DE19956164A1 - Pellets used in e.g. automobile component manufacture to make pressure injection moldings, are formed by passing untreated natural fibers, polyolefins and additives through pre-granulator and conventional granulator - Google Patents

Abstract

The granules with binder, contain plant fibers and additives. An Independent claim is included for the machine making the granules. A pre-granulator (216) is followed by a final granulator (211). Preferred Features: The additives include bonding agents and/or fire retardants and/or filler and/or coloring an/or antibiotic agents. Thermoplastic materials and/or polymers are contained. Mixed vegetable fibers are included, e.g. jute, flax and sisal. They are in the fibril state. There are 92%-98% plant fibers and 2%-8% additives. Alternatively 1%-8% of thermoplastic, 2%-8% additives and 12%-97% plant fibers are specified. The filler is titanium dioxide, metals and their alloys. In the equipment, the pre-granulator (216) comprises a flat matrix press with mixing chamber (215) above. Water nozzles (204, 205) and feed ducts (201-203) project into the mixing chamber. An impact baffle (206) in the chamber is fastened above an edge mill assembly (208). Below the perforated matrix (209) there is a scraper (210) and pre-granulator outlet. There is a further mixing chamber between pre- and final-granulators. The edge mill surface has a saw tooth profile.

Description

The invention relates to a granulate and a method and a device for its manufacture according to the Preambles of claims 1, 11 and 21.

It is known that in automotive manufacturing for manufacturing of interior lining parts reinforced fiber composite fabrics are used. The use of vegetable natural fibers to reinforce Plastics instead of conventional glass fibers inexpensive and environmentally friendly alternative.

As suitable natural fibers for reinforcing So far, plastics and biopolymers are known in particular bast, hard and leaf fibers such. B. Flax, hemp, jute, sisal, ramie, yucca, wood, Curano fibers and fibers of the banana tree. Indeed need different fiber pulping treatments be made as the mechanical preparation of the fibers in the swing arm, where the fibers of wood and Cockroaches are freed or pretreatment of the Fibers in the enamel so that they can be used for mixing Further processing are suitable. It is known this  Natural fibers in the form of fleeces in the plastic to incorporate, the starting material for the Composite made of two different types of fibers, the serving as a matrix polypropylene fiber and Reinforcing fiber, e.g. B. flax fiber in the form of pressed bales, tapes or rovings becomes.

It is also known in processing methods of Plastic technology Fiber granules made of plastic to make them with either the textile Mats made of natural fibers in an adhesive connection bring (DE 44 12 636) or together with them in the extruder the non-granulated natural fiber components in the form from rovings or tapes to composite materials to process.

When using extruders for plasticizing the plastic fibers generally have the disadvantage that this additional process step of extrusion such high investment and energy costs require that the products manufactured in this way no longer are economical to use. You also need to Plasticizing the fibers used additional temperature load at least in the amount of Melting point of the existing plastic part exposed, which in turn increases Odor pollution and lower strength values leads. In addition, the fibers used on a Fiber length with a large length that cannot be directly influenced Scattering in the extruder can be reduced, which is the case with Spraying parts with different wall thicknesses leads to significant segregation of the fiber content. There some types of fiber in the dry state for breaking tend to be the use of natural fibers in  Large-scale productions in the well-known feed types like Very rovings, tapes and piles in the extruders limited. Another disadvantage of the extruder in the Processing the natural fibers is that the Fiber components in the screw in the event of faults in the Feeding area can no longer be compensated, which is procedural due to the first in / first out print zip of the extruder.

The invention is therefore based on the object To offer granules based on renewable raw materials, that is suitable as an injection molding material and that through the introduction of additives regarding his mechanical and other physical properties can be varied within wide limits.

Furthermore, the invention is based on the object To create methods and an apparatus with which the production of the granules is possible without the plant parts used are pretreated have to.

The problem is solved with the features of Claims 1, 11 and 21.

Advantageous further training are in the Unteran sayings.

Thus, according to claim 2, granules are possible which various additives such as adhesion promoters, Flame retardants, other fillers, dyes and contain antibiotic agents that after the inventive methods are incorporated can.  

The further training according to claim 3 to claim 5 enables the addition of thermoplastic materials, polypropylene and polyethylene in particular can be used advantageously. The Thermoplastic fabrics can also be recycled Plastic contained in large proportions in the granulate his.

The embodiment according to claim 6 gives one Granules composition by the use different plant fiber mixtures is drawing. The advantage is another Possibility of influencing the physical Properties of the granules according to the invention such as for example the specific weight and the Thermal insulation.

