JP5433664B2 - Retort furnace for heat treatment of metal workpieces - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention is a retort furnace for heat treatment of metal workpieces, for example bright annealing, annealing under nitrogen or nitrogen / hydrogen (annealing), nitriding or carbonitriding, wherein the individual retort furnaces are The present invention relates to a retort furnace including a furnace housing including a retort, a heating device, and a circulation device, and in some cases including a combination thereof to improve heat treatment efficiency.

  Various configurations of retort furnaces for heat treatment of metal workpieces are known in the prior art, for example, as described in Patent Document 1 to Patent Document 6.

  In retort furnaces, it has been proposed many times to mainly increase the efficiency of heat treatment. However, in the retort furnace, it is particularly important that the workpiece is continuously and uniformly cooled after the uniform heat treatment of the workpiece to be heat-treated. This is itself a non-productive processing step and therefore more careful consideration is desired.

  A retort furnace for heat treatment of metal workpieces includes a retort surrounded by a furnace housing. The retort is formed in a cylindrical shape and is hermetically sealed by a bottom portion at one end thereof. At the same time, the retort has a loading port. The loading port functions to introduce or remove the workpiece to be heat-treated into or out of the retort. It is preferable that the charging port can be hermetically sealed by a lid configured to be rotatable.

  The furnace housing basically provides a volume space. A retort is disposed inside the volume space, among other things. This retort provides a volume space which is a basic heat treatment chamber. In addition to the retort, a heating element is further provided inside the volume space formed by the furnace housing. This heating element functions to heat the retort in a given application of the retort furnace, and thus functions to heat the process chamber surrounded by the retort.

  The heat treatment of the processed product is basically performed under the influence of gas. For this reason, the retort preferably has a connection pipe that enables connection of the gas guide pipe on the bottom side (the downstream end portion of the gas). Through this tube, it is possible to selectively flow gases and / or gas mixtures into the processing chamber defined by the retort. Such a gas may be, for example, a processing gas, an oxidizing gas, a cooling gas, and / or a corresponding gas mixture.

  Within the scope of implementation of a predetermined method for heat treating a metal workpiece, typically the step of maintaining the workpiece at one or more temperature levels (depending on the heat treatment) is performed after the step of heating the workpiece. And then the step of cooling the workpiece is performed.

  There is a need to heat and cool the workpiece as quickly and uniformly as possible during both heating and cooling. During the step of maintaining a predetermined temperature level, maximizing the temperature of the workpiece in the charge and supplying the gas as uniformly as possible to any position of the charge. Desired. For this purpose, the atmosphere present inside the hermetically sealed retort is circulated. This is done by a circulation device. The circulation device is basically arranged inside the retort.

  In order to improve the circulation and uniformity of the furnace atmosphere and furnace temperature, it is known from the prior art to install so-called gas induction cylinders. The gas induction cylinder is forcibly guided in the furnace atmosphere by being combined with the circulation unit.

  It can also be seen that according to the prior art, the retort is in fluid communication with at least one gas guide tube. This gas guide pipe can be sealed by a so-called regulating valve. Thus, for example, to cool the workpiece, gas can be drawn from the retort through the gas induction tube, guided through the cooling device, and returned to the retort through the second gas induction tube.

  In the scope of implementation of the predetermined method for heat-treating a metal workpiece using the above-described retort furnace, the gas induction pipe is separated from the internal space of the retort, and the gas flows into the internal space of the retort. It is necessary to avoid or to prevent the gas atmosphere existing in the internal space of the retort from flowing out through the gas induction pipe. In order to separate the gas guide pipe from the internal space of the retort, so-called regulating valves are known from the prior art. The regulating valve is configured as a plate that is pivotably disposed in each gas guide pipe. The plate can be rotated at least 90 ° and can be placed in the open or closed position. In the closed position, the flow cross section of the gas guide tube is substantially sealed, so that it is possible to separate the gas guide tube from the retort interior space. In the open position, the flow cross section of the gas guide tube is substantially open, so that one gas guide tube communicates with the interior space of the other retort.

  Again, it appears that a regulating valve, known from the prior art, for closing the gas induction tube in fluid communication with the retort of the retort furnace has proven effective. However, this regulating valve is required to be improved particularly with respect to the operation according to the function and the fluid technical configuration.

