DE2109346A1 - Plate for plate heat exchangers and tools for its manufacture - Google Patents

Description

"Plate for plate heat exchanger and tool to his Manufacture "

The invention relates to a plate for plate heat exchangers, the one area overflown by the fluid with corrugations or other deformations to generate turbulence having in the flow.

A plate heat exchanger, as the name suggests, consists of a separable stack of several generally rectangular shapes Plates, which are arranged lying flat against one another in the stack. A normally circular opening is arranged in the area of each corner of each plate. Corresponding openings are across the entire stack of the plates in alignment with each other. The ones in alignment standing openings form inlet and outlet channels for two normally liquid heat exchange media, which through flow through alternating flow spaces formed between adjacent plates. In or on the Plates are arranged seals, which the flow

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Limit space laterally, control the flow of the fluid in the flow spaces and prevent leakage of the fluid. In use, the stack of panels is clamped together. Normally, one fluid flows from one of the two bottom corner openings to one of the upper corners in the alternating flow spaces, while the other fluid flows from top to bottom, namely from the other upper corner opening into the other lower bottom opening through the flow spaces in between. Due to the different design of the thickness in the two types of panels, these are usually referred to as left-hand and right-hand panels.

If the temperature rise of one medium is equal to Θ and the mean temperature difference measured across the plate between the two liquids is equal to -Δ τ, then the thermal performance of the plate can be given as a ratio as follows will:

Λτ
This quantity is known as the temperature ratio of the plate.

The more detailed explanation of the size of this ratio gives quantitative the thermal performance again that is achieved by the heat exchanger, while the temperature ratio, which in practice with a very specific plate

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'can be achieved, characterized by the following relationship can be:

Where: ü equal to the total heat transfer coefficient,

A is equal to the heat transition area of the plate that has been developed in a plane

q equals the mass flow velocity of one of the | "two liquid media over the plate and

C equals the specific heat of this liquid medium.

It is therefore easy to see that the higher the heat transfer coefficient for a particular liquid, the higher the temperature relationship with the plate can be obtained.

An important factor in determining the size of the heat transfer coefficient of a plate is the type of corrugations (trough shape) or protrusions which are pressed into the plate. These deformations determine the amount of turbulence that is generated in the liquid medium. The purpose of generating the turbulence is, in turn, to increase the heat transfer. The highest temperature ratio is at the small- ^; The lowest speed is obtained at which the fluid still completely fills the flow space, while the lowest temperature ratio is present when there is a maximum plow speed which can still be reached

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'Can be before the pressure loss across the flow space increases excessively. The ratio of the largest and the smallest

most temperature ratio corresponding to these two extremes Conditions is relatively small and is roughly between 1.5: 1 and 2: 1, making a particular training one Plate does not have a wider range of temperature ratios can be used, as is the case with the wide range of requirements for the thermal performance of heat exchangers is equivalent to.

It is therefore necessary to have panels with a number of different Corrugation or depression shapes and / or protrusion shapes to create, each of which has its own value of heat transfer coefficient and thus of temperature ratio. However, since the plates require a rather complex pressing tool and these are extremely expensive, it is quite uneconomical maintain a set of dies for each range of temperature relationship.

It is therefore the object of the invention to further develop a heat exchanger plate of the type described in more detail at the outset in such a way that it can be made in various embodiments without the need for complete sets of dies for each shape are needed.

This Au% be is achieved according to the invention in that the from Each heat exchange plate formed flow area from a

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A plurality of zones is formed, each of which has a pattern of Has corrugations or other formations, and of which at least one zone has such a pattern that is dependent on the ' at least one other zone deviates, so that they are different Heat transfer characteristics result in the two zones.

' A

The zones are advantageously divided into two groups, I. j shares, namely those with a pattern leading to a high

Temperature ratio leads and those whose pattern results in a low temperature ratio. The choice of rela- ! tive number of zones in this group is determined by the performance to be fulfilled by the heat exchanger.

: A set of press tools for making plates for i

j

different benefit entitlements can be made in this way ^; Common parts for pressing the end portions of the openings including i and those zones which connect the openings to the main flow area exist. This also includes two or - if necessary - more than two sets of partial tools, which are used to press the pattern of the corrugations or other deformations in the zones of the main flow area. The design of these tools thus also forms the subject of the present invention.

The plate can be in zones along generally horizontal or to the Flow reddening of transverse lines can be subdivided.

