DE202016103126U1 - Hybrid powertrain with power-splitting transmission, especially with switch positions - Google Patents

Abstract

Hybrid drive (1, 101, 201, 301), with a power-splitting, power-shiftable transmission (9, 109, 209, 311, 313), the a switchable transmission (13, 113, 213, 313), in particular in the form of a second sub-transmission (13, 113, 213, 313), such as a Stirnradnebenwellengetriebe (23, 123, 223) with a coaxial central shaft (25, 125, 225, 325) and a driving the switchable transmission (13, 113, 213, 313), such as the Stirnradnebenwellengetriebe (23, 123, 223), upstream power split transmission (15, 115, 215), in particular in the form of a first partial transmission (11, 111, 211, 311), which preferably in its execution a differential gear (17) in Planetary gearbox (19, 119, 319, 321) functionally corresponds, and with at least two prime movers (3, 5, 7, 103, 103, 105, 107, 203, 205, 207, 303, 305, 307) preferably at least two as a drive motor and / or as generator usable electric machines (5, 7, 105, 107, 205, 207, 305, 307) which each rotatable and / or rotationally fixed to a shaft (27, 29, 127, 129, 227, 229, 327, 329) of the coaxial central shaft (25, 125, 225, 325) are in communication or can be brought, characterized in that a Claw switching element (33, 35, 37, 39, 133, 135, 137, 139, 333, 335, 337), in particular a first jaw switching element (33, 133, 333), with a plurality of switching positions (I, II, III, IIII, II , III, IIII, IIIII, III, IIII, IIIII, IIIIII, IV), ie in particular at least two or three switching positions, as a force flux connector (X) between a rotary body (31, 61, 131, 161, 231, 361) of the power split transmission (15, 115, 215) such as a sun gear (77, 177, 277, 279, 378, 379) and one of the shafts (27, 29, 127, 129, 227, 229, 327, 329) of the central shaft (25, 125 , 225, 325) is arranged.

Description

The present invention relates to a hybrid powertrain, ie a hybrid drive according to the preamble of claim 1, in which two power machines, preferably electric machines, are present. The present invention also deals with switching positions for the production of power flows via the powershift transmission, in particular power-split transmission, which is also referred to as a power-splitting transmission.

In other words, the present invention relates to a hybrid drive according to the preamble of claim 1 and the associated shift positions of the transmission in the hybrid drive according to the preamble of claim 15.

Technical area

Hybrid powertrains, particularly those installed in automobiles such as passenger cars, are composed of various drive components, usually at least one internal combustion engine such as a diesel engine or a gasoline engine and at least one electric machine. For recuperation, the electric machine is often operated as a generator. For acceleration operations or for achieving increased end speeds, the electric machine is often used as a drive motor, z. B. in the partial load range of the internal combustion engine for the production of the so-called boost operation. A field of application for such hybrid powertrains are passenger cars of the upper middle class and the upper class, which are equipped with internal combustion engines that can bring a power in the three-digit kW range on the drive wheels. It is well known that these vehicles but often can not be operated at the optimized operating point, because they z. B. to be moved on routes with speed limits.

The design freedom and configuration options of such a hybrid drive are enhanced if not only a single electric machine is present in the hybrid powertrain, but in addition to a first electric machine still another, second electric machine. As a result, combinations can be produced in which optionally both electric machines drive the drive train by motor. In another configuration or setting one of the electric machines can be operated as a generator, which allows the possibility of a serial hybrid (electrical energy). In an ideal configuration, even both electric machines can be switched to generator mode.

Depending on the configuration and setting of the individual drive machines and motors or generators, the switching configurations of the gearboxes connecting the components must be adjusted in order, for. B. to realize a power split to z. B. to allow energy recovery or z. B. to be able to offer a greater acceleration.

An exemplary combination of particularly advantageous hybrid powertrains are the embodiments of the DE 10 2010 052 262 B4 (Patentee: Hofer-PDC GmbH, filing date: 23.11.2010). This document may serve as a starting point for further consideration and presentation of the technical background.

State of the art

An electrically variable transmission with prime movers and a number of electric motor-generator units using a planetary gear is in the US Pat. No. 7,867,124 B2 (Patent owner: GM Global Technology Operations, Inc., filing date: 10.09.2007). Through the use of clutches and brakes, the individual drive or generator units can be switched to the planetary gear to different transmission operations, such. B. to be able to make a load distribution, an exclusive electric drive and an operation under the aspect of increasing efficiency.

As a way of coupling of individual components of the transmission claw couplings are repeatedly mentioned in the intellectual property literature.

In the EP 1 910 117 B1 (Patentee: Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA, priority date: 02.05.2005), it is proposed to fix individual shafts with six jaw clutches. As can be seen from the figures, which are likely in the EP 1 910 117 B1 proposed transmission a higher require mechanical effort and in terms of the number of components to be installed overall higher effort.

The US Pat. No. 7,195,574 B2 (Patent owner: Ford Global Technologies, LLC; priority date: 21.05.2003) shows how two planetary gears nested with two claw couplings can be coupled to idler gears via connected shafts.

Also the US 2014/171 247 A1 (Applicant: D. Puiu et al., Filing date: 18.12.2012) deals with the detachability of two planetary gears, which are to be coupled to each other depending on the operation of the electric machines.

The DE 10 2010 028 026 A1 (Applicant: ZF Friedrichshafen AG, filing date: 21.04.2010), which proposes to connect two electric machines to shafts of a helical gearbox, shows the widespread opinion that a separate dog clutch is necessary for each shift position. Deviating from this suggests the US Pat. No. 7,690,459 B2 (Patent owner: Ford Global Technologies, LLC, filing date: 30.08.2006), in the case of front-wheel gears seated on a shaft, the choice of which spur gear to couple to the shaft can be realized by means of a two-sided engageable claw coupling.