According to the development according to claim 7 are suitable especially flax, hemp, sisal, jute and Wood fibers.

Particular advantageous mechanical properties reached if by appropriate management of the inventive method the plant fibers in be brought into a fibrillar state, as in the Embodiment of claim 8 shown.

Surprisingly, according to the advanced training of Claim 9 also shown that the invention Granules can contain up to 98% plant fibers whereby the binding of the plant fibers to each other via the additives contained can be reached. The means that here particularly light granules are achievable.  

In the embodiment according to claim 10 Granular composition based on plant fibers using thermoplastic materials specified.

A major advantage of the invention The method is in further training according to claim 12 specified at which the used as plant parts Starting mixtures do not have to be pretreated, but immediately in not - or also in rough comminuted form are subjected to the process can.

According to the embodiment of claim 13 can known additives such as dyes, adhesives, Flame retardants, fillers and antibiotic agents are added so that the granules obtained immediately, for example in an injection molding procedures can be used. This creates the finished ones without further post-processing Products.

The choice of the granulation parameters according to the Embodiment of claim 14 enables in Interacting with a water addition an advantageous Shredding of the plant parts down to one fibrillar size. Here it makes sense, according to the Further development of claim 15 the granulation to carry out in two stages, whereby between the first and the second granulation stage, if necessary, further Additives are advantageously added can.

A pressing pressure is generated according to the invention advantageously by the configurations according to the  Claims 16 to 18 in connection with the training the press channels of the dies according to claim 30.

The method according to the invention allows it to be advantageous by the design according to claim 19 the addition of thermoplastic materials in both the first pelletizing stage as well as before the second Make pelletizing possible.

The size of the pressure can be according to the design of claim 20 by changes in distance between the matrices rotating against each other or between Matrix and Koller are regulated.

A particular advantage of this process is that that in connection with the device according to claim 21 all natural fibers and their mixtures are used can. By using a pre and a End pelletizers are u. a. no special fiber apply digestion methods, whereby all known Natural fibers are available for processing.

With further training according to the characteristics of Claims 22 are in conjunction with claims 23, 24 and 30 pre-granules can be produced cost-effectively a high proportion of vegetable fiber materials identify.

A particularly clean granulate that for Suitable for further processing in the injection molding machine is obtained through the particularly advantageous Training of the final pelletizer according to the claims 25 and 28.  

Additions regarding the minimum distance and the Die diameter and clearing devices are set out in claims 26, 27 and 29.

With the according to the inventive method and the Granules produced according to the invention can e.g. B. Composites are produced have a low weight and meet the requirements regarding the mechanical properties Tensile strength, flexural strength, fracture and Fulfill susceptibility to cracking and also very environmentally friendly because they are recyclable. Such Products can be used to e.g. B. the complete interior, including headlining, Door trim, side panels inside and outside, Seat components, instrument panels and columns, etc. of a vehicle made entirely of natural fibers to manufacture.

Further advantages of this invention lie in simple processing of the plant material as well as the possibility of using all varieties of Plant material and their mixtures and the Saving of essential procedural steps conventional technology, with the same and improved use of the granules. By the method according to the invention can be used Fibers, regardless of whether they are long fibers or Short fibers or directly straw, largely used untreated. It also does not apply plasticizing the fibers using Extruder technology. The manufactured highly concentrated Granules can be mixed with other ingredients, e.g. B. Plastics are mixed in by injection molding Products are processed.

The invention is based on Embodiments are explained in more detail.

Show it

Fig. 1 is a combination of pre- and Endgranulierer in schematic sectional representation,

Fig. 2 shows the pressure distribution at different Koller profiles,

Fig. 3 shows a design of the press channels

• a) with compressible starting material
• b) with highly compressible starting material
• c) in the case of highly concentrated fiber granules,

Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of the Endgranulierers with interlocking running matrices

Fig. 5 is a detailed view of the mutually continuous matrices with drive,

Fig. 6 is a sectional view of the interfitting running matrices with drive,

Fig. 7 shows a construction of the Endgranulierers with interlocking running matrices

Fig. 8 is a detailed view of the mutually rolling dies having openings and pressure channels,

Fig. 9 shows a construction of the Endgranulierers with running side by side matrices

Fig. 10 is a sectional view of the contra-rotating dies,

Fig. 11 is a schematic representation of the end pelletizer with opposing dies and

Fig. 12 is a detailed view of the matrices running against each other with openings and press channels.

