DE807193C - Building panels - Google Patents

Description

Building boards For the production of building and insulating boards on the base Fiber material and organic binders are basically known in two ways. education of the fiber felt with or without simultaneous gluing of the individual fibers with the aid a binding agent (e.g. bitumen, plastic emulsions, etc.) on your wet Paths (e.g. Fourdrinier, suction filter) with subsequent drying without pressure or under pressure and usually with subsequent air conditioning. The dry processes are less used, the fiber material, e.g. B. peeling chips, compact with the help of temperature and pressure, If necessary, glue with plastic and let the panels cool down under pressure. Afterward air conditioning is also carried out here as protection against discarding.

On the one hand, all procedures are very time-consuming and require high rates Plant costs and have a high heat consumption for the necessary drying with Air conditioning.

The present method eliminates all of these disadvantages. The. @ Starting fiber mixture, z. B. peat (e.g. air-dry fiber peat with about 250; o Water content, torn in a known way), wood fiber, flax shives, wool fleece and the like as individual components or in mixtures, is broken down mechanically to such an extent (e.g. by combing machines) that a homogeneous fiber mixture of the same fiber length is created. The resulting dust (with sphagnum peat 13.20%) and the dust that is not crushed Residual fiber (e.g. cotton grass fiber about 3% in the case of sphagnum peat) are removed in a known manner removed by sieving, air separation or the like. The dust-free, homogeneous The fiber mixture is now heated and the binder is added at the same time. The kind the addition of binder depends on the binder, e.g. B. as dust, in molten Form, in emulsion, etc. Thermoplastic materials are used as binders, such as bitumina, pitch, cellulose esters, acrylic polymers and the like is now used together in known continuous systems, e.g. B. screw, ribbon mixers and the like, or discontinuously, e.g. B. in mixers of the type Drais, Werner & Pfleiderer tt. Ä., heated, up the thermoplastic binder flows very easily under pressure (e.g. in the case of ethyl acetate polymer to 130 °, with coal tar pitch E.P. (K. S.] 75 ° C warming to 85 ° C). Simultaneously the mixing plants must be operated in such a way that the water content is 0.5 to 1% above the desired Final water content is (when producing air-conditioned Isoplatten on the basis of wood pulp z. B. final water content 10%, so 1o, 5 to 11% water), because during further processing about this excess amount of water still evaporates. The heated finished mass is now deformed in a heated press. The press temperature is dependent of the grade to be processed and must be selected in such a way that no cooling occurs. The pressure depends on the grade used and the desired density the prefabricated panel. It ranges from 5 to normally 60 kg / cm2. For special purposes higher pressure can be used. The pressing time is to be selected so long that one actual compaction of the material takes place. After reaching the desired final pressure normally 1o sec. The ejected plate is still plastic and must cool down under a planned load, with the cooling down, provided this is from operational Reasons is desired, accelerated under artificial, but even cooling will. The plates obtained in this way can be used for the intended purpose or can be further refined as middle layers.

Example s Sphagnum peat air-dry (30% water content) in sod is torn open in a coarse grinder and fine grinder and combed out with the aid of a shredder (spiked roller) and sieved out on vibrating sieves. There remains on the coarse sieve (mesh size 2 cm) 4% cotton grass fiber, on the fine sieve (mesh size 0.2 cm) 74% fiber for panels, 22% dust falls through the fine sieve.

Zoo kg of fiber for panels (water content 30010) are intimately mixed with 14 kg of pitch dust (= 20% of the dry matter) KS 75 ° C in a heated mixer, type Drais, and heated to 85 ° C. Water content of the finished mixture 11%. In a heated die (50 x zoo cm) the material is run into a press (oil-hydraulic) with a temperature of the pressure plates of 90 ° C., loaded for 10 seconds, ejected, the plates are cooled under plane load.

At a pressure of 10 kg / cm2 the density of the plate is 0.58o 25 kg / cm2, the density of the plate is 0.720, 50 kg / cm2 the density of the plate is 0.970.

The humidity of the cooled plate is 10% water in all cases. The plate stays flat. Example e On a mixture of peat according to example 1 with 25% beech wood shavings (torn open to a length of 1 cm and sieved) is 100! O Plastic emulsion (e.g. poly vinyl acetate emulsion. Dry matter on dry matter calculated) sprayed on. The mass passes the spray dosing and on a belt Passes through a belt dryer where a humidity of 12% and the temperature of 12o ° is reached.

The pressing and further processing are carried out in the same way as in the example 1. The final moisture of the panels is 11%. The plates stay flat. , Beisl> ie13 The plate from Example 1 with a density of 0.58o is made on both sides veneered with wood in a known manner; The adhesive is synthetic glue (urea formaldehv (lkondellsat).

Example The plate from example 1 with a density of 0.58o is bonded to a plate from example e with a density of 0.970 ; The adhesive is bitumen-rosin adhesive.

Beispie15 The plate from example i with a density of 0.970 is laminated with metal foil or thin sheet metal; Adhesive neutral asphalt. The neutral asphalt also serves as a floating and compensation bed for the various expansion coefficients.

Examples 3 to 5 show some refinement options, as can be seen from the analogous arrangement of processes based on veneering, Lamination, surface modification and refinement, etc. result. The external character the plate can therefore be changed in many ways.

Claims (3)

PATENT CLAIMS: 1. Process for the production of building and insulating panels, characterized in that mixtures of classified fibers with thermoplastic Binding agents heated to the selected pressing temperature and to the final water content of the air-conditioned plate to be produced plus the one that evaporates during processing low percentage of water can be brought before compaction and the desired Compression pressure is maintained in a known manner until the introduced iNlischltng is deformed in order to then be relieved immediately and then subsequently to cool down under a flat load. 2. Process for the production of building and insulating panels, characterized in that the plates produced according to 1 are refined by Operations such as veneering, laminating, surface treatment and the like. 3. Procedure for the production of building and insulating panels according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that that metal foils or sheets are used for lamination, the adhesive at the same time as a floating and compensation bed for the various expansion coefficients serves.