DE202008006221U1 - Loosening device, feeding and separating system, depositing and drying system, substrate handling system - Google Patents

Abstract

loosening device for a stack (2) along a stacking axis (3) stacked flat substrates (4, 8, 11, 13, 15, 41, 42, 43) such as Papers or the like, with a fan wheel designed as a radial fan (5) for generating an airflow (7) for forming an airbag (8, 11, 13, 15, 41, 42, 43) at least between a first flat Substrate (9) and a stack immediately adjacent second flat substrate (10), wherein the fan (5) directly adjacent to an edge side (21) of the stack, the stack (2) directly with the air flow (7) acting, is arranged, characterized in that the fan wheel (5) is designed in this way and / or arranged that the extension (1) of the impact area (B) the air flow (7) on the edge side (21) of the stack (3) transverse to the stacking axis (3) is greater than the diameter (d) the fan wheel (5).

Description

The The invention relates to a loosening device for a Stack of flat substrates stacked along a stacking axis like papers or the like, with a fan wheel for Generating an airflow for forming an airbag, at least between a first flat substrate and one in the stack immediately adjacent second flat substrate, wherein the fan immediately adjacent to an edge side of the stack, the stack is arranged directly acting on the air flow. The invention also relates to a feeding and separating system for in a stack along a stack axis stacked flat substrates such as Papers and the like with a transport device for the first substrate of the stack. Furthermore, the invention relates to a Filing and drying system for in a stack along a flat axis stacked flat printed substrates such as Papers and the like, and a substrate handling system.

loosening devices for deposited in a stack substrates come in particular in feeding and separating systems, in particular in the high-speed feeding and separation area, especially for rectangular, sheet-shaped substrates are used. In addition, loosening devices of the aforementioned type in storage and drying systems for used in a stack deposited printed substrates. loosening devices serve to at least the first substrate of a stack of the immediately adjacent substrate by forming an at least partial Air cushion between the substrates to separate from each other, for example so that the first substrate transported away from a transport device can be without the adjacent second substrate transported becomes. In filing and drying systems comes the loosening device in particular the task, at least one air cushion between the form first and immediately adjacent second substrate of a stack, to an impairment (smearing) of the printed image prevent the second substrate and the drying process to accelerate the print image.

An integrated in a feeding and separating system loosening device of the type mentioned is in the DE 197 14 204 A1 disclosed. In the known loosening device is located above the substrate stack at least one fan for generating an air flow. This airflow generated at a great distance from the edge sides of the substrate stack is directed via air ducts (plastic pipes and / or plastic hoses) with end nozzles to the edge sides of the stack to form an air cushion between adjacent substrates and thus at least partially separate them. Such loosening devices are complex, difficult to assemble and therefore costly to manufacture and in maintenance. However, the known loosening devices have been proven in high-speed Zuführ- and separation systems for small-sized substrates and for substrates with a basis weight of less than 200 g / m ² . In contrast, large-sized substrates and substrates with a weight per unit area of more than 200 g / m ² , in particular more than 250 g / m ^{2, present} difficulties. Particular difficulties are caused by so-called "glossy papers", which are high-gloss or photo papers which are inherently of high weight per unit area, and in the case of such papers, it has been observed that adhesion and friction between the individual sheets within a stack of substrates, especially at higher atmospheric humidity, are identical As a result, individual substrates adhere to the respective adjacent substrate to different degrees, which in turn causes difficulties in forming at least partial separating air cushions, which often leads to a multiple feed and thus to a paper jam in supply and separation systems.

From the US 6,877,734 B2 It is known to arrange a not-described fan impeller stationary next to a stack of paper, wherein the air flow generated by the fan impinges directly, ie directly on the stack. However, due to the provision of a guide nozzle, the air stream impinging on the stack is narrowly focused, whereby a comparatively strong air flow has to be generated in order to separate the papers over a large area from one another. This in turn means that a hold limiter must be provided to prevent the paper from lifting off of the stack in an uncontrolled manner.

From the US 6,746,011 B2 For example, a loosening device is known in which the airflow generated by a radial fan is directed through a variable length duct to a side edge of the stack, thereby attenuating the airflow through the unavoidable pipe friction. Another disadvantage is the strong focus of the air flow.

From the US 6,729,614 B2 It is known to provide a radial flow for loosening a paper stack to produce a radial flow with perpendicular to the stack axis axis of rotation and to redirect the air flow generated by a nozzle by 90 ° in the direction of the paper stack, whereby flow losses. A direct flow of the stack by means of the air flow is on reason of diversion not given.

From the US 2005/0285326 A1 is a loosening device with a designed as a radial fan impeller known, wherein the air flow generated by the fan wheel is narrowly focused by a nozzle housing, whereby the air flow strikes only on a narrow portion of the stack. As a result, similar disadvantages as in the execution of US 8,777,734 B2 expected.

In All the above cases, a fan in Used combination with air guide elements. Because of the size and mass of such ventilation systems only these are only difficult to position accurately and therefore require air guide elements like hoses, nozzles or louvers around the airflow to lead. In addition, substrate hold-downs are required to limit the impact.

The invention has for its object to provide a loosening device for a stack of stacked flat substrates along a stack axis, which is simple on the one hand and on the other hand, a separation of large-sized substrates and / or substrates with a basis weight of about 200 g / m ² satisfactorily enabled. In particular, the loosening device should be suitable for loosening up glossy and photo papers. It is further an object of the invention, for large substrates and / or substrates with a medium to high basis weight, as well as for substrates with large friction differences, especially under humidity, an optimized feeding and separating system, in particular for the high-speed region with a throughput rate of up to 6,000 substrates per hour. Furthermore, a correspondingly optimized filing and drying system is to be provided, which is designed in particular for depositing and drying large-format and / or heavy substrates. Furthermore, a correspondingly improved substrate handling system is to be specified.

Concerning the loosening device is the object of the invention solved by means of a device of the type mentioned, where the fan is a radial fan.

Regarding the feeding and separating system is the task with the features of claim 1 solved. Regarding the filing and drying system will do the job by providing a The loosening device designed according to the concept of the invention solved the type mentioned.

The Invention also leads to a substrate handling system, in particular to a deformation system, duplicating and / or printing and / or scanning system with a loosening device according to the invention. A deformation, cutting or punching system relates in particular to a system (Creasing System) for controlled bending or buckling of substrates, in particular their edges. Also possible are specific shapes for Substrates, also three-dimensional, for example for manufacturing from book spines or folding boxes.

The Invention is based on the consideration that in the state the technology used to apply air ducts necessary are to the airflow from a central fan to To guide the edge sides of the stack, for a costly are producible and difficult to assemble and at the same time the Reduce airflow due to line friction. The Invention has recognized that an optimized air flow on the one hand can be generated by at least one fan in the immediate vicinity of at least one edge side of the Stack is arranged such that the fan from the air flow generated directly from the ambient air - without to have to flow through an air line - on the substrate edges impinges. Furthermore, the invention has recognized that a broad airflow to loosen the substrate stack surprising can be easily generated with a radial fan trained fan, so a fan, the Air from at least one axial direction sucks and the air in radial direction immediately, d. H. directs to the stack.

One The core idea of the invention is that as a radial fan trained fan so form and / or arrange that the impact area of the generated by the fan Air flow to the stack is wider, d. H. transverse to the axis of rotation the fan wheel and across the stack axis longer is the diameter of the fan wheel. To achieve this, is the use of a radial fan in particular Way, since it, especially in a housing-free and / or nozzle-free and / or air guide element-free design at a suitable position for the stack area to be ventilated at high flow rate only moderate pressure builds, but is suitable, an upper part of the pile tangential to ventilate, with the number of ventilated Sheets of fan power, paper weight, and depends on the axial fan blade height.

In other words, the extent of the impingement of the air flow on the stack, ie the extent of the transverse to the stack axis or transverse to the axis of rotation of the fan wheel is greater than the diameter of the fan wheel. This can be realized, for example, that the fan is freely arranged, that is, the air flow generated by it is not passed through a nozzle and / or concentrated by lateral guide plates, that is focused. The impact area on an edge side of the stack is preferably the surface portion to which the airflow generated by the fan impinges without being previously deflected by a nozzle and / or a guide element. Since the air stream impinges in a very wide impact area on the edge side of the stack, surprisingly, very heavy substrates can be loosened up. Another important advantage of the invention is that it is possible to dispense with nozzles or guide elements (guide plates) used in the prior art, and that a positive loosening effect is achieved by dispensing with these nozzles and / or guide plates or guide elements. Preferably, the impact area is about 1.2 to about 4 times longer than the diameter of the fan wheel. In particular, the diameter of the fan wheel is about 3 to 6 cm and the extent of the impact area transverse to the stack axis is about 10 to 15 cm.

According to a preferred embodiment, the axis of rotation (rotation axis) of the radial fan wheel runs at least approximately parallel to the stack axis of the stack, wherein an angle of approximately + 15 ° to the stack axis is just acceptable. In this way, on the one hand, the air flow can be optimized in such a way that even large-format and / or heavy substrates with a basis weight of more than 200 g / m ^{2 can} be loosened up satisfactorily. On the other hand, it is possible to dispense with the air lines necessary in the state of the art, which considerably simplifies the construction of the loosening device according to the invention, which in turn leads to easier assembly and lower production and maintenance costs. It is within the scope of the invention to arrange a plurality of fan wheels, which are spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction of the stack, as radial fans adjacent to at least one edge side of the stack, so that overall a stronger air flow impinges directly on at least one edge side of the stack, thereby improving the air cushion formation , In this case, if possible, all fan wheels should be designed and / or arranged such that the respective impact area of the associated air flow on the edge side (s) of the stack transverse to the respective axis of rotation is longer than the respective fan diameter. Another significant advantage of the arrangement of the fan wheel in the immediate vicinity of an edge side of the stack is that a broader air flow can be generated in a simple manner, which not only allows separation of the first substrate from the adjacent second substrate, but is ensured with the in that a larger number of substrates are separated from each other by means of an air cushion. A further advantage of the concept according to the invention is that the use of a fan formed in particular as an injection molded part or molded plastic part with lower power consumption than in the prior art is possible, since the airflow generated by the fan first has to travel a smaller distance and secondly not is braked in air lines by the line friction. Preferably, the fan is driven by a drive, in particular the fan arranged on a shaft of the drive in the immediate vicinity, preferably in a common housing.

