DE202006003429U1 - Depolymerization device for polymerizing raw materials containing hydrocarbons, such as residues, comprises agitator, a reactor, mixing element of the self-cleaning element intended for cyclic removal of deposits from the reactor - Google Patents

Abstract

The depolymerization device for polymerizing raw materials containing hydrocarbons, such as residues, comprises agitator (8), heated reactor (4), mixing element (8B) of the self-cleaning element intended for cyclic removal of deposits from the reactor. The self-cleaning element implements a relative motion to the mixing element under mutual plant at the mixing element that exhibits a scraping element. The self-cleaning element is movable on or in a drive component led along the mixing element/scraping element by a rotational shaft. The depolymerization device for polymerizing raw materials containing hydrocarbons, such as residues, comprises agitator (8), heated reactor (4), mixing element (8B) of the self-cleaning element intended for cyclic removal of deposits from the reactor. The self-cleaning element implements a relative motion to the mixing element under mutual plant at the mixing element that exhibits a scraping element. The self-cleaning element is movable on or in a drive component led along the mixing element/scraping element by a rotational shaft, exhibits a scraping edge corresponding to the contour of the mixer element or the contour of the scraping element and is arranged at the front side of the mixer element/the scraping element in direction of motion. The self-cleaning head is movable by the flexural-elastic drive component led along the mixing element or the scraping element. The reactor exhibits a spherical internal contour. The mixing element/the scraping element consists of a temperature-stable ceramic/graphite material. The mixing element or the scraping elements of the inner wall contour of the reactor is reproduced. A scraping head consists of two wings. The scraping head rests at the inner wall of the reactor with its net-weight or by a thrust force uprightly received over the rotational shaft. The rotation shaft exhibits a plug-in, rotary drive connection, which increases wear of the scraping elements. A movement of the scraping head is allowed for balancing the wear part. The wings of the scraping head exhibit an uptake for the scraping element formed as wear part. A separating layer is used for avoiding contact between the uptake and the scraping element at the wings. An electric circuit seizes an electrically guiding bypass between a scraping element and a reception or fixation of the scarping element as a signal for an advanced wears of the scraping element.

Description

The The invention relates to a depolymerization plant for hydrocarbon-containing Raw materials with a stirrer having, outside heated Reactor.

at the depolymerization of hydrocarbon-containing residues, in particular for the production of diesel oil, become the raw materials, such as waste, waste or residue materials with or without catalyst application at temperatures between 300 and 450 ° C depolymerizes, i.e., the molecules long-chain hydrocarbon compounds are split. The Fission products evaporate and are further treated to the final product, e.g. distilled. Liquid or remaining, so-called bottoms, are extracted from the Discharged reactor. The internal reactor temperature is using a stirrer uniform. Additionally or alternatively to stir The reactor wall can cyclically by scraping element of deposits be freed. The maintenance of a certain internal reactor temperature is for the continuity the depolymerization process of great importance. Local temperature overruns, but also changes in the raw material composition usually lead to deposits or caking, in particular of carbon on the reactor walls and nenin at the mixer elements or the scraping elements, so that process disturbances and interruptions occur and the reactor or the stirring or scraping cleaned or need to be replaced.

To improve the availability of generic Depolymerisationsanlagen is. According to the invention a depolymerization proposed with the features of claim 1. Accordingly, a self-cleaning element is provided that the reactor ( 4 ) including its heating ( 5 ) preferably separated from a reactor cover ( 4D ), by lowering the distillation column ( 9 ) and is interchangeable with a new or overhauled reactor. This cleaning can proceed without interruption of the depolymerization operation. Under certain circumstances, the stirrer head or scraping head will be stopped during the self-cleaning step. This is possible without disturbing the depolymerization process, because the self-cleaning step takes up only a very small amount of time.

The Self-cleaning is particularly effective with mutual Plant of the self-cleaning element on the mixer element or the cockroach element. Such relative movement can transverse to a to be cleaned edge. But it can also be a self-cleaning head be moved along the edge or surface to be cleaned.

