DE19632489A1 - Floor-high prefabricated part with shafts as air pipes, esp. chimneys - has enclosing wall which comprises shell sections separated in pipe longitudinal direction, wall having height of up to six metres and being assembled from two half-shells - Google Patents

Abstract

The chimney has an enclosing wall which comprises several shell sections separated in the pipe longitudinal direction. The wall has a height of up to 6 metres and is assembled from two half-shells (15). The half-shells comprise at least two shanks (16,17) which are connected by a bar (18). The half-shells have gearings (20) on their contacting surfaces, with gearings consisting of trapezoidal teeth (35). The half-shells are reinforced in the areas where they cross with the bar.

Description

The invention relates to an approximately floor-high prefabricated component with one or more other shafts for domestic supply and disposal lines, especially air management lines, especially chimneys, also sol for several shafts che different use, with a preferably rectangular in cross section externally formed, at least one shaft-shaped cavity giving wall, especially open or closed from aggregate concrete porous training, in which access openings are provided.

Such components designed as chimneys are from the prior art known. A distinction is made between one, two and three-shell chimneys. The respective lige outer shell of such devices known from the prior art often consist of a large number, preferably 32.3 cm, one above the other high, lightweight concrete mantle stones, one above the other in a known manner arranged and connected to each other. These lightweight concrete mantle stones white sen at least one central opening, on which with a double-shell version the chamotte tube and, in the case of a three-shell version, a chamotte tube and one Thermal insulation layer is arranged. The thermal insulation layer is preferred as made of mineral fiber insulation boards between the wall and Firebrick is arranged. In the manufacture of such a device individual lightweight concrete mantle stones, the first, lowest mantle stone becomes one Foundation (or a floor slab) put on and then with stamped concrete filled out. This lowest cladding stone forms a base, on which the wide one ren, depending on the desired height of the facility necessary coat stones are put on. Mortar is applied between the individual coat stones ordered, which serves to connect the adjacent mantle stones. These devices known from the prior art have proven themselves.

A further development of such facilities is that at the factory manufactured floor-to-ceiling elements can be assembled on site in a short time, wherein the individual elements are preferably reinforced in the corner stones and by means of special screwing or clamping arrangements rigid with each other  get connected. The floor-to-ceiling elements are made so that they are in the Manufactured from individual preferably 32.3 cm high coat stones hochge be bricked, where appropriate, firebrick pipe and thermal insulation assembled in parallel with the mantle stones from individual fittings the. The procedure corresponds essentially to the usual masonry of the chimney on the construction site. Another manufacturing approach consists of casting the castle-high elements in one pour at the factory The difficulty here is the retrofitting of the inner shell as well as in the compaction of the shell stone concrete. Both described manufacturers Development methods are known from the prior art. The described Her Positioning methods, however, are complex and very cost-intensive.

Based on this state of the art, the object of the invention reasons to form a generic device such that they are simple and is inexpensive to manufacture and quick to assemble on site.

The solution to this problem provides that the wall consists of several Shell regions formed together divided in the longitudinal direction of the shaft is set and in particular has a height of up to about 6 m.

"Storey high" is intended to show an order of magnitude in so far as he Prefabricated component according to the invention on buildings with different Floor numbers should be adaptable. It does not mean that the component For example, it ends in the ceiling area of a storey Separation point between two superimposed components in the Be between the floor and ceiling of a floor. One from the front in relatively long "storey-high" execution of a component - here addressed about 6 m - is in particular when reaching through in particular pointed roof. Accordingly, it can only be one such a component can be provided per structure, penetration from basement to Roof of a single-storey building, but it can also have a number of sol cher components in an arrangement one above the other with a corresponding multiple storey buildings.

According to the invention, the wall of the prefabricated component consists of several shell areas divided in the longitudinal direction of the shaft, the  individually manufactured and then to the wall encompassing the shafts be put together. Basically, this can be more than two Be bowls, sufficient to meet technical requirements and, in this respect, special the use of two half-shells is preferred. The wall of the construction element (shell stone), in particular two half-shells, can be integrated into one of lightweight concrete, in particular open or closed-pore Pile texture, manufacture.

The shell areas or half-shells have at least two legs and a web connecting the legs, with more than one shaft ent speaking more legs with a correspondingly enlarged bridge. There at is preferred from the performance in a row next to each other ordered shafts, but in principle several shafts can can also be assigned to one another in the manner of a polygon, as long as below accessibility does not suffer.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the connection between the Shell parts, especially half shells, due to the loads that occur appropriate gluing, which is particularly the case with heat-loaded shafts instead of mortar, putty or the like by suitably high heat resistant glue is made.