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These dividing lines can be straight or, preferably,

j stepped lines to avoid getting over the plate

j weakening lines result. The gradation of the dividing line can be achieved, for example, by designing the dividing line as a corrugated line j can be reached. However, it is also possible to use the individual zones j by vertical or longitudinal j lines, namely straight or stepped or wavy lines ι to subdivide.

The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of schematic drawings ^{1 using several exemplary embodiments:}

I Figs. 1 and 2 are plan views of plates of a 3 ypes one j conventionally designed plate pair.

; Fig. 3i 4 as well

1 -

ί Figs. 5 and 6 are each plan views of two plates : Basic forms of pairs of which the plates

j are derived according to the invention.

ι - - ■

7 and 8 are plan views of plates of a pair of plates,

which is designed according to the invention.

FIG «9 and 10 show modifications of the plates according to Figures 3 and 4. Figure 11 is side view of another sine Ausführungsi form of a plate according to the invention..

! 12 and 13 are schematic sectional views of different

different training opportunities of the plate

according to Fig. 11.

14 shows a longitudinal section through a further embodiment a plate according to the invention.

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Figure 15 is a top plan view of the Pig plate.

Pig. 16 and 17 show further modifications of the plate according to FIG

Invention according to Pig. 3.

Pig. 18 and 19 show in side and front view the spaced arranged pressing tools, which are used for producing the plates according to the invention can be.

Pig. 20 is a top plan view of the one holder with g

Press tools in their position.

Pig. 21 is a cross section through the holder and the

Pig press tools. 20th

Pig. 22 and 23 are plan views of plates of another embodiment of a pair of plates according to the invention, "during

Pig. 24 and 25 plan views of a further modified embodiment of a pair of plates in the new design.

A common form of plate formation, that of manufacture plate heat exchangers a flow area with a series of parallel depressions 1, as they are from Pig. 1 and 2 can be seen, and the are pressed into the plate. These depressions run at a Y angle with respect to the vertical or the longitudinal direction of the flow of the plate. The neighboring plate has similar ones Wells 2, which are at the same angle to the ^, ^ right Axis, but are arranged with the opposite inclination.

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Fig. 1 shows the left and the pig. 2 the right-hand plate of the pair of plates that belong together.

When the adjacent plates are clamped together, the depressions run in different directions, see above that they cross each other. The consequence of this is that there is contact between the plates at the points of intersection, whereby the exact distance between the plates is maintained even during operation.

This same success of mutual support is also achieved in the design of the plates according to the invention. In this plate, the flow area is divided into a number of horizontal plate bands 3, as can be seen from FIGS. In the embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 4, the angle of the W _e llentäler changes in respect to the horizontal on each successive band. The angle between the wave troughs and the horizontal, that is to say the transverse direction of the plate, can well be around 30 in such a plate, since it has been found that this angle gives a relatively high value for the temperature ratio. It is known that when the angle between the course of the wave trough and the horizontal transverse direction is increased, the value of the temperature ratio decreases, so that a plate with corrugations which extend at an angle of 60, as shown in FIG and 6 is reproduced, to a much lower

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leads to a lower temperature ratio than that based on the Pig. 3 ■ '. and 4 described plate. To get a mean value for the '

I <I

ι;

i would achieve temperature ratio it would at normal

• Formation of plates according to Pig. 1 and 2 may be necessary to the Wave trough an angle of, for example, 4-5 ° with respect to the ' To give transverse direction. This would further lead to the need to produce an additional set of pressing tools at this angle, which leads to undesirable expenses.

It can be seen that each of the plates with high temperature. ratio according to Pig. 3 and 4 five horizontal plate bands with

; Has corrugation angles of 30 °. These bands are labeled A. It is also apparent that when the plates ^with: a low temperature ratio according to Pig. 5 and 6 each have five ¹ horizontal bands 4 with an angle of 60 ° for the corrugation, course. These bands are labeled B. One ^; ä, plate with a temperature ratio that should lie between that presented by the plate with the five bands A (high temperature ratio) and the plate with the five bands B (low temperature ratio), can according to the invention by a plate which consists of a mixture of bands A and bands B. . ^;

Another method of changing the heat transfer efficiency of a plate is to change the slope of the plane; . Corrugations either alone or in conjunction with an

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¹ let the angle change with respect to the horizontal.