DE-AS 2 010 433 DE-OS 27 54 034 DE 30 28 952 C2 DE 31 43 532 A1 DE 36 31 389 C2 DE 103 38 431 A1 DE 2 054 666 A

  The object of the present invention is to cool the heat-treated product as rapidly and uniformly as possible.

  The gas flow that is sucked from the retort and guided back through the external cooling device to cool the workpiece is returned to the retort is a cooling gas that can be circulated well and interferes with the cooling volume flow rate Flow resistance is avoided.

  In addition, the configuration according to the invention at the bottom of the retort and / or a regulating valve connected to the retort of the retort furnace for closing the gas induction tube with functional reliability is generally more advantageous hydrodynamically. Create a state.

The above problem is solved by the following three aspects.

According to the first aspect, in the retort furnace for heat treatment of the metal workpiece, the bottom portion includes the second bottom portion so as to form an intermediate space between the bottom portion, that is, the bottom portion is doubled. It is composed of heavy walls. The intermediate space is divided into two annular spaces that are hermetically separated from each other by an outer volume space and an inner volume space. The outer volume space is connected to the second tube, and the inner volume space is connected to the first tube. This makes it possible to accelerate the circulation of the cooling gas using a cooling volume flow rate that is hydrodynamically advantageous, so that the charge can be cooled.

  According to the second aspect, in this type of retort furnace, the first and second regulating valves each form a housing containing a receiving space, into the housing, the lid being in the open position Sometimes the flow cross-section of each tube is fully open and movable and a receiving space for hydrodynamically favorable flow is provided, and gas volume flow is hydrodynamically advantageous within each tube. Can be guided to.

A third aspect is to combine the above-described plurality of configurations, to fuse these advantageous features functionally and to act as a whole. Here, the retort furnace is
The bottom comprises a second bottom so as to form an intermediate space with the bottom, the intermediate space being hermetically separated from each other by an outer volume space and an inner volume space; A group of features that are divided into two annular spaces, the outer volume space being connected to the second tube, and the inner volume space being connected to the first tube;
The first and second regulating valves are each a group of features forming a housing containing the receiving space, into the housing, the lid being in flow in each tube when the lid is in the open position; A group of features that are movable so that the cross-section is completely open, and
-Combining both features, the outer volume space and the inner volume space interact fluidically with the function of the lid to fully open the flow cross section of each tube when the lid is in the open position; Cooling gas is advantageously circulated hydrodynamically, so that the charge can be quenched.

  In the first and third aspects, the outer diameter of the second bottom portion of the bottom portion is smaller than the inner diameter of the retort.

  Furthermore, the outer volume space can be communicated with an external cooling gas blower via a second tube, and the inner volume space can be communicated with an external cooler via a first tube. This allows hot gas present in the retort to be discharged and transported to an external cooler.

  Advantageously, the inner volume space can be connected to a suction pipe which is connected to a processing chamber surrounded by a retort.

Ultimately, the first and second aspects are more complete when the outer and inner volume spaces are hermetically divided into two annular spaces that are hermetically separated from each other by a ring. This ring can be introduced with advantage in processing technology, for example by welding.

In the second and third aspects, the lid that can move into the receiving space of the housing of each of the first and second regulating valves has a pivot arm. The pivot arm is disposed on the support arm so as to be pivotable about the rotation axis. The pivot arm can be installed on the support arm so that it can pivot 90 ° or more, and it is effective to be connected to the drive device. The drive device can be formed by a pneumatic control cylinder.

  The housing has to be replaceably mounted in a tube by means of a first flange joint and a second flange joint, respectively, and a mounting opening that can be closed by a valve to facilitate the mounting. It is necessary to have a part.

  The drive device described above can advantageously be arranged on the valve. Here, the valve has an airtight form of a piston rod. The piston rod is hinged by a piston rod coupling element and a pivot arm slot to actuate the lid. Here, the support arm can be arranged on the valve in a functionally advantageous manner.