With Advantage is the drive to a 12 V or 24 V Universal or dc motor.

It has proven to be advantageous when the distance of the fan wheel from one edge side of the stack less than 30 mm, preferably less than 25 mm, in particular less than 20 mm, preferably less than 15 mm. The distance is preferably in one Range between about 8 mm and about 12 mm. Especially good loosening results be achieved when the distance of the fan wheel to a Separating wheel and / or to a ramp of a separating device of Half to one third of the substrate length equivalent. The position of the fan wheel relative to the stack axis is preferably chosen such that the center of the Fan at least approximately, in particular before loosening at the height of the first substrate in the pile.

The Invention can be independent of the course realize the stack axis, that is, regardless of whether For example, it is a vertically extending Stack (vertical stacking axis) or one in a horizontal one Direction stacked stack (horizontal stacking direction) or even around a stack stacked in an oblique direction (oblique Stacking axis). The stack axis extends in each case perpendicular to the area chenerstreckung of the substrates. Essential is only that the at least one designed as a radial fan Fan arranged adjacent to an edge side of the stack is, so that the generated, broad air flow directly on the Side edge of the stacked substrates meets and indeed on one Impact area on the stack, whose extension is transverse to the axis of rotation the fan is larger than the diameter of the fan wheel.

advantageous Further developments of the invention are the dependent claims to take in particular and give advantageous opportunities the concept described above within the framework of the task as well as to realize further advantages.

According to one Particularly preferred embodiment is the radial fan free, d. H. housing-free and / or nozzle-free and / or arranged free of air guide to the largest possible Realize impact area.

According to one preferred embodiment of the invention generates the fan a substantially continuous air flow. Have attempts revealed that this creates air cushions of constant size optimally form between two adjacent substrates. The fan wheel does not have to be operated in continuous operation, but it is possible, the fan only then (or shortly before) to activate by means of a control unit, if a separation of the deposited in the stack substrates is necessary. In one integrated into a feeding and separating system Loosening device may, for example, the fan just before, especially 1 to 5 seconds, preferably about 1 to 3 seconds before the request (start signal) of a first substrate activated by the transport device and preferably with a be operated at high speed. The time and the RPM should be be sized so that the at least one air cushion completely can train. After this activation phase, the speed reduced and the fan at a constant speed operate. This can be achieved by reducing the motor current will be realized. By the associated reduction of airflow is achieved that the formed by the substrate reduced Angle of the first substrate in the stack to the ramp of a separating device stays in the limits, which is pushing up the top (first) Allow substrates, so the frictional, compression and bending forces are overcome can. After expiry of a time constant from a start signal for separating the first substrate or at a Sensor signal for a substrate movement is the Speed of the fan wheel increases to the friction to keep the substrate to be separated small, preferably until the Substrate has left the extraction rollers of the separating device. After that The speed can be adjusted to that of at least one substrate parameter dependent basic setting can be reduced.

Preferably is the strength, d. H. the volume flow and / or the pressure of the air flow generated by the fan in dependence at least one substrate parameter, such as the substrate thickness, the substrate size, or the substrate bending stiffness adjustable. This setting can be changed according to a first alternative manually, for example by means of a rotary switch, or be made automatically via a control unit, the control unit either manually or via appropriate Sensors with suitable information about the substrate parameters is supplied. Preferably, the adjustment, d. H. variation of the airflow, by a change in the speed of the Fan wheel and / or by the connection or disconnection additional fan wheels.

While the operation of a device provided with the loosening device varies the extent of the stack along the stack axis, in particular by peeling off substrates from the stack or by adding of substrates in the stack. To ensure that at least one fan wheel designed as a radial fan in relation to the stack at any time an optimal relative position occupies, ie in particular in the upper or front area the stack is in development of the invention with advantage provided that the fan and the stack relative to each other along the stack axis are adjustable. It must be the adjustment not necessarily exactly parallel to the stack axis, but the Relativverstellbewegung can also along an arcuate Path are performed along the stack axis. It lies in the Frame of the invention either exclusively the fan or to arrange the stack exclusively adjustable, or an adjustability of both the fan and to provide the stack. Preferably, the Relativverstellbewegung automatically depending on the extent of the stack along the stack axis.

According to one advantageous embodiment of the invention is the stack relative to the, in particular fixed fan wheel adjustable. In this case, the adjustability of the stack relative to the radial fan trained fan wheel realized in many ways become. For example, it is possible to use the stack on one To arrange lifting table, in particular with a scissor joint drive. This arrangement of the stack allows the realization a relative to the stack axis Relativverstellvorgangs. Further It is conceivable, especially in a horizontal or an oblique direction stacked stack one stack Assign sliding mechanism, with which the stack relative to the Fan in a horizontal or oblique direction is adjustable.

Further it is possible to have only one stacking section, preferably a front in the removal direction (transport direction) stacking section relative to the, in particular then stationary fan (Radial fan) to arrange. This is for example conceivable, the stacking section to be adjusted on a lift plate to arrange, preferably pivotable about a pivot joint is arranged, wherein advantageously the lift plate spring-loaded and / or driven by a motor pivoting about the pivot axis is.

To allow the fan ei If, during the operation of a device provided with the loosening device, a shrinking or growing stack can follow, so that the fan wheel works in an optimal range at all times, it is additionally or preferably alternative to provide an active adjustability of the stack such that the fan wheel can travel along the stacking axis of the stack Stack, so depending on the stacking direction, for example, in a vertical or horizontal direction, relative to the stack is adjustable. Characterized in that a comparatively wide air flow is generated by the immediately adjacent to an edge side of the stack arranged fan, it is not absolutely necessary to adjust the fan already after the removal or storage of one or a few substrates along the stack axis, but the adjustment The fan wheel, for example, must be done only when the stack has shrunk or grown, for example, by 2 mm or 5 mm, without resulting in negative effects on the separation of the substrates.

Prefers the adjustment of the fan wheel takes place along the stack axis automatically, in particular depending on the extent of the stack along the stack axis.

Prefers is an embodiment in which the at least one fan at least approximately parallel to the stacking axis the stacking axis is adjustable. In this case, the adjustment movement alternatively to a precisely parallel adjustment relative to the Stacking axis on a curved, preferably arcuate Track be carried out as long as the deviation of the angle formed by the fan to the leaf surface will remain within +/- 15 °.

In Development of the invention is provided with advantage that the Fan so coupled with a separating device is that the fan of a movement of the component of Separator follows along the stacking axis. It can the Coupling both electronically and mechanically done.

The Provide a mechanical coupling of the fan with a component of the separating device has the advantage that on a separate adjusting drive for adjusting the fan wheel can be dispensed along the stack axis, as an adjustment a component of the separating device, in particular a one Separating head (separating wheel) carrying arm, directly a mechanical coupled adjusting movement of the fan causes or causes.

Preferably is the mechanical coupling of the fan wheel with a Component of the separating device designed such that the fan and a component of the separating device about a common pivot axis are pivotable. The pivot axis can, for example, from a rotatably mounted shaft are provided, with both the Fan as well as the component of the separating device, preferably connected rotatably.

alternative to a mechanical coupling of the fan with the Separating device, in particular with at least one separating wheel supporting arm, is provided in the invention that by means of a sensor, the extension of the stack along the stack axis is determined and a corresponding adjustment for adjusting of the fan along the stack axis driven accordingly becomes. For example, by means of an angle sensor, the swivel angle a pivotable arm of a separating device detected and derived therefrom the extent of the stack along the stack axis and an adjusting drive associated with the fan corresponding be controlled. Alternatively, it is conceivable the extension of the Stack along the stack axis by means of one of the separating independent sensor to capture and the adjustment in response to the sensor signal to control.

From Advantage is an embodiment with two along the stacking axis spaced fan wheels, preferably from are driven by a common drive and preferably on opposite Sides of the drive are rotatably connected to the motor shaft. Advantageously, this fan unit is relative to the stack adjustable along the stacking axis. In this way, a conical Ventilation of the foremost or topmost stack section be guaranteed, even if the uppermost arranged Fan due to the bending stiffness of the uppermost substrate when pulled out first. Without another, lower one Fan wheel could temporarily the air cushion between the currently withdrawn substrate and the remaining Substrates coincide, especially when it comes to large area, heavy substrates is.

Advantageously, it is provided in a further development of the invention that the fan wheel is arranged in the region of an opening in a side stop of the stack and acts on the stack directly through this opening through the generated air flow. Preferably, the fan along the opening and thus along the stack axis is arranged relative to the stack adjustable. Preferably, the side stop is a fixed, ie non-adjustable side stop. By contrast, if the fan wheel is attached to an adjustable side stop which can be adapted to the substrate format orders, so the fan should be adjustable relative to the stack, in particular together with the side stop.

Prefers is an embodiment in which the fan at least on the edge side of the stack facing side is formed housing-free. Alternatively, the fan wheel on the edge side of the stack facing side with a permeable, about lattice-shaped housing wall be equipped to protect an operator.

Around with the loosening device also a separation of a to allow strongly shrinking stacks of final substrates it is advantageous if the fan in case of in vertical direction stacked stack with lateral distance to the stack under the last substrate can be moved to this from a substrate support by forming an air cushion between to be able to separate the substrate and the substrate support. For a horizontally arranged stack, the fan should at least in sections, behind the last substrate in the stack adjustable be.

A another way to set the right on one edge side of the stack acting air stream is to arrange the fan wheel adjustable transversely to the stacking axis, so the distance between the fan wheel and the edge side of the stack can be varied. Preferably, this adjustment takes place automatically, preferably by means of a servomotor, but where also a manual adjustment option is feasible. Prefers is for automatic adjustment of the distance of the fan wheel provided to an edge side of the stack, a control unit, a variation of the distance of the fan wheel to the Stack depending on a substrate parameter allows.

