DE202012012844U1 - Watercraft, such as surfboard with a drive unit - Google Patents

Abstract

Drive unit for a watercraft, in particular a water sports device, preferably a surfboard, comprising: a) a propeller shaft (1) which can be rotated about a propeller shaft axis of rotation (1a) and to which a propeller (9) can be fastened or fastened, b) a drive shaft ( 2) which is rotatable about a drive shaft axis of rotation (2a) and can be connected or connected to a motor (10), c) wherein the drive shaft (2) is connected to the propeller shaft (1) in such a way that rotation of the drive shaft (2) by its drive shaft axis of rotation (2a) causes the propeller shaft (1) to rotate about its propeller shaft axis of rotation (1a), characterized in that d) the propeller shaft axis of rotation (1a) is arranged skewed in relation to the drive shaft axis of rotation (2a) and the propeller shaft axis of rotation (1a) about that Drive shaft axis of rotation (2a) is pivotable.

Description

The invention relates to a drive unit for a watercraft, in particular a water sports device, preferably a surfboard. Accordingly, the invention also relates to such a watercraft with a drive unit.

From the prior art, namely the US 2011/0003521 A1 is a surfboard known which has integrated a drive in the form of, for example, a jet propulsion. From the DE 44 31 186 B4 shows an underwater propulsion system for an underwater vehicle, in which a motor, on the motor shaft of a propeller sitting, is pivoted away by means of an arm of a hull of an underwater vehicle.

The DE 44 04 241 A1 shows a surfboard with a motor drive. The drive includes an internal combustion engine connected to a propeller attached to the underside of the surfboard. The propeller is not pivotally mounted on the underside of the surfboard.

In the DE 203 09 755 U1 For example, an auxiliary drive for a boat is described in which a propeller shaft is pivotally connected to a motor shaft, which joint allows the propeller shaft to swing away from the underside of the boat and swing to the underside of the boat.

From the DE 20 2005 004 406 U1 is a drive for a ship in which a sliding tube on the underside of a fuselage from the fuselage with an axial movement extendable and retractable into the hull. Perpendicular to the displacement direction of the sliding tube, a channel is formed in the sliding tube, in which a propeller is arranged.

It is an object of the invention to provide a drive unit for a watercraft or a watercraft with a drive unit that allows the vessel to be moved through the water with little resistance when the drive unit is not in use, and space-saving to the drive unit in small vessels such. B. surfboards accommodate.

The object is solved by the features of the independent claims. Advantageous developments emerge from the dependent claims, the description and the figures.

The invention is based on a drive unit for a watercraft, in particular a water sports device, preferably a surfboard. Basically, the drive unit is also suitable for boats or ships, where it is particularly suitable for water sports equipment, especially surfboards, since it is compact and water sports equipment or surfboards usually have more limited space than ships. A surfboard, also referred to as a surfboard, is a board made of a buoyant material that also serves as a sports equipment for surfing or windsurfing. Known surfboards are for the most part from a float, the z. B. may be made of rigid foam, formed on the top of a person, d. H. a surfer can take place, which can be arranged on the top foot straps, and on the underside, in particular in the rear area, a sword or more, such as. B. two or three fins for directional stability can be arranged. The surfboard or the float usually have an elongated shape, wherein the longitudinal axis of the board substantially corresponds to the direction of travel. The width of the board is smaller compared to its length. The thickness of the board is small relative to the length and width of the board, resulting in a board-shaped or surfboard board shape. The surfboard or its float has a positive static buoyancy, which in particular is so great that it keeps the surfer with surfboard over water.

The watercraft comprises a preferably flat designed float and an attached drive unit. Although the float itself may already be referred to as a surfboard, the drive unit and the surfboard or float form the surfboard.

The drive unit comprises a propeller shaft which is rotatable about a propeller shaft rotation axis and to which a propeller, which may also be referred to as a screw, can be fastened or fastened. The propeller has at least one, preferably a plurality of projecting from the propeller axis of rotation, which corresponds to the propeller shaft axis, the propeller or the wings are designed so that upon rotation of the propeller to the propeller shaft axis or propeller axis sucked water from the propeller front and at the propeller back is ejected with a pulse, whereby a propulsion along the propeller shaft axis of rotation is generated. The propeller shaft may be configured so that the blades of the propeller protrude radially from the propeller shaft. Alternatively, the propeller shaft may be a hollow shaft so that the blades of the propeller protrude radially inward with respect to the propeller shaft. The propeller shaft rotation axis corresponds in particular to the center axis of the propeller shaft. The propeller is specially adapted for operation in water.

The drive unit further comprises a drive shaft which is about a drive shaft axis of rotation, which preferably corresponds to the central axis of the drive shaft, is rotatable and connectable or connected to a motor. The drive shaft can, for. B. indirectly or directly connected to the engine, in particular the motor shaft. An example of an indirect connection is the connection of the drive shaft via an intermediate gear, which outputs the speed of the motor under speed increase or speed reduction to the drive shaft and / or allows a speed transmission from the motor shaft to the drive shaft only when the motor shaft and the drive shaft do not curse each other , The engine may be z. B. to act an internal combustion engine, wherein an electric motor is preferred, since this is particularly easier to control or regulate.

The drive shaft is so, in particular via at least one intermediate gear, such. As a traction drive and / or a gear transmission, in particular a bevel gear, connected to the propeller shaft, which causes a rotation of the drive shaft about its drive shaft axis of rotation and in particular relative to the float, rotation of the propeller shaft about its propeller shaft axis of rotation and in particular relative to the float. Preferably, the motor is connected or connectable to the drive shaft such that rotation of the motor shaft about its longitudinal axis causes rotation of the drive shaft about its drive shaft axis of rotation. Rotation of the motor can thus cause rotation of the propeller shaft and thus of the propeller, when it is attached to the propeller shaft, so that propulsion for the watercraft is effected.

