DE202017104986U1 - Long-term fertilizer and a device for its production - Google Patents

Abstract

Long-term fertilizer comprising the organic, native components (1) at least one animal residue and (2) at least one hemicellulose-containing ingredient, wherein the at least one animal residue and the at least one hemicellulose-containing ingredient are digested and homogeneously mixed.

Description

The invention relates to a long-term fertilizer and a device for producing the long-term fertilizer according to the invention.

Due to the existing problems of agricultural fertilizers, in particular due to nitrate inputs from intensively fertilized agricultural land into the groundwater, an intensive discussion has arisen on the reduction of nitrate pollution in intensively agricultural areas. An increased nitrate entry into natural waters leads to a high phosphate content and massive plant growth (eutrophication). With the death and decomposition of plants, the oxygen content of the waters is lowered, which shifts the species composition of the living beings.

Furthermore, high nitrate levels in groundwater when used as drinking water are problematic because they can be transformed into nitrites in the digestive tract of the human body and these form the cancerous nitrosamines with the amines from protein-containing foods.

For this reason, the limit value for nitrate is 50 mg / l in groundwater and in drinking water, according to an EU directive of 1991, which was converted into national law in Germany in 2006. The WHO even recommends a limit of 25 mg / l. One way to comply with the limits of the Drinking Water Ordinance, is the mixture of nitrate contaminated groundwater with uncontaminated groundwater.

A reduction of agricultural fertilizer inputs is disadvantageous due to the safeguarding of the quantity and quality of crops. Arable crops must be consistently supplied with nutrients, especially nitrate salts, for the plant's own production of amino acids. Both chemically produced artificial fertilizer substrates and organic residues (manure, manure, fermentation residues, etc.) are used, which are applied to the field soil, the uppermost layer of the processed agricultural soil. A control of the location-dependent necessary amount of fertilizer entries by means of sensors and precision farming approaches. Precision farming approaches are understood to be processes of location-differentiated and targeted management of agricultural land, the aim of which is "precision farming". It takes into account the differences in soil and productivity within a field.

A possible alternative to artificial fertilizer substrates and organic residues is provided by a fertilizer comprising organic residues, in particular sewage sludge, liquid manure and chicken manure, and lime. DE 25 23 628 A1 discloses a process for producing a calcareous fertilizer from sewage sludge, wherein a mechanical concentration of the sewage sludge and a lime-scale (CaO) blending and granulation are carried out. DE 33 17 241 C2 discloses a fertilizer based on chicken manure, quick lime and bentonite, preferably with a proportion of bentonite flour and lime of in each case 12 to 20% by weight, based on the chicken manure. DE 35 18 905 A1 describes a process for producing a fertilizer from sewage sludge, wherein the sewage sludge is dewatered, mixed with lime, preferably carbonate lime or residual lime from the sugar industry, heat treated at a temperature of 300 to 600 ° C and granulated. Further disclosed DE 44 09 649 C1 a method for producing a fertilizer from sewage sludge, wherein the sewage sludge is dewatered by addition of cellulosic material and mixed with quick lime, wherein at least a temperature of 50 ° C and a pH of 12 is reached for controlling the pathogens.

Further describes WO 96/06060 A1 a process for the utilization of sewage sludge, wherein for dehydration and sanitation mixing with water-binding, swellable and ion-exchanging binders and solid, granular flour from porous rock and / or aerated concrete or wood flour and mechanical high-pressure agglomeration, wherein a heating and drying takes place.

A disadvantage of these fertilizers as well as a simultaneous spreading of organic residues with lime consists in the outgassing of nitrogen in the form of ammonia from the fertilizer, whereby a reduction of the nutrient or nitrogen content takes place.

Depending on the weather conditions, said fertilizers continue to have the disadvantage that the nutrients, in particular nitrates, are quickly washed out of the field soil due to their good water solubility. Thus, in heavy rain after fertilization, an introduction of nutrients by flowing surface water into natural waters or an accumulation of high nutrient concentration in sinks. In addition, on water-permeable farmland over a longer period of entry of nutrients into deeper, groundwater-bearing soil layers.

• - Splitter,
• - Knäuelbildung,
• - Fettschichten, Kreatinschichten und andere strukturbedingte Nachteile.

