DE102004012667A1 - Wheel, for a railway wagon wheel assembly, is mounted to the shaft and stub axle by support journals with matching outer and inner fits pressed together for bonding in a force fit and/or a positive fit - Google Patents

Abstract

The wheel (10) with a hollow interior (19), in a railway wagon wheel assembly, has a shaft support journal (11) and a stub axle support journal (16) in alignment with each other along their longitudinal axes. The shaft support journal has an outer fit (12) matching the inner fit (21) of a wheel shaft (2) pressed together for bonding in a force fit and/or a positive fit. The stub axle support journal has an outer fit (17) structured to be attached to the stub axle (3) at its inner fit (31) to take the two shaft bearings and are pressed together for bonding in a force fit and/or a positive fit.

Description

The The invention relates to a wheel, a wheel body and a wheel set of a Rail vehicle.

Under The term "wheel" in the present application documents is a wheel to understand, which are both one-piece and multi-part structure can. A wheel, which is built in one piece, is commonly with Full wheel designates. With regard to a multi-part constructed wheel the term wheel center is used in the present application documents. Under a wheelbase is the smallest production unit to understand which the wheel hub includes. Related to a concrete example of a tired wheel This means that this multi-piece wheel is made of a wheel body and composed of a wheel tire. The wheel body represents an independent production component with integrated wheel hub

Wheelsets from Rail vehicles consist of a wheelset shaft, on the means of a non-positive and / or positive locking Press connection the wheels and depending on the design brake discs are arranged. To reduce the mass forces The aspirations go there, the mass of the wheelset as far as possible which, however, has an opposite tendency to the achievable Fatigue strength represents. At the wheelset the highest vibration stresses occur predominantly at the location of the press association between axle and wheel on. At this point, however, the lowest sustainable fatigue strength prevails, as the press association due to notch effect, residual stresses and fretting corrosion represents a constructive and technical weak point. Although a series of measures for improved design and production engineering design the shaft-hub connection are the possibilities to further optimize the interference fit with a wheel as an outer part and a continuous shaft limited as an inner part.

in the Trap of a break of a full wheel, as a transverse tear from the wheel rim goes out, the connection between axle and wheel is canceled. This shifts the wheel on the wheelset, resulting in the loss of tracking and subsequently leads to derailment.

Wheelsets are regularly non-destructive checked. The ultrasonic test takes up a large space. For this the must Components of the wheelset of the test accessible be. Hinder complicated shapes and additional components the exam or make areas untestable. As part of the maintenance components such. B. wheels and Brake discs, replaced. Appropriately, the wheelsets be constructed so that easy and quick disassembly and Assembly possible is.

The fundamental technical problem is the avoidance of momentous derailments due to Radbrüche under the requirements of cost optimization, lightweight construction as well a production, testing and and maintenance-friendly construction. Generally, the Solution approaches in 4 categories organize.

category 1 concerns solutions, when driving a derailment relevant situation z. B. after a Wheel break detect and then measures such. For example, stopping of the vehicle.

category 2 contains solutions who are aiming at recording the cracks during maintenance.

In Category 3 will be the solutions summarized, which is a reduction of the crack-triggering stress purport.

category 4 includes solutions in which the wheelsets are arranged changed with the goal, the Place with the highest To separate stress and the place of least resistance. equally become solutions attributed to this category, modified by application joining methods between wheel and wheelset a higher load capacity at the joining association have the objective.

The solutions from category 3 and 4 are presented below, since these represent the relevant state of the art in relation to the solution according to the invention:
In the category 3, after the DE 197 39 766 A1 for braking a tread arranged parallel to the wheel. The 198 56 881 A1 treated a device for preventing friction vibrations on the wheelset. WO 91/13787 presents a wheel set consisting of two elastically coupled half-wheel sets with the aim of reducing the slip between wheel and rail. The DE 21 46 614 A1 describes a wheel set with axially elastically vulcanized rubber elements.