It has proved to be advantageous to dimension or form the drive of the at least one fan wheel, in particular an electric motor and / or the fan wheel, in such a way that all the substrates in a stack section have a height (height of the impact area) of between about 10 mm and about 30 mm, preferably between about 10 mm and 20 mm, wherein the substrates preferably have a weight per unit area of between about 120 g / m ² and about 270 g / m ² , or more and / or formed in A3 format are.

Preferably, the dimensioning or design of the drive and / or the fan wheel is such that by means of the air flow between about 3 and about 15 substrates, preferably between about 5 and 10 substrates, can be loosened simultaneously, wherein the substrates preferably have a basis weight between about 120 g / m ² and about 270 g / m ² , or more and / or formed in A3 format. Of course, it is possible to provide for achieving such Auflockerungsraten more, preferably oppositely positioned and / or side by side and / or stacked and preferably together along the stack axis and / or arranged transversely arranged fan wheels.

Very Good loosening results were with a fan achieved, which extends transversely to the stack axis and rotatably arranged plate comprises, preferably closed, d. H. is not permeable to air in the axial direction. These Plate from which extends in a first axial direction at least extends a first fan blade, serves as a Type of louver, the radial outflow, d. H. an outflow transverse to the stack axis, in the direction of a Edge side of the stack allows. The at least one first fan blade is fixed to the plate and extends from the plate starting in the axial direction as well in the radial direction. Of particular advantage is an embodiment when the fan with several, in the circumferential direction, preferably equally spaced fan blades to produce a consistent, continuous airflow Is provided.

One optimized efficiency of the fan wheel is obtained if in addition from the plate at least a second Fan blade entgegenge sat in one of the first axial direction second axial direction extends. Preferably, several extend, in the circumferential direction, preferably equal to each other, spaced second fan blades in the second axial direction, preferably as many as in the first axial direction. This will be a vigorous and generates wide airflow that causes a loosening of a variety of stacked substrates. The in radial Direction extending and axially between the in the different axial directions oriented fan blades radiate the airflow transverse to the stack axis.

Especially good loosening results were achieved when in the different Axial directions oriented fan blades in the circumferential direction, preferably uniformly offset from one another, are arranged. This allows a particularly constant air flow be generated.

Particularly advantageous is an embodiment in which the fan can suck in the air from at least one axial direction, ie the fan is formed without a housing cover and / or a housing bottom. In a fan with at least approximately vertically extending axis of rotation, this means that above and / or below the actual fan wheel kei ne horizontal housing plate is provided.

Prefers it is in the plate (cutting disc) to one, in particular annular or circular ring disk in the center of which is an electric drive motor for rotary Driving the radial fan around its axis of rotation is arranged. Also, an embodiment with centric Paragraph for receiving the drive feasible, the shape of the Plate in this case reminiscent of the shape of a plate. Especially Preferably, the electric drive motor is about an external rotor motor. By providing a Such drive is the space requirement of the drive motor Lüfterradeinheit minimized - in particular, an optimized, low overall height receive. It is particularly preferred if the external rotor rotatably connected to the plate (cutting disc), wherein the Centric stator of the drive for fixing the fan wheel on suitable carrying means, preferably on a vertically extending to the axis of rotation of the fan wheel, in particular flat, support arm is used. The electromotive drive is preferred arranged such that it passes through the plate in the axial direction.

• 1. Vergrößerung des Durchmessers des Lüfterrads
• 2. Vergrößerung der Schaufelhöhen der in beide Axialrichtung ragenden Lüfterschaufeln
• 3. Erhöhung der Umdrehungsfrequenz.

Particularly good loosening results have been achieved when the one-disk impeller is operated at a speed between about 6000 to about 13000 rpm, preferably about 12000 rpm (depending on the climatic conditions). The airflow can be increased (increased) by a corresponding change of the following fan parameters:

• 1. Enlargement of the diameter of the fan wheel
• 2. Enlargement of the blade heights of the projecting in both axial direction fan blades
• 3. Increase of the revolution frequency.

Especially Preferably, the fan moves with a lateral Distance to the stack between about 5 mm and about 15 mm, preferably about 10 mm.

in the With regard to the shape of the first and second fan blades There are different possibilities. Such is for example an embodiment feasible, in which the first and / or the second fan blades are curved, preferably such that the radially outer end the fan blades in the circumferential direction relative to the radial offset inside end of the corresponding fan blade is arranged - preferably located here is the outer End viewed in the direction of rotation before the radially corresponding Fan blades. Particularly preferred is an embodiment where the fan blades with radial clearance to one Centric hub portion of the fan wheel are arranged.

Especially preferred is an embodiment in which the first and / or the second fan blades, in the direction of rotation considered curved forward. In other words it is preferred if the fan blades, contrary to Rotation direction considered concave, d. H. positive in the direction of rotation, are arched. Particularly preferred are the fan blades curved such that a radially inner inflow angle the fan blades between about + 3 ° to -90 °, based on a diameter line, preferably selected from -5 ° is. It is particularly preferred that the radially outer Outflow angle between about 0 ° and about + 90 ° to choose, - related to the forming angle the tangents at the outer exit point of the fan blade on the one hand and at the exit point to the outer circle created Tangent on the other hand.

Especially preferred is an embodiment in which on both Axial sides of the plate located fan blades different are formed. This can surprisingly be an optimal Fanning effect of the substrate stack can be realized especially in extreme climatic conditions and / or large substrate sizes. Especially in this case, it is preferable if the fan blades open curved only one axial side of the plate and on the respectively another axial side in the radial direction rectilinear, wherein it is particularly preferred if the rectilinear blades are arranged on imaginary radius lines. Alternatively you can the straight fan blades also at an angle to imaginary radius lines be arranged. It is particularly preferred, the straight-line fan blades on an upper and, preferably, forward, curved Fan blades on a lower axial side of the plate to arrange. The improved loosening effect is thereby causes an air turbulence, which surprisingly at different blade shapes on the Lüfterradhälften occurs. In the case of the provision of straight fan blades it is preferred if these on a radially inner circle begin their distance to the rotation axis between about 1/4 to about 2/3 preferably about 1/3 of the radius size of the fan wheel is. Preference is also the curved fan blades with radial clearance to the Arranged axis of rotation.

Also with regard to the number of fan blades on both axial sides of the plate (cutting disc), there are different possibilities. Thus, an embodiment can be realized in which the number of fan blades is different on both axial sides. Preferably, about 25% to 60% more fan blades are provided on one of the axial sides than on the other axial side. It is particularly preferred on the downward Axial side more fan blades to arrange than on the axially upwardly directed side. The ratio between the fan blades arranged on at least one axial side to the diameter of the fan wheel in millimeters is preferably approximately 1 to 4. With a diameter of approximately 45 mm of the fan wheel, preferably between 9 and 15 fan blades, preferably approximately 11 fan blades, are provided on at least one axial side ,

alternative it is possible on both axial sides of the plate, at least approximately, preferably exactly the same number of To provide blades. An air stream generated in this way is surprisingly able to partially or partially detached from the stack Floating substrates to resonate, the result of the loosening optimized.

tries have revealed that a fan with on the upper axial side the plate straight in the radial direction extending fan blades and curved on the lower axial side in the radial direction running fan blades compared to a fan with straight fan blades arranged on both axial sides, with the same diameter of the fan as well as the same Rotation speed and the same number of blades an increase of about 35% in the uppermost substrate reached.

In a further development of the invention is advantageously provided that the Lüfterradhöhe, ie the extent of the fan along the axis of rotation about 50% to about 60%, preferably about 50% of the diameter of the fan wheel. It is particularly preferred to choose the diameter of the fan between 30 mm and 120 mm. Particularly preferably, the diameter is about 45 mm, in particular for substrates up to 250 g / m ² and at a maximum format size SRA3.

in the With regard to the control of the movement of the fan wheel There are different possibilities along the stack axis. Particularly preferred is an embodiment in which a Control device for driving a corresponding adjusting motor, in particular a spindle motor of a spindle drive, a sensor associated with detecting the stacking extent in the direction of the stacking axis is. Particularly preferred is an optical sensor, in particular, a reflection sensor. As soon as this is not over a sufficient amount of light reflected back from the stack side detects the controller controls an adjusting motor for adjusting of the fan along the stacking axis, so that the Fan wheel follows the traveling stack extension.

Especially preferred is an embodiment in which the fan over the, in particular designed as an external rotor motor, Drive is held on a support arm, which is preferably vertical extends to the axis of rotation of the fan wheel. Prefers is a sensor on this arm, in particular special a previously described Defined sensor for detecting the substrate stack extension. there the control device preferably controls the adjusting motor in such a way on that the fan wheel is swinging along the stacking axis about a respective relative position (zero crossing position) the fan wheel to the stack performs. This swinging Movement of the fan wheel is the respective relative position, usually the height position of the fan wheel relative to the stack, superimposed and preferably works with a frequency in the range of about 0.5 to 1 cycles / second, preferably an average of about 0.8 cycles / second. It is particularly preferred if for the realization of such oscillating movement of the fan a corresponding Mechanism associated with an electric motor driven spindle drive is.

Of the Starting point, d. H. the zero crossing point or the respective Relative position of the fan wheel relative to the stack, around which the oscillating motion is carried out corresponds to Essentially the respective height or width (depending from the stacking direction) of the not yet ventilated stacking section. In this to be set with the adjustment relative position the fan with its plate (cutting disc), preferably starting from the stack bottom or a side stack end over drove the mentioned mechanics. Indicator for recognition the correct relative position is preferably the aforementioned optical sensor, which is ideally designed as a reflection sensor and approximately in the middle, relative to the plate, ie between the two fan levels, in particular on the support arm, is attached. The sensor is preferred designed such that it recognizes substrates that are in one the sensor opposite position, in particular in Distance of up to about 40 mm, located, even in case that these are already loosened by the air flow. If so the fan is activated, d. H. rotated about its axis of rotation and the movement mechanism for moving the fan along the Stacking axis the fan wheel in a movement along the Stacking axis brings, the fan is preferred as far until the loosened substrates are in a topmost position Position or side (depending on stacking) position and the topmost or sidemost substrate due to its missing Support on the stack from the air flow can not be lifted further can. Reaching this position (relative position, starting point, Zero crossing point) is sent from the sensor to the controller further reported.

