DE20006462U1 - Elongated brick - Google Patents

Description

Brümmerstedt Oelfke'Seewald'& Köhig ^# Law firm

Our sign date

Wienerberger 487/013 April 6, 2000

Brick Industry GmbH drk/ry

Long hole brick

The invention relates to a long-hole brick according to the preamble of claim 1.
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The object of the present invention is to create a novel long-hole brick with which the production of thermally insulated masonry in particular is simplified and improved.
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This object is achieved by the invention according to claim. Advantageous and expedient further developments are specified in claims 2 and 3.

The invention proposes an S-shaped long-hole brick in cross-section transverse to the long holes, in which the S-curves are rectangular. The S-shaped long-hole brick is referred to below as an S-brick.

This S-brick is a completely new type of construction that, when combined with special insulation panels, creates a thermally insulated, diffusible and therefore healthy external wall that optimally meets future thermal insulation requirements. The S-brick can be connected in layers with mortar joints or with mortar fleece or mortar bandage. The S-brick can be made in almost any length, so that a wall can be put together from just a few parts. The inventive

S-bricks enable the lengthwise prefabrication of at least parts of a wall.

By varying the number of hole rows and the hole row arrangement within the S-brick as well as the insulation thickness, key parameters such as compressive strength in the vertical direction and thermal conductivity in the wall width direction can be controlled.

When constructing the masonry, the S-bricks are preferably laid one after the other, alternating sides. This creates a joint pattern without horizontal mortar joints, which otherwise represent thermal bridges and have a significantly negative impact on thermal insulation. The mortar joints are interrupted by the cavities formed by the spaces between adjacent S-bricks.

What is new and particularly advantageous is that when the brickwork is being constructed, the insulation panels can be placed in the gaps between the S-bricks. The S-bricks are placed one after the other on the insulation panels. This also creates a joint pattern without horizontal mortar joints, which otherwise represent thermal bridges and have a significant negative effect on thermal insulation. The mortar joints are interrupted by the cavities filled with insulation panels, which are formed by the gaps between neighboring S-bricks. The insulation panels fix the S-bricks in place, so that vertical brickwork is created almost automatically.

The insulation materials can also be flush with the storage area or slightly protrude above the storage area. This has the advantage that the thermal insulation materials

can be installed at the factory into the spaces between the S-bricks.

All types of thermal insulation can be used as insulation, for example fiber insulation such as rock wool, glass wool, wood wool etc. as well as more rigid insulation elements such as insulation boards, for example made of foams such as polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam, polystyrene extruded foam, polyurethane rigid foam, phenolic resin rigid foam, foam glass etc. All types of insulation can be used except for loose fill. One advantage of such a construction is that components of the fiber insulation cannot trickle out, which is beneficial from a health point of view. In addition, the fiber insulation does not need to be dimensionally stable as it is fixed for all time. Rigid foam boards can easily undergo post-shrinkage - they do not need to be stored in the room climate before processing in order to avoid plaster damage and do not need to be 100% square as they do not need to be joined together to form a homogeneous panel as with a thermal skin. The insulation materials in the S-brick cannot be dislodged by wind suction, water and cold cannot penetrate behind them or be mechanically damaged, as they are protected by the wall parts of the S-brick. The insulation materials also do not need to be hydrophobic as in double-shell external walls, as the external plaster provides moisture protection and water cannot penetrate through it. The S-brick according to the invention does not pose a risk in the event of a fire, as vertical fire spread is prevented by the horizontal wall parts of the S-brick. In the previously known designs, the fire spreads through the insulation panels when the windows are open or broken and ignites fires in apartments higher up. The S-brick according to the invention can be doweled excellently on both sides, as no insulation can reduce the dowel load-bearing capacity.

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reduced or eliminated as with a thermal skin or internal insulation.