  The configuration of the bottom part of the retort according to the present invention, i.e., the structure in which the bottom part of the retort is divided into two annular spaces which are formed into a double wall and are airtightly separated from each other by forming a volume space, The structural principle modified according to the invention, i.e. a gas guide tube which can be opened and closed by a regulating valve, is connected to a housing containing a receiving space, where the lid is movable inward so that the lid is in the open position The above-mentioned problem is optimally solved with regard to improving the overall flow relationship in the retort furnace, by virtue of the construction principle that the flow cross-section of each tube is completely open.

  Simply constructing the bottom into a double wall already brings success. The reason for this is that the cooling gas is circulated very well and advantageously a very good circulation of the furnace atmosphere and thus a flow flowing between the workpieces to be heat-treated is realized.

  On the other hand, by simply changing the movement of the lid of the regulating valve for the cooling gas, conditions that are advantageous in terms of fluid technology are already realized as a whole.

  However, in a combination of these, the construction of the bottom in a double wall and the changing of the movement of the lid are functionally fused together in a hydrotechnical action.

  It is emphasized that the cooling gas or the cooling gas mixture can be supplied from the outside into the outer annular space by an external cooling gas blower.

  The inner annular space is in fluid communication with the actual processing chamber of the charge, surrounded by the retort. For this purpose, a suction pipe is provided for fluidly communicating the inner annular space with the processing chamber of the retort.

  The cooling gas supplied to the outer annular space can flow into the processing chamber surrounded by the retort through the opening. Here, the dimensions of these connection ports are such that the cooling gas existing in the outer annular space flows out of the opening at a relatively high speed and is surrounded by the retort according to the performance of the cooling blower. It is set so that it can flow in.

  A through-hole that fluidly communicates the outer annular space with the processing chamber of the retort is located on the front side of the inner wall at the bottom of the double wall, i.e. between one inner wall and the column surface of the other retort. It is preferable that it is formed.

  This configuration can be realized, for example, by configuring the outer diameter of the retort-side wall, that is, the inner wall of the bottom of the double wall, to be smaller than the inner diameter of the retort. As a result, an annular gap is formed between the inner wall at the bottom of one double wall and the inside of the column surface of the other retort. The annular gap may be divided into individual through holes. This is achieved, for example, by connecting the inner wall at the bottom of the double wall to the column surface of the retort at a predetermined distance on the front side, for example, by welding.

  The above-described configuration of the annular gap, that is, the through-hole that fluidly communicates the outer annular space with the processing chamber of the retort, the cooling gas flowing in through the outer annular space is close to the column surface of the retort and the retort column. It has the advantage of being introduced into the retort processing chamber parallel to the surface.

  This results in a very good overall flow that flows between the workpiece charges present in the retort. This correspondingly makes the heat transfer between one gas stream and the other workpiece charge very good.

  The above-described arrangement makes it possible to suck in the hot gas present in the retort, i.e. the hot atmosphere present in the retort, by means of a suction pipe connected in the volume space encompassed by the retort. Here, the sucked-in gas, that is, the sucked-in atmosphere, is guided through an annular space inside the bottom portion formed in the double wall of the retort.

  For suction, the inner annular space is connected to a cooler. The sucked gas is led through a cooler and cooled. This gas, i.e. the previous processing atmosphere, can be reused as a cooling gas which is preferably fed back into the annular space outside the bottom of the double wall of the retort. This can be done with the aid of the cooling gas blower described above.

  The cooling gas conveyed to the outer annular space flows again into the retort working chamber, i.e., the processing chamber, and preferably flows near the column surface of the retort, and as a result, near the inside of the column surface of the retort. The inflowing cooling gas is forcibly guided in parallel with the retort. As a result, a flow is generated inside the retort. This flow is such that the hot gas or hot furnace atmosphere flows out of the interior area of the volume space surrounded by the retort, and at the same time the cooling gas is directed into the outer end area of the volume space surrounded by the retort. This is a characteristic flow. As a result, a flow circulation is formed in the retort, i.e., the addition of the volume flow of one external cooling fan and the volume flow of the circulation device present in the other retort. As a result of this flow circulation, the gas flow between the workpiece charges in the retort is improved compared to the prior art. This provides better heat transfer between the workpiece charge and the gas or gas mixture. That is, rapid cooling of the charge is guided.