In transmissions that are to be installed as part of a hybrid drive, especially in passenger vehicles, is always early to consider how to design the installation and the required space for the transmission.

Structured partial transmission concepts can be the US Pat. No. 6,719,655 B2 (Patent owner: ZF Friedrichshafen, priority date: 24.10.2001) and the DE 10 2013 112 388 A1 (Applicant: hofer research and development GmbH, filing date: 11.11.2013). In both descriptions housing bell-like flange housing are shown, which provide space for a first drive planetary gear arranged and a subsequent spur gear or a dual clutch transmission.

In addition, numerous approaches and aspects for designing a hybrid drive in the DE 10 2013 112 388 A1 (Applicant: hofer research and development GmbH, filing date: 11.11.2013). The document describes a hybrid drive with an internal combustion engine and various electric machines, wherein the internal combustion engine is aufschaltbar by a dog clutch to a subsequent transmission. A power flow is controllable by means of a planetary gear. The transmission can be divided into two different partial transmissions.

As already mentioned above, an extremely interesting solution of a power shift transmission and a hybrid arrangement with power split can be the embodiments of the DE 10 2010 052 262 B4 (Patent owner: Hofer-PDC GmbH, filing date: 23.11.2010). In some of the embodiments arrangements of components of a drive train are shown, in which with two electric machines, which are connected upstream of a spur gear, a variety of configurations of the operation are possible.

A compact design of this powertrain is u. a. characterized in that the at least two electric machines are arranged side by side or even nested, of which the output side a spur gear with a countershaft leads kraftschlussmäßig.

The description and representation of the associated patent application with the publication file sign DE 10 2010 052 262 A1 It is intended that instead of a full disclosure of the specification of that patent be incorporated herein to explain the basic arrangement and design variants of the present invention.

task

Employee of the patentee of the DE 10 2010 052 262 B4 The question arose whether the forward - looking concept of DE 10 2010 052 262 B4 Potential for improvement could have. Such a potential could be to create even greater flexibility. Space requirements are in the implementation of the concept of DE 10 2010 052 262 B4 to consider as a powertrain for a specific motor vehicle. Even such requirements lead to the inventive teaching of DE 10 2010 052 262 B4 could require an adjustment.

So the question arises, how can the doctrine of the DE 10 2010 052 262 B4 adapted to possibly even create an even more suitable powertrain.

invention description

The object of the invention is achieved by a hybrid drive according to claim 1. The object of the invention is also achieved by the switch positions according to claim 15. Advantageous developments can be found in the dependent claims.

The present invention is concerned with the design of a hybrid drive or a drive train, which is equipped with different drive motors, preferably different types of energy. Such a hybrid drive creates the opportunity to use different drive energy sources. So z. B. a diesel-electric hybrid thanks to the present invention are designed as well as a LPG electric hybrid drive.

The various drive sources or drive motors are connected to each other via a transmission. The transmission with its shift positions and shift variants makes it possible to bring one or the other drive motor alone or in combination with other drive motors torque directly or indirectly or directly or translated to the output road wheels.

The transmission offers the possibility of branching the power flow through the transmission. This means that not all the input power from an engine needs to be transmitted to the wheels in all operating conditions, even when geared to the wheels, but at least some of the power can be extracted from the powertrain and z. B. in electric buffers such as accumulators with preferably quick charging capabilities (intermediate) are stored. The power of the drive train is thus branched in the transmission and possibly applied to two or three different machines or power take-offs.

The transmission is advantageously also power shiftable. Even under load, switching changes can be made. Ideally, there is no interruption of traction due to a switching operation.

The transmission is subdivided into partial transmissions, at least in a functional sense. If the gearbox is subdivided into partial gearboxes, favorable separation and design lines are available. A shiftable transmission is the power flow and / or torque flow downstream or on the output side closer transmission. This can be referred to as a second partial transmission. Such a transmission can, for. B. be a Stirnradnebenwellengetriebe. The partial transmission has a certain number of intermeshing spur gears, preferably two mutually meshing spur gears, which can be coupled by means of claw sleeves flow-wise to a loose-wheel bearing shaft or to another connecting shaft. In addition to a main wave, which can also be referred to as the central shaft, there is at least one side wave, possibly also several side waves such. B. two secondary or countershafts.

Coming from the internal combustion engine upstream of the second partial transmission is the first partial transmission, which is a power split transmission. The combination of the two partial transmissions provides at least one switching position of the switching elements, in which the power flow passes from the first partial transmission into the second partial transmission. At least in this shift position, the upstream power split transmission is a transmission which transmits at least a portion of the power input to the Stirnradnebenwellengetriebe.

Power split transmissions can be realized in many forms. One possibility is to use hydrostatics. Mechanically particularly reliable and compact are differential gear in planetary gear design. The epicyclic gear works at differential speeds.

If torques and / or powers are introduced via two rotational bodies of the differential gear, a differential speed, a differential power or a differential torque can be derived by means of an output which is connected to a further element of the differential gear.

The hybrid drive can obtain its drive power from three different drive motors. Depending on the clutch between the partial transmissions torque and / or power can be initiated at different points of the differential gear. The flow directions for torque and / or power through the transmission vary depending on connections between the partial transmissions and the Operating conditions of the engines. Two of the engines, of which at least one, preferably both, can be operated both as a drive motor and as an electric generator, are rotatably and / or rotationally fixed to a shaft of the central shaft comprising at least two shafts. Indirectly or directly there is a coupling between the output and / or drive shaft of an engine with one shaft and the other engine with the other shaft. The two shafts run coaxially in the same direction, ie in the interior of the Stirnradnebenwellengetriebes.