The propeller shaft axis of rotation and in particular also the propeller shaft is skewed with respect to the drive shaft axis of rotation or the drive shaft. Windfall is to be interpreted in the mathematical sense, which means that the propeller shaft rotation axis, the drive shaft rotation axis, when these axes of rotation are considered as straight lines in space, does not intersect and is not arranged parallel to the drive shaft axis of rotation. Due to the skewed arrangement of the propeller shaft rotational axis with respect to the drive shaft rotational axis, a pivoting mechanism can advantageously be produced which permits space-saving accommodation of the drive unit on the watercraft and at the same time relatively little obstructs a flow through or around the propeller.

In particular, the propeller shaft rotation axis and / or the propeller can be pivoted away from the underside of the floating body and / or pivoted to the underside of the floating body. The floating body may have on its underside a recess which is adapted to at least partially accommodate the propeller, preferably. By pivoting the propeller or the propeller shaft axis of rotation to the underside of the floating body of the propeller can be at least partially absorbed in this Aufnehmung. By pivoting away the propeller or propeller shaft axis of rotation from the underside of the float, the propeller may be movable or removable out of the recess. The recess is particularly advantageous because the propeller, if this is not needed for the drive of the watercraft, offers in the recess a reduced water resistance. Optionally, the float on the underside have no special recess for the propeller, in such an embodiment of the float of the propeller is only folded or applied to the underside of the float. Despite the lack of recess, the folding or depositing on the underside of the float still offers a reduction in flow resistance. If a recess is provided on the underside, this z. B. be designed cup-shaped.

Preferably, the pivoting movement of the propeller or the propeller shaft axis of rotation at least in a pivoting direction, such. B. the folding, preferably also the unfolding motor, in particular with a separate or provided for the rotation of the propeller about the propeller shaft rotation motor. Optionally, the folding away of the propeller from the bottom of the float by gravity, d. H. without motor and folding motorized. In particular, the drive unit can be designed so that it transmits the torque of the motor optionally in a rotation of the propeller or the propeller shaft about the propeller shaft rotation axis or causes the pivoting movement of the propeller to the float out and optionally away from the float.

In particular, the engine may be a combustion or electric motor and serve to drive the propeller and the pivoting movement. The engine is preferably integrated in the float. As a result, the mass to be pivoted or folding is reduced because the engine has a relatively high mass.

In particular, a battery can be integrated in the float, wherein a battery can be understood in particular also an accumulator or a fuel cell. The battery is connected to the electric motor so that it can drive it. Alternatively, although less preferred, a fuel tank for a motor designed as an internal combustion engine for driving the propeller and the pivoting movement may be integrated in the floating body.

The watercraft may comprise a releasable, in particular mechanical or magnetic holding means, which holds the propeller in the folded position on the float. This holding means can preferably be actuated so that the propeller is released, whereby it can be folded away by gravity and / or the motor from the bottom of the float, in particular by approximately 90 °.

The watercraft may have a control device for the engine, which allows the engine to be switched on and off and, in particular, to be controlled or regulated with respect to its rotational speed. In particular, the control device is designed so that it drives the motor for the pivoting movement of the propeller to or from the underside of the float at a reduced speed such. B. operates with 1/10 of the maximum speed than for the operation of the propeller with z. B. its maximum speed. The control device may in particular be designed so that it can control the holding means for the propeller, wherein the control device can release the holding means.

Preferably, the floating body is flat, in particular elongated along a longitudinal axis, which substantially corresponds to the driving axis, designed. The flat design causes the float is flat on the water surface. In particular, it is preferred that the drive shaft and / or the drive shaft rotational axis are arranged transversely, in particular perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and along the flat floating body, in particular parallel to the water surface. Generally, it is preferred that the drive shaft rotation axis is disposed within the float. This makes it possible to realize a very compact design.

In preferred embodiments, the watercraft not only a single drive unit with a propeller but two juxtaposed, hinged or swivel propeller, preferably each having a drive unit and each having a motor. The propeller shaft rotation axes are preferably parallel to each other and spaced apart. The propellers are generally preferably operable relative to each other at the same and different speeds, whereby a yawing moment about the vertical axis of the vessel can be generated. Thus, the vessel allows easy cornering that does not necessarily require weight shifting, as would be the case with single propeller or single drive unit designs. Optionally, the vessel may include a sensor that detects a roll or roll angle about the longitudinal axis of the craft, the controller operating one of the two propellers at a higher speed than the other propeller, thereby making the vessel turn. Alternatively, such a cornering with two propellers with an operator z. B. hand-held control can be initiated.

Optionally, particularly to increase safety, a ripcord attachable to the user of the watercraft may be arranged which is releasably secured to the vessel, wherein release of the ripcord from the vessel causes the engine to shut down. This will prevent the vessel from driving away when the user drops it.

In addition to the fact that the propeller shaft axis of rotation is skewed with respect to the drive shaft axis of rotation, the propeller shaft axis of rotation is preferably pivotable about the drive shaft axis of rotation, in particular relative to the float or a drive shaft housing. The pivoting of the propeller shaft axis of rotation about the drive shaft axis of rotation takes place in a pivoting direction, in particular a pivoting plane, which z. B. is normal to the drive shaft axis of rotation and / or parallel to the longitudinal direction of the vessel or / and arranged horizontally to the water surface. In particular, the propeller can be folded away from the folded position in the direction of the front end of the watercraft from the bottom of the float and when tilting in the direction of the stern of the watercraft, the z. B. has the fins are hinged to the underside of the float.

In a preferred embodiment, the propeller shaft rotation axis or the propeller shaft may be fixed in the pivoting direction relative to the drive shaft when the propeller shaft rotation axis or the propeller shaft is pivoted about the drive shaft rotation axis. This advantageously achieves that a rotation of the drive shaft about its drive shaft rotational axis causes a pivoting movement of the propeller shaft rotation axis or the propeller shaft or the propeller about the drive shaft axis of rotation.

