DE1958910A1 - Method for treating skin and apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Description

OrALLENG-E-σΟΟΕ PROS. INCORPORATED, Industry, Calif.

V. St. Λ.

Skin treatment method and device;

therefor

The invention relates to a method of treatment of animal skins to convert them into leather, and a suitable device for this.

The ^T1 REATMENT of lulls the manufacture of leather can be done in different steps. These steps can be:

(1) Lye Salts - Washing in water and salting to cover the skins before the following treatment Period of up to about a year to preserve. In known processes, a lye runway is used for Salts used. This lye runway is an oval concrete pit with a concrete island in the middle and a stirrer to keep the skins in motion in the track.

009825/1371

BATH

■ -2 ~

(2) Depilatory - Jumbling the skins in one wooden drum as described below Temporary soaking for a period of 12 hours to remove the hair from the skins.

(3) Liming - a second step in depilation.

Pickling and Stripping - Using an enzyme to remove unwanted proteins. Pickling is scrubbing. Pickling is the process of creating an acidic state for read tanning.

(5) Tanning - adding chromium oxide to transform the hide into leather. . '■

(6) Dyeing and fatty liquor - Dyeing is the "add one." Colour. Fatty liquor is the addition of oils to make the leather soft.

In known treatment methods for today, a wooden drum was used. The wooden drum acts like a butter churn. It is usually about three meters in diameter and about eight feet long. "The inner surface of the drum has protruding edges and pins that have a jumbling effect on the skins in the drum. The skins become loaded into the drum through a door on the outer surface of the drum. The usable capacity of the drum is less than half the total capacity. This is because the treatment process requires the addition of different chemicals at different times

009825/1371 b * D ORKäiNAU

Trunnion en "fed to the drum. As the trunnion also the support for the rotation of the drum this is a limiting factor. The level of the treatment liquid cannot exceed that Trunnions stand. Further, the required clutter operation places a limit on the amount of material that can be loaded into the drum without affecting the effectiveness of the clutter suffers

The aim of the invention is an improved one Method of treating hides and creating a device for performing this method.

The inventive method is that the Skins through an opening at one end of a drum, the other end of which is closed and the one on the inside having spiral ribs, and the drum in one direction about an axis which is inclined to the horizontal and the vertical, is rotated, with one end of the drum after above shows in order to achieve a spiral movement of the skins in the drum.

The object of creating a device for carrying out the method is achieved according to the invention by that it consists of an elongated drum that is open at one end and closed at the other end, which is constructed to be rotatable about an axis inclined with respect to the horizontal and the vertical and in the Inner Hippen 'which are shaped so that at a rotational movement of the drum in one direction

009825/1371

spiral motion produced by the skins, and that it has a reversible drive motor for rotating the drum. The drum is big enough to a large amount of bovine hides or other animal hides su grasp. '

The inner surface of the drum thus has spiral-shaped ribs which cause the skins to move in a spiral manner when the drum is rotated. The ribs are also a ^TT i Ife when loading and unloading the skins into the drum or from δ <^ τ drum, as will be described in detail below. The ribs can a "their inner Fanten bulges on v / iron. These acts serve two purposes. They serve once to prevent the skins from tearing, and. for the second dn * u, dn B the threads the inner surface of the drum at the foot of the ribs completely

De the axis of rotation of the drum is against the hori "octal by a v / pse ^ tli c ^ e ¹ ^ V / inkel p ^ enei ^ t, the upper end of the drum can be left open will. It is; no lid required.

The zoning effect ζ v / n see d.er NeI ⁷ ^ n ?? the drum. d.er ψ ^l spiralic ^ en Au ^ forp ¹ ! ^^ of the channels and the ' ^{Drehbeweτι.ιη 01} * of the drum in the loading direction keeps the fr'ute and the liquid in the drum. The drum can be loaded up to 80 to ^ 5 % of its volumetric capacity.

Reversing the direction of rotation d.er ^m drum causes the ribs d.ie skins rotating out of the drum.

009825/137 1

In contrast to the state of the art, there is a clear and important saving in work on both. Discharge "· ^0. Since the opening" is arranged more obliquely than vertically, the drum lends itself to a loading device. ^ By means of a shaker and / or an automatic door loading device by means of another
v ^T ie about a conveyor belt.