To Reaching the position, the traversing mechanism for the Fan wheel controlled by the controller so that the fan wheel about the position one, in particular sinusoidal, Performs vibrational motion - preferably about with an amplitude of 5 mm in each direction of travel.

Prefers the fan is completely free of housing educated. However, it is conceivable that the fan wheel on the facing away from the stack a "fender" or protective element, in particular made of plastic, with the fender not in a half of the circle facing the stack the fan should extend, otherwise it would be the Airflow could focus, but this is not desirable is.

To the Generating at least one stable air cushion, it is advantageous if on the opposite side of the fan Edge side another fan and / or a stowage wall is arranged so that the injected between two substrates Air between the substrates and thus accumulate an air cushion can train.

It is, as mentioned earlier, conceivable, the stack along both a horizontal, vertical or inclined stacking axis to stack.

From particular advantage is an embodiment in which the Loosening device is designed without a holder. This means that in addition to the separating device, in particular next to at least a separating wheel and optionally a sensor for determination the stack extension no separate hold down to hold down Substrates is provided. This embodiment leaves in particular by a speed control of the radial fan and / or by the provision of a Relativverstellmöglichkeit between the radial fan and the stack along the Realize stacking axis.

One Inventive feeding and separating system for stacked in a stack along a stack axis flat substrates such as papers and the like with a transport device for transporting the respective first substrate of the stack characterized by a loosening device described above. As a result, the feeding and separating system is optimal suitable for feeding and separating substrates with a large basis weight and / or of large format Substrates. Particularly suitable is the feeding and separating system for feeding and separating high-gloss and photo papers, especially in high-speed operation of up to 6,000 substrates per hour. The loosening device has the task at least the first substrate of the stack from the underlying one Substrate by forming an air cushion between the substrates at least partially separate so that the first substrate individually (separately) detected by the transport device and transported away can be.

According to one particularly preferred embodiment comprises the transport device of the feeding and separating system at least one first substrate on or via a ramp promotional Separating wheel, for example, as a vacuum wheel or as a friction wheel may be formed, and / or in a separating head during the transport process is adjustable against the transport device. There are still higher throughput rates than 6,000 substrates per hour achievable.

The inventive filing and drying system for stacked in a stack along a stack axis Flat printed substrates are characterized by a previously described Loosening device off. The loosening device is used in addition, at least the first substrate of the stack by means of an air cushion separated from the second substrate of the stack, thus damaging, in particular smearing of the printed image of the second substrate, to prevent and at the same time the drying speed of the printed image due to the air flow increase. Due to the provision a Auflockerungsvorrichtung described above is the Storage and drying system especially for heavy and large format substrates, in particular for high gloss papers and / or photographic papers.

The Inventive substrate handling system is suitable due to the provision of one with a previously described Loosening device equipped feeding and separating system and / or one equipped with a loosening device Storage and / or drying system for handling large format and / or heavy substrates, in particular high gloss papers and / or Photo papers.

Embodiments of the invention will now be described below with reference to the drawings. These are not necessarily to scale the embodiments, but the drawings, where appropriate for explanation, executed in a schematized and / or slightly distorted form. With regard to additions to the teachings directly recognizable from the drawings reference is made to the relevant prior art. It should be understood that various modifications and changes in the form and detail may be made in the embodiment without departing from the general idea of the invention. The in the description, in the drawings and in the claims apparently th features of the invention can be essential both individually and in any combination for the development of the invention. The general idea of the invention is not limited to the exact form or exact detail of the embodiment shown and described below or limited to an object which would be limited in comparison with the subject matter claimed in the claims. For the given design ranges, values within the stated limits should also be disclosed as limit values and be arbitrarily usable and claimable.

object The application is also a loosening device according to the preamble of claim 1, characterized in that the fan wheel is coupled to a separating device such that the fan a movement of a component of the separating device along the Stacking axle follows. This object should have all claims apply as referred back and apply in any combination claimable with such a trained loosening device be. It must be, contrary to the disclosure in the preamble of claim 1 is not necessarily a radial fan act.

To the Further understanding of the invention will now be related on the figures preferred embodiments of the invention explained.

The Figures show in:

1 a loosening device having a fan wheel adjacent to an edge side of a stack, the fan wheel having fan blades extending only in a first axial direction from a plate,

2 an alternative embodiment of a loosening device in which the fan wheel is equipped with fan blades pointing from a plate in two opposite axial directions,

3 a feeding and separating system equipped with a loosening device with a transport device indicated only schematically,

4 1 a schematic representation of air cushions which can be generated by means of a fan wheel arranged on an edge side of a stack,

5 a highly schematic representation of a feeding and separating system with two or four arranged on opposite edge sides of a stack fan wheels,

6 a highly schematic representation of a feeding and separating system with a loosening device, the fan is arranged on a rear edge side of the stack and

7 a highly schematic representation of a feeding and separating system, with a loosening device, the fan is arranged on a front edge side of the stack,

8th a filing and drying system equipped with a loosening device,

9 a feeding and separating system equipped with a loosening device, in which both a separating device and the fan wheel are coupled to a shaft which extends transversely to the stacking axis of the stack,

10 : a feeding and separating system in a plan view,

11 : a feeding and separating system in a front view,

12 : a representation of a possible mechanical coupling of the fan wheel with a separating device,

13 : A plan view of the arrangement according to 12 .

14a and 14b an alternative coupling mechanism between the impeller and a separating device at different stacking extensions along the stack axis, with almost parallel guidance of the fan to the paper surface,

15a and 15b an alternative arrangement for tracking two fan wheels parallel to the stack axis,

16 a feeding and separating system with a non-adjustable arranged fan and a stack arranged on a lift table,

17 : a feeding and separating system with a pivotable lift plate and a fixedly arranged fan wheel,

18 in a perspective view of an arrangement comprising a radial fan with plate (cutting disc), wherein the fan is held by an external rotor motor on a support arm,

19 : A plan view of the arrangement according to 18 , wherein the arrangement additionally a lateral, semicircular contoured Schutzele includes

20 a side view of the arrangement according to 18 .

21 : a view from the top of the in 20 Perspective illustrated fan wheel,

22 a possible embodiment of a fan wheel with annular plate in a perspective view,

23 : a sectional view of the fan according to 22 .

24 FIG. 2: a side view of a fan wheel held on a support arm, FIG.

25 : a view from below on the in 22 shown impeller, with marked entry angle and exit angle, wherein the angles are respectively spanned between a diameter line and the tangent to the respective radially inner or radially outer end point of the fan blade,

26 : an alternative fan with by 25 differently curved fan blades,

27 : the fan according to 25 with an optional cover plate extending parallel to the plate,

28 a side view of a loosening device with an adjusting mechanism for adjusting the fan wheel along the stack axis,

29a 29b : different views of an alternative fan wheel design with straight-sided fan blades on both axial sides,

30 an embodiment of the fan wheel with a dynamic imbalance,

31a 31b : different views of another alternative embodiment of the impeller with dynamic imbalance and

32 : An embodiment of a fan wheel with a static unbalance.

In The figures are the same components and components with the same Function marked with the same reference numerals.

In 1 is a loosening device 1 for a pile 2 out along a vertical stacking axis 3 stacked flat substrates 4 , Photopapers in this embodiment.

The loosening device 1 includes a designed as a radial fan impeller 5 that of a trained as an electric motor drive 6 is driven in rotation. The rotating driven fan 5 generates an airflow 7 , by means of which an air cushion 8th between a first flat substrate 9 (top substrate) and one in the stack 2 immediately adjacent second substrate 10 is produced. In addition, the airflow generates 7 another air cushion 11 between the second substrate 10 and the adjacent third substrate 12 and another air cushion 13 between the third substrate 12 and the adjacent fourth substrate 14 as well as another air cushion 15 between the fourth substrate 14 and the adjacent fifth substrate 16 , so that by means of the fan wheel 5 in this embodiment, the top four substrates in a section 47 with an extension of 1-3 cm along the stack axis 3 loosened, ie at least partially separated from each other.

The fan wheel 5 is adjacent to one in the drawing plane left along the stack axis 3 in the vertical direction extending edge side 17 of the pile 2 arranged. An axis of rotation 18 of the fan wheel 5 extends parallel to the vertical stacking axis 3 and is at a distance A of 3.5 cm in this embodiment to the left edge side 17 arranged. The diameter d of the fan wheel 5 is about 4 cm, so the distance between the fan 5 and edge side 17 is about 1.0 cm. The of the rotating driven fan 5 air flow generated from the ambient air 7 flows essentially transversely to the stack axis 3 that is, in the radial direction with respect to the axis of rotation 18 directly on from the lateral edges of the substrates 4 formed side edge 17 and fans there in the area of the air flow 7 by forming the already mentioned airbags 8th . 11 . 13 . 15 on. The fan wheel 5 is designed housing-free. In particular, the fan wheel 5 no upper and lower housing cover, so that air can be sucked in freely from the axial direction. How out 1 it can be seen, is the fan 5 free of a nozzle or side vanes, so that the air flow over a very large width of the fan 5 is delivered. The in the plane of the drawing, ie transverse to the axis of rotation 18 extending impact area B of the airflow 7 and the edge side 17 has a greater extent in the plane of the drawing than the diameter d of the fan wheel 5 ,

To improve the air cushion training is on the left edge side 17 opposite right edge side 19 of the pile 2 a stowage wall 20 provided a rapid escape of the between the substrates 9 . 10 . 12 . 14 . 16 to prevent injected air. Optionally, it can also be at a front of the plane in the drawing ren edge side 21 and one of these opposite, invisible, rear edge sides of the stack 2 Stowage walls are provided.