Particularly preferably, the drive unit comprises an in particular electrically, electromechanically or mechanically operable coupling, which coupled in a coupled state, the drive shaft with the propeller shaft so that the propeller shaft rotation axis in the pivoting direction about the drive shaft rotation axis rotatably connected to the drive shaft, and in a disengaged state, the drive shaft decoupled from the propeller shaft so that the drive shaft in the pivoting direction about the drive shaft axis of rotation and relative to the propeller shaft axis of rotation or the propeller is rotatable. In other words, the disengaged clutch causes the rotation of the drive shaft about its drive shaft axis of rotation to cause the propeller shaft to rotate about its propeller shaft axis of rotation, particularly without causing pivotal movement of the propeller shaft about the drive shaft axis of rotation. The engaged clutch in particular causes a rotation of the drive shaft about its drive shaft rotational axis causes the pivotal movement of the propeller shaft about the drive shaft axis of rotation and in particular causes no rotation of the propeller shaft about its propeller shaft axis of rotation. In this way, it can be advantageously achieved that the torque of a single motor is effected selectively for the rotational movement of the propeller shaft about its propeller shaft rotational axis or the pivoting movement of the propeller shaft rotational axis about the drive shaft rotational axis. The coupling may in particular be a magnetic coupling, the z. B. by applying an electromagnet with electrical voltage causes the coupling of the clutch. Such a coupling can be controlled advantageously with a control device of the watercraft.

The coupling can z. Example, a first coupling member and a second coupling member and an actuator, wherein the actuator can bring the first coupling member and the second coupling member and a clutch engagement. In clutch engagement, the clutch is in its engaged state. The actuator may, for. B. a magnet, in particular an electromagnet, or a mechanically actuated slide.

Preferably, the first coupling member may be rotatable relative to the second coupling member in the disengaged state, in particular about the drive shaft rotational axis and rotatably connected in the engaged state with the second coupling member. Preferably, the first coupling member is in particular permanently non-rotatably connected to the drive shaft. The second coupling member may in particular be permanently connected in a rotationally fixed manner to a swivel housing and / or the propeller shaft rotational axis with respect to a pivoting movement about the drive shaft rotational axis. The coupling is preferably configured such that the coupling movement of the actuator causes a movement of the first coupling member relative to the second coupling member or a movement of the second coupling member relative to the first coupling member, in particular along the drive shaft axis of rotation.

The swivel housing is pivotable for pivoting the propeller axis relative to a drive shaft housing, which in particular is non-rotatably connected to the motor and / or the float. The swivel housing is in particular connected to the bearing, which rotatably supports the propeller shaft about its propeller shaft rotational axis, such that a pivoting movement of the swivel housing around the drive shaft rotational axis effects a pivotal movement of the rotor shaft bearing. It is generally preferred that the propeller shaft is rotatably supported by a propeller shaft bearing and that the propeller shaft bearing is pivotable together with the propeller shaft and / or the propeller shaft rotation axis about the drive shaft rotational axis, in particular relative to the drive shaft housing. In a broader sense, the optionally arranged between the pivot housing and the propeller shaft bearing housing may also be referred to as part of the pivot housing, since they are preferably mitverschwenkt. The drive shaft housing may, for. B. by means of a flange rotatably connected to the motor housing.

In preferred embodiments, the drive shaft is connected via a traction drive with the propeller shaft. In the traction mechanism can be such. B. a chain drive, a V-belt drive, a toothed belt drive or the like act. The traction mechanism comprises the traction means, in particular a chain, a V-belt or a toothed belt, which wraps around a first traction wheel and a second traction wheel, wherein the second traction wheel is rotatably mounted on the propeller shaft and the first traction wheel is rotatably mounted about an axis, in particular an output shaft rotation axis which is preferably arranged parallel to and spaced from the propeller shaft axis of rotation. The first drive wheel is preferably connected to the drive shaft such that rotation of the drive shaft causes rotation of the first drive wheel about the output shaft rotational axis, thereby causing rotational movement of the second drive wheel and thus the propeller shaft via the traction means. In particular, the axis of rotation on which the first drive wheel is arranged to cut the drive shaft axis of rotation at a point, in particular be arranged perpendicular to the drive shaft axis of rotation. The first drive wheel is preferably non-rotatably mounted on an output shaft.

Alternatively, or in addition to the traction drive, the drive shaft may be connected via an output shaft to the propeller shaft, wherein the drive shaft and the output shaft are interconnected so that rotation of the drive shaft about its drive shaft rotational axis, a rotation of the output shaft about its output shaft rotation axis, preferably the drive shaft axis of rotation a point intersects and in particular can be arranged perpendicular to the drive shaft axis of rotation causes. For example, the drive shaft and the output shaft can be connected via a tooth, in particular bevel gear. The bevel gear can a first bevel gear and a second bevel gear, wherein the first bevel gear in particular permanently non-rotatably on the drive shaft and the second bevel gear, which meshes with the first bevel gear, is preferably arranged permanently non-rotatably on the output shaft.

Particularly preferably, the drive unit has the traction mechanism drive and the bevel gear. In particular, the second bevel gear and the first drive wheel can be arranged rotationally fixed on a common shaft, namely the output shaft. Preferably, the output shaft between the traction drive and the drive shaft and / or the traction drive between the output shaft and the propeller shaft are arranged. This causes the drive of the propeller, the rotation of the motor via the drive shaft, from the drive shaft via the bevel gear to the output shaft and from the output shaft via the traction drive to the propeller shaft is transmitted.

Preferably, the bevel gear is received in the pivot housing. In particular, a drive shaft pivot bearing which rotatably supports the drive shaft about its drive shaft rotational axis and / or a drive shaft pivot bearing which rotatably supports the output shaft about the output shaft rotational axis can be arranged on the pivot housing. In particular, the swivel housing can have two drive shaft pivot bearings spaced apart in the direction of the drive shaft, between which the first bevel gear can be arranged. As an alternative to the arrangement of the drive shaft bearing on the pivot housing, the drive shaft bearing for the drive shaft may be formed on the drive shaft housing.