The device of the invention according to Fig. 1 consists of a Vorgranuliereinheit 216 and a Endgranulierer 211th The pre-granulation unit 216 has feeders 201 , 202 and 203 via which the starting material to be processed, in particular pourable material, is fed to a mixing chamber 215 . All soft starting materials, such as the plant part mixtures, and also individual types of plant fibers, film granules made from recycled materials, are fed into the mixing space via the feed 203 . The feeders 201 and 202 are provided to the hard starting materials such as dyes, coupling agents or fillers, for. B. titanium dioxide or all metals and their alloys. Along the circumference of Vorgranuliereinheit 216 High-pressure nozzles 204 and 205 arranged so that they protrude into the mixing chamber 215 and there or water vapor entry allow water entry. The water entered can contain various additives, such as anti-mold agents, odors and bacterial infections or flame retardants. For design reasons, the high-pressure nozzle 205 is designed as an angle nozzle.

The introduced starting materials meet a baffle plate 206 which is shaped as a pointed cone. The resulting swirling mixes the feed materials better. Below the baffle plate 206, a known flat die is arranged, which consists of a matrix of holes and a 209 to its scrollable Koller 208 which is secured with a lock nut 207th The material in the mixing chamber 215 is pressed here by means of the roller 208 through press channels 217 of the die matrix 209 . In this case, both the press channels 217 and the surface of the roller 208 have an inventive design. A sawtooth profile is applied to the surface of the roller 208 . The higher the proportion of plant fiber in the starting material, the steeper and deeper the flanks of the sawtooth profile are. This sawtooth profile causes the material to be subjected to even greater shear stress due to high shear, and is therefore more intensively mixed and crushed. Fig. 2 shows the pressure build-up and the pressure distribution of a sawtooth profiling in comparison to the known symmetrical profilings . This clearly shows that a lower pressure builds up if the profiling is symmetrical and weak ( Fig. 2, pressure curve 1 a). The pressure is increased with more pronounced symmetrical profiling (Fig. 2, pressure profile 2 a), and is highest in the sawtooth profile (Fig. 2, pressure curve 3 a).

The Koller 208 rolls on the die die 209 , which is equipped with the press channels 217 , the number and diameter of which significantly determine the specific design of the granules according to the invention. The geometric shape of the pressing channels 217 also has an influence on the heat development and thus on the temperature and on the density of the granules to be produced.

In Fig. 3a, b and c show various inventive geometrical configurations of the pressing channels 217 are shown.

A reproducible good quality with different starting materials is achieved in that the pressing channels 217, in addition to their expansion on the input side, also have relief slots 218 on the output side. According to the invention, these relief slots 218 have regular and symmetrical shapes, as can be seen in FIGS . 3a, b or c. In order to introduce the relief slots 218 , the pressure channel 217 is crimped on the output side by means of a stamp made of tool steel. The longer relief slots 218 according to FIG. 3 c are used in the case of larger proportions of vegetable fibers in the starting material.

A clearing device 210 for stripping off the granules that have passed is arranged below the die matrix 209 and can be adjusted to the position of the roller 208 . This granulate can now be removed for further processing. However, if the proportion of the plant constituents in the starting mixture is more than 60%, the quality of the granules produced with the pre-granulator 216 can be significantly improved by a downstream end granulator 211 . The pre-granules are therefore transferred immediately or after further mixing, if necessary, in a mixing chamber (not shown separately) with other additives via a pre-granulate outlet 213 into the final granulator 211 .

According to Fig. 1 of the Endgranulierers 211 includes an arrangement of contra-rotating cylindrical dies 1 and 2, as also shown in Fig. 9, 10, 11 and 12, which are arranged on a machine table 15 side by side. The die 1 is rotated by a drive 6 , the movement of which is transmitted via a belt 7 , a belt wheel 8 to a receiving part 4 , which lies in a ball bearing 3 and in turn holds the die 1 . The belt 7 , which is protected with a corresponding covering 9, can be tensioned with a motor mount 25 . The second subordinate die 2 is arranged radially displaceably on a dovetail guide 28 . The die 2 can be moved in the direction of the die 1 with a hydraulic adjusting and pressure cylinder 10 , which is attached to a height-adjustable support bracket 13 via a joint 12 . This movement is limited by a stop 23 . When the two dies 1 and 2 approach sufficiently, the die 2 is also rotated by the die 1 via a hard rubber surface 11 arranged on the end face. With the adjustable clearing combs 17 arranged inside the dies 1 and 2 , the material pressed through is separated off and conveyed by broaching augers 19 into a granulate discharge housing 16 by means of the electric drive 18 . This is mounted with an inner die cover housing 24 on a fixed shaft 27 , with a counter-holder 26 being arranged at the other end. The matrices 1 and 2 are covered by the housing 22 , on which hinged covers are attached by means of hinges. The granulate inlet housing 21 is arranged on the housing 22 . The directions of rotation of dies 1 and 2 are marked with arrows. If the die 2 is in a raised position, removed from the die 1 , it assumes a position 20 . A hydraulic unit 14 for controlling the lateral movement of the die 2 is arranged in the machine table 15 .