The main procedure is loading and unloading
havnrbsfchlioh- handicraft. It is therefore troublesome.

The Er.fi nöhinp; has a better effect than the well-known, wooden drum like a needle. The harvest
come out cleaner. A certain bilge effect occurs. With the 'inventor ?; x «; removes more Haarmir-7, e3 ^ and dirt than is possible with the known" method with a wooden drum.

The mechanical action creates a better end product. The invention produces a kneading and
Fine hvo r pO. ^ .r.

An essential feature of the invention is the fact that the drum is movable. The drum and the drive for rotating the drum can be brought directly to the slaughterhouse. That is, the drum Can only be attached to an anhs'n'jer and by a semi-trailer from and to the slaughterhouse and. the tannery be towed.

This makes it possible to have fresh goods at the slaughterhouse to increase and to begin with the P.ehaudlunp before the rods have a chance to spoil.

00 9825/1371

Spoilage is an important problem. Of perdition will gather in a few days. It shows ice üTa & ellc— rather than salsa stains and as actual decay of the skin. The corruption begins within "" "on two Hours.

With the invention, the hides can be used directly on the slaughter hay loaded into the drum after the animals are killed and the hides peeled off. The drum contains in in this case water and a germicidal smock. The drum can be rotated to the skins during the loader to toss in the drum occasionally and to Mix. ■

At the end of the day, the transporter is added to the drum of a semitrailer and fnr "cV towed to the tannery. The drum can" go to ^ edre ^{v "h} to the dehairing ru showing hostility. The drum can vrech.selv7ej.se of a Power connection on the tractor can be operated in the factory. The drive for rotating the drum can optionally be attached ^{directly to the Tr-anp-oor 4 "-troller.}

This saves a tent. It is also very important that? the skins are treated before they are destroyed will.

As mentioned above, the depilation process takes around 12 hours. Only parts of the 12 hours are for mechanical Activities used. During the remaining time intervals of the 12 hour period, the drum is stationary atill.

—9—

0098 25/1371

BAD OFBGWAt

An essential characteristic of the invention is that mi +; the ¹ T ^ o ^ ir'el both laurrenp ^ sal ^ en and you -dehaired. Ss is mörjlich, directly rsuin

I laupfinrusal ~ e "~.

The 'Tpsnpt ^ e Sal ^^ or ^ anf can be carried out in the drum by V /?. Βcbe ^ and S ^ J re ^ in the ^m rommel v; he ■'?. E ">. Ei? -J P + "nich +: notxienö-i ^, suerst the I ^T: ~ rte to v / ^ asses and then use ^ ahn a Lanrenlauf to the -raw hides r3.1 ti" to make · ar before 'later v / eitertehandelt v.'erder ¹ as required by known methods and devices.

Very considerable cost savings are possible because it is not necessary to invest capital in the career and other known handling equipment. One of the most important aspects of the invention relates to wastewater disposal ^ troinmeltechrik is the firinum of the skin . Water ratio when depilating Λ: ^Λ , "^ With the well-known stirring technique for dehairing, the ratio ^TT a \ jt to water sometimes reaches the value ^: 2. With the invention a ratio of ^; " ^{1 is} normal. This reduces the water polluted with sulphides and lime by about 70 per cent. Or increases the weight of the hides treated to 300 %. As a result of the increasing pressure on the tanneries, their wastewater prevails To recycle for emptying into the public sewer network, this is quite a help.

The drum can be used for some or all of the treatments involved in converting the skins into

-8th-

009825/137 1

BADOftHSiNÄt

Leather occur. When the casing of the drum is out. ordinary Steel is made and the drum is used for all operations, the inside must be the drum should be lined with a material similar to that in the spr'tere ^ sections chemicals used in the leather treatment process not reacted. In this case the Tro ^ me] with a suitable material such as plastic and fiber, glass or stainless steel. Corresponding a drum manufactured and operated in the manner described represents a specific Ge-P subject of the invention of.