The swivel housing can z. B. have a T-shaped from a surrounding the drive shaft housing part branching housing part, which surrounds the output shaft.

The traction mechanism housing may preferably form a first Zugmitteldurchführung for the first Zugmittelstrang and a second, separate from the first Zugmitteldurchführung Zugmitteldurchführung for the second Zugmittelstrang, preferably between the first Zugmitteldurchführung and the second Zugmitteldurchführung a channel is formed, which can be flowed through by the Propellerwellendrehachse flowing water is. The swivel housing, in particular the traction drive housing, as well as preferably the entire swivel housing, is watertight in order to protect the transmission components contained therein.

In preferred developments of the drive unit or of the watercraft, a device for active direction control of the watercraft can be provided.

For example, the propeller shaft rotation axis about a rudder axis and in particular relative to the float to be pivoted back and forth, wherein the rudder axis is approximately vertical or approximately perpendicular to the bottom of the float.

Alternatively or additionally, in the rear half of the float at least one fin about a rudder axis and in particular relative to the float to be pivoted back and forth, wherein the rudder axis is approximately vertical or approximately perpendicular to the bottom of the float.

The invention has been described with reference to several preferred embodiments. In the following, preferred embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to figures. The features disclosed in this case advantageously continue the counterclaim of the independent claims in any combination of features, even with the features described above. Show it:

1 several views of a surfboard according to a first embodiment,

2 several views of a surfboard according to a second embodiment,

3 several views in particular of the drive unit for the surfboard 1 .

4 the surfboard 1 or 2 with a surfer,

5 a preferred embodiment of a drive unit according to the invention in a perspective view,

6 several views of a portion of the drive unit 5 .

7 several views of a portion of the drive unit 5 .

8th a third embodiment of a surfboard,

9 several views of a surfboard according to a fourth embodiment,

10 several views in particular of the drive unit for the surfboard 9 .

11 Several views of a surfboard according to a fifth embodiment and

12 Several views of a swivel base with fins for the surfboard 11 ,

The 1 and 2 each show a surfboard, which is a board-shaped float 12 has, in which a drive unit according to the invention is integrated. The execution of the 1 and 2 have in common that one from the bottom of the float 12 protruding propeller 9 with a pivoting movement about a drive shaft axis of rotation 2a can be folded down to the bottom. The propeller 9 out 1 is folded only at the bottom of the float 12 on, with the propeller 9 out 2 Folded in one at the bottom of the float 12 formed recess 12a is arranged or in this recess 12a is foldable.

Like from the 1 and 2 can be seen, the surfboard at the rear end or the stern at the bottom of the float 12 formed Finns, which serve for directional stabilization. On top of the float 12 are each sealed with a lid watertight chambers 12b . 12c formed, being in the control chamber 12b the controller 15 for the drive unit and arranged on the drive unit motor 10 is arranged and in the battery chamber 12c the battery or the accumulator 11 for the power supply of the engine 10 and the controller 15 is arranged. Not shown are optionally provided foot straps on the top of the float 12 ,

Further, at the bottom of the float 12 a recess formed by flexible flaps 12d , which are formed in particular in the form of rubber lips, is closed to reduce the flow resistance of the surfboard. When swinging away the propeller 9 from the bottom of the float 12 around the drive shaft axis of rotation 2a becomes a swivel housing 8th including an output shaft housing 8b the drive unit through the flaps 12d pivoted through into the recess. When swiveling the propeller 9 to the bottom of the float 12 around the drive shaft axis of rotation 2a becomes the output shaft housing 8b pivoted out of the recess, in particular through the flaps 12d therethrough.

At the top of the float 12 is an operating means 16 arranged in the form of a control knob, in particular a start button, with which the surfer the speed of the engine 10 and the folding or unfolding of the propeller 9 can control.

The drive shaft 2 and the engine 10 are in the float 12 integrated, wherein the drive shaft axis of rotation 2a parallel to the water surface and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L of the surfboard or float 12 is arranged.

In 3 The components shown in the float are shown 12 , which is preferably formed from a rigid foam and preferably coated with a cover layer, be integrated to the float 12 To equip the surfboard with a drive unit. In 3 are the components with a folded or folded propeller 9 shown. The propeller 9 is located in the recess 12a , which is designed cup-shaped to the propeller 9 to allow at the bottom of the surfboard in the recess 12a with a pivoting movement about the drive shaft axis of rotation 2a to be folded. In the folded position becomes the propeller 9 from a holding means 13 kept so that he does not accidentally leave the recess 12a is swung out or folds out. The holding means 13 is a magnet in the example shown. Furthermore, the arrangement comprises a drive device which acts as a folding mechanism and in the 5 to 7 is shown in detail. As in 3 is visible, is an electric motor 10 by means of a flange 7a to a drive shaft housing 7 flanged. The folding mechanism further includes a pivot housing 8th which is about the drive shaft axis of rotation 2a relative to the drive shaft housing 7 is rotatable or pivotable, causing the propeller 9 with its propeller shaft axis of rotation 1a from the recess 12a is swung out, in particular by 90 °, so that the propeller shaft axis of rotation 1a approximately parallel to the underside and in the longitudinal direction of the float 12 or the surfboard is. The swivel housing 8th is at least partially disposed in the recess, which opens to the underside of the surfboard or the float and with flaps 12d is closed. To the swivel housing 8th belong to the traction drive housing 8a and a z. In 5 illustrated output shaft housing 8b ,

In the opening to the top of the surfboard chambers or recesses 12b and 12c are the batteries 11 and the control unit 15 arranged. The battery chamber 12c and the control chamber 12b are - as already mentioned - sealed by a lid to prevent water from entering the chambers 12b . 12c to prevent. With the control unit 15 connected is an operating means 16 in the shape of a start button, in 3 is shown in detail.