The shell parts or preferably half-shells preferably have the next There is only talk of them - on their facing bridge surface gears or the like on the connection of the two Half-shells interlock and shift in the longitudinal direction of the shaft avoid relative to each other. The teeth preferably consist of trapezoidal teeth, which have the advantage that they have a large upper have area. In the transition area of the webs into the legs are the Elements reinforced to increase the stability of the elements and arrange reinforcement elements here, which can also be retrofitted can be.

In an advantageous embodiment, the shell elements have in their corner areas in each case at least one opening running in the longitudinal direction of the shaft leading to the Serve especially tensionable reinforcement elements. This  Reinforcing elements are used to transport the prefabricated construction elements and also make it possible to arrange several of these elements, especially high shaft combinations, one of static Reasons to ensure necessary stability by connecting them together and become more or less tense. The openings for receiving the Reinforcement is preferably formed by an empty pipe embedded in concrete; preferably is in each corner of the outer edge of the rectangular casing stone (wall) an opening for reinforcing elements is provided, which after insertion with Liquid mortar is poured and after assembly on site with regard the stacked components are screwed together to to create a rigid connection that builds up over the last hori Zonal support allowed without additional measures.

The component according to the invention can be used with regard to its Use the shaft version or its shaft versions many times, from Garbage chute via waste water, cable routing, gas water pipes and ventilation Applications are in particular the use as a chimney, with condensing Boilers, for example, also provided an exhaust air duct, in particular in the latter if necessary as a channel-shaped cavity for receiving approved off feedings.

The component preferably serves as or as part of a chimney design, in at least one of the shafts an off according to the regulations clothing, in particular in the form of a fire tube, the Ab cuts preferably over insulation element over the inside wall of the shaft Component is supported, preferably while maintaining distances, so that thermal tensions can be compensated or a certain mobility preserved. In a particularly preferred embodiment is between the Insulation elements and the inner wall of the shaft - preferably rectangular or trapezoidal wall limitation ensures rear ventilation. The Firebrick can consist of a large number of individual shaped stones, which in assembled a first step and together, for example by putty, be connected before the pre-assembled in a second step Chamotte tube is inserted in a half-shell of the device. Before that, the Thermal insulation layer in the half-shell prepared in such a way that after the one place the pre-assembled chamotte tube can be closed such that the second half-shell then placed on the first half-shell that will. In another advantageous embodiment of the manufacturing process, this is  Firebrick tube pre-assembled on a "mandrel", the diameter of which Corresponds to the inner diameter of the chamotte tube. Thereby the vertical, aligned installation of the chamotte tube ensures and guarantees that in the Joint area emerging putty be smoothed on the inner and outer surface can, thereby ensuring the required free movement of the inner shells is provided.

As an alternative to the above chimney design, the can Shafts for the reception of glass, plastic, ceramic or Metal can be used, which in particular corresponds to the state of the art also only at the construction site from the shaft mouth into the fully assembled Shaft are inserted, here again in particular with reference to Ab gas pipes in the so-called condensing technology.

For the manufacture of the elements is a formwork with a base plate, one Edge formwork aligned parallel to the surface normal of the floor slab and at least one is preferably U-shaped in cross section formed formwork element provided, which is within the edge formwork is arranged. In this formwork according to the invention, the edge formwork is umlau fend formed. The formwork element arranged within the edge formwork stretches the opposite between two opposite side plates of the Edge formwork. When this formwork is poured out, a half-shell is created a half cavity device. Become two half shells joined together, there is at least one cavity in which, for example the fire tube and the insulation element or an exhaust pipe are used can be. For the manufacture of foot elements on the foundation or put on the base plate, they close inside the edge formwork arranged formwork elements not flush with the edge formwork, so that when pouring the concrete, a base is created at the foot of the facility. The End areas of the formwork are designed so that a Half-shell of the foot element and the other at the other formwork end matching second half shell of the foot element can be manufactured.

An advantageous further development of the formwork provides that the formwork element with the base plate and at least two side plates of the edge formwork Cavity limited.  

According to a further feature of the invention it is provided that the Bo denplatte at least in a partial area between the edge formwork and the Formwork element depressions and elevations are provided, preferably are arranged alternately with respect to the tooth pitch. With these Raised and deepened areas of the elements are trained det. The elevations and depressions must be in the form at each formwork end Pass over the plinth area that when gluing the concrete half board len a foot element whose teeth can interlock and on the foot of the element a "massive" base is created.

