DE202004021208U1 - Vorrichtung zum Testen optischer Netzwerke - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zum Testen optischer Netzwerke Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE202004021208U1 DE202004021208U1 DE202004021208U DE202004021208U DE202004021208U1 DE 202004021208 U1 DE202004021208 U1 DE 202004021208U1 DE 202004021208 U DE202004021208 U DE 202004021208U DE 202004021208 U DE202004021208 U DE 202004021208U DE 202004021208 U1 DE202004021208 U1 DE 202004021208U1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- optical
- connectors
- propagating
- network terminals
- signal power
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/07—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
- H04B10/075—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal
- H04B10/079—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
- H04B10/0795—Performance monitoring; Measurement of transmission parameters
- H04B10/07955—Monitoring or measuring power
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/07—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
- H04B10/075—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal
- H04B10/079—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/07—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
- H04B10/075—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal
- H04B10/079—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
- H04B10/0793—Network aspects, e.g. central monitoring of transmission parameters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/07—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
- H04B10/075—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal
- H04B10/079—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
- H04B10/0795—Performance monitoring; Measurement of transmission parameters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/07—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
- H04B10/075—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal
- H04B10/079—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
- H04B10/0795—Performance monitoring; Measurement of transmission parameters
- H04B10/07953—Monitoring or measuring OSNR, BER or Q
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
- H04B3/02—Details
- H04B3/46—Monitoring; Testing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
- H04Q11/0067—Provisions for optical access or distribution networks, e.g. Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network (GE-PON), ATM-based Passive Optical Network (A-PON), PON-Ring
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
- H04Q2011/0079—Operation or maintenance aspects
- H04Q2011/0083—Testing; Monitoring
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optical Communication System (AREA)
- Testing Of Optical Devices Or Fibers (AREA)
- Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US51110503P | 2003-10-15 | 2003-10-15 | |
DE112004001310T DE112004001310T5 (de) | 2003-10-15 | 2004-08-23 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Testen optischer Netzwerke |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE202004021208U1 true DE202004021208U1 (de) | 2007-04-12 |
Family
ID=34435140
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE602004021495T Expired - Lifetime DE602004021495D1 (de) | 2003-10-15 | 2004-08-23 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum testen optischer netzwerke |
DE202004021208U Expired - Lifetime DE202004021208U1 (de) | 2003-10-15 | 2004-08-23 | Vorrichtung zum Testen optischer Netzwerke |
DE112004001310T Withdrawn DE112004001310T5 (de) | 2003-10-15 | 2004-08-23 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Testen optischer Netzwerke |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE602004021495T Expired - Lifetime DE602004021495D1 (de) | 2003-10-15 | 2004-08-23 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum testen optischer netzwerke |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE112004001310T Withdrawn DE112004001310T5 (de) | 2003-10-15 | 2004-08-23 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Testen optischer Netzwerke |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (5) | US7187861B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1673881B1 (de) |
CN (2) | CN102611497B (de) |
AT (1) | ATE433623T1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2541838C (de) |
DE (3) | DE602004021495D1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2327045T3 (de) |
HK (1) | HK1174158A1 (de) |