At the transition point between the two partial transmissions is a jaw switching element. The claw switching element can produce different shift positions of the transmission. By means of the jaw switching element, the two partial transmissions are interconnected in different ways. The jaw switching element should have at least two different switching positions in which a power flow connection is made via the jaw switching element. Particularly compact is the connection of the two partial transmission with each other when the jaw switching element has more than two switching positions, z. B. three or four switch positions. A power flow connection is made between one of the rotational bodies of the power split transmission in a switching position of the claw switching element with one of the shafts of the second partial transmission, for. B. the Stirnradnebenwellengetriebes. One of the shift positions represents a power flow connection between the sun gear of the power split transmission and the outer shaft.

If the transmission is composed of two partial transmissions which can be mechanically coupled and disconnected in different ways and / or parts of the transmissions with one another, then a wide variety of switching positions can be achieved, ie. H. a change from a shift position to the next shift position can be achieved as a result of a shift sequence. A method for operating the hybrid drive is based on the fact that it is possible to change between shift positions within the context of shift sequences. The power split transmission can, for. B. may be such a planetary gear, which is blockable. The second partial transmission is u. a. by its load switching ability. The jaw switching element is advantageously designed like a sleeve and can preferably be moved along the axes of the two shafts. The claw sleeve as part of the jaw switching element can occupy at least two switching positions between an abortive rotational body of the power split transmission and at least one of the shafts of the mutually extending double shaft, the coaxial central shaft. By a pushing or sliding movement z. B. as a jaw sleeve alternately switched.

In the following, advantageous embodiments and developments are set forth, which in themselves, both individually and in combination, can also disclose inventive aspects.

In a preferred embodiment, an internal combustion engine is present in the hybrid drive according to the invention as a further drive machine.

Preferably, at least one of the two combustion engines is arranged between the internal combustion engine and the shiftable transmission in terms of power flow and / or torque flow. Particularly preferred is their engagement in the force and / or torque flow.

A direction of rotation reversal is preferably made possible in comparison with a direction of rotation of a shaft leading out of the internal combustion engine, in that the second engine provides a forward and a reverse run. In this case, electrical energy for driving the second engine can be obtained from a generator operation of the first engine, which is rotated by a shaft driven by the internal combustion engine.

The differential gear can take a switching position of a reversal of rotation, whereby a direction of rotation of a shaft driven by the internal combustion engine can be reversed.

Preferably, the claw switching element may be a coupling member between the first partial transmission and the second partial transmission. As a result, at least in a switching position, a force and / or torque flow path can be produced from the first partial transmission to the second partial transmission.

In a further embodiment of the hybrid drive, the second engine is connected to an outer shaft of the coaxial central shaft or mounted (at least indirectly).

By contrast, the first engine is preferably connected to a ring gear of the differential gear.

The power split transmission may be a two-stage planetary gear whose power flow direction preferably extends from the ring gear through planets to the sun gear. The sun gear can be connected to and disconnected from the central shaft by means of the claw switching element.

In the planetary gear used, the force can also flow in the direction of the ring gear via planet on planet carrier.

In a further embodiment of the hybrid drive, the claw switching element can be switched so d. H. be brought into such a switching position in which a block circulation of the power split transmission, in particular of the differential gear, is made.

With the jaw switching element, an alternating connection of an abortive rotating body of the power split transmission is possible. The abortive rotating body may in particular be part of a planetary gear. Preferably, a component of the jaw switching element is longitudinally displaceable, wherein preferably a sleeve of the jaw switching element is mounted displaceably in the longitudinal direction.

As a shiftable transmission, in particular as Stirnradnebenwellengetriebe, a at least two, preferably three or four claw switching elements comprehensive Windungsgetriebe is used. In the gearbox, in particular, the outer shaft of the central shaft is present as a two-part shaft, wherein at least one of two partial shafts can be shifted by a claw switching element.

The shiftable transmission, in particular the Stirnradnebenwellengetriebe, may have such gear pairings that provide geometric gradations in the ratios between the gears.

In the hybrid drive, a claw connector may be provided, which is in particular part of the jaw switching element, which has four switching positions. Of these four switching positions in particular a first switching position causes a blocking of the power split transmission, which is in particular a planetary gear. A second switching position causes, preferably in a neutral position, an exclusively electric drive mode. A third switching position causes a combinatorial drive by the internal combustion engine and at least one of the engines. Finally, preferably, a fourth shift position causes a reversal of rotation of a driven gear of the Stirnradnebenwellengetriebes.

In one embodiment of the hybrid drive both engines can be next to each other, preferably arranged in a converter and / or clutch bell, and are located between the internal combustion engine and the shiftable transmission.

In a preferred embodiment of a shifting sequence, internal and / or external toothing, in particular in the form of a toothed ring, can be brought into engagement with rotational bodies of the power-split transmission and / or of the shiftable transmission on the claw sleeve by longitudinal movement, such that a first operating mode of the hybrid drive is engaged can be changed to a second mode of hybrid drive.

The previously described combinations and exemplary embodiments can also be considered in numerous other connections and combinations.

Brief Description

The present invention may be better understood by reference to the accompanying figures, which set forth by way of example particularly advantageous design possibilities without restricting the present invention thereto

1 FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a drive or drive train with typical symbols used by transmission designers, FIG.

2 shows a second embodiment of a drive train in a schematic representation, which is similar to 1 is

3 shows a third embodiment of a drive, similar to the 1 and 2 is and

4 a fourth embodiment of a drive train shows the 1 to 3 functionally similar.

figure description

1 shows with symbols that are familiar to transmission developers, a first drive 1 , The drive 1 includes an internal combustion engine 3 as the first drive source. In addition, the drive has 1 a first electric machine 5 and a second electric machine 7 , The two electric machines 5 . 7 are also sources of power or torque and torque machines. Due to the different drive machines, but also in the case of electric machines 5 . 7 can be operated as generators, the drive 1 referred to as hybrid drive.