Can be used to manufacture middle and head elements that do not contain a base the middle formwork area can be used. To do this, two additional ab positions are used in the edge formwork, the half-shells of the Limit the element when concreting.

Above the floor slabs and inside the edge formwork there is at least one preferably two, especially insertable, preferably a circular Formwork rods arranged against cross-section, which the empty pipes form to accommodate the reinforcement elements. Such formwork would be complete To pull out, you can of course also remove a so-called lost Provide formwork using a plastic pipe or the like. It can also be provided that the reinforcing elements during the casting operation of the elements are inserted so that the reinforcing elements with the element are cast, where appropriate, the reinforcing elements ge can be stretched.

According to a further feature of the invention it is provided that the inner Formwork elements two parallel to the side panels of the edge formwork fend legs and a web connecting the formwork. Preferably the taverns are at their end facing the web facing the web kinks. This configuration allows the formwork according to the invention Elements are made in the transition area between the web and the legs are reinforced, so that for example the arrangement Empty pipes in this area do not result in an adverse weakening of the elements in the corner area.  

Preferably, the floor slabs and / or the edge formwork and! Or exist Formwork elements as well as the additional side panels for the storage of middle and steel head elements.

The depressions and ridges on the base plate of the invention Formwork are trapezoidal in longitudinal section, it being after a Another feature of the invention provides that the depressions and elevations hung running parallel between the edge formwork and the formwork element are arranged in such a way that in each case a recess faces an elevation lies. Elements can be designed in this way with the formwork according to the invention are produced, which are then in the manner described above and Ways can be assembled into a facility.

Half-shells for foot sections can be manufactured at the formwork ends (base area) will. Outside the base area you can use additional shelves Half shells for middle and head elements can be manufactured. Alternatively, pre can be seen that foot, middle and head elements come in different formwork be put.

Further features and advantages of the invention result from the following Description of the accompanying drawings, in the preferred embodiment shape the device according to the invention and the Scha according to the invention lung are shown. The drawing shows:

Fig. 1 A composed of three elements (foot, middle and head element) using the example of a single-flue chimney for a house with a basement (KG), ground floor and attic (EG and DG);

FIG. 2 shows the formwork for producing the elements from FIG. 1 in a cross section shown in section;

FIG. 3 shows the formwork of Figure 2 in a sectional side view taken along line II-II in Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a plan view of the formwork from Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is the composite of two half-shells of the foot member of Figure 1 device in a side view (without connection openings).

Fig. 6, the "lower" half-shell of the foot member of the apparatus of FIG. 5;

Fig. 7, the "upper" half-shell of the foot member of the apparatus of FIG. 5;

FIG. 8 shows an enlarged section of the element shown in FIG. 5 according to the circle VI in FIG. 5;

FIG. 9 shows the device from FIG. 5 in a sectional side view with introduced connection openings;

FIG. 10 shows an element of the device according to FIG. 1 in cross section;

Fig. 11 examples of possible embodiments of the device in cross section;

Fig. 12 further examples of possible designs of the device in cross section.

The component 1 consists of at least one storey-high element with a square cross section. Of these elements, several can be arranged one above the other in the longitudinal direction of the device 1 , the total height of the device and the division of the storeys determining the number and height of the elements 1 ', 1 '',''' arranged one above the other. The bottom element 1 'forms the foot element. At the lower end of the foot element ( 3 in Fig. 9), the base 4 is arranged. Above the base, the foot element 1 'has a ventilation opening 5 , which is covered with a ventilation grille 6 . Furthermore, the foot element contains openings for the condensate drain 7 , a smoke pipe connection 8 and a cleaning door connection 2 . Further openings for flue pipe or cleaning door connections can be contained in central elements. The head element can also have such openings. In addition, a ventilation opening is provided as in the foot element. The head element forms the end of the manhole structure 1 composed of the building elements and is provided with a cover plate 32 , so that only the opening of the fire tube 11 opens outwards. Execution of the connection openings, chimney, head formation and rear ventilation are known from the prior art.