  The structure described above can find general application in retort furnaces. That is, the above-described structure can be used not only for a horizontal type retort furnace but also for a vertical type retort furnace.

  This advantageous function supports the configuration of the regulating valve according to the invention. The regulating valve is provided with an extension in the form of a housing that provides a receiving space. The lid can be moved into the housing or into the receiving space. That is, the lid is movable so that the flow cross section of the gas guide tube is completely opened when the lid is in the open position.

  This arrangement, unlike the known prior art, advantageously makes it possible to avoid unnecessary flow resistance. When opening a rotary valve known from the prior art, this rotary valve has the disadvantage that it shifts from a lateral position to a longitudinal position that at least partially covers the flow cross section of the gas induction tube. ing. This has the disadvantage of introducing unnecessary flow resistance. This limits the efficiency of the gas blower connected to the gas induction tube and leads to a decrease in gas volume flow.

  With the structure according to the invention, these drawbacks are eliminated. This is because, when the lid is in the open position, it is moved inside the extension that provides the receiving space. For this reason, the flow cross-section of the gas induction tube is completely opened and unnecessary flow resistance is completely avoided.

  According to the present invention, it is provided that the lid is configured to be pivotable. After this, the lid is moved as a swiveling movement into the housing providing the receiving space. This pivotability of the lid can be realized, for example, by placing the lid on a pivot arm and placing the lid hinged to, for example, a support arm.

  In this way, the pivot arm and thus the lid arranged on the pivot arm can be easily pivoted with respect to the support arm. At this time, it is preferable that the pivot arm is capable of rotating at least 90 °, more preferably 95 °.

  The ability to pivot at least 90 ° theoretically provides the advantage that the lid can be pressurized against the connecting pipe of the gas induction tube with a predetermined contact pressure. This acts to hermetically seal the gas guiding tube, particularly in combination with a sealing body provided on the tube side and / or the lid side. In the closing valve used as a lid in the prior art, it is impossible to separate the gas guide pipe and the internal space of the other retort in an airtight manner. This is because, due to manufacturing tolerances, wear occurs and / or the coefficients of thermal expansion differ, so that an annular gap always remains between the inside of one gas guide tube and the other closing valve.

  According to one configuration of the lid, it is provided that the pivot arm is hinged to the control cylinder. This control cylinder allows the pivot arm to pivot relative to the support arm. The control cylinder preferably operates pneumatically. However, other configurations are possible, such as a control cylinder or actuator that operates hydraulically or mechanically.

  This configuration advantageously allows the lid device itself to be installed or mounted within the scope of additional equipment. The regulating valve is easily installed as an intermediate part between the flange joints of the gas induction pipe.

  According to the invention, the housing has a mounting opening. This mounting opening subsequently allows access to the lid adjustment mechanism, in particular the pivot arm, the lid itself, and possibly the control cylinder. Removal, repair or other post-processing is easily possible.

  Here, it is preferable that the mounting opening can be hermetically sealed by a correspondingly configured valve.

  In a retort furnace, it is optimal to apply a combination of a double wall configuration at the bottom and changing the movement of the lid. Because of this, in this kind of retort furnace, which is the subject of the present invention, the heat-treated workpiece is uniformly and intensively cooled, the cooling gas is circulated well, and unnecessary resistance that hinders the cooling volume flow rate is reduced. This is because avoidance is realized to the maximum extent.

  Therefore, the configuration according to the present invention at the bottom of the retort and the regulating valve connected to the retort of the retort furnace for closing the gas induction pipe for cooling gas with functional reliability as a whole are charged. Create a fluid-technical state that allows for rapid cooling of things.

It is sectional drawing of the retort furnace which concerns on this invention. FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of FIG. 1, in which the bottom 9 is constituted by a second bottom 9.1 in a double wall according to the invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the regulating valve which concerns on this invention as one member.

  The invention is explained in more detail in the following examples with reference to an embodiment of the invention.

  1 and 2 show a retort furnace III. 1 is shown in a schematic longitudinal section. In the illustrated embodiment, the retort furnace III. 1 includes a horizontally arranged retort III. 3 is provided. That is, the retort furnace III. 1 is a horizontal retort furnace III. 1.