The prime movers like the internal combustion engine 3 and the electric machines 5 . 7 are about the gearbox 9 connected with each other. The gear 9 allows the individual drive machines to rotate. The rotation of a prime mover can - depending on the shift position of the transmission 9 - affect the other drive machines.

The gear 9 can be at least in the functional sense in two sub-transmission 11 . 13 divide. The first partial transmission 11 can be the task of a power split transmission 15 take. This is the first partial transmission 11 as a differential gear 17 educated. As in 1 shown, can be a differential gear 17 favorable by a planetary gear 19 realize.

The second partial transmission 13 is a spur gear secondary shaft gear 23 , In the Stirnradnebenwellengetriebe 23 There are individual spur gears that go to gear pairings 81 . 83 . 85 are composed. One of the spur gears of a gear pair superimposed, in particular as idler gear, on a secondary shaft. The secondary shaft is also the output element 91 , ie the secondary shaft is the output shaft. The spur gear secondary shaft transmission 23 centered around the central shaft 25 , The central shaft 25 includes the outer shaft 27 and the inner wave 29 , The outer wave 27 and the inner wave 29 are - at least in part - coaxial waves 27 . 29 , which together form the double-headed central shaft 25 form.

In the Stirnradnebenwellengetriebe 23 There are switching elements, such as the second switching element 35 , the third switching element 37 and the fourth switching element 39 , The switching elements 33 . 35 . 37 . 39 are designed as claw switching elements with toothings or toothed rings on an inner side or an outer side of the sleeve-like or sleeve-like, in particular elongated shape. For the switching elements 33 . 35 . 37 . 39 there are opposing teeth 41 . 43 . 45 . 47 . 49 . 51 . 53 . 55 . 57 at the to the respective switching element 33 . 35 . 37 . 39 corresponding component.

The first partial transmission 11 and the second partial transmission 13 are arranged under a housing that serves as a converter bell 59 can be described.

The first partial transmission 11 has a first rotation body 31 and a second rotary body 61 , The force F or the directed force flow F → (F _vector ) is in a drive mode of the internal combustion engine 3 on the first rotation body 31 led to from there over planets 69 on planet carriers 65 to the second rotation body 61 to get. In the case of a power split the output takes place via the rotary body 61 as well as the planet carrier 65 , The internal combustion engine 3 is over a motor shaft 93 with the ring gear 63 of the planetary gear 19 mechanically firmly coupled. The planetary gear 19 is a planetary gearbox that has two different sets of wheelsets. The ring gear 63 meshes with the teeth of a first planetary gear set 71 , The teeth of the first planetary gear set 71 combing with the teeth of the gears of a second planetary gear set 73 , Such a planetary gear 19 can also be referred to as a two-stage planetary gear or as a double planetary gear. About the individual planetary gear stages of the first planetary gear set 71 and the second planetary gear set 73 can be a torque from the ring gear 63 to the hollow sun wheel 77 reach. Equally, torque can be transmitted through the planet carrier 65 be discharged.

Due to the claw connector 89 having four stages I to IV, of which the second stage II in 1 can be seen, the different sources of power through the planetary gear 19 be switched through.

Possible switching positions of the switching elements 33 (Claw 1 - K1), 35 (Claw 2 - K2), 37 (Claw 3 - K3), 39 (Claw 4 - K4) shows the following table:

The internal combustion engine 3 turns over the motor shaft 93 and its connection to the ring gear 63 this immediately and without translation. The first electric machine 5 is mechanically fixed to the planet carrier 65 connected. The planet carrier 65 flows into the inner wave 29 , The first electric machine 5 can so directly and directly the inner wave 29 drive. The outer wave 27 , which is actually an outer shaft divided into two parts, is in direct communication with the second electric machine 7 , The claw connector 89 can depending on the switch position connections between the prime movers and connected to these components of the differential gear 17 produce.

In the in 1 shown switching position II is the switching sleeve part of the claw connector 89 only with the sun gear 77 engaged. There is no connection between the planet carrier 65 or the inner shaft 29 and other mating teeth 43 . 45 . 47 of the claw connector 89 , The sun wheel 77 is freely rotatable. The gear ratio of the gearbox 9 results from the selected gear pairing 81 . 83 . 85 in the second partial transmission 13 , The drive 1 is in a purely electromotive drive state.

Moves the sliding sleeve of the claw connector 89 in the left position, ie in the switching position I, z. B. from the switching position II, there is a connection between the sun gear 77 and the inner shaft 29 , The internal combustion engine 3 is in a connection X with the first electric machine 5 , It offers the opportunity to z. B. to realize a serial hybrid drive. In this serial hybrid drive drives the internal combustion engine 3 the first electric machine 5 at. The electric machine 5 can be in a regenerative mode. The generated electrical energy can - possibly buffered via an electrochemical storage - to drive the second electric machine 7 be used.

Will the sliding sleeve of the claw connector 89 moved to the right adjacent position to the switching position II, ie in the switching position III, so there is the sun 77 over the claw connector 89 with the outer shaft 27 , So the hollow shaft in a rotationally fixed connection. The planetary gear 19 is in an unblocked state. The drive 1 can be operated in a power-split gear. It can also be started branched off.

Will the sliding sleeve of the claw connector 89 in the turn to the first right next adjacent position (switch position III) spent more switching position IV, so creates the jaw connector 89 a connection between the outer shaft 27 and the inner shaft 29 , About the connection to the inner shaft 29 turns the planet carrier 65 at the same speed as the sun gear 77 , There is a block circulation of the planetary gear 19 in front. For the translation are only the switching stages of the second sub-transmission 13 to disposal. The spur gear secondary shaft transmission 23 determines with its gear ratios the possible gear ratios of the transmission 9 ,

The spur gear secondary shaft transmission 23 has three gear pairings 81 . 83 . 85 , The gear pairings can be designed so that the first gear pairing 81 designed for immediate translation into third gear (G3). The second gear pairing 83 is designed for immediate translation into fifth gear (G5). The third gear pairing 85 is designed for immediate translation into seventh gear (G7). By a turn of the force or torque flow over the gear pairing first of the second gear pairing 83 , then via the third gear pairing 85 and finally on the first gear pairing 81 a gear ratio for a first gear (G1) can be achieved. It is from the central shaft 25 ("Gone" -) wound, then back to the central shaft 25 , more precisely, the outer shaft 27 ( "Back" -) zuwinden.