PT (1) | PT1673881E (de) |
RU (1) | RU2345490C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2005036783A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (49)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102611497B (zh) * | 2003-10-15 | 2016-05-11 | 埃科斯弗公司 | 用于测试光网络的方法和装置 |
US7590142B2 (en) * | 2004-04-02 | 2009-09-15 | Avo Multi-Amp Corporation Dba Megger | Adapter channel mapping system and method |
US20050268183A1 (en) * | 2004-05-25 | 2005-12-01 | Barmettler Mark G | Local area network measurement test device |
US20060176944A1 (en) * | 2005-02-10 | 2006-08-10 | Avo Multi-Amp Corporation D/B/A Megger | Synthesizer design for network testing device |
US7756418B2 (en) * | 2005-03-07 | 2010-07-13 | Anritsu Instruments Company | Passive optical network loss test apparatus and method of use thereof |
US7400151B2 (en) * | 2005-07-25 | 2008-07-15 | Avo Multi-Amp Corporation | Connector crosstalk and return loss cancellation |
US8160444B2 (en) * | 2006-02-07 | 2012-04-17 | Afl Telecommunications Llc | Apparatus and method for selecting and passing an optical wavelength from an aggregate optical signal |
US7739561B2 (en) * | 2006-07-14 | 2010-06-15 | At&T Intellectual Property 1, L.P. | Method and apparatus for monitoring an optical network signal |
US7429866B2 (en) * | 2006-08-21 | 2008-09-30 | Avo Multi-Amp Corporation | System and method for resistance measurement |
DK2084836T3 (da) * | 2006-11-17 | 2019-05-13 | Afl Telecommunications Llc | Signalidentificerende fremgangsmåde til en optisk fiber |
US8731341B2 (en) * | 2006-11-17 | 2014-05-20 | Afl Telecommunications Llc | Signal identifying apparatus for an optical fiber |
CN100589346C (zh) * | 2007-03-14 | 2010-02-10 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | 无源光网络保护系统及方法 |
JP2008271479A (ja) * | 2007-04-25 | 2008-11-06 | Nec Corp | Dpsk光受信器 |
US20080292312A1 (en) * | 2007-05-21 | 2008-11-27 | Tellabs Petaluma, Inc. | Method and apparatus for determining optical path attenuation between passive optical network nodes |
JP4552977B2 (ja) * | 2007-07-13 | 2010-09-29 | 沖電気工業株式会社 | 光信号品質モニタ装置 |
CN101114879B (zh) * | 2007-08-22 | 2013-08-21 | 沈成彬 | 一种手持式无源光网络的链路故障诊断装置 |
CN101150363B (zh) * | 2007-08-22 | 2013-01-23 | 刘艳华 | 一种手持式无源光网络链路监测装置 |
US20090129773A1 (en) * | 2007-11-21 | 2009-05-21 | Moshe Oron | Method and apparatus for isolating a location of a fault in a passive optical network |
US8611740B2 (en) * | 2008-02-22 | 2013-12-17 | Motorola Mobility Llc | System and method for protecting an extended passive optical network |
KR100964240B1 (ko) * | 2008-07-09 | 2010-06-16 | 주식회사 나노트로닉스 | 수동광통신망의 광출력 측정장치 및 방법 |
US8270845B2 (en) * | 2009-02-17 | 2012-09-18 | Gigamon Llc | Multimode fiber tap for a LRM connection |
US8897651B2 (en) * | 2009-09-25 | 2014-11-25 | Futurewei Technologies, Inc | Passive optical network data over cable service interface specification upstream proxy architecture over the next generation hybrid fiber-coaxial networks |
US9106335B2 (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2015-08-11 | Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute | Automatic wavelength recognition apparatus and method |
FR2979778A1 (fr) * | 2011-09-05 | 2013-03-08 | France Telecom | Procede de protection d'un pon contre l'eblouissement par un ont |
EP2781040B1 (de) | 2012-02-07 | 2019-10-02 | AFL Telecommunications LLC | Optische anordnungen mit mehrfacher wellenlänge zur inline-messung der optischen leistung von glasfasernetzwerken |
JP2013258530A (ja) * | 2012-06-12 | 2013-12-26 | Fujitsu Ltd | 双方向モニタモジュール、光モジュール及び光分岐挿入装置 |
PL221720B1 (pl) | 2012-09-05 | 2016-05-31 | Telekomunikacja Polska Spółka Akcyjna | Sposób i układ do kompleksowego pomiaru wyjściowej mocy sygnału optycznego, stosunku sygnału optycznego do szumu oraz poziomu przenikania sygnału optycznego między kanałami optycznymi w światłowodowym systemie telekomunikacyjnym |
CN102916740A (zh) * | 2012-11-01 | 2013-02-06 | 烽火通信科技股份有限公司 | 多波长无源光网络中的双向光功率测量装置及方法 |
US9379813B2 (en) | 2013-08-07 | 2016-06-28 | Viavi Solutions Deutschland Gmbh | Testing a passive optical network |
CN104579457A (zh) * | 2013-10-14 | 2015-04-29 | 上海光维通信技术股份有限公司 | Pon系统中光功率测试装置 |
CN103763023A (zh) * | 2014-01-22 | 2014-04-30 | 桂林聚联科技有限公司 | 一种用于无源光网络测试的onu状态测试仪 |
US9369203B1 (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2016-06-14 | Google Inc. | Wirelessly powered passive optical power meter |
KR102165074B1 (ko) * | 2015-05-14 | 2020-10-13 | 주식회사 쏠리드 | 파장분할 다중방식 수동형 광가입자망의 광신호 모니터링 장치 |