Retort furnace III. 1 includes furnace housing III. 2 has. Furnace housing III. 2 is the main volume space III. 4 and the main volume space III. 4 has, among other things, retort III. 3 and heating device III. 5 is arranged. Therefore, the furnace housing III. 2 is retort III. 3 and heating device III. 5 is housed.

Retort III. 3 is configured as a cylindrical hollow body. This hollow body has a bottom III. 9 is hermetically sealed. Retort III. 3 is the bottom III. 9 and the inlet III. 10 is provided. Inlet III. 10 is a lid III. 10.1 can be hermetically sealed. Inlet III. 10 through retort III. Process chamber surrounded by 3 III. 6 is reachable. Processing chamber III. 6 is a retort furnace III. 1 shows an original working room. Inlet III. 10, the workpiece to be heat treated (for example, collectively shown as charge III.7) is retorted III. 3 is supplied. Retort III. 3 is also removed from the inlet III. 10 is performed.

Furnace housing III. 2. Heating device housed in II. 5 is a furnace housing III. Main volume space surrounded by 2 III. 4 functions to heat. Primary volume space III. 4 is generally called the furnace chamber. As a result of heating the furnace chamber, retort III. 3 is heated, thereby causing retort III. 3. Charges placed inside 3 7 heating is led.

Retort III. Process chamber surrounded by 3 III. 6, heat treatment under a gas atmosphere is performed. The gas atmosphere is circulated well, and the processing chamber III. 6 to achieve a uniform temperature inside the charge III. 7 through which the gas flow passes through the circulation device III. 8 and ventilation means III. 15 is generated. Ventilation means III. 15 is configured in a cylindrical shape. For this reason, retort III. 3 inner wall and ventilation means III. 15 between the annular space III. 6.1 is formed. Gas is used in this annular space III. 6.1 and forward, lid III. 10.1 to the side, flowing in the direction of the arrow, after which charge III. 7 and rearwardly in the circulation device III. It flows to 8.

  The gas necessary for the heat treatment is, for example, bottom III. 9 through a pipe (not shown) in fluid communication with retort III. 3 can be allowed to flow.

  After the heat treatment, the charge III. 7 is cooled. According to the present invention, the efficiency of cooling is further perfected by fundamentally novel features.

The gas is then retort III. 3 to the bottom III. 9 connected to the first tube configured as a suction pipe III. 11 and an external cooling gas blower III. 13 cooler III. 12, a second tube aspirated and configured as an injection pipe III. 14 and retort III. Guided in 3 and come back. Bottom III. 9 and the circulation device III. 8 to the second bottom III. 9.1 is provided. Second bottom III. The diameter of 9.1 is equal to the retort III. 3 is smaller than the inner diameter. These bottoms III. 9 and III. Between 9.1, a volume space is formed. This volume space is defined as an annular ring III. 18 to the inner volume space III. 17 and the outer volume space III. It is divided into 16. Inner volume space III. 17 is a suction pipe III. 19 according to charge III. Processing chamber in which 7 is installed III. 6 and the first tube forming the suction pipe III. 11 is in fluid communication. Outer volume space III. 16 is an annular space III. 6.1 and the second tube forming the injection pipe III. 14 in fluid communication. In this way, the hot gas is passed through the processing chamber III. 6 and the cooling gas is introduced into the annular space III. 6.1 Be blown into. During heat treatment, these tubes III. 11 and III. 14 includes a first regulating valve III. 20 and the second regulating valve III. Lid in 21 III. 25 (FIG. 3).

In FIG. 3, the regulating valve III. 20, III. 21 is shown in more detail. Regulating valve III. 20, III. 21 is a flange joint III. 23, III. 24, tube III. 11, III. 14 is built in. According to the invention, the regulating valve III. 20, III. 21 is a lid III. 25. Lid III. 25, tube III. 11, III. 14 inflow port III. 26 is hermetically sealed. Lid III. 25 is the rotation axis III. 32. Support arm III. 27 is attached. Lid III. 25 is a pivot arm III. 22 and pivot arm III. 22 slots III. 31. Coupling element engaged with 31. 30 and a drive device such as a control cylinder III. 28 piston rods III. 29 is fixed. Piston rod III. 29 reciprocating movements, the lid III. 25 opens and closes. Lid III. 25 swivels in the open state to receive space III. Enter 33. For this reason, in the open state, the inlet III. All 26 flow cross sections are open. Support arm III. 27 and a drive device such as a control cylinder III. 28 is the lid III. 35. Lid III. 35 can be completely removed and the mounting openings III. This configuration is freely accessible via 34.

