DE202008011194U1 - Retort oven for the heat treatment of metallic workpieces - Google Patents

Abstract

Retort oven (1) for the heat treatment of metallic workpieces, comprising a cylinder-shaped retort (3) surrounded by a furnace housing (2) with heating device (5)
a) enclosing a treatment space (6) for a batch (7) of workpieces,
b) at one end by means of a bottom (9) sealed gas-tight and there fluidly connected to at least two gas-leading, each with a valve (20, 21) closable lines (11, 14) and
c) has a gas-tight closable feed opening 10 at the other end,
characterized in that the bottom (9) forming a gap comprises a second bottom (9.1) and this space is divided by a first volume space (16) and a second volume space (17) in two gas-tight separate annular spaces, which first volume space ( 16) with the first line (14) and which second volume space (17) is connected to the first line (11), whereby the circulation of the cold gas by means of a streamlined cooling volume flow and thus the cooling of the charge ...

Description

Technical area

The Invention relates to a retort furnace for heat treatment, such as B. for blank annealing, annealing under nitrogen or Nitrogen / hydrogen, nitriding or nitrocarburizing of metallic workpieces, wherein the retort furnace is essentially a furnace housing with retort, a heater, a circulation device and an associated cooling device and that of A retort surrounded by a furnace housing is cylindrical formed and sealed gas-tight at one end by means of a bottom and fluidically to at least two gas-conducting, connected by means of butterfly valves closable lines is, which in turn are connected to the cooling device.

State of the art

Such retort furnaces for heat treatment of metallic workpieces are in the prior art in various arrangements, such as. B. according to DE-AS 2 010 433 . DE-OS 27 54 034 . DE 30 28 952 C2 . DE 31 43 532 A1 . DE 36 31 389 C2 and DE 103 38 431 A1 known.

It has been proposed several times for retort ovens, primarily the efficiency of the heat treatment increase. In retort ovens, however, comes after the to achieve uniform heating of the heat-treated Workpieces also the subsequent uniform and intensive cooling of the workpieces a special Meaning to what, because of the in itself unproductive treatment step is to be examined more deeply.

Retort for heat treatment of metallic workpieces a surrounded by a furnace housing retort, the cylindrical formed and sealed gas-tight at one end by means of a bottom is. At the same time, the retort has a feed opening, which serves to heat-treat the workpieces abandon in the retort or the heat treated workpieces of Retort can be seen through the feed opening. The loading opening is by means of a lid, the is preferably formed pivotable, gas-tight closed.

The Furnace housing usually provides a volume space. Within this volume space, among other things, the retort is arranged, which in turn has a volume space, the actual heat treatment room provides. Within the furnace housing formed Volumenraums are in addition to the retort beyond heating elements provided in the case of intended use the retort oven a heating of the retort and thus of the serve the retort enclosed treatment room.

The Heat treatment of a workpiece takes in all Usually under the influence of gas. The retort therefore has preferably on the bottom side via connecting pieces, which allow the connection of gas-carrying lines. Through these lines can pass through the retort defined treatment space gases and / or gas mixtures optional be admitted. Such gases can, for example Treatment gases, oxidizing gases, cooling gases and / or corresponding Be gas mixtures.

in the Scope of a designated process execution for heat treatment of metallic workpieces It regularly provided that a procedural step workpiece heating follows a process step, in which the workpieces on one or more - heat treatment dependent - temperature level be held and finally a procedural step the workpiece cooling follows.

Either during heating as well as during cooling, the aim is workpiece heating or cooling perform as quickly and evenly as possible. During the holding phase at a certain temperature level will be the largest possible within the batch Temperature uniformity of the workpieces sought as well as even as possible Availability of gases at every point of the batch. To this The purpose is the located inside the gas-tight retort retorts Atmosphere circulated. This is done by means of a circulation device, which is usually arranged inside the retort.

Around an improved circulation and uniformity Achieving the furnace atmosphere and temperature is it known from the prior art, so-called gas guide cylinder to use, in combination with the circulating a Ensuring forced guidance of the furnace atmosphere.

To The prior art further states that the retort fluidically to at least one gas-conducting Line is connected, which line closable by means of so-called butterfly valves is. For example, to cool the workpieces Gas from the retort via a gas-carrying line sucked, passed through a cooling device and over a second gas-carrying line returned to the retort become.