As is clear from the description of 1 results, all possible combinations with the four switching elements 31 . 33 . 35 . 37 . 39 be set. 1 shows a hybrid drive 1 that works with only three gear pairs in the spur gearbox 23 offering seven gears both in the forward direction and optionally in the reverse direction.

2 shows a hybrid drive 101 , due to his arrangements of the internal combustion engine 103 , the first electric machine 105 and the second electric machine 107 especially short builds, but slightly wider. The core of the transmission 109 essentially corresponds to the core of the transmission 9 (S. 1 ).

Therefore, whole passages are to the description too 1 completely on the 2 transferred by the fact that in 1 used reference number increased by 100 2 be transmitted.

The internal combustion engine 103 lies in alignment with the central shaft 125 , Between internal combustion engine 103 and central shaft 125 is the planetary gear 119 interposed. That of the internal combustion engine 103 over its motor shaft 193 in the planetary gear 119 introduced torque follows the power flow direction F → (F _vector ). The torque of the motor shaft 193 is on the first rotation body 131 guided. The first rotation body 131 of the first partial transmission 111 is a ring gear 163 , Outside the ring gear 163 is the stator winding of the first electric machine 105 arranged. The stator winding of the first electric machine 105 can drive a rotor in motor operation, in a planet carrier 165 passes. Toward the axis on which the central shaft 125 and the motor shaft 193 run, so in the vicinity of an inner wave 129 there is a second body of revolution 161 that as sun wheel 177 is designed. Between the ring gear 163 and the sun wheel 177 are planets 169 for force and / or torque transmission and for the summation or differentiation of rotational speeds available. The planets 169 store on the planet carriers 165 ,

The compact arrangement of the hybrid drive 101 allows the placement of all components such as the internal combustion engine 103 , the electric machine 105 , the electric machine 107 , The gear 109 with its two partial transmissions 111 . 113 and the elements of the inner circuit such as the switching elements 133 . 135 . 137 . 138 within an overall housing, in particular in the form of a transducer bell 159 , The components of the transmission 109 So the components of the first sub-transmission 111 and the components of the second partial transmission 113 , are used by the prime mover internal combustion engine 103 , Electric machine 105 and electric machine 107 edged so that the converter bell 159 can be formed by the assembled housing of the drive machines.

The second partial transmission 113 is a spur gear secondary shaft gear 123 that is the power split transmission 115 is downstream. The spur gear secondary shaft transmission 123 arranges around the central shaft 125 around. The central shaft 125 is made up of an outer shaft 127 and an inner wave 129 together.

A claw connector 189 creates in dependence of its switching positions I, II, III, IV connections between the first partial transmission 111 and the second partial transmission 113 , Using gear pairings 181 . 183 . 185 . 187 can the translations and thus the moments in the Stirnradnebenwellengetriebe 123 be adjusted differently to the output element 191 the output shaft or secondary shaft to be discharged.

The second switching element 135 , the third switching element 137 and the fourth switching element 138 each have three switching positions, the first switching position I ^I , I ^II , I ^III , the second switching position II ^I , II ^II , II ^III and the third switching position III ^I , III ^II , III ^III . The second switching element 135 can alternately one half of the outer shaft 127 (eg left partial wave or left half wave) with the inner shaft 129 or the other half of the outer shaft 127 (eg right part shaft or left half shaft) with the inner shaft 129 connect, z. B. via a Festradgegenverzahnung. Similarly, the third switching element provide 137 and the fourth switching element 139 Coupling possibilities in the switch positions, which differ from the neutral positions between an outer countershaft and an inner countershaft, which at the same time the output element 191 is.

The second electric machine 107 is an electric machine that operates with a smaller torque than the electric machine 7 (S. 1 ). The electric machine 107 is a high-speed electric machine, that is, it is an electric machine that can rotate at more than 10,000 revolutions / minute. This design can be compensated by means of a transmission gear. The torque that comes from the electric machine 107 in the transmission 109 is to be introduced, passes through at least one gear pair 187 on the central shaft 125 , more precisely to the outer shaft 127 the central shaft 125 ,

3 shows a hybrid drive 201 , The hybrid drive 201 is similar to the hybrid drives in many components 1 . 101 after the 1 and 2 , On the head is an internal combustion engine 203 arranged, showing their driving power on the rotating body 231 , which is a ring gear, can initiate. The two electric machines 205 . 207 also direct their torques at that end of the central shaft 225 a, adjacent to the internal combustion engine 203 is arranged. This is the end of the central shaft 225 , which is the nearest end of the central shaft 225 to the internal combustion engine 203 is. The electric machines 205 . 207 are associated with one wave each 227 . 229 the central shaft 225 ,

The gear 209 is composed of the first partial transmission 211 and the second partial transmission 213 together. The two partial transmissions 211 . 213 make the (overall) gear 209 out. The first partial transmission 211 is the power split transmission 215 , The second partial transmission 213 is a spur gear secondary shaft gear 223 , The power split transmission 215 differs from the power split transmission 15 insofar as there are two sun gears 277 . 279 having. The wheelset of the power split transmission 215 is about a second sun, the Izweiten sun 279 , extended with the planets 269 . 269 the first stage is engaged. This results in a full mechanical reverse gear through the power split transmission 215 ,

The hybrid drive 201 , more precisely, the gearbox 209 also offers four switch positions I, II, III, IV. Inside the sun gears 277 . 279 is the claw connector 289 arranged, which can switch by shifting between the switch positions I, II, III, IV. The socket part of the claw connector 289 is intended to be permanently engaged with the third opposing tooth 245 to stand on the inside of the outer shaft 227 is arranged. Further toothings as counter teeth 241 . 243 are located on the sun wheels 277 . 279 , The part of the claw connector 289 , which is the sliding sleeve, so should always be engaged with the outer shaft 227 are located. By axial displacement, a true engagement with a sun, a sun gear 277 or 279 , with both sun wheels 277 . 279 or with none of the sun gears 277 . 279 getting produced.

