DE19939754C1 - Rail vehicle wheel tire comprizes outer and inner tires plus track guidance module using inner tire steel of superior fracture toughness and lower carbon. - Google Patents

Abstract

The steel tire consists of a loadbearing compound system and a flanged guidance module (3) and the compound system itself composed of outer tire (1) and inner tire (2) which in turn is made of steel in contrast to the outer tire and has a lower brittle fracture resistance but significantly higher notch impact bending strength at test temperature 20 deg C. The inner tire has a significantly higher fracture toughness transition Kic as a function of temperature and much lower C content. Integral or multiple rings or single elements (4) provide a spring effect between tires (2) and module (3) and an elastic interlayer (5) between outer and inner tires (1,2), module (3) and rings (4) at their interfaces are made of synthetic or rubber material. The outer tire (1) uses its tracking flanks to transfer the track guidance forces directly to the tracking module (3) via tire (1) and the interlayers (5). The module forms part of the wheel body (8) or is joined to this by screw or shrink join.

Description

The invention relates to an elastically sprung, multi-part rail wheel with a Separation of support and tracking function.

Elastic suspension rail wheels improve the acoustic behavior of wheels / wheel sets track-guided vehicles (reduction of vibrations).

At the same time, the pressure peaks caused by the oscillations in the tread area degraded, the dynamic reactions of the vehicle are reduced and lead to wear reduction - both on the rail wheels and on the rails of the track material. The reduction of running noise as a result of this active noise protection measure directly in the The direct area of the wheel-rail contact is known to lead to a considerable amount Improved driving comfort and significant reductions in environmental pollution through noise emissions.

A disadvantage of the elastically sprung rail wheels used is the risk of derailment in the event of sudden unstable crack development and breakage of the wheel tire.

Ensure design and recurring inspections that meet the requirements the functional and operational safety of the wheel tire designs used. However, the design and recurring inspections that meet the demands cannot be met record singular events and damage during operation that occur between two inspections lead to sudden crack development and breakage of the one-piece wheel tire (e.g. foreign bodies, which, with a correspondingly large notch effect, lead to sudden Initiation of cracks and rapid crack development; e.g. B. by external forces targeted stops on the wheel-rail system).

Micro-notches not recognized during recurring inspections, cracks in the microscopic Area and other previous damage for crack initiation (e.g. inhomogeneities, singular Impurities in the structure or in the crystal lattice, processing notches and. a.) can be used in operation lead to critical crack development and breakage of the wheel tire modules.

The inner sides (inner surfaces) are particularly critical with rubber-sprung wheel tires. As a result of the rollovers, they experience tensile stresses with regard to crack formation and cracking development can become particularly critical. (Knothe, K. and Böhmer, A .: Eschede - Comments on the fatigue strength of railway wheel sets. International Transport (50) 11/1998 pp. 542-546).

It is known that these tensile stress peaks become more severe in the area of the inner surfaces of rubber-sprung wheel tire constructions when there are wheel roundness (wheel polygonalization - real practice in the wheel-rail system). The hard superstructure in the "solid roadways" used today in high-speed traffic leads to a further tightening of this load pattern. (Knothe, K. and Böhmer, A .: Eschede - Comments on the fatigue strength of railway wheel sets. International traffic system (50) 11/1998 pp. 542-546).
(Madeyski v., T .: Interaction of vehicle / track and measures to reduce stresses. ZEV + DET Glas. Ann. (122) 9/10 1998 pp. 613-619).

Crack initiation and crack development may therefore start from an immediate observation inaccessible inside of the tire and lead to crack growth from the inside out (Results of the investigations of the rubber used in the ICE rail accident in Eschede spring-loaded wheel tire construction). The aim is to avoid these known residual risks when using elastically sprung rail wheels completely mastered.

From DE 24 28 078 B2 is a rail wheel with a bearing ring mounted on rubber bodies and separately arranged and rigidly connected to the wheel body flange. The on One-piece race bearing on rubber bodies has the task of stabilizing the sinus run. Burglary of the one-piece race used here leads to the immediate loss of the bearing function and thus loss of running safety and system security (immediate risk of derailment).

DE 41 25 885 A1 describes a railway wheel in which a hard tire is used in the wheel rubber layer is integrated. A break in the one-piece wheel tire leads to an immediate result with this solution Loss of guidance and support function.

From EP 0 733 493 A2 a rubber-sprung multi-part rail wheel is known, in which the Advantage of weight reduction through the use of non-ferrous materials and composite materials for the wheel center, clamping ring and also the inner ring of the wheel tire becomes. A breakage of the outside wheel tire of the wheel tire construction (supporting function and Tracking function were not separated) leads to the immediate loss of support and  in particular the tracking function and thus system security.

Another solution to the lightweight construction is announced in DE 196 28 792 C1. The wheel center is made of aluminum to reduce weight, the wheel tire is made of one material combined with an outer wear-resistant steel bandage and an inner, lighter aluminum minium ring. After the steel bandage has worn out, the compound tire is easy to change. The Ver Bund tires can also be made with rubber springs. As with EP 0 733 493 A2, a break results the wear bandage on the outside or the entire compound tire (support function and Tracking function were not separated) for the immediate loss of support and in particular the tracking function and thus system security.