Organic-native animal substrates, such as sheep wool, bristles, bones, etc., are difficult to mix in soils. This is due to:

• - splitter,
• - ball formation,
• - Fat layers, creatine layers and other structural disadvantages.

In one approach, some miscibility has been achieved by compression or pelleting of untreated sheep's wool (see for example http://www.duengepellets.de/, DE 20 2007 002 569 U1 ). During pressing or pelleting, however, a heating takes place, which leads to expulsion of ammonia (denitrification) and to denaturation.

Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a long-term fertilizer from residues, which has a good immiscibility into the soil and a good water binding capacity and high air pore volume.

It is another object of the invention to provide a fertilizer with a high nutrient content and long-term fertilization effect, which have good plant availability, without leading to over-fertilization of the plants.

1. (1) mindestens ein tierischer Reststoff und
2. (2) mindestens ein Hemizellulose-haltiger Bestandteil,

wobei der mindestens eine tierische Reststoff und der mindestens eine Hemizellulose-haltige Bestandteil aufgeschlossen und homogen gemischt sind.According to the invention the object is achieved by a long-term fertilizer comprising the organic, native components

1. (1) at least one animal residue and
2. (2) at least one hemicellulose-containing ingredient,

wherein the at least one animal residue and the at least one hemicellulose-containing ingredient are digested and homogeneously mixed.

Advantageously, the long-term fertilizer according to the invention has a peat-like character, in particular a high air pore volume and a high water storage and exchange capacity, whereby the ventilation of agricultural, especially arable, forestry and horticultural, usable areas is improved. The long-term fertilizer according to the invention advantageously has a high nutrient content or a nutrient content which is suitable for the needs of numerous crops.

It is furthermore advantageously possible with the long-term fertilizer according to the invention to provide long-term nutrient supply to crop plants with reduced nutrient leaching (controlled Uptake Long Term Ammonium Nutrition (CULTAN) effect, controlled long-term ammonium diet). The root system of crops can easily penetrate the long-term fertilizer. By the adsorption and absorption of nutrients on and in the fibers of the at least one hemicellulose-containing component or in the animal residue contained fibers increased stability against leaching into surface and groundwater, in particular by rainwater obtained.

With further advantage, the long-term fertilizer according to the invention has low demands on storage or storage conditions.

Further advantageous emissions, especially ammonia (NH ₃ ) - and nitrous oxide (N ₂ O) emissions, both during transport and during the application of the long-term fertilizer, significantly reduced, since nitrogen is bound at low process temperatures.

According to the invention, the term "disrupted" is understood to mean the state after mechanical and / or hydrothermal digestion for defibrillation and thus release of constituents, in particular nutrients. The digestion is preferably carried out by coextrusion of the animal residue and of the hemicellulose-containing constituent acting as a structural material. A previous thermal digestion or pelletization of the components is not necessary. If necessary, only a pre-shredding of larger components (such as wood, bone)

Advantageously, the long-term fertilizer according to the invention is difficult to demix and has due to the digested components no closed, continuous layers of fat and keratin layers or at least (compared to the starting components) significantly reduced proportion of fat layers and keratin layers with barrier effect, thereby increasing nutrient availability and a high percentage of pores for crops and animal Raw materials is achieved. The fat or keratin (for example from sheep's wool) which may be present in the long-term fertilizer is mixed with the hemicellulose-containing constituent which acts as a structural material, which increases the permeability to water, the water adsorption and thus the nutrient availability. The digestion also increases the surface area of the organic, native components.

According to the invention, "native components" means components which occur naturally and have no chemical modification.

According to the invention, "animal residue" is understood to mean a by-product or by-product of the care and processing of animals.

In one embodiment, the at least one animal residue from stables, biogas plants.

The at least one animal residue is preferably selected from feathers, bones, horn substance or wool, in particular sheep's wool; Pork bristles, skins or chicken droppings, pig manure, cow manure or digestate. "Mist" is understood to mean the mixture of excrements of animals obtained in agriculture in livestock housing in stables with a binding medium, in particular plant litter selected from straw, shavings, hemp chaff and / or hay.

The at least one animal residue is particularly preferably selected from feathers, bones, horn substance or wool, in particular sheep's wool; Pig bristles or skins.