The activity the self-cleaning element is particularly simple when a drive element along a rotational shaft of the scraper or stirrer is displaceable, the z. B. performs a telescopic movement relative to the rotation shaft.

Own self-cleaning agent according to the invention especially for Reactors with a rotationally symmetric and / or approximately spherical Inner contour.

The Use temperature resistant Ceramic or graphite materials for the mixer element, the scraper element or the self-cleaning element improves the long-term usability.

Especially Self-cleaning scraper elements are effective if they are part of it a scraper head, with its own weight and / or by means of one over the rotation shaft maintained compressive force against the inner wall of the reactor can be applied. Rotary heads or shafts that cause movement of the Allow scraping head in the axial direction, such as a pluggable rotary drive connection, allow the wear of the Balancing scraper elements and thus a permanent investment allow the reactor inner wall with a small clearance clearance. When the scraping head of a receptacle for a trained as wearing part Having shell element, simplifies the choice of materials for the different Components of the scraping head, in particular the optimization of the wear behavior the scraping elements and the conservation of the reactor inner wall. The increasing Wear the Cockroaches are preferably monitored, e.g. can achieve that monitored a limit wear value become. You can do this in particular electrical contacts are used. Especially preferred the scraper element forms a contact and a receptacle of the scraper element the counter contact. For this purpose, both elements are electrically against each other isolated. These two contacts can e.g. through the reactor wall be bridged by yourself, if the cocking element is worn correspondingly far.

The the aforementioned and the claimed and in the embodiments described to be used according to the invention Components are subject in size, shape design, Material selection and technical conception no special exceptions, so that the selection criteria known in the field of application apply without restriction can find

Further details, features and advantages of the subject matter of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, as well as from the following description of the impaired drawing and table in which - by way of example - an embodiment of a Depolymerisationsanlage is shown.

In show the drawing.

1 a schematic representation of a reactor of a Depolymerisationsanlage including reactor heating as a schematic representation in vertical section through the reactor center;

2A for a depolymerization reactor, a scraping head in the scraping position;

2 B the same scraper head in self-cleaning position;

3A an alternative embodiment of a scraper head in scraping position;

3B from the same scraper head an enlarged detail in a position during the self-cleaning of the scraper head;

3C from the same scraper head (in position accordingly 3B ) a further enlarged detail;

4 for a reactor accordingly 1 a detailed view of the coupling of a scraper head to a rotation shaft and

5 from the same reactor a sectional view (section along the line VV according to 1 ) which shows a scraper element held by a receptacle.

1 shows in the form of a schematic diagram (in a central vertical sectional view) by way of example a cup-shaped, rotationally symmetrical reactor 4 with a stirrer 8th with several stirrer arms 8A and wing-like mixing elements 8B , which may consist at least partially of ceramic or graphite material. The mixer elements 8B are to the dome-shaped inner contour, ie the inner wall 4C of the reactor 4 adapted, wherein a comparatively small gap gap S can be maintained. As a result, the inner contour of the preferably outside heated reactor 4 constantly freed from forming caking approaches. In addition, the mixing of the contents of the reactor prevents overheating of the contents of the reactor near the heat-carrying walls. In the embodiment, the outer wall of the reactor forms 4E Part of a windbox of a heating 5 , For this purpose, the reactor pot 4G with its circumferential mouth flange 4G ' on a flange 5A ' a box-shaped heating mantle 5A placed. Inside the heating mantle 5A There is a perforations having intermediate bottom 5B who has a flexible line 5C from a mixer 5D supplied with eg 560 ° C hot gas. This is created by mixing the flue gases of a gas-heated flame, via a blower 5E Air, for example, to room temperature (RT) is added. The hot exhaust gases leave the heating jacket via a trigger 5F , The reactor 4 is through one on the mouth bottle 4G ' resting reactor cover 4D tightly closed. This lid carries a distillation column 9 and takes the raw material feed 4H on. He is kept stationary on a suitable rack. For cleaning purposes and the like, the reactor pot 4G including the heating mantle 5A from the reactor lid 4D be solved and, as shown by double arrows A, lowered and subsequently from the position below the reactor cover 4D , for example, by pivoting (double arrows R), moved out. At the same time, the stirrer or doctoring head to be described can be removed at the same time ( 4 ). The outlet for residues is correspondingly flexible or detachable connected to a residue line. In the embodiment, the outlet consists of a reactor sump 4B , with a thermally insulated wall 4B ' provided by the heating jacket or windbox led to the outside and with a discharge lock 4J intermittently lockable.

