DE2055282A1 - Both sides of smooth, hard or semi-hard fibreboard as well as the method and device for their production - Google Patents

Description

pl atte, arte h or semi-hard wood fiber boards, as well as, processes for their preparation device un d

ule invention relates to a double-sided smooth, ib-rbe or semi-hard wood fiber board, especially made of hard hardwood, which offers special properties and high physical-mechanical properties with little addition of binding and hydrophobing agents, as well as to the method and the device for the production of said plate.

The one or two-sided smooth, one or multi-layer, at üich known hard and semi-hard .fibreboard offers certain parts of the guard such as n. Asymmetry of the cut (two sidedusc), uneven texture, weak tensile strength ^ oiiKi-eclib zur ü'xuche (tendency to form blisters), large Shares of binders and hydrophobizing agents.

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Also known per se are processes and systems according to the wet (wet-wet), "semi-wet" (wet-dry), semi-dry (drywet) or dry (dry-dry) method, which have some disadvantages: high water consumption, problems with sewage and high Wood consumption in wet processes, high consumption of power, binding agents and water repellants in the dry process, rapid clogging of the drainage sieves and sticking of the plates on the Glossy sheets in the semi-dry process, etc.

The invention overcomes these disadvantages in that - for the purpose of producing a plate with a higher surface quality and better physical-mechanical properties with little consumption of wood, force, heat and additives - this plate has two smooth sides and a symmetrical structure that consists of consists of two outer layers and a middle layer which have different degrees of purity of the fibrous material and the proportion of additives, the middle layer being homogeneous and interspersed with the outer layers at the transition; The process for producing this plate consists of defibrating the wood while checking the content of soluble substances, adding the water repellent in a molten state between the washers, and adding the binding agent shortly after defibration. Fibers are then dried to 4 to 15 % and scattered in a hat that has a structure corresponding to the plate; The mat is placed directly on polished transport sheets made of stainless steel, then with a layer of finely atomized hydrophobic emulsion or another separating agent

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sprayed, and at temperatures from 185 to 220 ° C and pressure up to 60 kg / cmp pressed, after which the panels are air-conditioned and cut to size, and the sheets with each return run be mechanically cleaned and cooled with air in the working cycle.

The device is equipped with: polished stainless steel transport plates, a system for atomizing a hydrophobic em ulsion or other tremitiants, cylindrical, horizontal Brush with automatic function and cooling system with Compressed air for the sheets.

An exemplary embodiment of the invention is illustrated below with reference to the drawing. The drawing shows:

Yy'ig. 1 a section through the erfindungsgeiaäss both sides

smooth plate,
Jj ¹ Ig. 2 is a diagram of the method according to the invention.

The 4 mm thick hardboard made according to the invention has two smooth surfaces, both with a very fine texture and even color, without Jäind ep articles, and one multi-layer structure consisting of the outer layers 1 and 2, each about 0.7 mm thick, and a middle layer 5, made up of three layers $ a, $ b, ^ c consists of the fibers of the outer and vibrating layers are interspersed (merge into one another), so that there is no tendency to form bubbles (separation of the layers).

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The fineness of the fibers, bestinrat by fractionation on DiJbi-fcdobcn corresponds to a fraction of bp to bO Yo the fiber iieeisschicht between 0.16 and O, V> UIM Bieu / UNU ^l j> 5 kiue 75 7o of the M fibers ttelschicht ζ v / i sch cn aen 0, ^ 15 and 1.5 mia-oi

i / ie Jb-latte is made from 100 jfe iiotbuchenhola, total uiionbrixxdet, dt-von 75 / * firewood and 2 ^ i> o bi-I ^ ewerkabbage, lior ^ t

jjie Z / Usatzmittel are the following: thenolharz 10 to 1h Kfj: active substance, iraraffin 10 to 22 k £ and concentrated o säui-e 1 to 5 kg to 1 ton of finished product.

Jjie Dec ^ sciiichten have a large part on than the middle layer.