The fan wheel 5 is along the vertical stacking axis 3 adjustable by means of an actuator, not shown.

In addition, by means of the actuator, not shown, the distance A between the axis of rotation 18 and the pile 2 variable. In particular, between a minimum distance at which between the fan 5 and the left edge side 17 only a few millimeters remain and a maximum distance of about 1.5 cm in this embodiment. The distance A must be chosen so that the side on the substrates 9 . 10 . 12 . 14 . 16 impinging airflow is sufficiently strong to at least the air cushion 8th , prefers all air cushions 8th . 11 . 13 . 15 and if necessary to train more air cushions.

Adjusting the fan wheel 5 with drive 6 is preferably such that the air flow generated at any time on the respective uppermost substrates 9 . 10 . 12 . 14 . 16 incident. An adjustment of the fan wheel 5 along the vertical stacking axis 3 is particularly advantageous if the loosening device 1 Part of a feeding and separating system or a filing and drying system, in which the extension of the stack 2 along the stack axis 3 constantly changed.

The fan wheel 5 includes a circular contoured plate 23 , which rotatably with an armature shaft 24 of the drive 6 connected is. From the rotating drivable plate 23 extend in a first axial direction 25 four circumferentially by 90 ° to each other offset fan blades 26 extending in the radial direction from the armature shaft 24 extend to the outside. The diameter of the plate 23 is dimensioned such that the plate 23 the radial boundary all fan blades 26 represents. The maximum diameter d of the fan wheel 5 So is the diameter of the plate 23 certainly.

As in 1 schematically by the two arrows 27 indicated, the fan sucks 5 Ambient air from the axial direction and gives the air flow 7 essentially in the radial direction, wherein a portion of the air flow 7 on the left side edge 17 flows down and through the arrows 27 indicated intake flow is supplied again.

The embodiment according to 2 essentially corresponds to the embodiment according to 1 so that to avoid repetition in the following, only the differences will be discussed.

It can be seen that the fan wheel 5 not just in the first axial direction 25 extending fan blades 26 but also with it from the plate 23 in one of the first axial direction 25 opposite second axial direction extending fan blades 29 is provided. There are on each axial side of the plate 23 four fan blades each 26 . 29 provided in the circumferential direction to each other evenly (45 °) offset, that are arranged positioned on the gap. As a result, the fan sucks from the two opposite axial directions 25 . 28 Ambient air (arrows 27 and 30 ). This in turn leads to a comparison with the embodiment according to 1 widened airflow 7 , the one section 31 of the pile 2 loosens up, so the substrates 9 . 10 . 12 . 14 . 16 . 32 and 33 separated from each other. The extension of the section 31 along the stack axis 3 is about 10-15 mm in this embodiment. A fan wheel designed in this way is particularly suitable for the separation of particularly heavy substrates having a basis weight of more than 250 g / m ² . A major advantage of the fan 5 according to 2 opposite the fan 5 according to 1 is that the fan 5 with fluctuating stacking extension along the stacking axis 3 less often needs to be readjusted to at least the first substrate 9 from the adjacent second substrate 10 by forming the air cushion 8th to separate from each other. Also in the embodiment according to 2 the diameter d of the fan wheel is smaller than the extent of the impact area B of the air flow 7 transverse to the stack axis 3 on the edge side 17 ,

In 3 is schematically a feeding and separating system 34 with a loosening device 1 shown. Again, the substrates 4 within a pile 2 stored. With the right in the drawing level edge side 19 is the stack 2 or are the substrates 4 at an inclined ramp in the plane of the drawing 35 at. For removal of the respective first substrate 9 from the stack 2 is a purely schematically indicated separating wheel 36 provided in the direction of the arrow 37 is driven in rotation and in the direction of the arrow 38 - against the transport direction 39 of the substrate 9 - is adjusted to the right in the plane of the drawing 40 of the first substrate 9 along the ramp 35 in the transport direction 39 to move.

At the removal of the first substrate 9 a co-moving of the immediately adjacent second substrate 10 To prevent it from the fan 5 the loosening device 1 adjacent to the trailing edge side of the stack in the plane of the drawing 2 is arranged, generates a flow of air, with the air cushion 8th . 11 . 13 . 15 . 41 . 42 and 43 each between two adjacent sub straten 9 . 10 . 12 . 14 . 16 . 32 and 34 be formed so that the substrates 9 . 10 . 12 . 14 . 16 . 32 and 34 at least partially separated from each other. Its construction corresponds to that in 3 shown fan 5 the in 2 and in terms of 2 described fan wheel 5 ,

Out 3 and 4 it becomes clear that the length l (extension transverse to the stack axis 3 ) of the impact area B is larger than the diameter d of the fan wheel 5 ,

In 4 are the limits for comparison 45 . 46 by means of the fan wheels according to 1 and 2 shown air cushions shown. Here is the limit of an air cushion, with a fan 5 according to 1 was generated with the reference numeral 45 characterized. The limit of one with a fan 5 according to 2 generated air cushion is denoted by the reference numeral 46 characterized. For better orientation and estimation of the size ratios substrates in DINA4-Formt as well as in A3 format are drawn.

It can be seen that one with a fan 5 according to 1 generated air cushion almost a substrate in A4 format along its narrow side completely interspersed. One with a fan 5 according to 2 generated air cushion within the limit 46 penetrates even the entire narrow side of a substrate in A3 format.

It can also be seen that the length l (extension transverse to the stack axis 3 ) of impact area B of the airflow 7 on the stack is greater than the diameter d of the fan 5 , Lateral guide elements for the fan wheel 5 are not provided.

In 5 is a schematic representation of a feeding and separating system 34 with a loosening device 1 shown. According to a first alternative, the loosening device comprises 1 two directly opposite, shown as full circles fan wheels 5 immediately adjacent to the stack 2 in the area of the ramp 35 are arranged to the individual substrates in one at the ramp 35 Traction adjacent area from each other to sub. In the plan view shown is also schematically a three-membered separating wheel 36 to recognize, during the transport process in the direction of arrow 38 is adjustable. According to an alternative embodiment, the loosening device comprises 1 in addition, the dashed lines, in relation to the ramp 35 rear fan wheels 5 for an at least almost complete separation of the substrates along their surface extension. Of particular advantage is an embodiment, not shown, with a two-part separating wheel (separating roller), which has its axis centered.

In 6 is an alternative feeding and separating system 34 also shown in a plan view, wherein the only fan in this embodiment 5 on the ramp 35 opposite edge side of the stack 2 is arranged. If necessary, several, not shown fan wheels 5 be arranged side by side and / or one above the other. The ramp is preferred 35 or a wall located below the ramp formed as an air-impermeable stowage wall to improve the air cushion formation. Additionally or alternatively, stowage walls may also be formed along the longitudinal edge sides of the stack 2 extend.

In the embodiment according to 7 was omitted for clarity, the presentation of a ramp. The fan wheel 5 is located in an area to the side of the ramp 5 and flows through them in the transverse direction. For this purpose, the ramp should be at least partially permeable to air, for example in the form of a grid.

In 8th is a filing and drying system 48 with a loosening device 1 shown. Doing so in a pile 2 along a vertical stacking axis 3 substrates 4 stored. By means of designed as a double radial fan impeller 5 , which was in a lateral distance from 8 to 12 mm to an edge side 21 of the pile 2 is located, becomes a radial airflow 7 generated, with which the upper substrates 4 inside the pile 2 be loosened up by placing between the substrates 4 Be formed air cushion. The air cushions ensure that the substrates 4 be separated from each other so that the fresh printed image on them is not affected by contact with other substrates 4 smeared. Furthermore, the air cushions provide the airflow 7 that the printed image is dried quickly.

That of the designed as an electric motor drive 6 driven fan wheel 5 is relative to the stack 2 parallel to the stack axis 3 along the stack axis 3 adjustable by means of an adjusting drive, not shown, so that the air flow 7 regardless of the degree of filling of the stack 2 ie regardless of the extent of the stack 2 along the stack axis 3 in an upper area on the stack 2 impinges and thus the upper substrates 4 of the stack ventilated and separated from each other. The fan wheel 5 sucks from both axial directions 27 . 30 Air and gives them in the radial direction on the stack 2 or on the edge side 21 of the pile 2 from. The adjusting drive is assigned a control unit, which controls the adjusting drive as a function of sensor information about the extent of the stack along the stacking axis.

The length of the impact area B (ie the extension of the impact area B) transverse to the Rotati onsachse 18 in the plane of the drawing is greater than the diameter d of the fan 5 ,

In 9 is schematically another feeding and separating system 34 with a loosening device 1 shown. The loosening device 1 includes a designed as a radial fan impeller 5 that of a trained as an electric motor drive 6 is driven, with the armature shaft 24 and thus the axis of rotation of the fan wheel 5 approximately parallel to the stack axis 3 extends. The fan wheel 5 is together with the drive 6 along the stack axis 3 on an arcuate path 49 adjustable, so that of the fan 5 generated air stream at any time on an upper portion of the stacked stack in the vertical direction 2 incident.

Out 9 it can be seen that the fan wheel 5 in the area of an opening 50 a side stop 51 for the stack 2 located. The opening 50 extends along the stack axis 3 , The fan wheel 5 is framed laterally by two parallel support walls 52 . 53 of the side stop 51 , The drive 6 extends upwards.

In one of the pile 2 remote area is the fan 5 from a protective element 54 surrounded, in the circumferential direction around the fan 5 extends. The extent of the protective element 54 in the direction of the stack 2 is dimensioned such that the length l of the impact area B is greater than the diameter d of the fan wheel 5 , The fan wheel 5 can suck in air from both axial directions unhindered, since no housing cover and no housing bottom are provided.