How out 4 can be seen, the decoupling of the rotation shaft 4E one in 2 and 3 represented scraper or mixing head by a plug-in rotary drive connection made so that (except the separability of its drive motor M) the head vertical play is allowed while the drive motor M with its drive shaft fixed on the reactor cover 4D remains.

2A / 2 B show a first embodiment of a scraper head 10D , as according to the stirrer in the embodiment 1 is usable. In these figures, two side representations with a) and c) and the view from above with b) are designated. Out 2 B a) the two are approximately quarter-round and together form a crescent shape forming wings 10B visible on their radial outside as scraper elements 10C act or are trained. The cockroach elements 10C can on the inside wall 4C of the reactor 4 under the weight of the scraping head 10D issue. During the depolymerization process, the scraper head, which also acts as a mixer, becomes 10D slowly, eg with 5 to 10 revolutions per minute rotated. The reactor walls are kept free from deposits. After a certain period of operation, which can be determined by experience or measurement, the scraper head 10D under continuous rotation or during an interruption of the rotational movement by a self-cleaning element 10G cleaned. This is in the embodiment of the sickle shape of the wings 10B reproduced and is during the normal Schabebe drive in a position spaced from the reactor wall, as shown in FIG 2 B represents is. The self-cleaning element 10G is with a drive element 10H connected, which telescopic in or on the rotation shaft 10E is guided. By a telescoping movement of the drive element 10H becomes the self-cleaning element 10D moved vertically. This is his scraping edge 10G ' on the wings 10B and removes any caking schabend from the front in the direction of rotation wing surfaces to near or to the scraping edge of the scraper element 10C approach. This scraping self-cleaning step can also be done by multiple up and down movement. - Alternatively, it is also possible for self-cleaning, the relative movement between Selbstreinigungsele element and cocking element to be designed so that the self-cleaning element remains in its original position and the cocking element is pulled up by a suitable amount and then lowered again.

At the in 3A to 3C illustrated embodiment, the scraper elements 10C provided with in cross-section C-shaped profiles, which are located at the lower end of a rotary shaft 10E connect and one drive element 10H to take up leadership. A self-cleaning head 10G '' is also along the scraping element 10C feasible and arranged in mutual contact with this. This self-cleaning head is connected to one end of the associated drive element 10A connected and is thereby moved along the scraping edge, when the drive element 10H telescoping with respect to the rotation shaft 10E is moved. The figures show various intermediate positions of the self-cleaning head. This knows in the illustrated embodiment, for example, a U-shape, wherein the U-legs on the scraping edge of the scraper element 10C do not protrude to the outside. The uses according to the embodiment according to 2A to 2C ,

Incidentally, the scraper elements can be designed in very different ways. According to the embodiment 5 there is the cockroach element 10C from one of a shot 10F with the interposition of a release layer 12A held material profile, wherein the material may be selected according to the desired wear resistance / or reactor wall protection. In the embodiment, the wear is already far advanced, so that the recording 10F Almost touched the reactor wall. If the wear has progressed so far that such a contact occurs, the recording 10F and the cockroach element 10C from the reactor wall 4C electrically bridged. An evaluation circuit then determines the permitted limit wear, and informs that the cocking element 10C is to replace.