1-ian icann produce panels from 2 to 10 inches thick and even more, the upper limit is only limited by the clearance between the heating plates of the press.

The plate has a density of about 1.00 kg / da "", a flexural strength of over 400 Ep / cmp (DIL-Prcbe), a thickness swelling under 18 i'o and a water absorption under ~ ^f j0 i'o after 24- btun-. den (DIN sample).

By changing the additive proportions and corresponding KLArtel

Development of the working parameters can be hard or semi-hard plates are manufactured for bonding purposes.

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Dae erfindungsgeuLose process for the preparation of the above-described plate determines the JiLiiruhruiii "of possibly GeV / a-;:; cncnen wood chips, in excess of ^l \> -ja humidity, by means of a horizontal screw conveyor in αen preheater 5> where steam at G atu to 14 The duration of the pre-warning is y to 8 cm. The pre-warming parameters are controlled in such a way that an optimal proportion of water-soluble substances is created, since these substances act as binders when the panels are hot-pressed.

With the help of a screw conveyor 6, the wood chips arrive from the preheater between two discs, one fixed and one rotating, v / o the grinding takes place.

As a result of this process, individual fibers are produced as well Faε erbundel won.

Her pulp is extracted from the grinding chamber 7 through the outlet valve 8 evacuated; this valve forms a constriction that maintains the specific pressure in the system.

the Defibrierungsaniage can preferably the additives be beiαϊoi {$, namely:

ίύ ···.:, Pari · .ifLn or another Ilydrophobierungsmittel is used in

State at an overpressure of 1 to 5 Kp / cm

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Reliable to the preheating pressure, through, an axial bore the conveyor screw is inserted into the space between the faced disks. The center disk and the whole rotating grinding disk ensure the uniform distribution of the water-repellent coating in the fiber. Compared to the addition of the Paraffins as an emulsion, the preparations and the problems with the resistance of the emulsion are eliminated and the The consumption of sulfuric acid is reduced by the fact that the strongly alkaline emulsion no longer needs to be neutralized. The addition of paraffin is 10 to 22 Kp. To a ton of fiber boards.

The phenol-formaldehyde resin with a hardening time of 4-5 to 90 seconds at 130 ° C (sample on hot plate) or a similar thermosetting synthetic resin, in an aqueous 20 to 30% solution is under 3 to 7 Kp / cm pressure in the relaxation zone of the Steam fiber mixture.es injected into the exhaust valve so that a Even distribution of the resin in the I'asermasee ensured

In connection with the desired plate quality, θ to 20 Kp. Resin for hard and 20 to 60 Kp. Resin for semi-hard Plates, calculated in active substance, based on a 2oime Finished product, added.

The technical sulfuric acid, diluted to 5 to 10% in the water, is passed through the outlet pipe about 0.4 m after the outlet valve

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Atomization with compressed air at 2 to 4 atmospheres is added in a special nozzle. Atomization with compressed air ensures fine dispersion and prevents the nozzle from clogging. ^{The addition is from 1} to 10 Kp. Of concentrated sulfuric acid (9b0 ) to a finished product.

Through the Kohr 9, the fiber material mixed with additional means is admitted into uic drying plant 10, where it is transferred from one to iju ::. 100 ⁰ G of heated air flow is added and dried in the icrauin from about 3 seconds to 4 to 15% light.

Iu this way, in contrast to the wet method, where the fibers be washed with large vase lengths, so that the material Losses and the well-known problems with sewage appear, here the soluble substances remain in the fiber mass, whereby a reduction in the addition of binder is achieved.

The dried fibers fall from the cycloiias 11 into the Classifiers 12, which they separate into two fractions: for the fibers that are large and appropriate for the manufacture.