FIGS. 4, 5, 6 and 7 show a further embodiment of the Endgranulierers 211, as described below in which, being arranged according to the invention inein other continuous annular dies. The centerpiece of the final granulator 211 are the cylindrical ring matrices 101 and 102 ( FIG. 8) arranged one inside the other, the throughput quantities of the starting material being able to be influenced via the width of the ring matrices 101 and 102 . An outer larger driven ring die 101 is mounted with its receiving part 4 in a ball bearing 3 and is driven electrically or hydraulically by a drive 6 by a high-performance belt 107 or a high-performance belt wheel 108 . In the interior of the outer ring die 101 , the small inner ring die 102 is rotatably arranged on a swivel bar 111 , the directions of rotation of the ring die 101 and 102 being indicated by arrows. The selected diameter of the smaller ring die 102 depends on the fiber content of the material to be granulated or of the pre-granulate. The diameter ratio of the ring matrices 101 and 102 determines the pressure range. With a large ring die 101 and a small ring die 102 , for example, a small pressure area with high pressure is generated. In principle, the diameter of the smaller ring die 102 can be one third to two thirds of the diameter of the large ring die 101 . The diameter size can be adapted according to the invention without great effort and is necessary in order to be able to produce granules with different fiber contents and additives. The swivel beam 111 of the ring die 102 is fastened at the rear end with a joint 112 to an element 113 which, depending on the state of wear or wear of the ring die 102, serves to gradate the height and align it with the center of the joint. With a hydraulic adjusting and pressure cylinder 10 , the contact pressure of the inner ring die 102 is generated or this ring die 102 is brought into the waiting or assembly position. The movability of the swivel beam 111 is limited by a fixed stop 23 which secures the minimum gap between the ring matrices 101 and 102 and prevents the metal matrices 101 and 102 from rubbing against one another. In the event of an overload or solid bodies in the pre-granulate, the ring die 102 can spring back due to the hydraulics and would then take the position 120 and thus protect the system from destruction. To detach the granules, an adjustable and adjustable clearing comb 17 is attached below the outer ring die 101 , while the granules emerging inside the ring die 102 are conveyed into the granulate outlet housing 16 by means of the auger 19 moved by the electric drive 118 . The filling material, e.g. B. the pre-granulate, passes through the granulate inlet housing 21 with housing hinge 122 into the area above the ring die 102 . The circumferential outer ring die 101 and its drive device are protected by a housing cover 9 , the front covers of which are designed to be pivotable.

The method according to the invention is to be explained in more detail below:
Flax straw, jute straw, hemp straw as well as flax, jute, hemp and sisal fibers, other parts of plants and their mixtures are used as raw materials. These plant parts are cut, corrugated and dried for harvesting, as well as processed into a bale shape. It is also conceivable to use fine, medium and coarse structured shives as well as rovings or tapes made from mixtures of the fiber types mentioned. If the straw is stored dry and well ventilated, it can easily be stored for a good 3 years.

In one embodiment, the base material A flywheel or row of plants pressed into bales, used. There is a residual bar content up to maximum 10 percent by weight possible. This Impurities do not interfere, but act like Fillers. Small stones that are traditional Technology would destroy the extruder not this procedure.