In the neutral switching position, the claw connector is in such a position that only one engagement with the counter teeth 245 is done. This is a purely electric drive thanks to the electric machine 205 . 207 allows. Will the claw connector 289 placed in such a position that the first sun wheel 277 about the counter teeth 241 engaged with the claw connector 289 stands while the claw connector 289 about the counter teeth 245 with the outer shaft 227 Connected, split-engine driving is possible. Will the mating teeth first Gegenzahnung 241 and second counter teeth 243 over the claw connector 289 Blocked, so is a blocked operation of the power split transmission 215 possible.

Through the gear pairings 281 . 283 . 285 offers the Spurradnewellenwellengetriebe 223 three gear ratios, ideally geared for gears 3 (G3), 5 (G5) and 7 (G7). The remaining gears can as intermediate passages through the power split transmission 215 will be realized. In addition, there is a Windungsmöglichkeit by the Stirnradnebenwellengetriebe 223 So that this offers the first gear (G1). A person skilled in the art understands that other suitable gradations for the gear ratios can be selected, for. B. second (G2), fourth (G4) and sixth gear (G6).

The second electric machine 207 can be part of the spur gear transmission 223 so be a clutch bell 259 about this part of the transmission 209 can be placed.

4 shows a hybrid drive 301 with two partial transmissions 311 . 313 , each one a planetary gear 319 . 321 to have. Shown in 4 is also the second rotation body 361 of the first partial transmission 311 with which the claw connector 389 engaged. The drive torques are from the prime mover internal combustion engine 303 , first electric machine 305 and second electric machine 307 either in the first planetary gear 319 or in the outer wave 327 the central shaft 325 initiated. The translation for the torque on the output element 391 results from the switching positions of the switching elements 333 . 335 . 337 , The switching element 333 is a claw connector 389 , The claw connector 389 corresponds in its construction to the claw connector 89 , The explanations to the first partial transmission 11 to 1 settle for the transmission 4 transferred immediately. To avoid repetition, please refer to the claw connectors 389 and the planetary gear 319 to the explanations of the claw connector 89 and the power split transmission 15 or planetary gear 19 (each 1 ).

The central shaft 325 splits into outer wave 327 and inner wave 329 , The outer wave 327 flows into the sun wheel 378 , The inner wave 329 flows into the sun wheel 379 ,

The effect of the individual switch positions I, I ^I , I ^II , II, II ^I , II ^II , III, III ^I , IV for the switching elements 333 . 335 . 337 is shown in the following table. The ring gears and / or planet carrier 365 . 367 thanks to the switching elements 335 . 337 be set and / or blocked.

The design options shown in the individual figures can also be interconnected in any form.

It is thus understandable that the counter-teeth placed on the interior or on the exterior of the respective counter-elements are like the first counter-toothing 41 . 241 , second counter teeth 43 . 243 , third counter-toothing 45 . 245 , fourth counter-toothing 47 , fifth counter-toothing 49 also - depending on the design of the claw sleeve - can be arranged on the exterior or the interior of the counter-elements.

Possible switching positions of the switching elements 333 (Claw 1 - K1), 335 (Claw 2 - K2), 337 (Claw 3 - K3) shows the following table:

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1, 101, 201, 301

 hybrid drive

3, 103, 203, 303

 Internal combustion engine

5, 105, 205, 305

 first electric machine, in particular a motor-generator machine

7, 107, 207, 307

 second electric machine, in particular a motor-generator machine

9, 109, 209

 transmission

11, 111, 211, 311

 first partial transmission

13, 113, 213, 313

 second partial transmission

15, 115, 215

 Power split transmission

17

 differential gear

19, 119, 319

 Planetary gear, in particular first planetary gear

321

 Planetary gear, in particular second planetary gear

23, 123, 223

 Stirnradnebenwellengetriebe

25, 125, 225, 325

 central shaft

27, 127, 227, 327

 outer shaft

29, 129, 229, 329

 inner wave

31, 131, 231

 first body of revolution, such as a ring gear

33, 133, 333

 first switching element, in particular claw switching element

35, 135, 335

 second switching element, in particular claw switching element

37, 137, 337

 third switching element, in particular claw switching element

39, 139

 fourth switching element, in particular claw switching element

41, 241

 Gegenzahnung, in particular first Gegenzahnung

43, 243

 Gegenzahnung, especially second Gegenzahnung

45, 245

 Counter teeth, in particular third counter teeth

47

 Counter teeth, in particular fourth counter teeth

49

 Gegenzahnung, in particular fifth Gegenzahnung

51

 Counter teeth, in particular sixth counter teeth

53

 Counter teeth, especially seventh counter teeth

55

 Counter teeth, especially eighth counter teeth

57

 Counter teeth, especially ninth counter teeth

59, 159, 259

 Converter and / or clutch bell

61, 161, 361

 second body of revolution, like a sun wheel

63, 163

 ring gear

65, 165, 365

 Planet carrier, in particular first planet carrier

367

 Planet carrier, in particular second planet carrier

69, 169, 269, 269 ^I

 planet

71

 first planetary gear set

73

 second planetary set

375

 third planetary set

77, 177, 277

 Sun wheel, in particular first sun gear

378

 sun

279, 379

 Sun wheel, especially second sun gear

81, 181, 281

 first gear pairing

83, 183, 283

 second gear pairing

85, 185, 285

 third gear pairing

187

 fourth gear pairing

89, 189, 289, 389

 claw connector

91, 191, 391

 Output element, such as output gear or output shaft

93, 193

 motor shaft

I, I ^I, I ^II, I ^III

first switching position

II, II ^I , II ^II , II ^III

 second switch position

III, III ^I , III ^II , III ^III

third shift position

IV

 fourth shift position

X

 Compound, in particular engaged connection

F →

Force flow direction (in the sense of a vector)