As part of a proper process implementation for heat treatment of metallic workpieces by means of a prescribed Retort furnace it may be necessary to separate the gas-carrying lines relative to the retort interior, to prevent gases from entering the retort interior or the gas atmosphere located in the retort interior exits via the gas-carrying lines. In order to accomplish a separation of the gas-carrying lines relative to the retort interior, known from the prior art, the so-called butterfly valves, which are designed as in the respective gas-carrying line pivotally arranged discs. These discs are rotatable by at least 90 ° and can be brought into an open or a closed position. In the closed position, the flow cross-section of the gas-carrying line is substantially closed, so that a separation of the gas-carrying line to the retort interior is achieved. In the open position, the flow cross-section of the gas-carrying line is substantially released, so that a fluidic connection between the gas-carrying line on the one hand and the retort interior on the other hand is formed.

Also Here, apparently, the previously known from the prior art Butterfly valves for closing the fluidic to the retort of the retort furnace connected, gas-carrying lines proven, but there is room for improvement in particular with a view to their more functional handling and aerodynamic Arrangement.

Presentation of the invention

task The invention is in generic retort ovens according to the preambles of the claims 1 to 3 and the type described above, a uniform and as fast as possible cooling of the heat-treated Achieve workpieces because cooling though required, but basically an unproductive process step is.

There for cooling the workpieces a gas stream from the Retort sucked off, via an external cooling device passed and then returned to the retort it is necessary, the cold gas is as good as possible circulate and resistances that the cooling volume flow hamper, avoid.

To On the one hand, the formation of a bottom of the retort and / or on the other hand the flaps for functionally reliable closing the gas-conducting device connected to the retort of the retort oven Lines are to be changed constructively so that overall aerodynamically favorable conditions arise.

Corresponding to claims 1 to 3, this is uniform by three to the task and feasible side by side feasible variants of the invention solved.

To the first variant is provided that in a retort oven for the heat treatment of metallic workpieces the floor comprises a second floor forming a gap, d. H. is formed double-walled, and this gap through a first volume space and a second volume space in two gas-tight separated annular spaces is divided, which first volume space with the first conduit and which second volume space with the first Line is connected, reducing the circulation of the cold gas by means of a streamlined cooling volume flow and thus the cooling of the charge can be accelerated.

To the second variant of the generic retort oven is designed so that the first and second valve each have a receiving space comprehensive Form housing in which a lid so hineinbewegbar is that the flow cross-section of each line in the open position of the lid completely released, a streamlined training the receiving space given and a gaseous flow easily navigable in each line is.

• – die Merkmalsgruppe, wie der Boden umfasst unter Ausbildung eines Zwischenraumes einen zweiten Boden, wobei dieser Zwischenraum durch einen ersten Volumenraum und einen zweiten Volumenraum in zwei voneinander gasdicht getrennte Ringräume unterteilt und welcher erster Volumenraum mit der zweiten Leitung und welcher zweiter Volumenraum mit der ersten Leitung verbunden ist,
• – mit der Merkmalsgruppe, wie die erste und zweite Stellklappe bilden je ein einen Aufnahmeraum umfassendes Gehäuse, in welches ein Deckel derart hineinbewegbar ist, daß der Strömungsquerschnitt jeder Leitung bei geöffneter Stellung des Deckels vollständig freigegeben ist,
• – derart vereinigt, daß der erste Volumenraum und der zweite Volumenraum im strömungstechnischen Zusammenwirken mit den bei geöffneter Stellung des Deckels den Strömungsquerschnitt jeder Leitung vollständig freigebenden Funktionen des Deckel zu einer strömungsgünstigen Umwälzung des kalten Gases und somit schnellen Abkühlung der Charge führen.