The one-piece wheel tire constructions announced according to DE 37 13 270 C2 also perform in the event of breakage of the wheel tire mounted on rubber bodies for direct loss of guidance and the supporting function.

In the solutions provided in DE-PS 754 553 for wear-resistant, interchangeable pads Rotating bodies (including rail and crane wheels) are conventional (not rubber elastic suspension) wheel constructions. Various alternatives for fastening are presented and changing the wear-resistant pads.

The solutions described in DE 29 40 424 A1 have the aim of using materials and constructive changes to the treads to change the coefficient of friction wheel-rail (improvement of sliding and sliding behavior) as well as wear and unsprung masses to reduce.

The known technical solutions pursue objectives such as sinus stabilization, Reduction of unsprung masses and reduction of wear parameters. A break in the known elastic wheel tire constructions leads to immediate loss functionality and system security, usually to the loss of the load-bearing function the wheel system and / or the guidance of the wheel system and thus the entire wheel set and subsequently for derailing the vehicle and possibly the train.

Technical solutions that ensure further safety if the spring-loaded wheel tire breaks Absorption of the vertical and horizontal forces of the wheel resulting from the operating loads or the wheelset until the vehicle / train stops in a controlled manner are not known.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide an elastically sprung, multi-part rail wheel, which in every situation ensures the uninterrupted transmission of the wheel forces at the interface Wheel-rail and thus system security, d. H. Bearing function and tracking function, even if the outer wheel tire module that is in direct contact with the rail breaks the wheel tire until the vehicle / train stops in a controlled manner.

The object is achieved with the features of the main claim. The features of the subclaims characterize further advantageous configurations of the invention.

The rail wheel according to the invention essentially consists of a disk wheel body and a wheel tire construction of different steel types consisting of several parts. The wheel tire is composed of a support function module and a guidance module with a flange (wheel tire module 3 ), the support function module consisting of an outer wheel tire (wheel tire module 1 ) and an inner wheel tire (wheel tire module 2 ). The outer wheel tire, the inner wheel tire and the tracking module are usually made of forged or rolled steel.

Characteristic of the wheel tire construction is the multi-part structure made of steel grades with different, specifically positioned material parameters (carbon content and toughness properties) between the support function modules of outer wheel tires ( 1 ) and inner wheel tires ( 2 ) in connection with a separation of support function and tracking function.

The elastic mounting is only based on the composite system consisting of the outer wheel tire ( 1 ) and the inner wheel tire ( 2 ) and is carried out directly between the inner wheel tire ( 2 ) and the tracking module ( 3 ) or between the inner wheel tire ( 2 ) and the disc wheel body (in In this case, the tracking module is part of the disc wheel body).

There is also an elastic intermediate layer made of synthetic or natural materials between the adjacent lateral contact flanks of the modules ( 1 ); ( 2 ) and module ( 3 ) are provided. The arrangement of the one- or multi-part elastic rings, ring segments or individual elements made of synthetic or natural materials - z. B. rubber - takes place as is known from the prior art from patent specifications (EP 0 733 493 A2; DE 24 28 078 B2; DE 196 28 792 C1).

The advantage of the rail wheel according to the invention is the special multi-part and separate arrangement and positioning of the wheel tire modules defined in terms of material technology. It is characteristic of this solution that the elastically mounted wheel tire modules ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) form a load-bearing composite system and are made of steel grades with defined material properties that take into account the particular load profile of rubber-sprung wheel tires.

The inner wheel tire module ( 2 ) of this composite module consists of a steel grade with significantly higher toughness - and thus less brittle fracture tendency than the outer wheel tire module ( 1 ) - which reliably prevents critical cracking and breakage of the inner wheel tire ( 2 ) of the composite module.

The guidance component - wheel tire module ( 3 ) - on the other hand is not elastically supported, but z. B. connected via a shrink fit with the disc wheel body (or wheel tire module ( 3 ) is part of the disc wheel body).

The separate arrangement and targeted material positioning of the wheel tire module ( 2 ) in relation to the wheel tire module ( 1 ), in interaction with the wheel tire module ( 3 ), ensures both the carrying function and the guidance according to the invention in such a way that the sudden breakage of the wheel tire module ( 1 ), which is defined as more sensitive to brittle fracture, the joining plane (2) acts between the module (1) and module as specifically provided crack stop limit and the inner Radreifenmodul (2) and the tracking module (3) independently of the broken, that is missing outer Radreifenmodul (1) the further transmission of the operation according to the system forces between the wheel - rail ensure and thus reliably maintain the operational safety of the system until the controlled system stop.