Out 9 is intended schematically a mechanical coupling of the fan wheel 5 to a separating device 55 become clear. The separating device 55 carries separating wheels designed as separating rollers 36 , by means of which a first substrate 9 from the stack 2 is movable away, for example, on a ramp, not shown, and / or other not shown extract rollers. The separating device 55 includes a rotatably mounted shaft 56 , which are perpendicular to the stack axis 3 and parallel to the surface extension of the substrates 4 extends. With decreasing stack 2 lowers a rotation with the shaft 56 connected arm 57 off, the separator wheels at its free end 36 wearing. This will cause the shaft 56 that has a common pivot axis for the fan 5 and the separating wheels 36 defined, in arrow direction 58 pivoted. This, in turn, causes a rotation with the shaft 56 coupled support arm 59 also in the direction of the arrow 58 is pivoted. At the arm 59 is the fan 5 along with his drive 6 set so that the fan wheel 5 on the already mentioned train 49 along the stack axis 3 emotional. The schematically shown mechanical coupling between the fan 5 and the separating device 55 or the separating wheels 36 can be done in a variety of ways. It is essential that the fan due to the mechanical coupling with the separating device 55 the extent of the pile 2 along the stack axis 3 automatically follows.

In 10 is the top view of another feeding and separating system 34 shown. In the left half of the drawing is at a fixed distance to a stack 2 a designed as a radial fan impeller 5 arranged. This is only along the stack axis 3 relative to the stack 2 adjustable, with the distance to the edge side 21 is constant. At the edge side 21 with fan 5 opposite edge side 60 . 60 ' of the pile 2 is another fan 5 arranged. In 10 are two possible positions of the fan wheel 5 located. The fan wheel 5 can be from the position right outside to the left inside in the direction of the arrow 61 preferably together with a side stop (not shown) relative to the stack 2 be adjusted. This arrangement is advantageous to the position of the right in the plane of the fan impeller to the format of the substrates 4 in the pile 2 to be able to adapt. (Edge side 60 → small substrate format; edge side 60 ' → large substrate format).

In 11 is a front view of a feeding and separating system 34 with a loosening device 1 shown. Evident is the schematically illustrated coupling of the fan wheels 5 to a schematically indicated separating device 55 with separating wheels 36 to a Nachfüh ren the fan 5 along the stack axis 3 to enable.

In 12 is an alternative feeding and separating system 34 with a loosening device 1 shown. The feeding and separating system 34 includes a separating device 55 with one arm 57 , The arm 57 carries a separating wheel 36 for separating a first substrate 9 from a pile 2 against a ramp 35 , wherein the separating wheel 36 during this Separiervorgangs in an adjustment 38 relative to the ramp 35 against the spring force of a spring 62 emotional. The separating wheel 36 is doing by a motor 63 in the direction of the arrow 64 driven in rotation.

The arm 57 is non-rotatable on a shaft 56 arranged, with the shaft 56 (common pivot axis for the separating wheel 36 and the fan 5 ) perpendicular to the stack axis 3 and parallel to the surface extension of the substrates 4 runs. The wave 56 is rotatable on a carriage 65 stored on which the spring 62 attacks. The feather 62 is the endeavor of the separating wheel 36 (Separating head) against the adjustment direction 38 in the direction of the ramp 35 to adjust.

The loosening device 1 the feeding and separating system 34 includes a designed as a double radial fan fan 5 that by means of an electric motor drive 6 is rotatably driven. For the realization of a stacking axis 3 at least approximately parallel, guided adjustment is the fan 5 with the separating device 55 especially with the arm 57 and thus with the separating wheel 36 coupled. Approximately in the middle of the arm 57 this is a coupling link 66 hinged, which hinged at its opposite end with a first handlebar 67 a parallelogram link mechanism 68 articulated is connected. The parallelogrammic linkage mechanism 68 includes next to the first handlebar 67 a parallel second handlebar 69 , Both handlebars 67 . 69 are on a holding plate 22 for the drive 6 of the fan wheel 5 hinged.

Furthermore, both are handlebars 67 . 69 articulated with the sledge 65 connected, with the first handlebar 67 via a swivel joint 70 on the sledge 65 also extends and at its free end a balance weight 71 carries to the of the separating wheel 36 on the first substrate 9 to optimize applied normal force. If the extension of the pile 2 along the stack axis 3 decreases during operation, the separating wheel lowers 36 off, causing the arm 57 and the wave 56 is pivoted. This in turn leads to a lowering of the handlebars 67 . 69 , which results in a coupled lowering movement of the fan wheel. Also in the embodiment according to 12 is the length l (extension of the impact area transverse to the axis of rotation 18 of the fan wheel 5 ) of the impact area B larger than the diameter of the fan wheel 5 ,

In 13 is an alternative feeding and separating system 34 shown in a plan view. This includes a separating device 55 for separating (separating) an upper substrate 9 from a substrate stack 2 , This is the first substrate 9 with the help of separating wheels 36 on a ramp 35 and about this to excerpt roles 72 transported. The separating wheels 36 be from a motor 63 comprising a displacement sensor 73 driven. The motor 63 sits on one arm 57 , which rotates on a shaft 56 is arranged. At the the separating wheels 36 opposite end carries the arm 57 a balance weight 71 , Again, the length l of the impact area B of the air flow 7 on the pile 2 greater than the diameter d of the fan wheel 5 , This also applies to all other embodiments.

The rotation with the shaft 56 connected arm 57 is along the wave 56 slidable in order to assume an optimal centric position with respect to different substrate formats. Rotationally with the shaft 56 is also a holding arm 59 connected, which is designed as a radial fan impeller 5 Carries that together with the separating wheels 36 along the stack axis 3 is adjustable. How out 13 can be seen, is the holding arm 59 pivotable on the shaft 56 stored and preferably in the direction of the stack 2 against a stop (not shown) Federkraftbeaufschlagt. The articulated arrangement of the arm 59 on the shaft 56 allows pivoting of the fan wheel 5 from the stack 2 away, if one is the pile 2 comprehensive cassette 74 is pulled out of a substrate handling system. In the illustrated embodiment, the head position of the separating means defines the fan position. The head is partially compensated weight of the head and fan 5 on the stack 2 on.

In the 14a and 14b is another coupling mechanism between a fan 5 and a separating device 55 for deposited in a stack substrates 4 shown. For this purpose, a separating wheel 36 with engine 63 on a wishbone 74 arranged, with the wishbone 74 around a fixed swivel joint 75 is pivotable. The separating wheel 36 Used for adjusting substrates against a ramp 35 , At the the separating wheel 36 opposite end is the wishbone 74 articulated with a coupling link 76 connected, in turn, to another wishbone 77 is articulated. This wishbone 77 is a stationary swivel joint 78 pivotally mounted and on a the coupling link 46 opposite end hinged to the electric motor drive 6 of the fan wheel 5 connected. Articulated with this drive 6 is another handlebar 79 connected to a fixed swivel 80 is pivotable. In the 14a and 14b the upper dashed line represents the maximum filling level of the stack 2 and the lower dashed line represents the stack center 14a the position of the separating wheel 36 when the stack is completely filled 2 and in 14b the position of the separating wheel 36 with emptied stack 2 shown.

The steering mechanism described is used to adjust the adjustment of the fan 5 on its adjustment from the in 14a shown position in the 14b reproduced lower position approximately parallel to the stack axis 3 he follows.

In the 15a and 15b is a purely electronic coupling between in this embodiment 2 two fan wheels 5 and a separating device 55 shown. A mechanical coupling between the fan wheels 5 the separating device 55 is not given. The separating device 55 includes a pivotally mounted arm 57 , where the swing angle of the arm 57 With an angle sensor 81 is detected. The output signal of the angle sensor 81 is passed to a control unit, not shown, the drive motor, not shown, for parallel adjustment of the fan wheels 5 along the stack axis 3 controls, so that the fan wheels 5 the arm 57 and thus at least one on the arm 57 specified separating wheel 36 for conveying substrates against a ramp 35 , along the stack axis 3 consequences.

For parallel adjustment of the two spaced fan wheels 5 along the stack axis 3 are two spaced racks 82 . 83 provided, which are parallel to the stack axis 3 extend. With every rack 82 . 83 combs a gear 84 . 85 , where the gears 84 . 85 on a bracket 86 for the fan wheels 5 are articulated. With the motor, not shown, for adjusting the fan wheels 5 along the stack axis 3 will be at least one of the gears 84 . 85 driven in rotation, causing the fan wheels 5 along the stack axis 3 , parallel to this, depending on the angle sensor 81 detected pivot angle can be adjusted. The advantage of this embodiment is that a mechanical coupling between the separating device 55 and the fan wheels 5 in favor of an electronic coupling can be dispensed with. By the rotating drive of the gears 84 . 85 are the fan wheels 5 from the in 15a shown upper position with completely filled stack 2 in the in 15b shown lower position, wherein the angle of the sensor 81 measured swing angle of the arm 57 during the adjustment increases.

Like from the 15a and 15b It can be seen, is the length of the arm 57 active by means of a motor 87 adjustable, with the engine 87 a gear 88 drives, with a gearing 89 a lower portion of the arm formed as a telescopic arm 57 combs. With regard to the function of the separating device shown 55 to the not yet published German patent application of the Applicant with the official file number DE 10 2007 018 398 directed. With regard to the explanation of the operation of the separating device, the disclosure content of this German patent application filed with the DPMA on 17.04.2007 is to be considered as belonging to the present disclosure content and included in the present application.

In 16 is an alternative feeding and separating system 34 with a loosening device 1 shown. The fan wheel 5 the loosening device is arranged stationary. This is the drive 6 of the fan wheel 5 on a frame 90 established. This static arrangement of the fan wheel 5 is possible because of the pile 2 on a lift table 91 is arranged and thus the stack 2 relative to the fan 5 along the stack axis 3 adjustable. The lift table 91 becomes dependent on the signal of a height sensor 92 adjusted.