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102010052262 B4 [0006, 0016, 0019, 0019, 0019, 0019, 0020]
• US 7867124 B2 [0007]
• EP 1910117 B1 [0009, 0009]
• US 7195574 B2 [0010]
• US 2014/171247 A1 [0011]
• DE 102010028026 A1 [0012]
• US 7690459 B2 [0012]
• US Pat. No. 6,719,655 B2 [0014]
• DE 102013112388 A1 [0014, 0015]
• DE 102010052262 A1 [0018]

Claims (16)

Hybrid drive ( 1 . 101 . 201 . 301 ), with a power split, power shift transmission ( 9 . 109 . 209 . 311 . 313 ), which is a switchable transmission ( 13 . 113 . 213 . 313 ), in particular in the form of a second partial transmission ( 13 . 113 . 213 . 313 ), such as a spur 23 . 123 . 223 ) with a coaxial central shaft ( 25 . 125 . 225 . 325 ) and a driving the shiftable transmission ( 13 . 113 . 213 . 313 ), such as the spur gear secondary shaft gear ( 23 . 123 . 223 ), upstream power split transmission ( 15 . 115 . 215 ), in particular in the form of a first partial transmission ( 11 . 111 . 211 . 311 ), which preferably in its execution a differential gear ( 17 ) in planetary gear design ( 19 . 119 . 319 . 321 ) functionally equivalent, and with at least two engines ( 3 . 5 . 7 . 103 . 103 . 105 . 107 . 203 . 205 . 207 . 303 . 305 . 307 ) preferably at least two electric motors usable as a drive motor and / or as a generator ( 5 . 7 . 105 . 107 . 205 . 207 . 305 . 307 ) each rotatable and / or rotationally fixed with a shaft ( 27 . 29 . 127 . 129 . 227 . 229 . 327 . 329 ) of the coaxial central shaft ( 25 . 125 . 225 . 325 ) are connectable or engageable, characterized in that a claw switching element ( 33 . 35 . 37 . 39 . 133 . 135 . 137 . 139 . 333 . 335 . 337 ), in particular a first claw switching element ( 33 . 133 . 333 ), with several switch positions (I, I ^I , I ^II , I ^III , II, II ^I , II ^II , II ^III , III, III ^I , III ^II , III ^III , IV), ie in particular at least two or three switch positions, as a force flux connector (X) between a rotary body ( 31 . 61 . 131 . 161 . 231 . 361 ) of the power split transmission ( 15 . 115 . 215 ) like a sun wheel ( 77 . 177 . 277 . 279 . 378 . 379 ) and one of the waves ( 27 . 29 . 127 . 129 . 227 . 229 . 327 . 329 ) of the central shaft ( 25 . 125 . 225 . 325 ) is arranged. Hybrid drive ( 1 . 101 . 201 . 301 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that as a further drive machine an internal combustion engine ( 3 . 103 . 203 . 303 ), preferably at least one of the two power machines ( 5 . 7 . 105 . 107 . 205 . 207 . 305 . 307 ) between the internal combustion engine ( 3 . 103 . 203 . 303 ) and the shiftable transmission ( 9 . 109 . 209 . 311 . 313 ), in particular in the force (F →) and / or torque flow einkuppelbar, is placed. Hybrid drive ( 1 . 101 . 201 . 301 ) according to claim 2, characterized in that a direction of rotation reversal in comparison with a direction of rotation of one of the internal combustion engine ( 3 . 103 . 203 . 303 ) leading out wave ( 93 . 193 ) can be produced by the fact that the second engine ( 7 . 107 . 207 . 307 ) offers a forward and a reverse run, wherein an electrical energy for driving the second engine ( 7 . 107 . 207 . 307 ) from a generator operation of the first engine ( 5 . 105 . 205 . 305 ), one of the internal combustion engine ( 3 . 103 . 203 . 303 ) driven shaft ( 93 . 193 ), is available. Hybrid drive ( 1 ) according to one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the differential gear ( 17 ) can be brought into a switching position (I, II, III, IV) of a direction of rotation reversal, by which a direction of rotation of a shaft driven by the internal combustion engine ( 27 . 29 ) is to be reversed. Hybrid drive ( 1 . 101 . 201 . 301 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the claw switching element ( 33 . 133 . 333 ) as a coupling member between the first partial transmission ( 11 . 111 . 211 . 311 ) and the second partial transmission ( 13 . 113 . 213 . 313 ), whereby in at least one switching position (I, I ^I , I ^II , I ^III , III, III ^I , III ^II , III ^III , IV) a force and / or torque flow path from the first partial transmission ( 11 . 111 . 211 . 311 ) on the second partial transmission ( 13 . 113 . 213 . 313 ) can be produced. Hybrid drive ( 1 . 101 . 201 . 301 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second engine ( 7 . 107 . 207 . 307 ) on an outer shaft ( 27 . 127 . 227 . 327 ) of the coaxial central shaft ( 25 . 125 . 225 . 325 ) and preferably the first engine ( 5 ) on a ring gear ( 31 . 63 ) of the differential gear ( 17 ) is angeängt. Hybrid drive ( 1 . 101 . 201 . 301 ) according to claim 6, characterized in that the power split transmission ( 15 . 115 ) a two-stage planetary gear ( 19 . 119 ) whose force flow direction (F →) is preferably from the ring gear ( 63 . 163 ) over planets ( 69 . 71 . 73 . 169 ) on the sun wheel ( 77 . 177 ) is provided, wherein the sun gear ( 77 . 177 ) by claw switching element ( 33 . 133 ) to the central shaft ( 25 . 125 ) is on and uncoupled. Hybrid drive ( 1 . 101 . 201 . 