! That in the pig. 7 and 8 plate pair shown reproduces a pattern for the corrugations, which consists of two bands 3 and three Bands A consists. Any combination of A and B bands within the total of five bands can be used to achieve special temperature conditions or heat transfer capacities can be compiled. The invention is self-evident not limited to a total of five bands. Rather, the number of bands can also be higher or lower. Ever The greater the number of bands, the greater the degree of flexibility to achieve certain temperature conditions or heat transfer exercises. The greater the number of bands, however, the greater the number of individual press tool sections, which are required.

To further change the temperature ratio of a plate One or more of the bands A or B can be replaced by a third band with a different angle for the wave course This change can, if necessary, be carried out for other belts. Another variant consists in combining two or more bands into a single unit, which in certain proportions the Can simplify the manufacture of the tool. It must be remembered, however, that the more of these individual tape units are manufactured or used, the less

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the number of Gxund bands A and B is that of the original Tool can be made to obtain different temperature ratio values.

The pressing tool for the plates according to Pig. 3 to 8 can be in be made in such a way that the sections of the tool p which correspond to the bands A and B, are designed to be interchangeable, so that a single composite tool for f these plates are used with variable corrugation combinations according to the respective requirements for temperature ratio values can be.

It should be noted that the sealing arrangement in the Pig. and 8 plates is such that the flow between Openings takes place which are provided diagonally opposite one another at the corners of the panels. An alternative arrangement is that the flow is essentially parallel to the longitudinal sides of the plates and therefore between two Openings takes place on the top and bottom of the plate, which are arranged near a longitudinal side of the plate. This arrangement has the advantage that when reversing the plate by 180 ° in a vertical plane from a left-hand plate one right side plate so that only a single set of pressing tools is needed to cut the corrugations in the left side and the right-hand panel.

It should be noted that in the plates according to Pig. 7 and 8 the belt types are arranged in the same pole. This means,

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that when two panels are clamped together, the A-bands

i 'I

the Α-bands and the B-bands opposite the B-bands- >. so that there are five changes in the direction of the flow channels across the plate. However, it is also possible to arrange the ribbons in a different order so that the ribbons in the Pig. 8 have a different sequence than in the plate of FIG. This can be done, for example, by replacing a Α-band in each case with a B-band in FIG B-band is opposite in the adjacent plate, resulting in a common flow path through the plate.

If the plate is formed with an even number of corrugated ribbons, this arrangement has the advantage of being reversed of the plate by 180 ° in a vertical plane from a right-side to a left-side plate is obtained, wherein both have different opening positions and corrugations, which cross at neighboring plates.

In the case of the reversal of the corrugation pattern, the sequence of bands determines the type of flow channel. A sequence from ABAB indicates a reversal to BABA, so that in all rushes the Plate the bands A and B are opposite each other and a common flow path results. A sequence of ABBA gives if it is reversed, a sequence of ABBA, so that the

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The flow path at the ends of the plate is different from that in the middle of the plate. A sequence of AAAB with its inversion BAAA results in another variant.

9 and 10 illustrate left and right ^! sided panels based on this principle with four horizontal bands. It can be seen that the Pig. 9 after reversal, the curl pattern according to Pig. 10 will. The principle of the two types of belts A and B.

j in connection with the combination of the bands in the manner already described allows a number to be made of plates of varying temperature conditions. Instead of

j that a set of pressing tools is required for each right-hand and each left-hand plate, it is possible with one single set of tools, which are interchangeable tools

j have sections corresponding to bands A and B, both

to produce right-sided and left-sided panels.

The Pig. 24 and 25 illustrate the use of non-j distinguished in left-hand and right-hand use Plates with the patterns ABAB and BABA.

It can be seen that in practice it is also possible to provide only two zones in the plate, one of which is of the A type and the other is Type B. These can be arranged that way

; be that every other plate is turned over so that the zones

j A and B work together through the whole stack of panels.

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^: It is possible to use the principle of interchangeable tapes or

j Sections with other corrugation shapes instead of the previously described

! benen form to use. This is another common shape

. of corrugations across the plate, essentially

jI at right angles to the vertical axis, with the corrugations ; of adjacent panels interlock. The depth of the wholes can be greater than the inclination of the panels. In the-

! In this case, the heat transfer coefficient depends on the Ilanken

'. slope and angle of the corrugations. A record of this kind

• is shown in Fig.11. This is divided into four ABAB bands, in which the corrugations of each type are either r the depth according to Pig. 12 or after the 3? Ig.i;> or after both change.