US9673897B2 (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-06-06 | Viavi Solutions Deutschland Gmbh | Optical network test instrument including optical network unit identifier capture capability from downstream signals |
US9831948B2 (en) | 2015-09-22 | 2017-11-28 | Exfo Inc. | Optical power measurement in a passive optical network |
US10270554B2 (en) | 2015-09-22 | 2019-04-23 | Exfo Inc. | Optical power measurement in a passive optical network |
US20170288782A1 (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2017-10-05 | Nokia Solutions And Networks Oy | Apparatus And Method For Transmitting In An Optical Communication Network |
KR102456413B1 (ko) * | 2016-07-12 | 2022-10-20 | 주식회사 에이제이월드 | 광선로 상태 확인장치 |
CN107786263A (zh) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-09 | 北京信维科技股份有限公司 | 适用于1g及10gpon网络测试的综合功率测试装置 |
CN106533552B (zh) * | 2016-10-27 | 2019-03-19 | 武汉光迅科技股份有限公司 | 一种光放大器突发模式下的光功率和增益探测装置和方法 |
US10771153B2 (en) | 2017-06-27 | 2020-09-08 | Afl Telecommunications Llc | Optical power measurement apparatus |
KR102038376B1 (ko) * | 2017-07-14 | 2019-10-30 | 주식회사 이스트포토닉스 | 방향성 광 파워 및 광 파장을 측정할 수 있는 광신호 측정장치 |
US10382126B1 (en) | 2018-06-29 | 2019-08-13 | Viavi Solutions Deutschalnd Gmbh | Multi-wavelength power sensing |
LT3637081T (lt) | 2018-10-11 | 2023-05-25 | Exfo Inc. | Optinis testavimo prietaisas su išimama kasete |
US11726002B2 (en) | 2018-10-11 | 2023-08-15 | Exfo Inc. | Optical test instrument with removable cartridge |
US11405100B2 (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2022-08-02 | Comcast Cable Communications, Llc | Methods and systems for monitoring optical networks |
US10979141B1 (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2021-04-13 | Nokia Technologies Oy | Optical network unit compliance detection |
US11184692B2 (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2021-11-23 | Verizon Patent And Licensing Inc. | Systems and methods for measurement of optical parameters in an optical network |
WO2023182593A1 (ko) | 2022-03-25 | 2023-09-28 | 주식회사 피피아이 | 다중 입력형 awg를 이용한 pon 파워미터 |
Family Cites Families (30)
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US4234253A (en) | 1979-04-26 | 1980-11-18 | Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation | Attenuation measuring system |
DE3425671A1 (de) | 1984-07-12 | 1986-01-23 | Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum messen der daempfung an lichtwellenleitern |
GB2179733B (en) | 1985-08-29 | 1989-08-09 | Stc Plc | Plural wavelength optical fibre reflectometer |
US4726676A (en) | 1986-02-06 | 1988-02-23 | General Signal Corporation | Optical signal power measurement method and apparatus |
JPS62251633A (ja) | 1986-04-24 | 1987-11-02 | Ando Electric Co Ltd | 光フアイバ測定装置 |
JPS63210743A (ja) | 1987-02-27 | 1988-09-01 | Anritsu Corp | 波長分散測定器 |
CA1315858C (en) | 1987-10-30 | 1993-04-06 | David Douglas Clegg | Telecommunications wiring test apparatus and method |
US5321541A (en) * | 1991-12-12 | 1994-06-14 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Passive optical communication network with broadband upgrade |
US5305078A (en) | 1992-01-21 | 1994-04-19 | Exfo Electro-Optical Engineering Inc. | Measurement of attenuation of optical fibers using transmitted wavelength and power information |
US5383015A (en) | 1992-12-22 | 1995-01-17 | At&T Corp. | Optical time domain reflectometry measurements on a multi-branch optical network using multiwavelength pass filters |
NL9301903A (nl) * | 1993-11-04 | 1995-06-01 | Nederland Ptt | Plaatsonafhankelijke toepassing van een op correlatie gebaseerde OTDR-techniek in een vertakt optische vezel-netwerk in bedrijf. |
DE69418583T2 (de) | 1993-12-27 | 2000-02-17 | Nec Corp., Tokio/Tokyo | Überwachung von Zweiwegleitungen |
DE69416396T2 (de) * | 1994-04-11 | 1999-06-10 | Hewlett-Packard Gmbh, 71034 Boeblingen | Rauschpegelmessungsverfahren in Gegenwart von einem Signal |
US5535038A (en) * | 1994-06-17 | 1996-07-09 | Hinch; Stephen W. | Apparatus and method for determining extinction ratio of digital laser transmitters |
US5825516A (en) | 1996-07-25 | 1998-10-20 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Optical power meter for detecting loss factors in fiber optic communications |
US6188509B1 (en) * | 1997-01-05 | 2001-02-13 | Korea Advanced Institute Science And Technology | Simple bidirectional add/drop amplifier module based on a single multiplexer |
US6072614A (en) * | 1997-08-21 | 2000-06-06 | Nortel Networks Corporation | Monitoring induced counterpropagating signals in optical communications systems |