The third variant combines the above embodiments in terms of a functional fusion of their advantageous functions to a total effect by the retort furnace

• - The feature group, such as the ground comprises a gap forming a second bottom, said gap divided by a first volume space and a second volume space in two gas-tight separate annular spaces and which first volume space with the second conduit and which second volume space with the first conduit connected is,
• - With the feature group, such as the first and second valve each form a receiving space comprehensive housing, in which a lid is hineinbewegbar so that the flow cross-section of each line is fully released in the open position of the lid,
• - United in such a way that the first volume space and the second volume space in the fluidic interaction with the open in the open position of the cover the flow cross section of each line completely releasing functions of the lid to a streamlined circulation of the cold gas and thus rapid cooling of the batch.

In the first and third variants, the outer diameter of the second bottom of the floor smaller than the inner diameter of the retort.

Of Further, the outer first volume space fluidly via the second line an external cooling gas blower and the inner second Volume space fluidically over the first Line to be connected to an external cooler, whereby the hot gas contained in the retort is removed and can be forwarded to the external cooler.

Advantageous the inner second volume space can be connected to suction tubes, connected to the treatment room enclosed by the retort are.

After all the first and second variants are perfected when the first Volume space and the second volume space gas-tight by a ring divided into the two gas-tight separated annular spaces is, the production technology favorable z. B. by welding is insertable.

at the second and third variant, the in the receiving space of the Housing of each flap movable cover one Swivel arm, which pivots about a pivot on a support arm is arranged.

Of the Swivel arm can be swiveled> 90 ° be arranged on the arm and is appropriate connected to a drive by a pneumatic actuator cylinder can be formed.

The Housing should be interchangeable by means of a first flange connection and a second flange in each one of the lines detachably arranged be easy to install and lockable by means of a flap Have installation opening.

Of the said drive can advantageously be arranged on the flap, the flap being a gas tight passage for having the piston rod, which by means of a coupling element of Piston rod and a slot of the swivel arm for actuation the lid is hinged. In this case, the support arm is functional be arranged on the flap.

With the inventive design of a soil the retort by placing a retort of the retort under training a volume space formed double-walled and gas-tight in two separated annular spaces is divided and the invention changed Design principle that closable by means of the butterfly valves gas-carrying lines to a receiving space comprehensive Housing is connected, in which the lid hineinbewegbar is, so that the flow cross-section of the line with open lid position is completely released, the task is in view of the overall improved flow conditions optimally dissolved in the retort oven.

successes Alone with the double-walled soil training a, since the cold gas is circulated so better and in an advantageous manner Exceptionally good circulation of the furnace atmosphere and thus flow through the heat-treated Workpieces is created.

on the other hand be alone with the changed lid movement in the butterfly valves for the cold gas altogether aerodynamically more favorable Created conditions.

In However, the combined design merge the double-walled Bottom training and the changed lid movement functional in their fluidic effect with each other.

highlight is that in the outer annulus by means the external cooling gas fan from the outside a cooling gas or a cooling gas mixture is fed can be.

Of the inner annulus stands with the actual and enclosed by the retort Treatment room of the batch in fluidic connection. For this purpose, the suction tubes are provided, the inner annulus with the treatment chamber of the retort fluidically connect.

In the outer annulus fed cooling gas may also be through openings in the enclosed by the retort Treatment room flow. Here are the connection openings depending on the cooling fan power dimensioned such that in the outer annulus located refrigerant gas with relatively emerge from the openings at high speed and in can enter the treatment room enclosed by the retort.

The the outer annulus with the treatment room of the Retort fluidly connecting through holes are preferably frontally of the inner wall of the double-walled Floor formed, that is between inner wall on the one hand and lateral surface of the retort on the other.

This refinement can be achieved, for example, by virtue of the fact that the outside diameter of the retort-side wall, that is to say the inner wall of the double-walled bottom, is smaller than the inside diameter nendurchmesser the retort is formed, as a result, an annular gap between the inner wall of the double-walled soil on the one hand and the inside of the lateral surface of the retort on the other hand arises. This annular gap can be subdivided into individual passage openings, which results, for example, from the fact that the inner wall of the double-walled bottom is connected at the end side to the metal surface of the retort at certain intervals, for example welded.

The prescribed embodiment of the annular gap, that is the passageways, the outer Annular space with the treatment chamber of the retort fluidic Connect, has the advantage of that over the outer Annulus inflowing refrigerant gas in the immediate Proximity to the retort coat and parallel to the same in the Treatment room of the retort is introduced.

hereby is an overall exceptionally good flow reaches a workpiece batch located in the retort, what a correspondingly very good heat transfer between gas flow on the one hand and workpiece charge on the other leads.