Another turbulence-generating plate formation consists in j a number of cup-shaped impressions 5> which have ^{a circular cross-section for usual 1} borrowed and in the plate; in the in 3? ig. H type shown are press-fitted. The heat transfer coefficient depends on the slope and the size of the indentations 5. For example, the Α band can consist of press-fit! Solutions of small diameter and small spacing exist, while the B-band consists of such impressions of large diameter and large spacing or large row inclination. The plate can either consist of Α-bands or B-bands or a. Combination of these bands according to J? Ig.15 exist in order to achieve different ranges of the temperature relationship.

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j This principle can be applied to other forms of a Turbuj

ί lenz erzenigen protrusions or deformations in plate heat exchangers be applied.

Referring again to the Pig. 3 to 10 and Pig. 24: and 25 it is clear that the horizontal line adjacent to the point of contact between two belts together '■ falls, represents a plane of weakness with respect to horizontal deflections of the panels. This can be avoided if this line is stepped or otherwise designed to overlap or interlock adjacent bands. Examples of this are shown in FIGS. 16 and 17. In Pig. 16 the bands meet at the wavy line 6 and in Pig. at the stepped or square wave-shaped line 7 together.

The Pig. 18-21 illustrate one embodiment of a tool used to manufacture the types of panels described after Pig. 3 to 8 can be used.

The tool consists of two opposing tool holders 10 and 11, each of which has a recess 12 for receiving a set of tool sections. As shown the set of tool sections comprises two end sections 13 and five main sections. From these main sections are two sections 14 with steeply inclined corrugations and the other three sections 15 with less steeply inclined

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Provide corrugations. Sections 14 and 15 are interchangeable

bar and can be used in any combination with the tool shark

, 'tern can be used. This enables a large number of variations of plate types to be produced. The number of tool sections is not necessarily limited to £ five,

^; but can include any suitable number of sections.

The system described above, which includes horizontal bands, can also be replaced by a system in which the bands

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. in the vertical direction, as is the case with Mn the Figures 22 and 23 is shown. Can also be a combination Both systems are used, with the panels both horizontally and vertically in a number of rectangular shapes Elements are divided, which make replaceable sections of a pressing tool necessary to a possible short flexibility with regard to changing the temperature ratio to get the plate. The boundary lines of the bands can be straight - as shown - or wavy, as the 3fig. 6 and the Pig. 16 and 17 show.

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Claims (1)

_ 240934S Claims Heat exchanger plate for plate heat exchangers, which have a Flow area limited by corrugations or other deformations are provided for generating turbulence, characterized in that the Flow area of at least two with a pattern of f There are zones with multi-lobes or deformations whose corrugation or normalization patterns are different, in such a way that that the heat transfer characteristics of the plate are different in these zones. 2. Heat exchanger plate according to claim 1, characterized in that, where several zones, these are divided into two groups, of which the zones of a group? Shows a higher value of the temperature ratio A as the pattern of the zones of the other group. 5. Heat exchanger plate according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the zones have corrugations ■ which are inclined with respect to the general direction of flow, the angle of inclination and / or the plan; slope of the corrugations in the zones is different. 109842/1083 ■ 4. Heat exchanger according to claim 1 "to 3, d ad u r c h marked that "with an even number of Zones the sequence of the zones is selected so that hot alternating arrangement of plates rotated below 80 ° a special form of flow channel is obtained. • 5. Heat exchanger plate according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the zones have corrugations and the change in the heat exchange characteristics is obtained by changing the depth and / or the inclination of the corrugations. 6. Heat exchanger plate according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the zones are cup-like: Have deformations and the change in heat transfer properties is obtained by varying the size and / or the spacing of the deformations. 7. Heat exchanger plate according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that the boundary line between adjacent zones is straight. '8. Heat exchanger plate according to claim 1 to 6, characterized it indicates that the borderline between adjacent zones is wavy. 109842/1083 9. Plate heat exchanger "consisting of a stack of Heat exchange plates lying face to face, d u r ch; marked that at least some of the Plates of the stack according to claim 1 Ms 8 is formed. 10, pressing tool for producing heat exchanger plates according to claim 1 Ms 8, characterized by common pressing tool sections for deforming the end portions of the panels and two or more sets of interchangeable tool sections for pre-bonding the heating area of each plate. 109842/1083