The functional sequence is preferably as follows, in an initial position, the start button is in its zero position. In this position, the propeller 9 in its folded position due to the holding means 13 , namely held by the electromagnet.

By turning the start button from the zero position to the pos. A is by means of the control unit 15 causes the retaining agent 13 namely, the magnet, the propeller 9 releases, causing the propeller 9 from the recess 12a is swung out. The swinging out can with the engine 10 optionally assisted by gravity or by gravity only, or by rotating the propeller about its propeller shaft axis of rotation. If the propeller 9 has been folded out by about 90 °, ie has reached its operating position or its unfolded state, a magnet decouples a clutch 6 as described below.

Turning the start button to position B turns the propeller 9 around its propeller axis of rotation 1a rotated, causing the propeller 9 generates a pulse that accelerates the board in the direction of travel. In 4 is z. B. the board is shown with a surfer standing on it, which also shows that the propeller 9 was folded away at about 90 ° from the bottom, ie, that the propeller axis of rotation 1a pointing in the direction of travel. At the surfer is a ripcord 14 attached, which is also attached to the board or float 12 is attached and with the control unit 15 cooperates, in particular such that by unintentional leaving the board, such. B. by dropping the surfer the ripcord 14 disconnects from the board or at least the control unit 15 so pressed that the engine 10 stops and optionally the propeller 9 folded back into its folded-in position.

Will be in the unfolded state of the propeller 9 the start button turned to its zero position, the magnet couples the clutch 6 a, wherein by means of the engine 10 the swivel housing 8th and thus the propeller 9 pivots back 90 ° to the starting position, the propeller 9 again from the fastener 13 is held in this starting position.

With reference to the 5 to 7 is the drive unit, which the pivoting of the propeller 9 causes described in detail. The housing of the engine 10 and the drive shaft housing 7 are stationary, in particular rotationally fixed in or on the float 12 attached or integrated. The in relation to the housing of the engine 10 drivable motor shaft aligned with the drive shaft 2 which about the drive shaft axis of rotation 2a is rotatable. Relative to the drive shaft housing 7 is the swivel housing 8th around the drive shaft axis of rotation 2a pivotable. How best 6 can be seen, has the pivot housing 8th two bearing elements on which the drive shaft 2 rotatably supports, in particular by means of rolling bearings. Between the two bearing elements is a rotationally fixed on the drive shaft 2 arranged first bevel gear 4a attached, which is connected to the drive shaft 2 rotates. Further, on the drive shaft 2 a first coupling member 6a rotatably attached, which is connected to the drive shaft 2 about its drive shaft axis of rotation 2a rotates. The rotationally fixed connection can z. B. can be achieved via a toothing or a key, as well as for the bevel gear 4a , On the swivel housing 8th is a second coupling member 6b arranged rotationally fixed, which together with the first coupling member 6a a clutch 6 forms. The coupling 6 is preferably switched on and disengaged by an electromagnet. In the engaged state, the first coupling member 6a rotationally fixed with respect to the second coupling member 6b , in the disengaged state is the first coupling member 6a with respect to the second coupling member 6b rotatable. That means the drive shaft 2 for rotation about its drive shaft axis of rotation 2a rotationally fixed with respect to the pivot housing 8th is when the clutch 6 is engaged and in relation to the swivel housing 8th is rotatable when the clutch 6 disengaged. Is the clutch 6 engages, causes a rotation of the drive shaft 2 around the drive shaft axis of rotation 2a also a rotation of the pivot housing 8th , causing the propeller 9 is unfolded when the drive shaft 2 is rotated in a first direction of rotation, and is folded when the drive shaft 2 is rotated in a second, opposite to the first direction of rotation.

The first coupling member 6a is between the second coupling member 6b and a sensor plate arranged on which at least one sensor is arranged, which the control unit 15 Feedback on the operating state or switching state of the coupling 6 in particular, whether the propeller is folded or unfolded.

The drive shaft housing 7 is tubular. Part of the swivel housing 8th is also tubular and surrounds the drive shaft 2 especially concentric. On the tubular part of the pivot housing 8th a tubular extension is formed, which branches off at approximately 90 ° from the tubular part. The pipe socket surrounds an output shaft 3 whose output shaft rotation axis 3a approximately perpendicular to the drive shaft axis of rotation 2a stands and the drive shaft rotation axis 2a cuts in one point. The pipe socket forms a pivot bearing including ball bearings to the output shaft 3 to be rotated relative to the nosepiece. The pipe socket forms with the tubular part from which it branches off, in particular a T-shaped form.

On the output shaft 3 is a second bevel gear 4b fixed in rotation with the first bevel gear 4a meshes, causing a rotation of the drive shaft 2 a rotation of the output shaft 3 can cause. The first bevel gear 4a and the second bevel gear 4b may be straight bevel gears, preferably obliquely or Helical bevel gears are because it has been found that helical or spiral bevel gears allow a better power transmission.

The output shaft 3 is from an output shaft housing 8b surrounded in particular concentric or tubular. On the output shaft 3 is also a first drive wheel 5b arranged rotationally fixed, which is upon rotation of the output shaft 3 with this turns. The first drive wheel 5b is part of a traction drive 5 , which is a second drive wheel 5c and one the first drive wheel 5b with the second drive wheel 5c connecting traction element formed as an endless element 5a combines. The traction device 5a is a chain in the example shown, but may also be a toothed belt or a V-belt. Unlike a V-belt, a chain has no slippage.