According to the invention, "hemicellulose" is understood as meaning a mixture of polysaccharides and constituent of plant cell walls comprising cellulose, which forms part of the support and framework substance of cell walls. Hemicellulose-containing substrates advantageously act as structural material in the invention.
The at least one hemicellulose-containing constituent is preferably selected from wood, preferably chopped and wood fibers; Straw, grass, green waste, and / or vegetable processing residues. "Green waste" is understood to mean organic waste from gardens and households. Fibrous green waste is suitably selected from foliage, flowers, weeds, tree, hedge and / or lawn cut. "Process residues" are residues from the processing and production of food. Appropriately vegetable processing residues are selected from processing residues from useful plants, preferably rapeseed straw, tomato stalks, coconut fibers or shives. Shives are broken, wood-like by-products of the production of bast fibers, especially flax or hemp fibers understood.

Advantageously, the slow-release fertilizer according to the invention has no disruptive constituents, in particular bone fragments, skin particles, quills, sheep wool nests, straw fractions and / or wood splinters, due to the disruption and the homogeneous mixture and is readily mixable with plant soil.

In one embodiment, the long-term fertilizer according to the invention comprises at least one animal residue with a proportion of 50% to 70% (m / m), preferably 55% to 65% (m / m), and at least one hemicellulose-containing component with a proportion of 30 % to 50% (m / m), preferably 35% to 45% (m / m), on.

In a preferred embodiment, the long-term fertilizer - optionally after drying - a dry matter content in a range above 80%, preferably from 80% to 90% (m / m), on. Consequently, the long-term fertilizer has a water content of preferably 10% to 20% (m / m).

In one embodiment, the long-term fertilizer has a porosity of 70 to 97% (v / v).

In a preferred embodiment, the long-term fertilizer also has a water absorption capacity of 54 to 84% (m / m). The water absorption capacity corresponds to the mass of liquid water, which can absorb the long-term fertilizer at atmospheric pressure.

In a preferred embodiment, the long-term fertilizer also has an air capacity of 45 to 65% (v / v). The air capacity corresponds to the volume of the long-term fertilizer that is filled with air.

In a preferred embodiment, the at least one animal residue and / or the at least one hemicellulose-containing constituent are comminuted.

The at least one animal residue and the at least one hemicellulose-containing constituent in the long-term fertilizer (that is to say after digestion) preferably have a maximum fiber length of 15 mm.

Expediently, the long-term fertilizer according to the invention has a pH in the range from pH 5 to pH 9.

In a further embodiment, the long-term fertilizer comprises at least one further native constituent, preferably selected from clay minerals, volcanic rock sand, pyrolysis coal from hydrothermal processes, lignite with a high content of humic acid or greenstone flour. Advantageously, the at least one other native ingredient causes an increase in nutrient content and increased long-term nutrient supply of crops with reduced nutrient leaching.

In one embodiment, the long-term fertilizer according to the invention comprises at least one further native constituent, preferably in a proportion of 5% to 20% (m / m), particularly preferably in a fraction of 10% (m / m).

In one embodiment, the long-term fertilizer has a long-term fertilizer effect, preferably a fertilizer effect over at least 5 Months, more preferably over 5 to 6 months. By "fertilizer effect" is meant the delivery of nutrients by the fertilizer. Advantageously, the long-term fertilizer has a fertilizing effect over at least one vegetation period.

In one embodiment, the long-term fertilizer is in the form of pellets or dispersible fine-grained material or in short fiber form.
Advantageously, the long-term fertilizer in the form of pellets or streufähigem, fine-fibrous material on a simple and accurate metering during fertilization. For the application of the long-term fertilizer conventional methods of agriculture and horticulture can be used.

• • Bereitstellen mindestens eines tierischen Reststoffes,
• • Bereitstellen mindestens eines Hemizellulose-haltigen Bestandteils,
• • Aufschluss und Mischen des mindestens einen tierischen Reststoffes und des mindestens einen Hemizellulose-haltigen Bestandteils bei einer Temperatur von maximal 57 °C,
• • Optionale Lagerung des so erhaltenen Substrats, ggf. nach Trocknung Pelettierung und/oder Konditionierung (Stabilisierung).