For separating from the respective first substrate 9 from the pile 2 is a separating device 55 provided a separating wheel 36 comprises, with which the respective first substrate 9 of the pile 2 against a ramp 35 in the transport direction 39 is transportable, wherein the substrate 9 extraction rollers 72 for further transport is supplied.

At the in 17 shown feeding and separating system 34 is the fan 5 the loosening device 1 with drive 6 as in the embodiment according to 16 stationary, ie not arranged height adjustable. A front section of the stack 2 lies on a lift plate 93 on that around a swivel joint 94 is adjustable. By means of a compression spring 95 will the lift plate 93 and thus the front section of the stack 2 against a separating wheel 36 a separating device 55 kraftbeaufschlagt, wherein by means of the Separierrades 36 the respective first substrate 9 from the stack 2 is removable. Furthermore, this includes in 17 shown feeding and separating system 34 a retaining plate 96 around a swivel joint 97 is pivotable, in the direction of the separating wheel 36 , In this direction is the retaining plate 96 by means of a compression spring 98 spring force. Any desired sheet separation becomes the lift plate 93 with the stack lying on top 2 over the spring 95 against the spinning role 36 pressed with the top sheet 9 from the pile 2 is separated and in the extension direction 39 the extraction rollers (not shown) is supplied. A pulled along sheet was over the frictive pad on the retaining plate 96 prevented from further transport. At rest, the lift plate with a on the axis of the separating roller 36 fasten cam (not shown) held down.

In 18 is a fan 5 an otherwise not shown loosening device shown. The fan wheel is approximately centered with a transverse to the axis of rotation 18 of the fan wheel 5 extending plate 23 arranged. Starting from the plate 23 extend in a first axial direction 25 (In the embodiment above) a plurality of circumferentially spaced, radially extending straight first fan blades 100 , In a second, the first axial direction 25 opposite, axial direction 28 extend from the plate a plurality of circumferentially spaced second fan blades 101 , where the second fan blades 101 , in particular from 18 it can be seen, in the direction of rotation 102 are curved forward, ie opposite to the direction of rotation 102 considered concave ge are arched. To recognize is off 18 further hints that the fan blades 100 . 101 on a radially outer, disc-annular portion of the plate 23 are arranged.

As can be seen in particular 19 results, extend the first fan blades 100 not continuous in the radial direction, but begin radially inward on an imaginary to the axis of rotation 18 arranged circle, with the axial distance to the axis of rotation 18 is arranged. From there, the fan blades extend 100 . 101 to the outer peripheral edge of the fan plate 23 , Out 19 It can also be seen that optionally a semicircular contoured protective element 54 can be provided, but not in the substrate stack facing outflow region of the fan 5 extends into it. The protective element 54 For example, on the still to be explained support arm 105 be determined.

In a centric hub section 103 of the fan wheel 5 is designed as an external rotor motor electric drive motor 28 (Drive, motor) arranged, whose stator 104 on the mentioned arm 105 is fixed, which is transverse to the axis of rotation 18 extends. A rotor 106 of the motor 87 (Drive) is, as shown in the sectional view according to 23 emerges rotationally fixed to the hub portion 103 , more precisely with a coaxial with the axis of rotation 18 extending peripheral wall 107 connected. The peripheral wall 107 is integral with the plate 23 educated. In 23 it can be seen that this is the plate 23 not an annular plate, but a plate with a centric stepped or stepped portion 28 acting on the ground for a receiving opening 109 for the engine 87 (Drive) forms and to the radially outside of the annular portion with the fan blades 100 . 101 borders. If necessary can on this ground, ie the section 108 be waived; in this case would have the plate 23 only a ring shape.

As it turned out 18 results is on the support arm 105 with radial distance to the fan 5 a trained as an optical sensor sensor 110 set, which is arranged approximately centrally with respect to the vertical extent of the fan wheel, that is, with its axial center approximately at the height of the plate 23 located.

As can be seen in particular 22 gives, have the first, in the radial direction straight and arranged on imaginary radius lines fan blades 100 not a rectangular shape, but are radially bevelled inside and limit with the respective chamfered portion 111 a lateral surface of an imaginary, from the axis of rotation 18 interspersed, cone.

Out 24 It can be seen that the height extent of the fan wheel 5 essentially composed of a height h ₁ measured from the center of the plate 23 to the top of the first fan blades 100 and a height h ₂ measured from the axial center of the plate 23 to the axial (lower) end of the second fan blades 101 , Next is drawn in 24 the diameter D of the fan wheel 5 , The air flow rate can be varied by varying the ratio of the diameter D to the heights h ₁ and h ₂ . Preferably, the total height (h ₁ + h ₂ ) of the fan wheel 5 in about 40 to 60% of the diameter D, preferably 50% of the diameter D.

Out 24 is further to recognize that parallel to the plate 23 an optional cover plate 112 is arranged, wherein the second fan blades 101 sandwiched between the plate 23 and the cover plate 112 are included. If necessary, on such a cover plate 112 , the part of the fan wheel 5 is, be waived. In 27 is the arrangement of the cover plate 112 shown in a view from below.

In 25 is a possible shaping of the second, in the direction of rotation 102 curved, in this embodiment lower fan blades 101 shown. It can be seen that the radially inner ends 113 the fan blades in the direction of rotation 102 opposite the associated radially outer ends 114 are set back. This is due to the selected inflow angle α. Furthermore, the size ratio of Eintströmwinkels α to a discharge angle β is shown. The inflow angle α is clamped between a radius line R ₁ (or diameter line) which the radially inner end 113 a second fan blade 101 cuts and a tangent T ₁ to the second fan blade 101 in the area of the inner end 113 , The inflow angle α can be selected from a value range between about + 3 ° and about -90 °. Preferably, the angle α is about -5 °.

Furthermore, the discharge angle β can be seen, which is spanned between the legs of the intersecting tangent lines T ₂ and T ₃ . The tangent T ₂ is at the outer endpoint 114 the radius line R _{2 is} applied, the tangent T ₃ is on the outer circle of the disc 23 at the intersection of the radius line R _{2 created} with the outer circle. The outflow angle β can be selected from a value range between about 0 ° and about + 90 ° and in the present embodiment is about + 10 °.

In 26 is an alternative embodiment of a fan wheel 5 shown, for clarity, only a single second fan blade 101 is drawn. To recognize is the in comparison with 26 substantially larger inflow angle α and the outflow angle β, which essentially corresponds to the outflow angle β 25 equivalent.

In 28 is a loosening device 1 shown. You can see the fan wheel 5 that like in the 18 to 23 and 25 shown and formed previously described. It can be seen parallel to the stacking axis 3 extending axis of rotation 18 to which the flat support arm 105 extends vertically. The support arm 105 connects the fan wheel with an adjustment mechanism 115 , with the help of which the fan wheel 5 along the stack axis 3 can be adjusted. The adjustment mechanism 115 includes a fixed threaded spindle 116 along which a spindle motor 117 is movable, with rotation with the housing of the spindle motor 117 the support arm 105 connected is. The spindle motor 117 is via a control device 118 driven. This is signal-conducting with the sensor 110 connected. Furthermore, the control device is used 118 to drive the engine 87 (Drive) of the fan wheel and for driving a drive for a separating wheel 36 at a ramp 35 is arranged.

By rotation of the housing and baffle-free fan wheel 5 An air flow can be generated on an in 28 for clarity, not marked impact area on the stack 3 impinges, wherein the extension of the impact area transverse to the stack axis 3 larger than the diameter of the fan wheel 5 , as exemplified in 3 is clarified - there, however, in connection with a slightly differently designed fan 5 , The control device is preferred 118 designed so that the fan 5 by a corresponding control of the adjustment mechanism 115 or the spindle motor 117 cyclically (oscillating) along the stack axis back and forth. In the 28 top dashed line shows the maximum ventilation height, the middle dashed line a stack base height below which the substrates are not yet loosened. The bottom dashed line shows a height of the stack 3 during operation of the loosening device 1 from the fan and / or the plate 23 of the fan wheel 5 preferably does not fall below, when the stack base height remains in the drawn position.

The following are based on the 29a to 32 Other possible embodiments of fan wheels 5 shown. That in the 29a and 29b shown fan 5 has on both sides of the circular plate in a straight line in the radial direction outwardly extending fan blades.

This in 30 shown embodiment of a fan plate 5 is formed wavy in the circumferential direction. In other words, the plate 23 and thus the entire fan 5 a dynamic imbalance.

At the in 31a and 31b shown fan 5 the plate runs 23 angled to the axis of rotation 18 , causing the fan wheel 5 receives a dynamic imbalance.

In 32 is a fan 5 shown with a static imbalance.