Referring to the category 4, the treated DE 569 996 A a wheel set shaft, which is biased by a tie rod and thus experiences an increase in the fatigue strength by pressure medium voltages. After DE 195 06 678 A1 are located between the hollow shaft and stub axles Disk wheels clamped by a tie rod or the items are connected by flanges and / or cohesive joining methods. The US 4,307,910 describes a wheelset shaft, which consists of a tubular part with a turned-over end, wherein the turned-over end is welded or secured with bolts. The US 37 56 646 deals with a wheel set in which the wheel set shaft and wheel disc are made of fiber composite material. The JP 03025002 A describes a wheel set, in which the shaft merges into the wheel disc and is connected in the region of the wheel disc with the outer ring which carries the flange, by welding. In the DE 25 20 886 A1 a wheel set is treated in which the shaft-hub connection is designed as a Klebsrumpfverband. After DE 647 140 A the wheelset bearing seat is designed as an extension of the hub, so that the wheelset shaft is connected to the hub by longitudinal or transverse pressing. The DE 658 358 A describes a wheel set, which is joined in the area of the wheel disc by screws. The DE 16 05 077 A also provides a bolted flange connection between wheel and shaft in the area of the wheel disc. In the DE 827 074 B a wheel set is described in which the wheel discs are provided with stub axles and are welded to the hollow shaft to the wheelset. According to the DE 100 53 358 A1 The wheelset bearing between the wheel and axle is arranged. The DE 639 418 A describes a hubless wheel set in which the entire disc wheel body is formed as a continuation of the ring gear set shaft. After US 1 068 385 the wheels are bolted to the front and the wheelset provided with internal bearings.

Of the Invention is based on the object, a wheel or a wheel body of a Rail vehicle so that a wheel break or a Radkörperbruch by transverse cracks not the failure of the wheel set by loss of the safe tracking entails.

These The object is achieved by the Characteristics of claim 1 solved, which is directed to a wheel is. Furthermore, this object is achieved by the features of the claim 3 solved, the on a wheel center is directed. After all this object is achieved by the features of claim 5, which is directed to a wheelset is.

• • das Rad bzw. der Radkörper weist einen Wellen-Tragzapfen und einen Achsstummel-Tragzapfen auf, deren Längsachsen miteinander fluchten,
• • der Wellen-Tragzapfen weist eine Außenpassung auf, die dazu ausgebildet ist, mit einer Innenpassung einer Radsatzwelle eine kraftschlüssige und/oder formschlüssige Pressverbindung einzugehen,
• • der Achsstummel-Tragzapfen weist eine Außenpassung auf, die dazu ausgebildet ist, mit einer Innenpassung eines Achsstummels, der in Einbaulage eines der beiden Wellenlager des Radsatzes aufnimmt, eine kraftschlüssige und/oder formschlüssige Pressverbindung einzugehen.

The advantages of the invention are based on the design of the wheel or of the wheel body, which has the following features:

• The wheel or the wheel body has a shaft support pin and a stub axle support pin whose longitudinal axes are aligned with each other,
• The shaft support pin has an outer fit, which is designed to enter into a non-positive and / or positive press connection with an inner fit of a wheel set shaft,
• • The stub axle trunnion has an external fit, which is adapted to enter with an internal fit of a stub axle, which accommodates one of the two shaft bearings of the wheel set in the installed position, a non-positive and / or positive interference fit.

is The wheel designed as a full wheel, spreads in the event of a wheel break the crack from the rim to the trunnion. By the overhanging Hollow shafts, however, the Press Association is not repealed and the Wheel held in the prescribed position. A shift of the wheel on the shaft does not occur, so that the safe tracking in the Conservation of a Nottragfunktion remains. Related to the wheelset Make the stub axles and axles easy to manufacture and inexpensive As part of the maintenance, the wheelset shaft and the Independent stub axle be exchanged for each other according to individual condition.

According to one Embodiment of the invention, the wheel or the wheel body a consistent Inner cavity on. Refer to the wheelset additionally each the stub axle and the wheelset shaft on a continuous inner cavity. These measures take the principles of lightweight construction into account, because of the internal cavities achieved a low weight and a high weight-related strength becomes. Since the wheelset shaft has a continuous inner cavity, can as inexpensive solution standardized and high-quality pipes to be used come. The maintenance of the wheelset is with the usual procedures, Facilities and technologies of wheelset maintenance feasible. Of the Wheel set is largely compatible with the usual methods of non-destructive exam testable. The internal cavities allow an uncomplicated non-destructive testing of the Radsatzes, the high-stress points, for example, for a Ultrasound head easily accessible are.

According to one Another embodiment of the invention is the inner cavity of the wheel and the inner cavity of the stub axle is formed in its transition region are that their inner diameter are aligned. Of the the aforementioned transition area thus has substantially no internal sales, which is a non-destructive exam with a test head, the inside led by the wheelset will hinder.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the inner cavity of the wheel and the inner cavity of the axle is in its transition Area are formed so that their inner diameter are aligned. For this purpose, the aforementioned applies the substantially inner paragraph free design to facilitate a non-destructive testing.