The plant parts are then fed to a known bale opener. When using different fibers, e.g. B. flax, sisal, jute, these are each processed in a so-called bale opener, so that the fiber mixture can be created by weighing according to certain proportions by weight. All conditions are possible and are only determined by the following areas of application. Although the plant parts can generally be re-used depending on the application, the components are usually shortened to a maximum length of 50 mm using two cutting machines or alternatively with an opening roller to the desired fiber length of maximum 50 mm. In the further process, the starting material is passed over the heavy parts separator and metal separator in order to remove large impurities. In the multi-mixer, vigorous mixing of the plant components supplied takes place over several stages. A mixture of e.g. B. 30% flax, 30% sisal and 32% jute fibers will now be pneumatically fed to a Vorgranuliereinheit 216 to the fiber mixture to 5 mm diameter at a pressure ratio which is formed from the ratio of the length of the compression channels 217 to the diameter of the pressing channels 217 of 1: 6, pre-granulate at 120 ° C to 130 ° C. At the same time, the fiber mixture is sprayed with a water mist, which contains agents to prevent the formation of odors or mold and against bacterial attack. It is also possible, depending on the type of granules to be used, to add thermoplastic materials such as polypropylene in order to obtain granules for a wide variety of applications. Thermoplastic materials can be added in powder form, as well as in fiber or granulate form. Advantageously, a portion of natural fibers can also be replaced by refurbished recycling material, e.g. B. was obtained from the recycling of used composites.

The pre-granulation works according to the known principle of press agglomeration, so that the pre-comminuted mixture is applied to the perforated die 209 provided with press channels 217 and the fiber material is pressed through the press channels 217 of the perforated die 209 by rolling over the roller 208 . Depending on a special supply of the mixture to the die matrix 209 and the design of the press channels 217 , the granulation process stabilizes after 15 minutes and a dry granulate which can be easily metered is formed. The pre-granules pressed through the press channels 217 of the die matrix 209 are gravimetrically mixed in a further mixing chamber with a color masterbatch and continuously dispensed into the final granulator 211 in a metered manner. It is essential to the invention that, depending on the diameter, the shape and length of the press channels 217 on the die matrix 209 in the pre-granulating unit 216 or the final granulator 211 different granules are obtained. The press ratio is 1: 8 for a diameter of the press channels 217 of 4 mm and 1:10 for a diameter of 3 mm in the case of 92% pre-granulate and 8% color masterbatch. The throughput is increased by profiling the surface of the roller 208 and the number of press channels 217 on the punch die 209 . The selection of the ratio of the closed area to the open area on the perforated die 209 and the regulation of the gap width between the surface of the roller 208 and the perforated die 209 make it possible to process a wide variety of fiber mixtures.

Granules leaving the final granulator 211 are filled, cooled, welded airtight and then handed over to the user. It can now e.g. B. be fed directly to the spraying machine via a gravimetric metering device in the desired ratio with a pure plastic granulate.

In a further exemplary embodiment, the straw cut to 3 to 5 mm in the pre-granulation unit 216 is injected with water spray with dissolved additives against mold formation, against bacterial attack and odor formation at a press ratio of 1: 6 at 120 ° C. to 130 ° C. as described pre-granulated, the pre-granulated material having a pellet diameter of 6 mm. 35 percent by weight of the pre-granules are then mixed with 35 percent by weight of a first plastic granulate and 30 percent by weight of a second plastic granulate. The thickness of the matrices 1 and 2 of the end granulator 211 is 30 mm in the area of the press channels 217 , the diameter of the matrices 1 and 2 is 440 mm and is provided with press channels 217 of 3 mm diameter, relief notches 218 being designed on the press channels 217 and a press ratio of 1: 8 must be maintained.

Reference list

1

die

2nd

die

3rd

Ball bearing

4th

Recording part

5

6

Drive, electric or hydraulic

7

belt

8th

Pulley

9

Housing cladding

10th

Hydraulic adjustment and pressure cylinder

11

Hard rubber surface

12th

joint

13

Height-adjustable trestle

14

Hydraulic unit

15

Machine table

16

Granulate outlet housing

17th

Clearing comb

18th

Electric drive

19th

Clearing auger

20th

position

21

Granulate inlet housing

22

casing

23

Fixed stop

24th

Inner die cover housing

25th

Engine mount

26

Counterhold

27

Fixed wave

28

Dovetail guide

101

Ring die

102

Ring die

103

104

105

106

107

High performance belt

108

Heavy duty pulley

109

110

111

Swivel beam

112

113

Element for gradation

114

115

116

117

118

Electric drive for auger

119

120

Position of the die

1

in the raised position

121

122

Housing hinge

201

Feed

202

Feed

203

Feed

204

High pressure nozzles

205

High pressure nozzles

206

Baffle

207

Lock nut

208

Rage

209

Punch matrix

210

Clearing device

211

Final pelletizer

212

213

Pre-granulate outlet

214

215

Mixing room

216

Pre-pelletizing unit

217

Baling channel

218

Relief slots

Claims (31)