  This embodiment includes a novel configuration having one first aspect of the present invention and the other second aspect of the present invention. These aspects are presented herein as a third aspect of the invention in a combined state.

  Retort furnaces manufactured according to the present invention or variations thereof III. 1. In addition to the manufacturer's benefit, one can obtain an increased practical value and increased availability of retort furnaces by the operator in the area of industrial heat treatment of metal workpieces. Even with each realized variant, the expected increase in heat treatment efficiency will be achieved. The present invention allows for more efficient operation of retort furnaces in related industries.

III. 1 Retort furnace III. 2 Furnace housing III. 3 Retort III. 4. Main volume space III. 5 Heating device III. 6 Processing chamber III. 6.1 Annular space III. 7 Charge III. 8 Circulator III. 9 Bottom (downstream end of gas)
III. 9.1 Second bottom III. 10 Loading port III. 10.1 Lid III. 11 First tube III. 12 Cooler III. 13 Cooling gas blower III. 14 Second tube III. 15 Ventilation means III. 16 Outer volume space III. 17 Inner volume space III. 18 Ring III. 19 Suction pipe III. 20 First regulating valve III. 21 Second regulating valve III. 22 Pivot arm III. 23 First flange joint III. 24 Second flange joint III. 25 Lid III. 26 Inlet III. 27 Support arm III. 28 Drive / Control Cylinder III. 29 Piston rod III. 30 Connecting element III. 31 slots III. 32 Rotating shaft III. 33 Receiving space III. 34 Mounting opening III. 35 Lid III. 36 Regulating valve housing

Claims (16)