1

loosening device

2

stack

3

stacking axis

4

substrates

5

fan

6

drive

7

airflow

8th

air cushion

9

first substratum

10

second substratum

11

air cushion

12

third substratum

13

air cushion

14

fourth substratum

15

air cushion

16

fifth substratum

17

left edge side

18

axis of rotation

19

right edge side

20

retaining wall

21

edge side

22

23

plate

24

armature shaft

25

first axially

26

fan blades

27

suction direction

28

second axially

29

fan blades

30

suction direction

31

section

32

sixth substratum

33

seventh substratum

34

feed and separation system

35

ramp

36

separating wheel

37

direction of rotation

38

adjustment

39

transport direction

40

right edge

41

air cushion

42

air cushion

43

air cushion

44

edition

45

border an air cushion

46

border an air cushion

47

section

48

filing and drying system

49

train

50

opening

51

side stop

52

retaining wall

53

retaining wall

54

protection element

55

separating

56

wave

57

poor

58

arrow

59

holding arm

60

edge side

60 '

edge side

61

arrow

62

feather

63

engine

64

arrow

65

carriage

66

coupling link

67

first handlebars

68

Parallelogrammlenkermechanismus

69

second handlebars

70

angle joint

71

counterweight

72

extraction rollers

73

encoder

74

wishbone

75

swivel

76

coupling link

77

wishbone

78

swivel

79

handlebars

80

swivel

81

angle sensor

82

rack

83

rack

84

gear

85

gear

86

bracket

87

engine

88

gear

89

gearing

90

frame

91

Lift table

92

height sensor

93

lift plate

94

pivot

95

compression spring

96

removal plate

97

pivot

98

compression spring

99

block

100

first fan blades

101

second fan blades

102

direction of rotation

103

hub portion

104

stator

105

Beam

106

rotor

107

peripheral wall

108

stepped section

109

receiving opening

110

sensor

111

section

112

cover plate

113

radial inner end

114

radially outer The End

115

adjustment mechanism

116

screw

117

spindle motor

118

control device

R ₁

radius line

R ₂

radius line

T ₁

tangent

T ₂

tangent

H ₁

height section

H ₂

height section

A

distance

B

impingement

d

diameter of the fan wheel

l

length of the impact area

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 19714204 A1 [0003]
• US 6877734 B2 [0004]
• - US 6746011 B2 [0005]
• - US 6729614 B2 [0006]
• US 2005/0285326 A1 [0007]
• US 8777734 B2 [0007]
• - DE 102007018398 [0143]

Claims (45)

Loosening device for a stack ( 2 ) out along a stack axis ( 3 ) stacked flat substrates ( 4 . 8th . 11 . 13 . 15 . 41 . 42 . 43 ) such as papers or the like, with a fan wheel designed as a radial fan ( 5 ) for generating an air flow ( 7 ) for forming an air cushion ( 8th . 11 . 13 . 15 . 41 . 42 . 43 ) at least between a first flat substrate ( 9 ) and a second flat substrate immediately adjacent in the stack ( 10 ), whereby the fan wheel ( 5 ) immediately adjacent to an edge side ( 21 ) of the stack, the stack ( 2 ) directly with the air flow ( 7 ), characterized in that the fan wheel ( 5 ) is designed and / or arranged such that the extension ( 1 ) of the impact area (B) of the air flow ( 7 ) on the edge side ( 21 ) of the stack ( 3 ) across the stack axis ( 3 ) is greater than the diameter (d) of the fan wheel ( 5 ). Loosening device according to claim 1, characterized in that the fan wheel ( 5 ) is formed nozzle-free and / or free of guide elements. Loosening device according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the fan wheel ( 5 ) a particular at least approximately continuous air flow ( 7 ) is formed generating. Loosening device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air flow ( 7 ) is preferably automatically adjustable as a function of at least one substrate parameter, such as the substrate thickness or the substrate surface. Loosening device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fan wheel ( 5 ) and the stack ( 2 ) relative to each other, in particular along the stack axis ( 3 ), are adjustable. Loosening device according to claim 5, characterized in that the stack ( 2 ) in particular as a function of the extent of the stack ( 2 ) along the stack axis, relative to the fan ( 5 ) is adjustable. Loosening device according to one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the stack ( 2 ) on a lift table ( 91 ), or by a slider relative to the fan ( 5 ) is displaceable. Loosening device according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that a stacking section, in particular by means of a lift plate, relative to the fan wheel ( 5 ) adjustable, in particular pivotable, is. Loosening device according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the fan wheel ( 5 ) along the stack axis ( 3 ) relative to the stack ( 2 ) is adjustable. Loosening device according to claim 9, characterized in that the fan wheel ( 5 ) automatically depending on the extent of the stack ( 2 ) along the stack axis ( 3 ) is adjustable. Loosening device according to one of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that the fan wheel ( 5 ) parallel to the stacking axis ( 3 ) or on a curved path, in particular an arcuate path, along the stack axis ( 3 ) is adjustable. Loosening device according to one of claims 9 to 11, preferably according to the preamble of claim 1, characterized in that the fan wheel ( 5 ) in such a way with a separating device ( 55 ), that the fan wheel ( 5 ) a movement of a component of the separating device ( 55 ) along the stack axis ( 3 ) follows. Loosening device according to claim 12, characterized in that the fan wheel ( 5 ) mechanically, in particular by means of a lever mechanism, with a component of the separating device ( 55 ) is coupled. Loosening device according to claim 13, characterized in that the fan wheel ( 5 ) and a component of the separating device ( 55 ) are pivotable about a common pivot axis. Loosening device according to one of claims 9 to 14, characterized in that an adjusting drive for adjusting the fan wheel ( 5 ) along the stack axis ( 3 ) is electronically coupled to the separating device. Loosening device according to claim 15, characterized in that a component of the separating device is associated with an angle sensor for detecting a pivoting angle of the component, and that the adjusting drive in dependence of the pivoting angle along the stacking axis ( 3 ) is adjustable. Loosening device according to one of claims 9 to 16, characterized in that the fan wheel ( 5 ), at least partially, into an area beyond the last substrate of the stack ( 2 ) is adjustable. Loosening device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized gekennzeich net, that the fan ( 5 ) is arranged in the region of an opening of a side stop of the stack. Loosening device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distance (A) of the fan wheel ( 5 ) relative to the stack ( 2 ), in particular automatically, preferably as a function of a substrate parameter such as the substrate thickness, is variable. Loosening device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fan wheel ( 5 ) by means of a drive ( 6 ) is driven. Loosening device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the axis of rotation ( 18 ) of the fan ( 5 ) at least approximately parallel to the stack axis ( 3 ) is arranged. Loosening device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive ( 6 ) and / or the fan wheel ( 5 ) all substrates ( 4 ), preferably with a substrate basis weight ranging between about 120 g / m ² and about 270 g / m ² and / or in an A3 format, in a stacking section having a height between 10 and 30 mm, preferably between 10 and 20 mm are designed loosening / is. Loosening device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive ( 6 ) and / or the fan wheel ( 5 ) between 3 and 15 substrates, preferably between 5 and 10 substrates, in particular with a basis weight of a range between about 120 g / m ² and about 270 g / m ² and / or in an A3 format, are formed loosening / is. Loosening device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fan wheel ( 5 ) one, at least approximately, transverse to the stack axis ( 3 ) extending, in particular rotatably arranged, in particular closed, plate ( 23 ), from which extends in a first axial direction ( 25 ) at least one first fan blade ( 100 . 26 ), preferably a plurality of circumferentially spaced first fan blades (FIG. 100 . 26 . 29 ). Loosening device according to claim 24, characterized in that from the plate ( 23 ) at least one second fan blade ( 100 . 26 ) in one of the first axial direction ( 25 ) opposite second axial direction ( 28 ), preferably a plurality of circumferentially spaced second fan blades (FIG. 100 . 26 . 29 ). Loosening device according to claim 25, characterized in that in a first axial direction ( 25 ) extending first fan blade (s) ( 100 . 26 . 29 ) offset in the circumferential direction to the / in the second axial direction ( 28 ) extending second fan blade (s) ( 100 . 26 . 29 ) is / are arranged. Loosening device according to one of claims 24 to 26, characterized in that, in particular designed as an external rotor motor, electric motor drive ( 87 ), at least in sections, in a central, annularly surrounded by the plate hub portion ( 103 ) of the fan wheel ( 5 ) is arranged. Loosening device according to one of claims 24 to 27, characterized in that the first and / or the second fan blades ( 100 . 101 ) are curved in the radial direction, in particular special concave with respect to the direction of rotation ( 102 ) of the fan wheel ( 5 ). Loosening device according to claim 28, characterized in that the first fan blades ( 100 ) are shaped differently than the second fan blades ( 101 ). Loosening device according to claim 29, characterized in that the first fan blades ( 100 ) in straight and the second fan blades ( 101 ) are curved in the radial direction. Loosening device according to one of claims 25 to 30, characterized in that more, preferably about 25% to about 60% more, first than second fan blades ( 100 . 101 ) are provided. Loosening device according to one of claims 25 to 30, characterized in that the number of first fan blades ( 100 ) at least approximately, preferably exactly, the number of second fan blades ( 101 ) corresponds. Loosening device according to one of claims 25 to 32, characterized in that the Lüfterradhöhe (h ₁ + h ₂ ) about 40% to about 60%, preferably about 50%, of the diameter (D) of the fan wheel ( 5 ) corresponds. Loosening device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a sensor ( 110 ) for detecting the stacking extent in the direction of the stacking axis ( 3 ) is designed as an optical sensor. Loosening device according to one of claims 27 to 3, characterized in that the fan wheel ( 5 ) via the drive ( 87 ) on one, preferably perpendicular to the axis of rotation ( 18 ) extending, support arm ( 105 ) is held. Loosening device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a control device ( 118 ) for controlling adjusting movement of the fan wheel ( 5 ) along the stack axis ( 3 ) is designed such that the fan wheel ( 5 ) oscillates about a relative position to the stack along the stack axis ( 2 ) is moved. Loosening device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fan wheel ( 5 ) is formed housing-free. Loosening device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fan wheel ( 5 ) has no transverse to the axis of rotation extending housing cover and / or housing bottom. Loosening device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the the fan ( 5 ) opposite edge side of the stack ( 2 ) at least one further fan ( 5 ) and / or a stowage wall ( 20 ) is arranged. Loosening device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stacking axis ( 3 ) runs vertically or horizontally. Loosening device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the loosening device ( 1 ) is formed free holder. Feeding and separating system ( 34 ) for in a pile ( 2 ) along a stack axis ( 3 ) stacked flat substrates ( 4 ) such as papers and the like, with a transport device ( 39 ) for the first substrate ( 9 ) of the stack ( 2 ) and with a loosening device ( 1 ) according to any one of the preceding claims. Feeding and separating system according to claim 42, characterized in that the transport device ( 39 ) at least one of the first substrate ( 9 ) to a separating device ( 35 ) (Ramp) promoting separating wheel ( 36 ) (Roll). Storage and drying system for in a stack ( 2 ) along a stack axis ( 3 ) stacked flat printed substrates ( 4 ) such as papers and the like with a loosening device ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 41. Substrate handling system, in particular duplication and / or printing and / or scanning and / or deformation system with a feeding and / or separating system ( 34 ) according to one of claims 42 or 43, and / or with a filing and / or drying system according to claim 44.