The preparation of the long-term fertilizer is preferably carried out by a process comprising the steps

• Providing at least one animal residue,
• Providing at least one hemicellulose-containing ingredient,
• Digesting and mixing the at least one animal residue and the at least one hemicellulose-containing constituent at a maximum temperature of 57 ° C.,
• Optional storage of the substrate thus obtained, optionally after drying, pelletizing and / or conditioning (stabilization).

Advantageously, animal residues, in particular from animal and biogas plants, utilized. Further advantageously, the process results in a drying of the animal residues and by the drying a significant reduction of odor.

In a preferred embodiment, the digestion and the mixing of the at least one animal residue and the at least one hemicellulose-containing constituent takes place at a temperature of 0 ° C to 57 ° C, particularly preferably 10 ° C to 40 ° C.

Preferably, the digestion and mixing of the at least one animal residue and the at least one hemicellulose-containing constituent in at least one intensive mixer, preferably a twin-screw extruder, in particular a twin-screw extruder as in DE 10 2012 200 167 B4 disclosed. Advantageously, the intensive mixer allows a change between pressure and relaxation, whereby an intensive mixing of the fibers of the hemicellulose-containing component with the animal residue takes place by digestion.

This gentle, non-nitrogen-depleting processing makes animal raw materials and residual materials mixable and processable as fertilizer. Advantageously, the immiscibility of the long-term fertilizer is also given in loose form (that is, without pelleting).

In one embodiment, the drying is carried out by a passive drying. A "passive drying" is understood to mean a removal of the liquid by evaporation or evaporation and / or a setting process.

In one embodiment, the method according to the invention comprises at least one further step, the further step being a conditioning and / or the production of pellets or scatterable, fine-grained material. Under conditioning, drying is carried out to a dry matter content of 50% to 70% (m / m), preferably 60% (m / m); Understood. Advantageously, conditioning allows the production of pellets. In one embodiment, the conditioning takes place with a maximum layer thickness of 40 cm.

Preference is given to conditioning and / or the production of pellets by means of outer wall agglomeration at low temperatures before storage.

1. i. eine Aufschlusseinheit mit integrierter Mischeinheit
2. ii. eine Trocknungseinheit.

The invention also provides a device for producing the long-term fertilizer according to the invention comprising

1. i. a digestion unit with integrated mixing unit
2. ii. a drying unit.

Advantageously, the device enables the processing of the organic, native components of the long-term fertilizer according to the invention, in particular comminution or digestion and a mixture, low processing temperatures, preferably a maximum temperature of 57 ° C, guaranteed.

In a preferred embodiment, the device according to the invention is characterized in that the digestion unit is a bio-extruder. A "bio-extruder" is understood to mean an intensive mixer for biological material.

In a preferred embodiment, the device according to the invention is characterized in that the mixing unit is an intensive mixer, more preferably a twin-screw extruder, in particular a twin-screw extruder as in DE 10 2012 200 167 B4 disclosed.

The digestion unit and the mixing unit are preferably a bioextruder or modified bioextruder.

In one embodiment, the device according to the invention comprises a drying unit, wherein the drying unit is a drying belt or a tower dryer.

In a further embodiment, the device according to the invention comprises a conditioning unit and a drying unit.

In one embodiment, the device according to the invention is characterized in that the conditioning unit a storage area or a conveyor system with ventilation, in particular a dry floor or a plate belt dryer; a storage container with ventilation, in particular a drying container; or a metering unit with ventilation.

In one embodiment, the device according to the invention is characterized in that the drying unit is a storage area, a storage container or a storage container with extraction device for exhaust air.

In one embodiment, the device according to the invention comprises at least one further unit, wherein the at least one further unit is selected from a dosing unit, preferably for solid biogenic substances or liquids; a metering screw, a pipe, a valve, a conveyor system, an agglomeration device and / or a packaging device. The device according to the invention preferably comprises at least one metering unit for solid biogenic substances or liquid substances.

In one embodiment, the agglomeration device is selected from outer wall agglomeration by means of a compacting extruder or a pellet press.

The device according to the invention is preferably used for the production of a fertilizer, preferably of the fertilizer according to the invention.

The fertilizer according to the invention is preferably used for fertilizing agricultural, especially agricultural, forestry and horticultural, usable areas.