It is particularly advantageous that the cover material is produced on a separate production line. This corresponds to the above-mentioned description with the difference that the defibrator ■ 1 5 A yarn a gröasere additive amount as the means 4 is beigeaaeijt to 12, without the "consumption, based on solar panels, the boundaries indicated above exceeds. 109847/1063

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The fibers prepared in the defibrator 15 are in the 'iiiOcknex dried and separated into two fractions in crater 15; fine fiber for the top layers, which are made by pneumatic Transport to the deckst © ffLunker 16, and & roase jm-εera, together with the coarse material from the denser 12 again In the classifier 17, all of the material is sorted into two fractions Corresponding i'asers and to ^ robe fibers used in jj'ari 18 pay later.

iier btoxi and the one from the © icjute.r 1? i-Mittelstoff are aurch '/ entixator 19 and Gyiuon kO or k depending on the iiiXiunysstajid of the iiuiiicer - in the n kc. and 2 '^ transported «

for Ä / brikation .entspx ^ echende Group AUC eng 12 is Nittel fan 24 w in the Uyklonen 2C or 26 'of the fabric, depending on the _{x-t'ülltingszuLtana} iia ^ Unker 22 oaeifällt.

The i'unit of the i'aser 'measured by ractioning awf öesa BIN-Siebaatz (2.5 wm, 1.5 α », 0.5 w» i Q »315 w», 0 ^ 6 mm), is characterized in that 65 to 60 % of the top toffee remains between the 0.16 mm and 0.75 a © έ »Ϊ60 and 55 to V5 £ · of the middle laminate between the 0.515 mm and 1.5 aa sieve remain"

the silos are removed from the silos by the belt

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- Μ -

v / aa;,; en 27, 28 mid 29 automatically controlled according to the lectgolegten ratio of 20 to -1-0 ^c / o cover fabric and 60 to ου / ύ middle laminate. The btoff is then taken over by the i'Orni-üp fön ;; O and 51 for the top layers and 3> 2, J;>, p4- for the! Middle layer ^ (or yd, '-Jo ₁ yc) .

The i / liesior: "iUiaschinc orders from five i'orm heads on the principle of the half-cylindrical perforated plate in which a brush roller rotates, which hurls the i'asers on a horizontally moving machine; under your machine there is a vacuum of 50 to yUö μ Wb generated. For the purpose of producing a homogeneous middle layer and the intervening of the outer and non-woven fibers, all the brush rollers rotate in the same direction, namely in the forward direction of the screen The air sucked in under the bed can only enter the front of the head and has to move in the opposite direction to the fibers that are thrown out.

The fractionation effect resulting from this principle of loyalty So it is put under control. This actioning effect can through coarse layers that are weak, fissile Forming zones in the plate, resulting in a non-homogeneous fleece.

Ensuring a constant surface weight are two things Iicierfrüser planned: a milling cutter 55 for the M tt el layer

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and another cutter 56 for the upper leak rail. By attitude the distribution flap 37 under the belt scale 27 and the height of the cutters 35 and 36 is the symmetrical section of the Fiber fleece achieved.

The fleece produced in this way is used in the rubber band prepress 39 cold-pressed, to length with the circular saws 4-0 and up Cut the width with the circular saws 41, draw up the scales and place them directly on the transport plates. the Transport trays are made of stainless steel (Inox) and have a high gloss finish polished (height of the micro-cracks G, 2 to 0.6 mm). The sheets, on which "fiber cakes" lie run on a [transport system, and pass through the spray system 44, where paraffin emulsion or other hydroplan bending or release agent atomizes will.

The atomization takes place with the help of compressed air from a special nozzle. The cakes are in the run with 10 to 100 g / m ^ Fine atomizer emulsion sprayed. The Bnulsion is supposed to be the Elisen prevent the fibers on the glossy metal sheets, create the well-known "vapor effect" when the press is closed and the fibers plasticize, so that a closed, smooth Top side is created.

The trays with the sprayed cakes are fed into the multi-level hot plate press with simultaneous closing device by means of a feeder 45.