Other and further embodiments of the invention are made up of the following. Description; and the demands clear and are shown in the drawing, which for explanation preferred embodiments of the invention and its prin- ciples shows. the Examples are currently considered to be the best application of the Principles of the invention considered. Other embodiments of the invention that are the same or realize similar principles can be used and structural changes can be made after k request to be carried out by a professional, without leaving the field of the invention, as explained by Description.and Claims is given to deviate. In the drawing show:

1 and 2 side and front views in section of a known wooden drum for treating hides,

009825/137

yi-Z · ~ 5 ßi ^ e side view of a drum according to the invention for treating hides,

Fi C · ² ^ ^uni ^? schematic representations showing the spiral movement of the skins in the drum according to the invention,

Fig. 6 is a partially broken away side view showing Shows details of internal ribs and drainage device

Fig. 7 is a front view of the drum shown in Fig. 3 showing how the skins are made by the ribs the drum are rotated out when the drum is reversed for unloading, and

Fig. 8 is a sectional view along the line 8-8 in Fig. 6, seen in the direction of the arrows showing details of the drainage device.

1 and 2 show a drum 21 made of wood for treating hides, which according to the prior art is constructed. The skins are loaded into the drum 21 through an opening on the circumference of the drum and discharged from her. The opening is closed by a door 22. * The drum 21 is rotatably mounted on supports 23 .

Chemicals and treatment liquids are passed through a conduit 24 which coincides with the axis of rotation of the drum fed.

009825/1371

BAD ORKSINAt.

19589 ΊΟ

• -1ο-

The drive for the rotation of the drum 21 is not but V-belts are commonly used for this purpose. The one required to treat the skins mechanical work is carried out through a series of protruding edges 26. If the When the drum is rotated, the edges 26 pick up the skins and then leave them in one, similar to the process Churn or mill fall again.

This known drum has a number of limitations. As mentioned above, can't do more than that half the capacity of the drum can be used. Loading and unloading through the opening, which through the door being shot is a difficult and inconvenient process. The skins generally clog the opening during unloading. It is difficult to empty the fluids. If the door 22 is now through When a grid is replaced to remove liquid from the drum, the skins often cover the opening and prevent effective drainage. ,

In Fig. 3 is one according to an embodiment Drum 31 constructed of the invention is shown.

The drum ~ jA is an elongated drum which is arranged so that it can be rotated along an axis inclined to the horizontal and the vertical. With particular reference to FIG. 6, the drum is rotatable in a rear support 32 and a front support 33 golage ¹ **. The upper end of the drum rotates on rollers 34. It has an opening 36.

009825/1371

A drive motor? "Is connected to the drum in order to drive them at different speeds in both directions of rotation.

The inside of the drum has a plurality of spiral ribs 38. The ribs extend perpendicularly to the inner surface of the drum and are circumferentially spaced in spirals as shown to exert an efficient mixing and kneading effect on the present when the drum is rotated in one direction. When the drum is rotated in the opposite direction, the ribs rotate the skins from the drum through opening 36.

The inner edge of each rib 38 is, as in Fig. 8 ot. see, executed with a round bead 39, what about this contributes to the fact that a Z-tearing of the skins is prevented and whereby the skins near the foot of the ribs with come into contact with the inner surface of the drum.

The drum contains a plurality of circumferentially spaced drain openings 4-1. These drain holes 41 can also be provided at one or more locations along the length of the drum. To close the drainage openings 41 plugs 42 are used.

Each drainage opening is inside with a guard or grille 43, which acts as a sieve to prevent clogging. The grid 43 extends on the circumference the inside of the drum and is how it's best im

009825/1371

135891O

-AZ-

Cross-section can be seen in the lower part of Fig. 6, arched. This grid arrangement prevents clogging of the drainage openings and makes it possible that at any point on the underside of the drum the drainage can take place through the drainage openings. That means, that as a result of the grid 43 liquid through the grid and out of the drain hole without clogging can flow off as long as the drain opening is below the level of the treatment liquid ..

As best seen in FIGS. 3 and 7, a conveyor 46 can be positioned within opening 36 so that the skins H can be easily transported away from the drum without moving them by hand as they pass through Reversal of the direction of rotation as shown in Fig: » ψ_ , can be turned out of the drum ..

As also shown in Fig. 3, a conveyor 47, a debris bin or other automatic loading device to the upper end of the drum 3 ^ " leads his to load the drum automatically.