1. Granules consisting of fibers and (binders), characterized in that the granules contain plant fibers and additives. 2. granules according to claim 1, characterized in that as additives adhesion promoters and / or Flame retardants and / or fillers and / or Contain dyes and / or antibiotic agents are. 3. granules according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that thermoplastic materials are included. 4. Granules according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that thermoplastic polymers are included. 5. Granules according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that Polypropylene and / or polyethylene are included.   6. Granules according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that Plant fiber mixtures of different plants are included. 7. Granules according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that Flax, sisal and / or jute fibers are included. 8. Granules according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that contain the plant fibers in the fibrillar state are. 9. Granules according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that 92 to 98% vegetable fibers and 2 to 8% additives are included. 10. Granules according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that
1 to 80% thermoplastic materials,
2 to 8% additives
and 12 to 97% vegetable fibers
are included. 11. A process for the production of granules from plant parts by press agglomeration, characterized in that
Plant parts and additives are mixed in the presence of water and elevated temperature in seconds
and pressed under pressure through a perforated die and then crushed the mass pressed through the perforated die. 12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the plant parts in not pretreated, not shredded and / or shredded form be used. 13. The method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that Additives such as dyes, adhesives, flame protective agents, fillers and / or antibiotic Agents are added. 14. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that granulation at a process pressure of 15 to 200 bar and at a temperature between 0 and 150 ° C is carried out. 15. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that
the granulation is carried out in two stages, the first stage being pregranulation in the presence of steam and, if appropriate, additives,
and then a pre-granulate is fed to a mixer, optionally further additives are added, and the mixture is then subjected to final granulation. 16. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that the pressing pressure by rolling a roller the matrix surface is generated. 17. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that the pressure by moving against each other at least two matrices are generated. 18. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that the pressure by means of an extruder screw is produced. 19. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 18, characterized in that in the first stage and / or before the second stage thermoplastic materials such as polypropylene and / or Polyethylene can be added. 20. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 19, characterized in that  the pressure by changing the distance between the matrices moving against each other becomes. 21. Device for producing granules from plant parts, consisting of a pre-granulation unit ( 216 ) and a downstream end granulation unit ( 211 ). 22. The apparatus according to claim 21, characterized in that the pre-granulation unit ( 216 ) consists of a flat die press known per se and from a mixing space ( 215 ) arranged above, water outlet nozzles ( 204 , 205 ) and feeds ( 201 , 202 , 203 ) in projecting the mixing chamber (215), means disposed in the mixing chamber (215) baffle plate (206) is mounted above a Koller (208) and an unloader (10) and a Vorgranulatauslauf (13) are arranged below a matrix of holes (209). 23. The apparatus according to claim 21, characterized in that a further mixing chamber is arranged between the pre-granulating unit ( 216 ) and the final granulator ( 211 ). 24. The device according to claim 21 to 23, characterized in that the surface of the pan ( 8 ) is designed as a sawtooth profile. 25. The device according to claim 21, characterized in that the end pelletizer ( 211 ) consists of a ring die press known per se, and instead of the inner-running mill, a cylindrical ring die ( 102 ) within an outer cylindrical ring die ( 101 ) is rotatably arranged so that the inner ring die ( 102 ) presses against the outer ring die ( 101 ). 26. The apparatus of claim 21 and 25, characterized in that the diameter of the ring die ( 102 ) is one third to two thirds of the diameter of the ring die ( 101 ). 27. The apparatus of claim 21, 25 and 26, characterized in that below the ring die ( 101 ) an adjustable and adjustable clearing comb ( 17 ) and in the interior of the die ( 102 ), a clearing screw ( 19 ) are arranged. 28. The apparatus according to claim 21, characterized in that the end granulator ( 211 ) contains two counter-rotating cylindrical dies ( 1 ) and ( 2 ), the die ( 1 ) being connected to a drive ( 6 ) and the movable die ( 2 ) is arranged at a minimum distance from the die ( 1 ). 29. The device according to claim 21, 24 to 28, characterized in that a minimum distance between the die ( 1 , 101 ) and die ( 2 , 102 ) is adjustable by a fixed stop ( 23 ). 30. The device according to claim 21 to 29, characterized in that the perforated die ( 9 ) and / or the ring dies ( 101 , 102 ) and / or the dies ( 1 , 2 ) are provided with press channels ( 217 ), the input side of the Press channels ( 217 ) widenings and / or regular, symmetrically shaped relief slots ( 218 ) are provided on the output side. 31. The device according to claim 21, characterized in that the device consists only of the pre-granulation unit ( 16 ).