The The invention will be described below with reference to an illustrated in the drawings embodiment explained in more detail. there demonstrate:

1 a wheel set consisting of two wheels, two axle stubs and a wheelset shaft, in full section;

2 the area of the left wheel of the in 1 illustrated wheel set, in an enlarged view in full section;

3 to 5 each a conventional wheelset, the individual figures illustrate a damage history;

6 to 8th in each case the wheelset according to the invention after the 1 and 2 , where the damage history and the emergency carry function are illustrated.

The 1 shows a wheelset for a rail vehicle. It consists of a wheelset shaft 2 to each of which there is a wheel on both sides 10 and a stub axle 3 connect. The two stub axles 3 In installation position, hold the two wheelset shaft bearings. For this is on each stub axle 3 an external fit 32 arranged. Further details regarding the wheelset shaft bearing are not shown for reasons of clarity.

In 2 is the area of in 1 shown left wheel 10 shown enlarged. With regard to the design of the wheel two possibilities are shown. The first option is shown in the lower half of the drawing and shows a wheel 10 in a one-piece construction in the form of a full wheel. The second possibility can be taken from the upper half of the drawing and relates to a multi-part constructed wheel in the form of a tired wheel. The tired wheel consists of an independent production part in the form of a wheel body 101 which comprises the wheel hub according to the definition set out above. As another component, the tired wheel includes a wheel tire 102 with the help of a snap ring 103 is secured.

• • das Rad 10 bzw. der Radkörper 101 weist einen Wellen-Tragzapfen 11 und einen Achsstummel-Tragzapfen 16 auf, deren Längsachsen miteinander fluchten,
• • der Wellen-Tragzapfen 11 weist eine Außenpassung 12 auf, die dazu ausgebildet ist, mit einer Innenpassung 21 einer Radsatzwelle 2 eine kraftschlüssige und/oder formschlüssige Pressverbindung einzugehen,
• • der Achsstummel-Tragzapfen 16 weist eine Außenpassung 17 auf, die dazu ausgebildet ist, mit einer Innenpassung 31 eines Achsstummels 3, der in Einbaulage eines der beiden Wellenlager des Radsatzes aufnimmt, eine kraftschlüssige und/oder formschlüssige Pressverbindung einzugehen.

The lower or upper half of the drawing illustrates the following features:

• • the wheel 10 or the wheel body 101 has a shaft trunnion 11 and a stub axle trunnion 16 on whose longitudinal axes are aligned,
• • the shaft trunnion 11 has an external fit 12 on which is designed with an internal fit 21 a wheel set shaft 2 to make a positive and / or positive press connection,
• • the stub axle trunnion 16 has an external fit 17 on which is designed with an internal fit 31 a stub axle 3 , which receives one of the two shaft bearings of the wheelset in installation position, to enter into a non-positive and / or positive interference fit.

Furthermore, in 2 shown that the wheel 10 or the wheel body 101 , the stub axle 3 and the wheelset shaft 2 each a continuous inner cavity 19 . 29 and 39 exhibit.

The inner cavity 19 of the wheel 10 or the wheel body 101 and the inner cavity 39 of the stub axle 3 are formed in their transition region so that their inner diameter are equal to each other. This facilitates a nondestructive testing, as set out above in the advantages.

The on the 1 attributable 2 shows two alternatives with respect to the press connection between the shaft support pin 11 of the wheel 10 or wheel body 101 and the wheelset shaft 2 , The first alternative is presented in the lower half of the drawing. There is illustrated that the internal cavity 19 of the wheel 10 or the wheel body 101 and the inner cavity 29 the wheelset shaft 2 are formed in their transition region so that their inner diameter are equalized. As already explained in the beginning under the benefit designation, this achieves a simple testability. The second alternative is shown in the upper half of the drawing. Here are a simple form and a low component weight.

As non-positive and / or positive press connection, for example, longitudinal or transverse press dressings are. The press dressings are formed in a standardized manner and comprise at the stub axle trunnion 16 a relief groove 18 and at the shaft trunnion 11 a relief groove 13 , For the sake of simplicity, there are details, such as a sliding transition on the outer fitting 17 of the stub axle journal 16 and at the exterior fit 12 of the shaft trunnion 11 not marked with.