The prescribed embodiment allows, by means of the in the retort comprised volume space connecting intake pipes in the retort located hot gas, that is the Suction there hot atmosphere, wherein the extracted gases, that is, the extracted atmosphere over the inner annular space of the double-walled bottom of the retort is dissipated.

For the purpose of Intake is the inner annulus connected to the radiator. The extracted gases are passed through the cooler and brought to a cool. The reuse of this gas, that is the former treatment atmosphere is possible, preferably as a cooling gas, which the outer annulus of the double-walled floor the retort is fed back. This can be done by means of support the mentioned cooling gas blower done.

The transported in the outer annulus refrigerant gas occurs in the utility, that is treatment room of the retort again, and this preferably retortenmantelnah, so that the incoming cooling gas near the inside of the The lateral surface of the retort forcibly guided parallel thereto is. The result is a flow inside the retort, which is characterized by hot gases or hot furnace atmosphere from the inner area the volume space enclosed by the retort, simultaneously cooling gas in the outer edge area tracked by the retort enclosed volume space will, so I have a flow circulation in the retort is set as addition of the volume flows of the external Cooling fan on the one hand and in the retort on the other hand. In the result this flow circulation results in comparison the prior art improved gas flow through the in the retort workpiece batch, resulting in a better heat transfer between workpiece batch and gas or gas mixture, d. H. to a faster cooling the batch leads.

The The above-described construction can be used in retort ovens in general Find application, that is, it is both for horizontal and vertical retort ovens available.

These advantageous functions supports the inventive Design of the butterfly valves, for the one the receiving space providing extension provided in the form of a housing is. In the housing or in the receiving space is the Lid movable, in such a way that the clear flow cross-section the gas-carrying line with the lid open is completely released.

These Design allows it in an advantageous manner that in difference avoided prior to the prior art unnecessary flow resistance become. When opening a known from the prior art Turntable twisted this adversely of a transverse position in a longitudinal position, but in which they at least partially the flow cross-section of the gas-carrying line covers.

This leads disadvantageously to an unnecessary Flow resistance, resulting in a reduction in performance of the gas blower connected to the gas-carrying line and thus leads to a reduction of the gas volume flow.

at the construction according to the invention become this Disadvantages overcome, since the lid in open Position in a receiving space providing extension is moved in, whereby the flow cross-section of the gas-conducting Management is completely released and the emergence unnecessary flow resistance completely is avoided.

According to the Invention is envisaged that the lid is designed to pivot is. Accordingly, the movement of the lid takes place as a pivoting movement in the receiving space providing housing. These Pivotability of the lid can be realized, for example be that the lid on a swivel arm and this hinged for example, is arranged on a support arm.

Of the Swivel arm and thus the lid arranged thereon thus be pivoted in a simple manner relative to the support arm. In this case, preferably, a pivoting movement of the pivot arm by at least 90 °, more preferably by 95 ° possible.

A at least theoretical pivotability of more than 90 ° offers the advantage that the lid with a certain contact pressure against a connecting piece of the gas-carrying line can be pressed, especially in combination with a line side and / or cover side provided seal causes a gas-tight closure of the gas-carrying line. In the lid used in the prior art as a lid is such a gas-tight decoupling of gas-conducting On the one hand and retort interior on the other hand not possible, because due to manufacturing tolerances, wear and tear and / or thermally induced different expansions always an annular gap between the inside of a gas-conducting Line on the one hand and the flap remains on the other.

According to one Training the lid is provided that the pivot arm to a Setting cylinder is articulated. By means of this actuating cylinder can a Pivoting of the pivot arm relative to the support arm be effected. The actuating cylinder preferably operates pneumatically. But there are also other configurations possible, such as hydraulically or mechanically operating actuating cylinders or actuators.

by virtue of This configuration, the cover device as such in an advantageous Also installed as part of a retrofit or to be assembled. In a simple way, the butterfly valves between the flange connections of the gas-carrying lines as Intermediate member installed.