For the realization of the invention, it is also expedient to combine the above-described embodiments and features of the claims.

embodiments

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to some embodiments and associated figures. The embodiments are intended to describe the invention without limiting it.

1 shows a schematic of a device according to the invention for the production of a long-term fertilizer. The device comprises a dosing unit for an animal residue 4 , a dosing unit for a hemicellulose-containing ingredient 5 , a digestion unit 1 for the digestion of the animal residue and the hemicellulose-containing component, a mixing unit 2 for intensive mixing, an agglomeration device 6 , a drying unit 3 for storage, with drying, as well as conveyor systems 7 for transport of components and mixtures.

Production of a long-term fertilizer

30% (m / m) pre-shredded woodchips are fed by means of a dosing device with 70% (m / m) springs via conveyor systems to a bio-extruder B60 from Lehmann-UMT GmbH. The bio-extruder is used for intensive mixing, comminution and digestion.

The mixture is dried by means of a drying tape.

The pH of the long-term fertilizer obtained is pH 6.5

The dry matter content of the long-term fertilizer obtained is 90% (m / m).

In an alternative embodiment of the embodiment takes place drying and production of free-flowing or streufähigem, fine-grained material that can be easily mixed in earth (earth production).

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Mixed / Digestion Unit

2

drying unit

3

Dosing unit for animal residue

4

Dosing unit for hemicellulose-containing ingredient

5

agglomerating means

6

conveyor system

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 2523628 A1 [0006]
• DE 3317241 C2 [0006]
• DE 3518905 A1 [0006]
• DE 4409649 C1 [0006]
• WO 9606060 A1 [0007]
• DE 202007002569 U1 [0011]
• DE 102012200167 B4 [0043, 0051]

Claims (16)

Long-term fertilizer comprising the organic, native components (1) at least one animal residue and (2) at least one hemicellulose-containing ingredient, wherein the at least one animal residue and the at least one hemicellulose-containing ingredient are digested and homogeneously mixed. Long-term fertilizer after Claim 1 , characterized in that its water absorption capacity is 54 to 90% (v / V) Long-term fertilizer after Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that it has a porosity of 70 to 97% (v / v). Long-term fertilizer after one of Claims 1 to 3 , characterized in that the at least one animal residue from stables or biogas plants is obtained. Long-term fertilizer after one of Claims 1 to 4 , characterized in that the at least one animal residue is selected from feathers, bones, horn substance or wool, pig bristles, hides or chicken droppings, pig dung horse manure, or cow dung. Long-term fertilizer after one of Claims 1 to 5 , characterized in that the at least one hemicellulose-containing constituent is selected from wood, straw, grass, green waste, and / or vegetable processing residues. Long-term fertilizer after one of Claims 1 to 6 , characterized in that the at least one animal residue is present in a proportion of 50% to 70% (m / m) and the at least one hemicellulose-containing ingredient in a proportion of 30% to 50% (m / m). Long-term fertilizer after one of Claims 1 to 7 , characterized in that the long-term fertilizer has a dry matter content in a range of 80% to 90%. Long-term fertilizer after one of Claims 1 to 8th , characterized in that the at least one animal residue and / or the at least one hemicellulose-containing constituent are comminuted. Long-term fertilizer after one of Claims 1 to 9 , characterized in that the at least one animal residue and the at least one hemicellulose-containing constituent have a maximum fiber length of 15 mm. Long-term fertilizer after one of Claims 1 to 10 , characterized in that the long-term fertilizer has a pH in the range of pH 5 to pH 9. Long-term fertilizer after one of Claims 1 to 11 comprising at least one further native constituent, preferably selected from clay minerals, volcanic rock sand or greenstone flour. Long-term fertilizer after one of Claims 1 to 12 , characterized in that the long-term fertilizer has a long-term fertilizing effect, preferably a fertilising effect over at least 5 months. Long-term fertilizer after one of Claims 1 to 13 in the form of pellets or dispersible, fine-grained material. Apparatus for producing a long-term fertilizer according to one of Claims 1 to 14 comprising i. A mixing and digestion unit (1) and ii. a drying unit (2). Device after Claim 15 comprising at least one further unit, wherein the at least one further unit is selected from a dosing unit, a metering screw, a pipe, a valve, a conveyor system, an agglomeration device and / or a packaging device.

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