The second drive wheel 5c sits torsionally on a propeller shaft 1 , so that a rotation of the second drive wheel 5c around the propeller shaft axis of rotation 1a causes the propeller shaft 1a with the second drive wheel 5c rotates. On the propeller shaft 1 is the propeller 9 arranged, which turns during rotation of the propeller shaft 1 rotates with this and thus generates a propulsion. The propeller shaft axis of rotation 1a is parallel and spaced from the output shaft rotation axis 3a arranged. Further, the propeller shaft rotation axis 1a skewed, ie not parallel and without overlap in relation to the drive shaft axis of rotation 2a arranged.

The propeller 9 is surrounded by a protective ring over its circumference, which provides radial access to the propeller 9 prevented. The guard ring surrounds the propeller 9 concentric and in particular of the traction drive housing 8a including two spokes held. The traction drive housing 8a pets the traction drive 5 waterproof. The traction device 5a has two strands, one from the first drive wheel 5b expiring and one to the first drive edge 5b going strand. Each of these strands is each of a Zugmittelddurchführung 8c surround. Between the Zugmitteldurchführung 8c for the expiring Zugmittelstrang and Zugmitteldurchführung 8c for the trailing Zugmittelstrang is a channel 8d formed along the propeller shaft axis of rotation 1a can be flowed through by a liquid. By doing that, the channel 8d can flow through the liquid and is not closed, can be a larger amount of water to the propeller 9 arrive, whereby this generates a stronger propulsion. The direction of travel facing inlet of the channel 8d is designed in particular wedge-shaped or funnel-shaped in order to achieve an even better flow guidance. The funnel-shaped configuration is such that it tapers in the flow direction or widens in the direction of travel. This form can be referred to in particular as a double wedge shape and has proven to be particularly suitable in a test for flow guidance.

The traction drive housing 8a is preferably in the direction of travel in front of the propeller 9 arranged.

Due to the coupling 6 can be with a single engine 10 both the propeller 9 for driving forward as well as the propeller 9 From the unfolded position to the folded position and swing from the folded position to the unfolded position. Due to the embodiment of the drive unit shown, these can be so compact but still so powerful that they can be integrated into a surfboard.

This surfboard can be used in several ways. For example, it can be used on a calm lake to drive around on the lake. Alternatively, the drive z. B. to be used in the sea, to move away from the beach even with relatively strong landward flow to take a suitable position for watching a perfect wave for surfing. By folding the propeller 9 to the bottom of the float, the flow resistance of the drive can be reduced so much that surfing with the surfboard is possible. As the surfer's muscle power is saved by the drive, even a less fit surfer can drive out more often, which means he can experience the intense enjoyment of surfing.

In 8th an embodiment of a surfboard according to the invention is shown, wherein at the bottom of the float 12 two side-by-side propellers 9 are pivotally mounted. The propeller shaft rotation axes 1a the two propellers 9 are spaced apart and run in the direction of travel. Preferably, each of the propellers 9 about one's own, z. Tie 5 to 7 illustrated drive unit including each own motor 10 drivable and swiveling. Advantageously, the two propellers can be 9 operate at the same or different speeds, wherein when operating at different speeds, a yaw moment about the vertical axis of the surfboard is generated, which causes the surfboard is cornering.

The direction control of the surfboard can be, as in the 9 to 12 shown, also accomplish in other way.

For example, the propeller shaft axis of rotation 1a or the propeller 9 around a rudder axis 19b and in particular relative to the float 12 , in particular between a first end position (Pos.1) and a second end position (Pos.2), out and forth, that are pivoted in a first direction of rotation and in a second direction of rotation. How best 10 can be seen, can the propeller shaft rotation axis 1a or the propeller 9 starting from a zero position (Pos.0) by a first rudder angle in the direction of the first end position and by a second rudder angle in the direction of the second end position about the rudder axis 19b swing. The rudder axis 19b runs approximately vertically or with respect to the underside of the float 12 in about vertical.

The maximum swing angle, in particular the sum of the first maximum rudder angle and the second maximum rudder angle, about which the propeller shaft rotation axis 1a around the rudder axis 19b is pivotable back and forth, is preferably less than 180 °, and more preferably less than 120 °, such. B. 90 ° or even smaller. The longitudinal axis of the surfboard or float 12 preferably forms the bisector of the maximum pivot angle. Indicates the propeller shaft axis of rotation 1a in the longitudinal direction of the surfboard or float 12 takes the propeller shaft axis of rotation 1a or the propeller 9 in the 10 shown zero position (Pos.0). In the zero position (Pos.0), the propeller can preferably generate a pulse parallel to the longitudinal direction of the surfboard. Will the propeller 9 or the propeller axis of rotation 1a around the rudder axis 19b panned, especially in the 10 shown position 1 or position 2, the propeller can 9 generate a pulse whose direction at an acute angle to the longitudinal direction of the surfboard or float 12 stands. This makes it possible to achieve an advantageous cornering.

Preferably, in addition to the propeller 9 or the propeller shaft rotation axis 1a the motor 10 and especially between the engine 10 and the propeller 9 arranged components of the drive unit about the rudder axis 19b and relative to the float 12 swiveling back and forth. In particular, the engine can 10 , and / or the drive shaft housing 7 on or on a swivel base 19 , in particular be mounted stationary, wherein the rotary base 19 , which may be configured in particular as a hub to the rudder axis 19b and relative to the float 12 is pivotable. The swivel base 19 has a scope over which at least partially a toothing 19a is arranged in particular to form a turntable section. In this gearing 19a engages kinematically with a motor 18 , In particular a servo or rudder motor connected gear 18a one. The motor 18 is preferably an electric motor and drivable in both directions, wherein by rotation of the motor 18 in a first direction of rotation of the rotary base 19 in the direction of the first end position (Pos.1) and with rotation of the motor 18 in a second direction of rotation of the swivel base 19 in the direction of the second end position (Pos.2) about the rudder axis 19b is pivoted. The motor 18 is preferably stationary with respect to the float 12 , especially in the float 12 added. Alternatively, the engine 12 fixed to the swivel base 19 be attached, with the teeth 19a on the float 12 may be formed, causing the rotary base 19 also swing as described above.