Has according to the invention the housing the installation opening. This allows also a subsequent access to the adjustment mechanism the lid, that is in particular the swivel arm as well on the lid itself and possibly also the actuating cylinder. In a simple way is such a disassembly, repair or other subsequent work possible.

The Installation opening is preferably by means of a suitably trained flap closed gas-tight.

Optimal is it when the double-walled bottom training and changed Combined lid movement used in a retort oven, because so is the object of the invention, in generic Retort ovens a uniform and intense Cooling of heat treated workpieces to better circulate the cold gas and unnecessary Resistors that impede the cooling flow, be reached at the maximum.

Either the inventive construction of the bottom of the Retort as well as the butterfly valves for functionally reliable closing the gas-conducting device connected to the retort of the retort oven Cables for the cold gas thus create a total flow-related more favorable conditions, which allows faster cooling effect the batch.

Brief description of the drawings

In the accompanying drawings show in a schematic Embodiment of the invention

1 the view in a section of a retort furnace according to the invention,

2 an enlarged view 1 with the inventive double-walled construction of the soil 9 through the second floor 9.1 and

3 the view of a valve according to the invention as a detail in longitudinal section

Best way to execute the invention

In 1 and 2 is a schematic representation of a retort oven 1 shown according to the invention in longitudinal section. The retort oven 1 is in the illustrated embodiment with horizontally aligned retort 3 equipped, that is a horizontal retort oven 1 ,

The retort oven 1 has a furnace housing 2 on. This encloses a first volume space 4 , among which among others the retort 3 and a heater 5 are arranged. The furnace housing 2 takes the retort 3 and the heater 5 on.

The retort 3 is designed as a cylindrical hollow body. This hollow body is at one end by means of a bottom 9 sealed gas-tight. The retort 3 points to the ground 9 opposite a loading opening 10 on, by means of a lid 10.1 is gas-tight closable. Over the loading opening 10 is one of the retort 3 enclosed second volume space 6 , which is the actual utility, that is, treatment room of the retort oven 1 represents, achievable. Over the loading opening 10 become heat-treated workpieces, for example, to a batch 7 are summarized in the retort 3 given. One Unload the retort 3 also finds over the loading opening 10 instead of.

The from the furnace housing 2 recorded heater 5 serves to heat the furnace housing 2 enclosed first volume space 4 commonly referred to as oven space. As a result of the heating of this furnace space is due to heat transfer to the retort 3 warmed, causing a warming of the inside of the retort 3 arranged batch 7 leads.

In the of the retort 3 enclosed second volume space 6 the heat treatment takes place under a gas atmosphere. To a good circulation of the gas atmosphere and a uniform temperature within the second volume space 6 is achieved by means of a circulation device 8th and by means of a guide 15 a gas flow through the batch 7 generated. The guide 15 is cylindrical, creating an annulus 6.1 between the inner wall of the retort 3 and the guide 15 arises. The gas flows through this annulus 6.1 in the direction of the arrows forward to the side of the lid 10.1 and then through the batch 7 to the rear to the circulation device 8th which flow is indicated by the other arrows.

The gases required for the heat treatment, for example, by pipes, not shown here, with the ground 9 fluidically connected, in the retort 3 be admitted.

After carrying out the heat treatment, the batch is cooled 7 whose effect according to the invention is to be emphasized by substantially new features.

First, gas is released from the retort 3 via a first line designed as an intake pipe 11 that with the ground 9 connected by a cooler 12 by means of an external cooling gas blower 13 aspirated and formed by an inlet pipe designed as a second line 14 back to the retort 3 returned. Between the ground 9 and the circulation device 8th is according to the invention a second floor 9.1 whose diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the retort 3 , Between the floors 9 and 9.1 is a volume space formed by a circumferential ring 18 into an inner volume space 17 and an outer volume space 16 is divided. The inner volume space 17 is by suction 19 with the second volume space 6 in which the batch is 7 located, and with the suction pipe forming the first line 11 fluidically connected. The outer volume space 16 is with the annulus 6.1 and with the second pipe forming the inlet pipe 14 fluidically connected. In this way, hot gas is released from the treatment room 6 sucked off, and cold gas in the annulus 6.1 blown. During the heat treatment are the pipes 11 and 14 with lids 25 ( 3 ) in first and second butterfly valves 20 . 21 locked.