The mechanical processes produced by the invention are much better than those according to the Stanö. the t technology generated. As. shown in Figs. 4 and 5, the skins H are given a spiral movement, which can be seen as a continuous downhill fall. 3) ie Skins H are not picked up and dropped, like ' it is through the edges 26 of the well-known drum <feie case iLS't, As indicated above, this different mechanical operation has great advantages in accordance with the invention.

00982.5 / 137 1

The angle of inclination of the drum 31 can be changed and the spiral mixing process can still be generated. When the angle of inclination of the axis of rotation of the ^IJ drum with respect to the horizontal is increased, the capacity of the drum is increased. It is possible to use 80 to 85 $ of the volume of the drum for the pehandlimg of the hides. The angle of inclination with respect to the horizontal is only limited by the mechanical processes required for the skins. If the angle is too large, the drum will no longer be able to exert sufficient mechanical effects.

The drive motor 3? is preferably designed so that it drives the drum at different speeds of rotation i: i different stages of the treatment of the hides. It is desirable to keep the drum 3 ^ in the tanning process turn faster than some of the previous ones ^. action steps. A hydraulic drive motor, of a continuous change in speed and close control of the speed allows, can be used v / ground. As stated above, the drum 31 can be mounted on a mobile transport vehicle, v / ie a hanger, so that the drum can be brought directly to the slaughterhouse.

While preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, it will be understood that it varies and modified to ground. The invention is therefore not intended to be restricted to the precise details shown but is intended to include such changes and other forms as they come within the scope of the entire description and the claims fall.

009825/1371

BAD OB) QtNAi

Claims (1)

Patent to prii ehe 1. Method of treating animal hides in order to do this to convert into leather, characterized in that the skins are closed by an opening (36) at one end of a drum (31) »the other end of which is closed and the one at the inside has spiral ribs (38), and the drum in one direction around one Adse, which is inclined to the horizontal and the vertical, is rotated, with one end the drum (31) is facing upwards to achieve spiral movement of the skins in the drum. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that that one end of the drum remains open during the rotary movement, the angle of inclination of the axis of rotation, the size of the opening (35) and the action of the ribs (38) prevent the skins from moving out of the opening (36) during the rotational movement in one direction will. 3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the direction of rotation of the drum is reversed and thereby the skins through the opening (36) the action of the ribs (38). on the skins in the drum (31) are unscrewed. M, method according to claim 1, 2 or 3 »characterized in that during the rotary movement of the drum, skins and / or treatment liquid are supplied through the opening (36) of the drum. 009825/1371 5 »Method according to claim 4, characterized in that «While the drum (31) rotates, let the treatment liquid can flow from the underside of the drum. ■ 6 * method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that treatment liquid during the process drain from the drum and new treatment liquid is supplied to the drum ! can, making the skins of a range of different treatment fluids can be exposed to convert them into leather. 7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drum (31) is first supplied with water and the water can flow away from the underside of the drum during the rotary-T movement, the warnings quickly by means of the VJassers flowing through the drum Remove the skins while the skins are tossed. 8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drum is only partially filled with skins and treatment liquid, preferably to about 80% of its volume capacity, by adjusting the angle of inclination relative to the horizontal to a sufficient size, 9. Device for treating animal hides according to a method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that that it consists of an elongated drum (31) that is open at one end and closed at the other end. 009825/1371 which is rotatable about a relative to the horizontal .n rind the vertical, rene errte axis and has inner ribs (38) which are shaped so that when the drum rotates in one direction, a s-oirslipe movement of the Fcute is caused, and that it has a reversible drive motor (3 ⁷ ) for rotating the "drum (*!). 10. Apparatus according to claim 9? characterized, that the ribs (38) are arranged at a distance on the circumference, extending substantially perpendicularly from the inner wall of the drum (31) extend and the drum are arranged spirally, the inner Edge of each rib (38) has a round bead (3S), in order to prevent damage to the present day and to prevent the present day with the inner surface of the drum (~ 1) on Let the feet of the ribs (38) come into contact. 11. The device according to claim 9 or 1o, characterized in g-ekennzeic'hn'et., that drainage openings (^ 1) at the lower end the drum (31) are attached, with grid (43) Above the drainage openings (41) are arranged to a The drainage openings (41) are clogged with the skin to prevent. . . 12. The device according to claim "1, characterized j that plug (42) for closing the drainage openings (41) are provided. 009825/137 1 BAD ORfOIHM. Blank page