1

raw material

2

preheating

2A

expansion stage

3

injection

4

reactor

4A

headspace

4B

swamp

4B '

wall

4C

inner wall

4D

reactor cover

4E

outer wall

4F

flow guide

4G

reactor pot

4G '

Mündungsflansch

4H

raw material feed

4J

airlock

5

heating

5A

heating jacket

5A '

flange

5B

false floor

5C

management

5D

mixer

5E

fan

5F

deduction

6

product

7

waste material

8th

stirrer

8A

poor

8B

mixer elements

9

distillation column

10

Scraper means

10A

poor

10B

wing

10C

scraper

10D

Schabekopf

10E

rotary shaft

10F

admission

10G

Self-cleaning element

10G '

scraping

10G ''

Self-cleaning head

10H

driving element

12

Wear detector

12A

Interface

A

double arrows

S

clearance gap

M

engine

R

double arrows

Claims (19)

Depolymerization plant for hydrocarbonaceous raw materials with a stirrer ( 8th ), externally heated reactor ( 4 ), characterized in that the mixer elements of the stirrer self-cleaning elements ( 10G ) are provided for cyclically removing deposits on the mixer elements. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the self-cleaning element ( 10G ) with mutual contact with the mixer element ( 8B ) a relative movement to the mixer element ( 8B ). Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mixer element ( 8B ) a cocking element ( 10C ) having. Apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the self-cleaning element ( 10G ) about on or in a rotation shaft ( 10E ) guided drive element ( 10H ) along the mixer element ( 8B ) or the cocking element ( 10C ) is displaceable. Device according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the self-cleaning element ( 10G ) a scraping edge ( 10G ' ) with one of the contour of the mixer element ( 8B ) or the cockroach elements ( 10C ) has substantially corresponding contour. Device according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the self-cleaning element ( 10G ) at the front of the mixer element (in the direction of movement) ( 8B ) or the cocking element 10C is arranged. Device according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized by a along the mixer element ( 8b ) or the scraping edge of the scraping element ( 10C ) along movable self-cleaning head ( 10G '' ). Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the self-cleaning head ( 10G '' ) by means of a along the mixer element ( 8B ) or the cocking element ( 10C ) guided flexurally elastic drive element ( 10H ) along the mixer element ( 8B ) or the cocking element ( 10C ) is movable. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the reactor ( 4 ) has a rotationally symmetrical inner contour. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the reactor ( 4 ) has an approximately spherical inner contour. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the mixer elements ( 8B ) or the cockroach elements ( 10C ) consist at least partially of temperature-resistant ceramic or graphite material. Apparatus according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the mixer elements ( 8B ) or the scraping elements ( 10C ) of the inner wall contour of the reactor ( 4 ) are essentially modeled. Apparatus according to claim 12, characterized by a scraping head ( 10D ), which consists of a rotation shaft ( 10E ) and at least two wings containing the cockroach elements ( 10C ). Device according to claim 13, characterized in that the scraping head ( 10D ) with its own weight and / or by means of a rotation shaft ( 10E ) maintained pressure force on the inner wall ( 4C ) of the reactor ( 4 ) is present. Apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that the rotation shaft ( 10E ) has a, in particular pluggable, rotary drive connection, which with increasing wear of the scraper elements ( 10C ) a movement of the scraper head ( 10D ) to compensate for the wear clearance allowed. Device according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the wings of the scraper head ( 10D ) a receptacle for a scraper element designed as a wear part ( 10C ) exhibit. Device according to claim 16, characterized by a separating layer ( 12A ) for avoiding contact between the recording ( 10F ) and the cocking element ( 10C ) on the wings. Device according to one of claims 13 to 17, characterized by a wear detection device ( 12 ) for the scraping elements ( 10C ). Device according to Claim 18, characterized by an electrical circuit which has an electrically conductive bridging between a scraper element ( 10C ) and a receptacle or attachment of the scraper element ( 10C ) as a signal for advanced wear of the scraper element 10C detected.