301 ) according to one of the preceding claims 6 or 7, characterized in that a force flow direction (F →) of the ring gear ( 63 . 163 ) over planets ( 69 . 169 ) on planet carriers ( 65 . 165 ) is provided. Hybrid drive ( 1 . 101 . 201 . 301 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the claw switching element ( 31 . 131 . 231 ) in a switching position (IV) can be brought, in which a block circulation of the power split transmission ( 15 . 115 . 215 ), in particular of the differential gear ( 17 ). Hybrid drive ( 1 . 101 . 201 . 301 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the claw switching element ( 31 . 131 . 231 ) for an alternating connection of an abortive rotation body ( 61 . 161 . 361 ) of the power split transmission ( 15 . 115 . 215 ), in particular in the form of a planetary gear ( 19 . 119 . 319 . 321 ), in particular longitudinally displaceable, preferably using a sleeve, is configured. Hybrid drive ( 1 . 101 . 201 . 301 ) according to one of the preceding claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the switchable transmission ( 9 . 109 . 209 . 311 . 313 ), in particular the Stirnradnebenwellengetriebe ( 23 . 123 . 223 ), at least two, preferably three or four claw switching elements ( 33 . 35 . 37 . 39 . 133 . 135 . 137 . 139 . 333 . 335 . 337 ) is comprehensive Windungsgetriebe, in which in particular the outer shaft ( 27 . 127 . 227 . 327 ) of the central shaft ( 25 . 125 . 225 . 325 ) is present as a two-part wave, wherein at least one of two partial waves by a claw switching element ( 35 . 135 ) is switchable. Hybrid drive ( 1 . 101 . 201 . 301 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switchable transmission ( 9 . 109 . 209 . 311 . 313 ), in particular the Stirnradnebenwellengetriebe ( 23 . 123 . 223 ), Gear pairings ( 81 . 83 . 85 . 181 . 183 . 185 . 187 . 281 . 283 . 285 ), which provide geometric gradations between gears. Hybrid drive ( 1 . 101 . 201 . 301 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a claw connector ( 89 . 189 . 289 . 389 ), in particular part of the claw switching element ( 33 . 133 . 333 ), four switch positions (I, I ^I , I ^II , I ^III , II, II ^I , II ^II , II ^III , III, III ^I , III ^II , III ^III , IV), of which in particular a switching position (I , I ^I , I ^II , I ^III ) a blockage of the power split transmission ( 15 . 115 . 215 ), in particular in the form of the planetary gear ( 19 . 119 . 319 . 321 ), causes a further switching position (II, II ^I , II ^II , II ^III ,), preferably in a neutral position, causes an exclusively electric drive mode, another switching position (III, III ^I , III ^II , III ^III ), a combinatorial Drive through the internal combustion engine ( 3 . 103 . 203 . 303 ) and at least one of the engines ( 5 . 7 . 105 . 107 . 205 . 207 . 305 . 307 ) and preferably a further switching position (IV) reversing the direction of rotation of a driven gear ( 91 . 191 ) of the Stirnradnebenwellengetriebes ( 23 . 123 . 223 ) causes. Hybrid drive ( 1 . 101 . 201 . 301 ) according to one of the preceding claims 2 to 13, characterized in that both engines ( 5 . 7 . 105 . 107 . 205 . 207 . 305 . 307 ) lying side by side, preferably in a converter and / or clutch bell ( 59 . 159 . 259 ), between the internal combustion engine ( 3 . 103 . 203 . 303 ) and the shiftable transmission ( 9 . 109 . 209 . 311 . 313 ) are placed. Switch positions in a hybrid drive ( 1 . 101 . 201 . 301 ), in particular in a hybrid drive ( 1 . 101 . 201 . 301 ) according to one of the preceding claims, with a transmission ( 9 . 109 . 209 . 311 . 313 ), the two partial transmissions ( 11 . 13 . 111 . 113 . 211 . 213 . 311 . 313 ), of which one partial transmission is a power split transmission ( 15 . 115 . 215 ), z. B. a blockable planetary gear ( 19 . 119 ), and the other partial transmission is a shiftable transmission, z. B. a spur gear ( 23 . 123 . 223 ), which are mechanically coupled and disconnected, characterized in that a claw sleeve between a driven rotary body ( 61 . 161 . 361 ) of the power split transmission ( 15 . 115 . 215 ) and a coaxial, in particular two waves ( 27 . 29 . 127 . 129 . 227 . 229 . 327 . 329 ), central shaft ( 25 . 125 . 225 . 325 ) has at least two switch positions (I, I ^I , I ^II , I ^III , II, II ^I , II ^II , II ^III , III, III ^I , III ^II , III ^III , IV) between which in the operation of the hybrid drive ( 1 . 101 . 201 . 301 ), in particular by pushing, alternately switchable. Switching positions according to claim 15, characterized in that internal and / or external toothing, in particular in the form of a toothed ring, on the claw sleeve by a longitudinal movement in successive subsequent interventions with rotational bodies ( 61 . 161 . 361 ) of the power split transmission ( 15 . 115 . 215 ) and / or the shiftable transmission ( 9 . 23 . 109 . 123 . 209 . 223 . 311 . 313 ) are brought to a first operating mode of the hybrid drive ( 1 . 101 . 201 . 301 ) in a second mode of the hybrid drive ( 1 . 101 . 201 . 301 ) to change.

Images