In Figs. 2 to 4, a mold 21 for the production of half-shells 15 of an element 1 ', 1' ', 1' '' of a device 1 (cage, one three-shell chimney exemplified by a, 9 from haufwerks- or closed-pore lightweight concrete. The formwork 21 consists of a base plate 22 , an edge formwork 23 oriented parallel to the surface normal of the base plate 22 and a formwork element 24 of essentially U-shaped cross-section, which is arranged within the edge formwork 23. The edge formwork 23 has four side elements, each of which is The formwork element 24 is arranged in such a way that it ends on both sides about 45 cm in front of the side walls, not shown, between two oppositely arranged side walls of the edge formwork 23 , which are not shown in FIG Zwischenabstellu also not shown here ngen required that can be installed parallel to the front side walls of the edge formwork 23 at any point of the formwork.

The formwork element 24 consists of two legs 25 and 26 , which are connected to one another via a web 27 , the web being bevelled on the legs 25 and 26 at both ends. Between the formwork element 24 and the base plate 22 , a cavity 28 is formed which, after hardening of the lightweight concrete, forms the cavity of an element 1 ', 1 '', 1 ''of a device 1 for receiving the fire tube 11 and the insulating element 12 . The legs 25 and 26 of the formwork element 24 are arranged at the same distance from the two parallel to the legs 25 and 26 extending side walls of the edge formwork 23 , so that the element 15 with a uniform wall thickness is formed in the region of its two legs 16 and 17 . A web 18 of the element 15 connecting the legs 16 and 17 likewise has the same wall thickness.

The bevels 29 arranged on the web 27 of the formwork element 24 form the transition region of the web 18 into the legs 16 and 17 of the element 15 with a greater wall thickness than the wall thickness of the legs 16 and 17 and of the web 18 . In the area of these transition areas between the web 18 and the legs 16 and 17 , the element 15 has openings 19 , into which reinforcement elements (not shown here) are inserted. The reinforcing elements are formed as rods with a circular cross-section and are either half-shells 15 inserted and concreted in the casting process at the appropriate point or subsequently inserted into the openings 19 provided for the reinforcing elements and poured with liquid mortar. The openings 19 can be formed by empty pipes, which can be inserted into the formwork through holes provided in the side walls of the edge formwork and in the intermediate positions, and remain as "lost" formwork in the half-shell.

In FIG. 3, the formation of the bottom plate 22 is shown of the formwork element 24 in the region between the edge form 23 and the legs 25 and 26 respectively. The base plate 22 has depressions 30 and elevations 31 in a partial area, which are alternately preferably arranged in regular division and are trapezoidal in longitudinal section. No depressions and elevations are arranged in the edge areas of the base plate 22 , so that, for example, a base 4 is cast in these areas during the casting process.

For the formwork of a single-row or even-numbered webs chimney could be provided that a recess 30 between the edge formwork 23 and the leg 25 of the formwork element 24 an increase 31 between the leg 26 of the formwork element 24 and the edge formwork 23 is opposite. In a corresponding manner, the heights 31 between the edge formwork 23 and the leg 25 of the formwork element 24 wells 30 between the leg 26 of the formwork element 24 and the edge formwork 23 would be arranged opposite one another. This would then only require one base end for the formwork of one-way chimneys.

With the formwork 21 described above, the half-shells 15 to be described below can be poured from lightweight or closed-pore lightweight concrete, which are then th to floor-high (maximum 6 m) elements such as the foot element 1 'glued together and on site to a device 1 are summarized in FIG. 1.

It should also be mentioned that the formwork 21 described above is made entirely of steel, so that it can be produced inexpensively, can be used multiple times without significant wear and has an exact dimensional accuracy.

In FIGS. 5 through 9, the foot member 1 'of an apparatus 1 of FIG. 1 as well as the half-shells 15 to form the element 1' of the device 1 is shown. The half-shells 15 are essentially U-shaped in cross-section and, as can be seen in FIG. 2, have two legs 16 and 17 and a web 18 connecting the legs 16 and 17 . The half-shells 15 have teeth 20 on their mutually facing surfaces which consist of teeth 35 which are trapezoidal in longitudinal section. Between the trapezoidal teeth 35 are consequently also in longitudinal section trapezoidal recesses 36 are arranged, in which in assembled half-shells 15 to form an element 1 ', 1 '', 1 ''' the teeth 35 of the complementary half-shell 15 come to rest. At one end of the half-shells 15 of the foot element 1 ', no teeth 35 and recesses 36 are arranged. In this area, the base 4 of the foot element 1 'is provided. The teeth and recesses are equally spaced such that half shells manufactured in one and the same formwork can be paired by arranging one of the half shells in the joint plane rotated by 180 °; this is intended for even-numbered webs. It may be easier to provide two base ends and one half shell with the right and another with the left base part.