In advantageous developments, at least one sensor (not shown) may be provided on the drive unit or the watercraft, which is connected to the controller 15 is coupled, the sensor signals when the propeller 9 or the propeller shaft rotation axis 1a in the zero position (Pos.0) is, where the controller 15 a folding of the propeller 9 ie by pivoting the propeller 9 around the drive shaft axis of rotation 2a , to the bottom of the surfboard 12 only allowed if the propeller 9 or the propeller shaft rotation axis 1a in their zero position (Pos.0).

In a further embodiment ( 11 and 12 ), where the propeller shaft axis of rotation 1a especially not around the rudder axis 19b is pivotable, ie preferably permanently parallel to the longitudinal axis of the surfboard, can in the rear half of the float 12 or the surfboard, eg between the rear end and the propeller 9 , at least one Finn 17 around a rudder axis 20b and in particular relative to the float 12 , in particular between a first end position (Pos.1) and second end position (Pos.2), be pivotable back and forth. The rudder axis 20b can be approximately vertical or approximately perpendicular to the bottom of the float 12 stand, especially like the rudder axis 19b , For example, the at least one fin 17 , in particular a single, two or three or more fins 17 , on a swivel base 20 , which is designed in the manner of a hub, be arranged. Alternatively, several fins 17 be provided, each of which is on its own swivel base 20 is arranged.

For example, the at least one fin 17 around a rudder axis 20b and in particular relative to the float 12 , in particular between a first end position (Pos.1) and a second end position (Pos.2), back and forth, that are pivoted in a first direction of rotation and in a second direction of rotation. The at least one Finn 17 can be based on a zero position (Pos.0) by a first rudder angle in the direction of the first end position (Pos.1) and by a second rudder angle in the direction of the second end position (Pos.2) about the rudder axis 20b swing.

The maximum swing angle, in particular the sum of the first maximum rudder angle and the second maximum rudder angle, around which the at least one fin 17 around the rudder axis 20b is pivotable back and forth, is preferably less than 180 °, and more preferably less than 120 °, such. B. 90 ° or even smaller. The longitudinal axis of the surfboard or float 12 preferably forms the bisector of the maximum pivot angle. Indicates the at least one fin 17 in the longitudinal direction of the surfboard or float 12 take them in the 11 and 12 shown zero position (Pos.0). The Finn 17 supports in the zero position (Pos.0) a straight ahead. Will the Finn 17 starting from its zero position (Pos.0) around the rudder axis 20b panned so that the at least one fin 17 at an acute angle to the longitudinal direction of the surfboard or float 12 stands, a cornering is supported.

The swivel base 20 has a scope over which at least partially a toothing 20a is arranged in particular to form a turntable section. In this gearing 20a engages kinematically with a motor 18 , In particular a servo or rudder motor connected gear 18a one. The motor 18 is preferably an electric motor and drivable in both directions, wherein by rotation of the motor 18 in a first direction of rotation of the rotary base 20 in the direction of the first end position (Pos.1) and with rotation of the motor 18 in a second direction of rotation of the swivel base 20 in the direction of the second end position (Pos.2) about the rudder axis 20b is pivoted. The motor 18 is preferably stationary with respect to the float 12 , especially in the float 12 added. Alternatively, the engine 12 fixed to the swivel base 20 be attached, with the teeth 20a on the float 12 may be formed, causing the rotary base 20 also swing as described above.

In particular, the engine can be 18 from the 9 to 12 advantageously with a remote control or alternatively with the angle control described herein about the longitudinal axis (roll angle) control. In a control with roll angle, the propeller shaft rotation axis 1a or the propeller 9 or the Finns 17 so swung that an impulse to the inside of the curve or to the side to which the float 12 is generated or rolled around the longitudinal axis is generated.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

 propeller shaft

1a

 Propeller shaft axis of rotation

1b

 Propeller shaft bearing

2

 drive shaft

2a

 Drive shaft axis of rotation

3

 output shaft

3a

 Output shaft rotational axis

4

 Kegelkradgetriebe

4a

 first bevel gear

4b

 second bevel gear

5

 traction drives

5a

 Traction device / chain

5b

 first drive wheel

5c

 second drive wheel

6

 clutch

6a

 first coupling member

6b

 second coupling member

7

 Drive shaft housing

7a

 mounting flange

8th

 swivel case

8a

 Zugmitteltriebgehäuse

8b

 Output shaft housing

8c

 Zugmitteldurchführung

8d

 channel

9

 propeller

10

 Motor / drive motor

11

 battery

12

 Surfboard / float

12a

 Recess / groove / recess

12b

 control chamber

12c

 battery chamber

12d

 fold

13

 holding means

14

 ripcord

15

 Control / control device / control unit

16

 operating means

17

 Finn / sword

18

 Motor / actuator or rudder motor

18a

 gear

19

 Rotary base / hub

19a

 gearing

19b

 rudder axis

20

 Rotary base / hub

20a

 gearing

20b

 rudder axis

L

 Longitudinal axis / longitudinal direction

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• US 2011/0003521 A1 [0002]
• DE 4431186 B4 [0002]
• DE 4404241 A1 [0003]
• DE 20309755 U1 [0004]
• DE 202005004406 U1 [0005]

Claims (11)