An external wall made from the S-bricks according to the invention has the following advantages: Plastering is possible in the same way as with conventional single-leaf walls, since the plaster base consists of a homogeneous brick material and not of insulation material with different absorption, shrinkage behavior and thermal expansion coefficients. The wall has good diffusion capacity because the brick and the insulation material are permeable. Vapor barriers or the like are not required. No adhesives are required to fix the insulation in place, as with a conventional thermal skin or a conventional thermal insulation composite system in which the insulation is glued to the outside, whereby the adhesive shows poor diffusion, or is attached using dowels, which in turn form thermal bridges and accumulate condensation, which creates the risk of algae formation. The S-bricks according to the invention are therefore highly recommended from an ecological point of view.

The S-brick according to the invention can also be installed as a vertically perforated brick under certain circumstances. 25

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which an embodiment is shown.

It shows

Fig. 1 shows a long-hole brick designed according to the invention in a section transverse to the long holes and
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Fig. 2 shows a cross-section through a wall constructed with the slotted bricks designed according to the invention.

Identical components in the figures of the drawing are provided with the same reference symbols.

Fig. 1 shows a long-hole brick 2 in the shape of a lying "S" (shown in mirror image) - hereinafter referred to as S-brick - with rectangular S-curves 3, 5, so that the S-brick has three vertical, parallel, straight, spaced-apart plate-shaped wall parts 4, 6, 8 with respect to the bearing surface, namely a central plate-shaped wall part 6 and two lateral plate-shaped wall parts 4 and 8, which are the same distance from the central wall part, and two horizontal plate-shaped wall parts 10 and 12. Depending on the position of the S-brick (see Fig. 2), one horizontal plate-shaped wall part 10 is located at the top or bottom and is connected to one end 14 of the middle wall part 6 and to one end 16 of one side wall part 4, and the other horizontal wall part 12 is located at the bottom or top and is connected to the other end 18 of the middle wall part 6 and to one end 20 of the other side wall part 8, so that the cross section of the S-brick has the shape of a lying, normal "S" (S-brick 2' in Fig. 2) or a mirror-inverted "S" (S-brick 2 in Fig. 2). Two gaps 22, 24 are formed between the vertical and horizontal wall parts. The vertical and horizontal wall parts are provided with elongated holes 26 running parallel to the bearing surface.

Fig. 2 shows a wall cross-section through a wall 28 made of S-bricks 2,2' according to the invention, which are laid one above the other in succession, so that the spaces 22, 24 between adjacent S-bricks 2,2' form

Cavities 30 are added and a mortar joint pattern is created in which the mortar joints 32 do not continue horizontally but are interrupted by the cavities 30 enclosed by the wall parts 4-12 of successive S-bricks, whereby the disadvantageous thermal bridges normally formed by the mortar joints are interrupted, wherein, as shown, insulating panels 34 are preferably inserted into the cavities 30.

In practice, the masonry 28 including insulation panels 34 is manufactured as follows:

The insulation panels 34 are placed in the gaps 22, 24 or cavities 30 between the wall sections 4-12. The S-bricks 2, 2' are then placed one after the other with their gaps 22, 24 alternately on the insulation panels 34, see Fig. 2, so that the cavities 30 formed by adjacent S-bricks are filled with insulation. This creates the joint pattern already mentioned without horizontal mortar joints. The insulation panels fix the S-bricks so that a vertical masonry is created practically automatically.

The insulating materials 34 can also be flush with the bearing surface of the S-brick or protrude slightly above the bearing surface, as shown in Fig. 1. This has the advantage that the insulating materials can already be installed in the factory. Fig. 1 shows the flush arrangement for the gap 22 and the protruding arrangement for the gap 24.

Claims (3)

1. Long-hole brick with holes arranged parallel to the bearing surface, characterized in that the long-hole brick ( 2 ) has the shape of a horizontal "S" with rectangular S-arches ( 3 , 5 ) in cross-section transverse to the holes. 2. Long-hole brick according to claim 1, characterized in that thermal insulation materials ( 34 ) are arranged in the spaces ( 22 , 24 ) enclosed by the S-curves ( 3 , 5 ). 3. Long-hole brick according to claim 2, characterized in that the thermal insulation material ( 34 ) is flush with the bearing surface of the long-hole brick or projects beyond this bearing surface.