US6111676A (en) | 1998-02-26 | 2000-08-29 | Nortel Networks Corporation | Wavelength specific optical reflection meter/locator in signatured wavelength division multiplexed systems |
AU4830699A (en) * | 1998-06-23 | 2000-01-10 | Ditech Corporation | Optical network monitor |
JP3457548B2 (ja) * | 1998-09-25 | 2003-10-20 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 偏波無依存リフレクトメトリー及び偏波無依存リフレクトメータ |
DE19928940A1 (de) | 1999-06-24 | 2001-01-11 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zum Messen der Signalqualität eines optischen Datensignals |
US6480977B1 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2002-11-12 | Worldcom, Inc. | Multi-protocol monitor |
US6650803B1 (en) * | 1999-11-02 | 2003-11-18 | Xros, Inc. | Method and apparatus for optical to electrical to optical conversion in an optical cross-connect switch |
WO2001076109A1 (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2001-10-11 | Wavetek Wandel Goltermann, Inc. | Tdma power measurement |
US6396575B1 (en) * | 2000-05-31 | 2002-05-28 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Test and measurement system for detecting and monitoring faults and losses in passive optical networks (PONs) |
US20010048537A1 (en) | 2000-06-02 | 2001-12-06 | Michael Sussman | Device and method for monitoring signal direction in an optical communications network |
US6839523B1 (en) * | 2001-05-11 | 2005-01-04 | Nortel Networks Limited | Monitoring distributed gain in an optical transmission system |
US6600594B1 (en) * | 2002-02-21 | 2003-07-29 | Lightech Fiberoptics, Inc. | Intelligent variable optical attenuator with controller and attenuation calibration |
US7254325B2 (en) * | 2003-05-06 | 2007-08-07 | Fujitsu Limited | Method and system for optical performance monitoring |
CN102611497B (zh) * | 2003-10-15 | 2016-05-11 | 埃科斯弗公司 | 用于测试光网络的方法和装置 |
-
2004
- 2004-08-23 CN CN201210035597.4A patent/CN102611497B/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-08-23 CA CA002541838A patent/CA2541838C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-08-23 AT AT04761716T patent/ATE433623T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-08-23 DE DE602004021495T patent/DE602004021495D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-08-23 RU RU2006115478/09A patent/RU2345490C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-08-23 ES ES04761716T patent/ES2327045T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-08-23 CN CN2004800227217A patent/CN1833384B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-08-23 WO PCT/CA2004/001552 patent/WO2005036783A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-08-23 EP EP04761716A patent/EP1673881B1/de not_active Revoked
- 2004-08-23 US US10/538,768 patent/US7187861B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-08-23 PT PT04761716T patent/PT1673881E/pt unknown
- 2004-08-23 DE DE202004021208U patent/DE202004021208U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-08-23 DE DE112004001310T patent/DE112004001310T5/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2007
- 2007-03-05 US US11/713,735 patent/US7995915B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2011
- 2011-08-05 US US13/204,350 patent/US8861953B2/en active Active
-
2013
- 2013-01-22 HK HK13100954.9A patent/HK1174158A1/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2014
- 2014-08-26 US US14/468,890 patent/US9287974B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2016
- 2016-03-14 US US15/069,365 patent/US9654213B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20060171711A1 (en) | 2006-08-03 |
US20070154212A1 (en) | 2007-07-05 |
CA2541838C (en) | 2009-06-30 |
CN102611497B (zh) | 2016-05-11 |
US8861953B2 (en) | 2014-10-14 |
RU2345490C2 (ru) | 2009-01-27 |
US9287974B2 (en) | 2016-03-15 |
US20110293267A1 (en) | 2011-12-01 |
DE112004001310T5 (de) | 2006-05-24 |
WO2005036783A1 (en) | 2005-04-21 |
US7187861B2 (en) | 2007-03-06 |
ATE433623T1 (de) | 2009-06-15 |
RU2006115478A (ru) | 2007-11-20 |
EP1673881A1 (de) | 2006-06-28 |
US20160197674A1 (en) | 2016-07-07 |
DE602004021495D1 (de) | 2009-07-23 |
EP1673881B1 (de) | 2009-06-10 |
EP1673881A4 (de) | 2008-03-19 |
CN1833384B (zh) | 2012-03-21 |
US20140363157A1 (en) | 2014-12-11 |
US7995915B2 (en) | 2011-08-09 |
CA2541838A1 (en) | 2005-04-21 |
HK1174158A1 (zh) | 2013-05-31 |
CN1833384A (zh) | 2006-09-13 |
PT1673881E (pt) | 2009-06-26 |
ES2327045T3 (es) | 2009-10-23 |
US9654213B2 (en) | 2017-05-16 |
CN102611497A (zh) | 2012-07-25 |
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