A retort furnace (III.1) for heat treatment of metal workpieces, comprising a cylindrical retort (III.3), the retort (III.3) comprising a heating device (III.5) Surrounded by the furnace housing (III.2) and a) surrounding the processing chamber (III.6) for the workpiece charge (III.7),
b) At least two gases that are hermetically sealed at one end by the bottom (III.9) and can be opened and closed at the one end using the first and second regulating valves (III.20, III.21), respectively . In fluid communication with the guide tube (III.11, III.14);
c) having an inlet (III.10) capable of being hermetically sealed at the other end;
In order to cool the workpiece, a gas stream is sucked from the retort (III.3), guided through an external cooling device, again guided back into the retort (III.3), and the cooling gas is In the retort furnace (III.1) being circulated,
The bottom portion (III.9) includes a second bottom portion (III.9.1) so as to form an intermediate space with the bottom portion (III.9), and the intermediate space has an outer side. Are divided into two annular spaces that are hermetically separated from each other by an inner volume space (III.16) and an inner volume space (III.17), and the outer volume space (III.16) is a second space. The inner volume space (III.17) is connected to the first pipe (III.11), and the cooling gas is flowed using a predetermined cooling volume flow rate. The retort furnace (III.1) is characterized in that the circulation of the reactor (III.1) can be accelerated and, as a result, the cooling of the charge (III.7) can be accelerated. A retort furnace (III.1) for heat treatment of metal workpieces, comprising a cylindrical retort (III.3), the retort (III.3) comprising a heating device (III.5) Surrounded by the furnace housing (III.2) and a) surrounding the processing chamber (III.6) for the workpiece charge (III.7),
b) At least two gases that are hermetically sealed at one end by the bottom (III.9) and can be opened and closed at the one end using the first and second regulating valves (III.20, III.21), respectively. In fluid communication with the guide tube (III.11, III.14);
c) In the retort furnace (III.1) having an inlet (III.10) capable of hermetically sealing at the other end,
The first and second regulating valves (III.20, III.21) each form a housing (III.36) containing a receiving space (III.33), into the housing (III.36), The lid (III.25) is movable so that the flow cross-section of each tube (III.11, III.14) is fully open when the lid (III.25) is in the open position. Yes, the receiving space (III.33) for the flow of cooling gas is provided, and the cooling gas volume flow rate can be guided to a predetermined amount in each of the tubes (III.11, III.14) A retort furnace (III.1) characterized in that A retort furnace (III.1) for heat treatment of metal workpieces, comprising a cylindrical retort (III.3), the retort (III.3) comprising a heating device (III.5) Surrounded by the furnace housing (III.2) and a) surrounding the processing chamber (III.6) for the workpiece charge (III.7),
b) At least two gases that are hermetically sealed at one end by the bottom (III.9) and can be opened and closed at the one end using the first and second regulating valves (III.20, III.21), respectively. In fluid communication with the guide tube (III.11, III.14);
c) In the retort furnace (III.1) having, at the other end, a gas-sealable inlet (III.10),
d) The bottom portion (III.9) includes a second bottom portion (III.9.1) so as to form an intermediate space between the bottom portion (III.9) and the intermediate space, The outer volume space (III.16) and the inner volume space (III.17) are divided into two annular spaces hermetically separated from each other, the outer volume space (III.16) Connected to the second tube (III.14), the inner volume space (III.17) is connected to the first tube (III.11),
e) The first and second regulating valves (III.20, III.21) each form a housing (III.36) including a receiving space (III.33), the housing (III.36) Inward, the lid (III.25) is such that the flow cross-section of each said tube (III.11, III.14) is fully open when the lid (III.25) is in the open position, Is movable,
f) the outer volume space (III.16) and the inner volume space (III.17) when the lid (III.25) is in the open position, the tubes (III.11, III.14). ) Interacting with the function of the lid (III.25) to completely open the flow cross section of the cooling gas, and thereby allowing the charge (III.7) to be rapidly cooled. A retort furnace (III.1).   The outer diameter of the second bottom part (III.9.1) of the bottom part (III.9) is smaller than the inner diameter of the retort (III.3). The retort furnace described.   The outer volume space (III.16) is in fluid communication with an external cooling gas blower (III.13) via the second pipe (III.14). The retort furnace according to any one of 3 and 4.   The inner volume space (III.17) is in fluid communication with an external cooler (III.12) via the first tube (III.11). The retort furnace according to any one of 4, 4 and 5.   The processing chamber in which the inner volume space (III.17) is connected to a suction pipe (III.19), and the suction pipe (III.19) is surrounded by the retort (III.3). The retort furnace according to claim 1, wherein the retort furnace is connected to (III.6).   The outer volume space (III.16) and the inner volume space (III.17) are divided by a ring (III.18) into two annular spaces that are hermetically separated from each other. The retort furnace according to any one of claims 1, 3, and 4 to 7.   The lid (III.25) is movable into the receiving space (III.33) of the housing (III.36) of each regulating valve (III.20, III.21), and a pivot arm (III .22), the pivot arm (III.22) being arranged on the support arm (III.27) so as to be pivotable about the axis of rotation (III.32) The retort furnace according to claim 2 or 3.   Retort furnace according to claim 9, characterized in that the pivot arm (III.22) is arranged on the support arm (III.27) so that it can pivot more than 90 °.   Retort furnace according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the pivot arm (III.22) is connected to a drive (III.28).   Retort furnace according to claim 11, characterized in that the drive device (III.28) is formed by a pneumatic control cylinder.   The housing (III.36) is removable using a first flange joint (III.23) and a second flange joint (III.24) in each of the pipes (III.11, III.14). The retort furnace according to any one of claims 2 and 3, and 9 to 12.   The housing (III.36) has a mounting opening (III.34), and the mounting opening (III.34) can be opened and closed by a lid (III.35). Or the retort furnace of any one of 3, 9-13. The housing (III.36) has a mounting opening (III.34), and the mounting opening (III.34) can be opened and closed by a lid (III.35);
The drive device (III.28) includes a piston rod (III.29) disposed on the lid (III.35) and penetrating air tightly through the lid (III.35). The piston rod (III.29) of the connecting element (III.30) of the piston rod (III.29) and the pivot arm (III.22) for operating the lid (III.25). Retort furnace according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that it is hinged by a slot (III.30).   Retort furnace according to claim 15, characterized in that the support arm (III.27) is arranged on the lid (III.35).

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