Drive unit for a watercraft, in particular a water sports device, preferably a surfboard, comprising: a) a propeller shaft ( 1 ) around a propeller shaft axis of rotation ( 1a ) is rotatable and at the a propeller ( 9 ) is fastened or fixed, b) a drive shaft ( 2 ) around a drive shaft axis of rotation ( 2a ) and with a motor ( 10 ) is connectable or connected, c) wherein the drive shaft ( 2 ) so with the propeller shaft ( 1 ), that a rotation of the drive shaft ( 2 ) about its drive shaft axis of rotation ( 2a ) a rotation of the propeller shaft ( 1 ) about its propeller shaft axis of rotation ( 1a ), characterized in that d) the propeller shaft rotation axis ( 1a ) skew with respect to the drive shaft axis of rotation ( 2a ) is arranged and the propeller shaft axis of rotation ( 1a ) about the drive shaft axis of rotation ( 2a ) is pivotable. Drive unit according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the propeller shaft rotation axis ( 1a ) in the pivoting direction relative to the drive shaft ( 12 ) is fixed when the propeller shaft rotation axis ( 1a ) about the drive shaft axis of rotation ( 2a ) is pivoted. Drive unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive shaft ( 2 ) via a traction mechanism drive ( 5 ) with the propeller shaft ( 1 ) connected is. Drive unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive shaft ( 2 ) via an output shaft ( 3 ) with the propeller shaft ( 1 ), wherein the output shaft rotation axis ( 3a ) the drive shaft rotation axis ( 1a ) preferably cuts in one point. Drive unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive shaft ( 2 ) via an output shaft ( 3 ) with the propeller shaft ( 1 ), wherein the output shaft ( 3 ) with the drive shaft ( 2 ) via a bevel gear ( 4 ) connected is. Drive unit according to claims 3 and 4 or according to claims 3 and 5, characterized in that the output shaft ( 3 ) between the traction drive ( 5 ) and the drive shaft ( 2 ) and / or the traction drive ( 5 ) between the output shaft ( 3 ) and the propeller shaft ( 1 ) are arranged. Drive unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a coupling ( 6 ), in particular an electrically or electromechanically operable coupling, which in an engaged state, the drive shaft ( 2 ) with the propeller shaft ( 1 ) coupled so that the propeller shaft axis of rotation ( 1a ) in the pivoting direction about the drive shaft axis of rotation ( 2a ) rotatably with the drive shaft ( 2 ) is connected, and in a disengaged state, the drive shaft ( 2 ) from the propeller shaft ( 1 ) decoupled so that the drive shaft ( 2 ) in the pivoting direction about the drive shaft axis of rotation ( 2a ) relative to the propeller shaft axis of rotation ( 1a ) is rotatable. Drive unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the propeller shaft ( 1 ) from a propeller shaft bearing ( 1b ) is rotatably mounted and the propeller shaft bearing ( 1b ) together with the propeller shaft ( 1 ) and / or the propeller shaft rotation axis ( 1a ) about the drive shaft axis of rotation ( 2a ) in particular relative to a drive shaft housing ( 7 ) is pivotable. Watercraft, in particular water sports equipment, preferably surfboard, comprising a drive unit, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, the vessel comprising: a) a floating body (in particular flat) ( 12 ), in particular surfboard, and the drive unit, wherein the drive unit has: b) a propeller shaft ( 1 ) around a propeller shaft axis of rotation ( 1a ) is rotatable and at the a propeller ( 9 ) is fastened or fixed, c) a drive shaft ( 2 ) around a drive shaft axis of rotation ( 2a ) and with a motor ( 10 ) is connectable or connected, d) wherein the drive shaft ( 2 ) so with the propeller shaft ( 1 ), that a rotation of the drive shaft ( 2 ) about its drive shaft axis of rotation ( 2a ) and relative to the float ( 12 ) a rotation of the propeller shaft ( 1 ) about its propeller shaft axis of rotation ( 1a ) and relative to the float ( 12 ), characterized in that e) the propeller shaft rotation axis ( 1a ) skew with respect to the drive shaft axis of rotation ( 2a ) is arranged and the propeller shaft axis of rotation ( 1a ) from the underside of the float ( 12 ) swing away or to the bottom of the float ( 12 ) is swung. Vessel according to the preceding claim, characterized by at least one of the following features: - one in the floating body ( 12 ) integrated battery ( 11 ), in particular accumulator, or one in the floating body ( 12 ) integrated fuel tank; - one in the float ( 12 ) integrated motor ( 10 ), in particular combustion or electric motor for driving the propeller ( 9 ) and the pivoting movement; An oblong configuration of the flat float ( 12 ) along a longitudinal axis (L), wherein the drive shaft ( 2 ) and / or the Drive shaft pivot axis ( 2a ) transversely, in particular perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (L) and along the flat float ( 12 ) are arranged; A recess ( 12a ) at the bottom of the float ( 12 ), which is adapted to at least the propeller ( 9 ) at least partially, and in which the propeller ( 9 ) by pivoting the propeller shaft axis of rotation ( 1a ) to the underside of the float ( 12 ) is receivable and from which the propeller ( 9 ) by pivoting away the propeller shaft axis of rotation ( 1a ) from the underside of the float ( 12 ) is removable; A releasable, in particular mechanical or magnetic holding means ( 13 ), which the propeller ( 9 ) in the to the float ( 12 ) holds folded position; A control device ( 15 ) for the engine ( 10 ); - two side-by-side hinged propellers ( 9 ), which are operable relative to each other at the same and different speeds, whereby a yawing moment about the vertical axis of the watercraft can be generated; A ripcord attachable to the user of the vessel ( 14 ), which is releasably attached to the vessel, wherein a release of the ripcord ( 14 ) a shutdown of the engine ( 10 ) causes. Vessel according to one of the two preceding claims, characterized in that the propeller shaft axis of rotation ( 1a ) about a rudder axis ( 19b ) and in particular relative to the floating body ( 12 ) is pivotable back and forth, wherein the rudder axis ( 19b ) runs approximately vertically or approximately perpendicular to the underside of the float ( 12 ) or that in the rear half of the float ( 12 ) at least one fin ( 17 ) about a rudder axis ( 20b ) and in particular relative to the floating body ( 12 ) is pivotable back and forth, wherein the rudder axis ( 20b ) runs approximately vertically or approximately perpendicular to the underside of the float ( 12 ) stands.

Images