The two half-shells 15 shown by way of example in FIGS. 5 and 6 are before their assembly and - according to the exemplary embodiment considered - an insert of the internals, for example fire tubes 11 , in the area of the upper surfaces of the teeth 35 and the recesses 36 with an adhesive, putty or Spread mortar, whereby in the case of high temperatures the adhesive retains its adhesive properties accordingly. Subsequently, the "upper" half-shell 15 shown in FIG. 7 is lowered to the "lower" half-shell 15 shown in FIG. 6, the teeth 35 of the "upper" half-shell 15 shown in FIG. 5 being inserted into the recesses 36 of the in FIG . the "lower" half-shell 6 shown lock and vice versa.

Then the adhesive, mortar or putty connecting the two half-shells hardens, so that a ready-to-install element 1 ', 1 '', 1 ''is formed from three construction elements that can be used, for example, as a chimney. A corresponding cross section with a division axis 37 is shown in FIG. 10. Besides the process described in Fig. 1 to 9 foot element 1 'are in multi-storey buildings, at least one central member 1' 'and a head element 1' '' vorgese hen.

Components of the type described above are storey-high and can have lengths of around 6 m, which means that, in adaptation to the building structure, chimneys etc. can be built from a few components. The connection of the components placed on top of one another can take place here by means of the reinforcement elements inserted into the openings 19 and by mortar.

As the figures show, the walls of the components delimit at least one cavity 9 with essentially square cross-sections, the corner regions of the cavities 9 being chamfered and having empty tubes 19 extending in the longitudinal direction of the shaft in the area of these chamfers, into which reinforcing elements can be inserted as rod-shaped steels, which can be inserted serve as transport and assembly currencies and ensure the stability of the manhole structure even at great heights above the last horizontal clamping. Components arranged one above the other can be connected to one another in a rigid manner by means of tensioning or screwing devices provided on the reinforcing bars.

In each cavity of a component, a hollow-cylindrical fireclay pipe 11 is used in the form of a three-shell ventilated chimney, on the outer lateral surface of which an insulating element 12 in the form of a mineral fiber insulating plate is arranged. This insulation board maintains a distance 13 from the inner surface of the casing block, which is designed as an air gap of small width. In the corners of the cavities 9 , essentially trapezoidal cavities 33 are provided between the cladding stone and the insulating layer as ventilation channels for the thermal insulation layer. The chamotte tube 11 can consist of a plurality of arranged stones, which are connected to each other before being inserted into a half-shell before being inserted as a pre-assembled unit in the half-shell. The preassembly of the firebrick tube 11 can also be done standing on a circular mandrel, not shown, the diameter of which is adapted to the inside diameter of the firebrick tube. The chamotte tube 11 has 8 smoke pipe connections 14 in the region of the openings. Passing through the openings 8 and to which heat generating devices, not shown, for example burner-operated boilers, are connected, so that the exhaust air - exhaust gases - produced during the combustion of fossil fuels - is introduced into the fireclay pipe 11 via the flue pipe connection 14 and via the manhole structure 1 from which it is not shown shown building can be rejected. Alternatively, firebrick pipe and thermal insulation can also be omitted and the device can then be used as a ventilation exhaust duct or the like. During the final assembly on the construction site, the fireclay pipes used are connected to one another with acid putty so that they form a sealed unit. The connection of the superimposed on ordered components 1 ', 1 ''. . . is carried out using a mortar joint.

In Figs. 11 and 12, some embodiments are switched on and reproduced more spacious type which illustrate the scope of the territory of the flue gas discharge. Fig. 11 shows chimney designs of a single and multi-pass type, partly paired with a ventilation shaft, Fig. 12 shows a similar combination starting from a (not lined) exhaust pipe shaft.

Claims (30)