The butterfly valves 20 . 21 are in 3 shown in more detail. They are by means of flange connections 23 . 24 into the pipes 11 . 14 built-in. According to the invention they have a lid 25 on top of an entrance opening 26 in the pipes 11 . 14 completely gastight closes. The lid 25 is on a support arm 27 at the fulcrum 32 rotatably mounted. Via a swivel arm 22 and a coupling element 30 which is in a slot 31 on the swivel arm 22 engages, is the lid 25 with a piston rod 29 a drive 28 like adjusting cylinder attached. By retracting and extending the piston rod 29 becomes the lid 25 opened or closed. The lid 25 pivots when opened in a receiving space 33 into it, thereby the entire flow cross section of the inlet opening in the opened state 26 Approved. holding arm 27 and drive 28 like jack cylinders are with one stone 35 connected, which can be completely disassembled, leaving the installation opening 34 the arrangement is freely accessible.

This Embodiment includes the novel training on the one hand with the first variant of the invention and on the other hand with the second Invention variant, which combines as a third variant of the invention here are shown.

Industrial Applicability

The by the invention changed arrangement of the double bottom and / or those by the changed Lid movement achieved effects create the operator of a Retort oven an essential use value increase in the With regard to a much faster cooling of the heat-treated Workpieces.

1

retort furnace

2

furnace housing

3

retort

4

first volume space

5

heater

6

treatment room

6.1

annulus

7

charge

8th

circulation

9

ground

9.1

second ground

10

loading port

10.1

cover

11

first management

12

cooler

13

Cooling gas blower

14

second management

15

guide

16

outer volume space

17

internal volume space

18

ring

19

Saugroh

20

first adjustable flap

21

second adjustable flap

22

swivel arm

23

first flange

24

second flange

25

cover

26

inlet opening

27

holding arm

28

Drive / actuator cylinder

29

piston rod

30

coupling element

31

Long hole

32

pivot point

33

accommodation space

34

installation opening

35

flap

36

casing

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - DE 2010433 [0002]
• - DE 2754034 A [0002]
• - DE 3028952 C2 [0002]
• DE 3143532 A1 [0002]
• - DE 3631389 C2 [0002]
• - DE 10338431 A1 [0002]

Claims (16)