A critical crack development with the result of a sudden rupture of the outer wheel tire module ( 1 ) which is in direct contact with the rail and which, according to the design, is more sensitive to brittle fracture due to the load pattern in the wheel-rail contact surface does not simultaneously lead to a loss of operational reliability of the system (derailment) since now the internal wheel tire module ( 2 ) continues to ensure the load-bearing function and, in interaction with the now directly effective flank flank of the tracking module ( 3 ), maintains the uninterrupted tracking and thus derailment security.

The affected vehicle and the vehicle association can thus maintain one safe carrying function and safe track control in a controlled manner and operationally be brought to a halt - emergency running property of the wheel system according to the invention.

Particularly in connection with wheel or wheel set monitoring systems that are effective during operation, derailments and resulting railway operating accidents can be reliably ruled out when using the multi-part wheel tire construction according to the invention - even in the event of failure of the dynamically highly loaded and more brittle fracture-sensitive outer wheel tire module ( 1 ) of the wheel tire construction.

The modular structure of the wheel tire construction allows maintenance the implementation of re-profiles of the multi-part wheel tire construction and on the other hand also a simple replacement of the wheel tire components when the specified ones are reached Wear limits.

The invention is explained by way of example with reference to FIG. 1.

The elastically sprung rail wheel according to FIG. 1 consists of a multi-part wheel tire construction. The load-bearing function modules of outer wheel tires 1 and inner wheel tires 2 consist of a joined composite system (e.g. shrink connection, e.g. adhesive connection).

Defined material properties of this load-bearing composite system are positioned specifically, this relates to the carbon content and the toughness properties of the used Steel grades (fracture toughness, impact strength and brittle fracture transition temperature, Elongation at break, constriction at break).

The tracking module 3 with flange is releasably connected to the disc wheel body 8 via a shrink connection. The elastic ring or rings, ring segments, individual elements 4 are prestressed between the inner wheel tire 2 and the tracking module 3 by means of a wedge-shaped clamping ring 6 , which is detachably connected to the tracking module 3 by fastening screws 7 distributed over the circumference.

The lateral dynamic coupling of outer wheel tire 1 and inner wheel tire 2 to the adjacent contact flank of the tracking module 3 takes place via an elastic intermediate layer 5 .

Reference list

1

outer wheel tire (support function module)

2nd

inner wheel tire (support function module)

3rd

Tracking module

4th

more elastic ring / rings, - ring segments, - individual elements (synthetic or natural materials)

5

elastic liner between

1

;

2nd

and

3rd

(synthetic or natural materials)

6

Tension and locking ring

7

Mounting screws

8th

Disc wheel body

9

Circlip

10th

wheel hub

11

Hydraulic connection

12th

Wheelset shaft

Claims (6)

1. Resiliently sprung, multi-part rail wheel with separation of support function and tracking function, characterized in that
that the wheel tire made of steel consists of several parts,
a composite system with supporting function and a guidance module ( 3 ) with a flange,
the composite system with supporting function is elastically supported (synthetic or natural materials) and is assembled from at least two components, an outer wheel tire ( 1 ) and an inner wheel tire ( 2 ), the inner wheel tire ( 2 ) compared to the outer wheel tire ( 1 ) consists of a steel grade with the material parameters defined below

• - Significantly lower brittle fracture transition temperature (impact test) and
• - significantly higher impact strength (impact test - test temperature 20 ° C) and
• - Significantly higher fracture toughness curve K _Ic depending on the temperature and
• - significantly lower carbon content,

that single or multi-part elastic rings, ring segments or individual elements ( 4 ) are positioned for elastic suspension between the inner wheel tire ( 2 ) and the tracking module ( 3 ) and
that between the adjacent contact surfaces of the outer wheel tire ( 1 ), inner wheel tire ( 2 ), the elastic rings ( 4 ) and the tracking module ( 3 ) an elastic intermediate layer ( 5 ) made of synthetic or natural materials, e.g. B. is made of rubber-elastic materials,
that the Outside tire (1) is designed with track edge and acting in operation tracking forces are transferred in this manner directly on the aüßeren tire (1) and the elastic intermediate layer (5) on the tracking module (3). 2. Elastic-sprung, multi-part rail wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer wheel tire ( 1 ) and / or inner wheel tire ( 2 ) is a wheel tire module. 3. Elastic, multi-part rail wheel according to claim 2, characterized in that compared to the outer wheel tire ( 1 ) one or more wheel tire modules are positioned on the inside and these inner wheel tire modules of the supporting function composite system are made of materials with elasticity modules (E-module) that differ from steel . 4. An elastically sprung, multi-part rail wheel according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the elastic intermediate layer ( 5 ) is at the same time designed as an elastic seal of the wheel tire system against environmental influences, 5. Elastic, multi-part rail wheel according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a tensioning and locking ring ( 6 ) the single or multi-part elastic rings, ring segments or individual elements ( 4 ) between the multi-part supporting composite system and tracking module ( 3 ) or the wheel disc clamped and the supporting composite system secures. 6. Elastic spring-loaded, multi-piece rail wheel according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the tracking module (3) is directly a component of the Scheibenradkörpers (8) or is joined by means of shrink fit and / or screw connection with the disc wheel (8).