1. Approximately storey-high prefabricated component with one or more shafts for technical supply and disposal lines, especially air ducts, in particular chimneys, in the case of several shafts also such different uses, with a wall which is preferably of rectangular cross-section and is surrounded by at least one shaft-shaped cavity, in particular from pebble concrete with open or closed pores, in which access openings are provided, characterized in that the wall is composed of a plurality of shell regions divided in the longitudinal direction of the shaft and in particular has a height of up to approximately 6 m. 2. Component according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall is composed of two half-shells ( 15 ). 3. Component according to claim 2, characterized in that the half-shells ( 15 ) have at least two legs ( 16 , 17 ) and a leg ( 16 , 17 ) connecting web ( 18 ). 4. Component according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the half-shells ( 15 ) on their mutually facing surfaces toothing ( 20 ) or the like. 5. Component according to claim 4, characterized in that the teeth ( 20 ) consist of trapezoidal teeth ( 35 ). 6. Component according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the half-shells ( 15 ) in the transition region of the web ( 18 ) in the legs ( 16 , 17 ) are reinforced. 7. Component according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the half-shells ( 15 ) in their corner regions each have at least one opening in the longitudinal axis direction ( 10 , 19 ), preferably circularly gene cross section, in particular for receiving reinforcing elements ( 29 ) serve. 8. Component according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized, that the half-shells of the elements divided in the longitudinal axis direction on their superimposed surfaces connected, preferably glued are. 9. The component according to claim 8, characterized in that the half-shells ( 15 ) are glued with an adhesive, mortar or putty which retains its adhesiveness even at high temperatures. 10. The component according to claim 1, characterized in that in the or the cavities serving for cavity formation ( 9 ) fire tubes ( 11 ) are used. 11. The component according to claim 10, characterized in that between the or the chamotte tubes ( 11 ) and the walls insulating elements ( 12 ) are arranged. 12. The component according to claim 11, characterized in that air gaps ( 13 ) are arranged between the insulating elements ( 12 ) and the walls. 13. The component according to claim 11, characterized in that between the thermal insulation ( 12 ) and casing stone substantially trapezoidal openings ( 33 ) are arranged, which serve as rear ventilation channels for the thermal insulation ( 12 ). 14. Component according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterized, that the pubic tubes stand on a circular, vertically aligned ten mandrel are pre-assembled, especially when firebrick and heat insulation are not firmly connected. 15. The component according to claim 1, characterized, that the pubic tubes are mounted horizontally on a half-shell, esp especially if the firebrick pipe and thermal insulation are firmly connected they are. 16. The component according to claim 10, characterized, that thermal insulation and firebrick pipe inserted in the lying half-shell before the second half-shell is glued on. 17. The component according to claim 1, characterized,  that the cavities alternatively to include a later building exhaust pipe or as a shaft for ventilation or other purposes can serve. 18. Formwork for producing a component according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that a base plate ( 22 ), a parallel to the surface normal of the base plate ( 22 ) aligned edge formwork ( 23 ) and at least one preferably in cross section substantially U-shaped Formwork element ( 24 ) which is arranged within the edge formwork ( 23 ). 19. Formwork according to claim 18, characterized in that each formwork element ( 24 ) with the base plate ( 22 ) and two side plates, not shown, delimits a cavity ( 28 ). 20. Formwork according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the base plates ( 22 ) at least in the area between the edge formwork ( 23 ) and the formwork elements ( 24 ) have depressions ( 30 ) and elevations ( 31 ) which alternate or depending on the individual case are consistently net. 21. Formwork according to claim 20, characterized in that the depressions ( 30 ) and the elevations ( 31 ) are formed trapezoidal in longitudinal section. 22. Formwork according to claim 18, characterized in that the formwork elements ( 24 ) have two legs ( 25 , 26 ) extending parallel to the side plates of the edge formwork ( 23 ) and one leg ( 25 , 26 ) connecting web ( 27 ). 23. Formwork according to claim 22, characterized in that the legs ( 25 , 26 ) at their, the web ( 27 ) facing end are bent on the web ( 27 ). 24. Formwork according to claim 18, characterized in that at any point of the edge formwork ( 23 ) additional parallel to the side panels of the edge formwork side shelves for the manufacture of middle or head elements can be attached. 25. Formwork according to claim 18, characterized in that the base plate ( 22 ) and / or the edge formwork ( 23 ) and / or the formwork element ( 24 ) consists of steel. 26. Formwork according to claim 18, characterized in that the base plate ( 22 ) is smooth in the end regions between the edge formwork ( 23 ) and the formwork element ( 25 ). 27. Formwork according to claim 26, characterized, that the teeth at one end region preferably with an increase and preferably start with a depression at the other end. 28. Formwork according to claim 18, characterized in that above the base plate ( 22 ) and within the edge formwork ( 23 ) one or two, preferably having a circular cross-section, formwork rods (empty pipes for receiving the reinforcing elements) are arranged. 29. Device according to claim 28, characterized,  that screw connections are attached to the reinforcing elements, with which the individual elements are connected rigidly to each other if necessary can be. 30. Formwork according to claim 28, characterized, that in the side panels of the edge formwork and in the additional sides positions holes are arranged through which the empty tubes for the on provided reinforcement bars are pushed into the formwork can be held in place during the concreting process.