Retort oven ( 1 ) for the heat treatment of metallic workpieces, comprising one of a furnace housing ( 2 ) with heating device ( 5 ) surrounded, cylindrically shaped retort ( 3 ), which a) have a treatment room ( 6 ) for a batch ( 7 ) encloses workpieces, b) at one end by means of a bottom ( 9 ) gas-tight and there fluidically to at least two gas-leading, by means of a valve ( 20 . 21 ) closable lines ( 11 . 14 ) and c) at the other end a gas-tight closable feed opening 10 characterized in that the floor ( 9 ) forming a gap a second floor ( 9.1 ) and this intermediate space through a first volume space ( 16 ) and a second volume space ( 17 ) is divided into two gas-tightly separated annular spaces, which first volume space ( 16 ) with the first line ( 14 ) and which second volume space ( 17 ) with the first line ( 11 ), whereby the circulation of the cold gas by means of a streamlined cooling volume flow and thus the cooling of the charge ( 7 ) is acceleratable. Retort oven ( 1 ) for the heat treatment of metallic workpieces, comprising one of a furnace housing ( 2 ) with heating device ( 5 ) surrounded, cylindrically shaped retort ( 3 ), which a) have a treatment room ( 6 ) for a batch ( 7 ) encloses workpieces, b) at one end by means of a bottom ( 9 ) gas-tight and there fluidically to at least two gas-leading, by means of a valve ( 20 . 21 ) closable lines ( 11 . 14 ) and c) at the other end a gas-tight closable feed opening 10 characterized in that the first and second valve ( 20 . 21 ) one each a recording room ( 33 ) comprehensive housing ( 36 ) into which a lid ( 25 ) is hineinbewegbar in such a way that the flow cross-section of each line ( 11 . 14 ) with the lid open ( 25 ) is completely released and a streamlined design of the receiving space ( 33 ) and a gaseous volume flow in each line ( 11 . 14 ) is streamlined feasible. Retort oven ( 1 ) for the heat treatment of metallic workpieces, comprising one of a furnace housing ( 2 ) with heating device ( 5 ) surrounded, cylindrically shaped retort ( 3 ), which a) have a treatment room ( 6 ) for a batch ( 7 ) encloses workpieces, b) at one end by means of a bottom ( 9 ) gas-tight and there fluidically to at least two gas-leading, by means of a valve ( 20 . 21 ) closable lines ( 11 . 14 ) and c) at the other end a gas-tight closable feed opening 10 characterized by the combination of features that d) the soil ( 9 ) forming a gap a second floor ( 9.1 ), this intermediate space being defined by a first volume space ( 16 ) and a second volume space ( 17 ) divided into two gas-tightly separated annular spaces and which first volume space ( 16 ) with the second line ( 14 ) and which second volume space ( 17 ) with the first line ( 11 ), e) the first and second butterfly valves ( 20 . 21 ) one each a recording room ( 33 ) comprehensive housing ( 36 ) into which a lid ( 25 ) is hineinbewegbar in such a way that the flow cross-section of each line ( 11 . 14 ) with the lid open ( 25 ) is completely released and f) the first volume space ( 16 ) and the second volume space ( 17 ) in fluidic interaction with the open position of the lid ( 25 ) the flow cross section of each line ( 11 . 14 ) completely releasing functions of the lid ( 25 ) to a streamlined circulation of the cold gas and thus rapid cooling of the batch ( 7 ) to lead. Retort oven according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the outer diameter of the second floor ( 9.1 ) of the soil ( 9 ) smaller than the inner diameter of the retort ( 3 ) is dimensioned. Retort oven according to one of claims 1 or 3 and 4, characterized in that the outer first volume space ( 16 ) fluidically via the second line ( 14 ) to an external cooling gas blower ( 13 ) connected. Retort oven according to one of claims 1 or 3 and 4 or 5, characterized in that the inner second volume space ( 17 ) fluidically via the first line ( 11 ) to an external cooler ( 12 ) connected. Retort oven according to one of claims 1 or 3 and 4 to 6, characterized in that the inner second volume space ( 17 ) on suction pipes ( 19 ) connected to that of the retort ( 3 ) enclosed treatment room ( 6 ) are connected. Retort oven according to one of claims 1 or 3 and 4 to 7, characterized in that the first volume space ( 16 ) and the second volume space ( 17 ) through a ring ( 18 ) is divided into two gas-tight separate annular spaces. Retort oven according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that in the receiving space ( 33 ) of the housing ( 36 ) of each butterfly valve ( 20 . 21 ) movable covers ( 25 ) a swivel arm ( 22 ) around a pivot point ( 32 ) on a holding arm ( 27 ) is arranged pivotably. Retort oven according to one of claims 2 or 3 and 9, characterized in that the swivel arm ( 22 ) can be pivoted by> 90 ° on the holding arm ( 27 ) is arranged. Retort oven according to one of claims 2 or 3 and 9 or 10, characterized in that the swivel arm ( 22 ) with a drive ( 28 ) connected is. Retort oven according to one of claims 2 or 3 and 9 to 11, characterized in that the drive ( 28 ) is formed by a pneumatic actuating cylinder. Retort oven according to one of claims 2 or 3 and 9 to 12, characterized in that the housing ( 36 ) by means of a first flange connection ( 23 ) and a second flange connection ( 24 ) in each one of the lines ( 11 . 14 ) are detachably arranged. Retort oven according to one of claims 2 or 3 and 9 to 13, characterized in that the housing ( 36 ) one by means of a flap ( 35 ) lockable installation opening ( 34 ) having. Retort oven according to one of claims 2 or 3 and 9 to 14, characterized in that the drive ( 28 ) on the flap ( 35 ) is arranged and a flap ( 35 ) gas-tight penetrating piston rod ( 29 ), which by means of a coupling element ( 30 ) of the piston rod ( 29 ) and a slot ( 30 ) of the swivel arm ( 22 ) for actuating the lid ( 25 ) is articulated. Retort oven according to one of claims 2 or 3 and 9 to 15, characterized in that the holding arm ( 27 ) on the flap ( 35 ) is arranged.