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The pressing takes place at 120 to 220 ° C specific pressure of 10 to ^{50-70 Lp / cm -1} and takes 4 to 6 minutes for 4 mm plates and 5 US 7 minutes for 6 mia plates, according to one of the itohütoff, the humidity and the degree of dryness of the pulp and the press enteiap era door etc., adapted diagram. _t

at. The gaseous substances created by the initial distillation of the wood play a special role in the physico-chemical processes that take place in the press and that determine the properties of the panels. The press diagram must be controlled so that the optimal course of these processes is ensured in connection with the other eesometers.

The pressed fiber boards are pulled out of the press in the emptying basket 4-7 together with the sheets and then lifted with the suction cups 4S on the web 4-9, while the Return trays to circulation.

The plates are conditioned to the humidity at delivery (4 to 8%) and cut to the finished format.

In the return line of the circuit, the metal sheets pass under one horizontal cylindrical brush 50, which in opposite ' fiichtung for sheet movement is driven in rotation and by means of automatically controlled compressed air cylinders on the

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Presses sheet metal. When the sheets come under the brush, the brush is lowered; if the sheet metal stops, the lurate is lifted so as not to destroy the shine through constant exercise, the nieces system secures the xieiiiiguiig of the eventual ones ;; Sheet metal remains with _ο εαούΐ pass and also ensures the irhalturig of the shine. Hie Lürct is equipped with a powerful suction system, which consists of the fan 51 and the suction hood, which is slotted along the entire length of the brush.

The transport sheets are then fed through using Compressed air jets in the system 52 cooled the pressure jets are aimed at both rides of the metal sheets, and then the metal sheets return to the point where a new one is placed will, back.

The natural convention and active cooling with air jets lower the sheet temperature to 100 to 140 ° Q,

Ura to ensure the flatness of the sheets, the additional Appendix 53 »for cooling the smock zone of the metal sheets Compressed air jets directed from below - same when taking off from the EntYeerungekorb 47 - are provided.

The advantages offered by the product according to the invention of the process according to the invention and the system according to the invention are as follows:
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109147/1003

- the 'double-sided, smooth, hard or rialbliarte Ho 1 ζ iTacer plate ΰΐύϋώ: none physical-mechanical properties and particularly good sound, so that the üulii Ka ε chi ex * en, varnish: - odor iic.cerarucl · : nit or without painting, etc. suitable cinu. By .luideru-ig the binding and hydrophobing sections- ^ u [JCDo x, oiiiie: i! Plutteii l'ilr alle üondei'zx / ecice weatherproof etc. xLoi'ijcstelit WeX ¹ QOIi. Ais HohstoiT hard deciduous species, vüili ;;: unentxandet and in inferior bortiraent (dümies i-ίοΐΰ, ^ cte, waste up to 50 / ^) can be used without reducing the quality of the panels ^

- ± m disparity with all known methods, the inventor has [ _; The process is particularly cost-effective because of the low consumption of raw materials and additives and because of the utilization of the soluble constituents as additives, because of the low air consumption - because not the whole range of sondex ^ n only the sorted out fraction is refined; on ürund the low heat consumption - because a dry cake is pressed and because a limited cooling of the transport trays takes place} due to the low water consumption and the elimination of the wastewater problem; due to the fact that there is no thermal post-treatment of the panels.

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Claims (2)