The 3 to 5 illustrate a damage history of a conventional wheel set consisting of a wheel set shaft 2 and two wheels 10 in the form of full wheels.

The 3 shows a transverse crack in the wheel rim. In 4 the transverse crack is more advanced and has completely covered not only the wheel rim and the wheel disc but also the wheel hub. As a result, the press connection is canceled.

As in 5 shown, the wheel wanders 10 due to the canceled press connection to the center of the axle 2 , The tracking is canceled with the result that it comes to the derailment.

In contrast to the known, a damage course of a wheel set according to the invention runs so that a Nottragefunktion is maintained. This will be in the 6 to 8th illustrated.

6 shows a transverse crack in the wheel rim of a wheel according to the invention 10 , This crack widens and migrates to the area of the wheel hub, as seen from 7 evident. However, the Press Association remains different than the acquaintance due to the overhanging axle 2 get, like 8th illustrated. Thus, the wheel can 10 do not move and the tracking is maintained.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

wheel

11

Shaft supporting journal

12

external fit

13

relief

16

Stub axle carrier pins

17

external fit

18

relief

19

internal cavity

101

Wheel center

102

tires

103

snap ring

2

axle

21

internal fit

29

internal cavity

3

stub axle

31

internal fit

32

external fit

39

internal cavity

Claims (8)

Wheel ( 10 ) of a wheel set of a rail vehicle, having the following characteristics: • the wheel ( 10 ) has a shaft support pin ( 11 ) and a stub axle trunnion ( 16 ), whose longitudinal axes are aligned with each other, • the shaft support pin ( 11 ) has an external fit ( 12 ) which is adapted to be fitted with an internal 21 ) a wheelset shaft ( 2 ) enter into a non-positive and / or positive press connection, • the stub axle trunnion ( 16 ) has an external fit ( 17 ) which is adapted to be fitted with an internal 31 ) of a stub axle ( 3 ), which receives one of the two shaft bearings of the wheel set in the installed position, to enter into a non-positive and / or positive press connection. Wheel ( 10 ) according to claim 1, having a continuous internal cavity ( 19 ) having. Wheel body ( 101 ) of a wheel set of a rail vehicle, having the following features: 101 ) has a shaft support pin ( 11 ) and a stub axle trunnion ( 16 ), whose longitudinal axes are aligned with each other, • the shaft support pin ( 11 ) has an external fit ( 12 ) which is adapted to be fitted with an internal 21 ) a wheelset shaft ( 2 ) enter into a non-positive and / or positive press connection, • the stub axle trunnion ( 16 ) has an external fit ( 17 ) which is adapted to be fitted with an internal 31 ) of a stub axle ( 3 ), which receives one of the two shaft bearings of the wheel set in the installed position, to enter into a non-positive and / or positive press connection. Wheel body ( 101 ) according to claim 3, having a continuous internal cavity ( 19 ) having. Wheel set of a rail vehicle with two wheels ( 10 ), a wheelset shaft ( 2 ), and two end stub axles ( 3 ), each in the operating position of one of the two side shaft bearings of the wheelset, with the following features: • each of the two wheels ( 10 ) has a shaft support pin ( 11 ) and a stub axle trunnion ( 16 ), whose longitudinal axes are aligned with each other, • the shaft support pin ( 11 ) has an external fit ( 12 ), which with an end-mounted inner fit ( 21 ) of the wheelset shaft ( 2 ) of the wheel set forms a non-positive and / or positive press connection, • the stub axle trunnion ( 16 ) has an external fit ( 17 ), which have an internal fit ( 31 ) of the stub axle ( 3 ) forms a frictional and / or positive press connection. Wheel set of a rail vehicle according to claim 5, in which the two wheels ( 10 ), the two stub axles ( 3 ) and the wheelset shaft ( 2 ) each have a continuous inner cavity ( 19 . 39 . 29 ) exhibit. Wheel set of a rail vehicle according to claim 6, wherein the inner cavity ( 19 ) of the wheel ( 10 ) and the internal cavity ( 39 ) of the stub axle ( 3 ) are formed in their transition region, that their inner diameter are equal to each other. Wheel set of a rail vehicle according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the inner cavity ( 19 ) of the wheel ( 10 ) and the internal cavity ( 29 ) of the wheelset shaft ( 2 ) are formed in their transition region so that their inner diameter are equal to each other.