Claims Λ.) Double-sided, hard or semi-hard, three-layer wood fiber board, rait addition of thermosetting synthetic resins and water repellant, characterized in that, in order to improve the physical-mechanical properties, with low additive consumption and when using hard types of hardwood (up to 100%, completely without bark and as inferior Assortments), the outer layers (1, 2) with a thickness that consists of 10 to 25% of the total panel thickness of individual fibers and fiber bundles, of which 65 to 80 % in the fraction J ^ Ü, 16 mm and / ^ 0.75 ω ™ · o nehr get in DIN öiebsatz remain, and about 10 to 100 ° / additives than the middle class; the middle layer (3) with a thickness of 50 to 80 % of the total board thickness, the fibers of which have a proportion of ^ to 75 % in the fraction ^ 0.315 mm and ^ 1.5 mm in DIN-Si ebsatz, consists of several layers, the fibers in the contact surface of the top and middle layer are in between (merge into each other), the middle layer has a homogeneous structure, the addition of thermohär tend em synthetic resin 8 to 20 kp and of water repellants such. B. paraffin, 10 to 20 kp to the finished product. 2. A method for producing the wood fiber boards according to claim 1, characterized in that for the purpose of securing a 109847/1003 BATH ORIGINAL homogeneous structure and consistency and the high physical-mechanical properties of the product according to the invention, the raw material as washed wood chips in a preheater and a hydrothermal treatment by saturated steam at 0 to 14 atu and in the saturated state is subjected to the appropriate temperature for a time of 3 to 8 minutes, then fed together with the melted, pressurized paraffin (in a Henge of 10 to 22 φ / Το) into a defibrator, the so obtained i'aser at a continuous outlet from the defibrator with 8 to 20% phenolic resin and then with 0 to 3 kp / ton sulfuric acid, then brought to 4 to 15 ° light in a continuous drying system working with hot air, the dried substance in fractions corresponding to a proportion of 65 to 80 % of the outer layer fibers between the 0.16 mm and 0.75 mm DIK sieve and 55 to 75 % of the hit Teischiciitfaserii between the 0.15 rms and 1.5 fflffl Dlli sieve, is sifted, with subsequent grinding of the coarse material; that the material from the i'aserbunker is conveyed in a controlled throughput rate to the web forming, where the scattering of several intermediate layers (merging into one another) takes place, in that the middle layer is homogeneous and both the middle layer and the upper cover layer are milled to a certain height The fleece produced in this way is sawn to gross format and polished (transport plates, made of stainless steel 109847/1063 BATH ORIGINAL (Inox) is placed; on the surface of the "cake" 10 to 100 g / m finely atomized ütaiulsioii is sprayed, then the "cake" at a pressure of (lü to 60) iip / cu ^ temperature of (150 to 220 ° C), (y to 10 ) is pressed for a long time; the panels pressed in this way are transported for acliraatization and sawing; where the polished Sranspcrtblecho with the help of a brush, without destroying the> shine, with, "each pass la x & cidr first rank of the circulation cleaned and then ^{cooled to 100 υίε 140 υ} ο nit air. 5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the hydroponicsuittel (z. 13. Paraffin) is avarice-nzuichr-et, ds.cs ^ VorV, ^r äraiedruck is injected into the Iiahlkammer between the liahlscheiben; that phenol resin having a curing time of 50 to 90 seconds at I3O ⁰ C as 15 to 25% aqueous solution at 2 to 7 ATU in the outlet of the defibrator injected v / ill; that the sulfuric acid in 5 to 10% aqueous solution by atomization: with compressed air C, 4 u is let into the outlet pipe after the outlet valve. Device for the production of hard and semi-hard ± th according to claims 2 and ~ j from a dry fiber fleece, consisting of sheet metal circulation, loading and removal baskets and press, characterized in that the fiber cake is directly on the high-gloss polished noble . ; 109847/1063 BATH ORIGINAL ctanl-yranspcrtbleclie (height of the microcracks 0.2 to 0.5 mu.) is applied; that sur Blechur.ilauf in front of the press a jJir.richtung O ^'J O atomization of a Paraffineraulsionj or eiiioc is aiiäerenHydrophobierungs- i'rennmittels or provided; after the press iü iiucliliehratrang des Ij ml on it one \; ac.! _: real, ^ Lindrian uranium brush (50), which is in angered the seal is driven to move the sheet metal, under automatic control with compressed air on the moving sheet metal is lowered and pressed (so that when u ± e sheets stop, the brush v / ird) that a slot running along the entire length of the brush is provided for suction (51), with the brush touching the metal sheets cleanses without destroying the shine; a plant (52) Cure cooling of the sheets with through-air jets is provided and an additional system (55) for cooling with Drucklux'tstrahl can be provided on the underside of the trays immediately after the exit from the emptying basket. 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