DE19531690A1 - Figurative designed solid and compacted multi-component mixtures from the field of detergents and cleaning agents and process for their preparation - Google Patents

Abstract

Solid and compacted multiple component mixtures of washing and cleaning products, in particular textile washing products, consist at least for the most part of pourable, bulk mixtures in the coarse particle range. These multiple component mixtures are characterised in that the coarse particle substance is shaped so as to form figures with a plate-like or flake-like structure. The ratio between the largest length or width (L) to the average plate thickness (1) is higher than 1.2, preferably at least 1.5. Also disclosed is a process for producing these figuratively designed multiple component mixtures, as well as corresponding multiple component, abrasion-resistant and pourable bulk washing and cleaning products, in particular textile washing products, that are free from dust and fine particles.

Description

The forms of supply on the market today mehrkom ponentiger detergent and cleaning agent in particular from the Area of textile detergents with compacted Good structure are on the one hand pourable and pourable granules or agglomerates with at least predominant portions of the multicomponent product in fine grain and on the other hand in particular in spherical form formed extrudate grains with average ball diameter in the millimeter range. Are known continue for the Use as machine dishwashing compacts in tablet form the spatially much larger training with tablet thickness and diameter in the centimeter range.

The below described technical teaching of the invention starts from the goal, solid condensed More component mixtures from the field of washing and cleaning to provide a spatial design that will last until the Not known in the field concerned today is. The teaching of the invention wants multi-component mixtures the area addressed here and in particular from the field solid compacted laundry detergent as a pour and trickle develop capable mix of coarse particle range, thereby but not on today's usual spherical or rounded  Cylinder shape be restricted. The following in the following derte teaching of the action according to the invention wants the opportunity open, the coarsely particulate compressed Mehrkomponententent in predeterminable form figurative and thus For example, a visual identifiability of the mix to enable the consumer.

Subject of the invention

The teaching according to the invention accordingly relates in one First embodiment solid compressed multi-component mixtures from the field of detergents and cleaners, in particular Laundry detergent, wherein in an important embodiment these multicomponent mixtures at least predominantly as bulk and flowable mix of the coarse particle range are present. The teaching of the invention is characterized in that the grossly particulate good at least partially in figurative formed plate or disk structure is formed, where: The ratio of greatest length or Width of the respective individual invention ausgebil Particle of the coarse particle area to its by average platelet or slice thickness is in numbers values above 1.2. In the following description of the invention is used for determining the greatest length or width of in the particle "L" and for the corresponding particle Platelet or slice thickness uses the symbol "l". In According to the invention preferred embodiments are according to the Teaching the invention figuratively shaped coarse particles with Plätt or disk structure by numerical values of at least 1.5 to the ratio (L) / (l).

The figure figured out in a predetermined manner according to the invention formed compacts can be the multi-component recyclable material in its entirety, but it is also possible  in that the figuratively shaped coarse particulate Kompaktate in mixture with non-figurative molded Shares of the multicomponent mixture are present. details see below.

In an important embodiment of the invention relates to the new Teach a multicomponent pourable and free-flowing washing and Detergents, in particular laundry detergents, the high Density with good dissolubility even in cold water connects and thereby increased freedom in the choice of value and, if necessary. Excipients allows. The teaching according to the invention is here characterized in that it is resistant to abrasion, dust and Fines free good of the subsequent room structure is formed:

• - Adhesive compacted core of one or more value and / or adjuvants which are soluble in aqueous liquor and / or finely dispersed are insoluble, this Core provided with platelet or disc basic structure and is designed in a predetermined manner as a figure - in hereinafter also referred to as "core material" -
• - This core material is at least partially enveloped by a blend of equal and / or further value and Excipients with - based on the diameter of the core materials - lower individual particle size - in hereinafter also referred to as "shell substance" -,
• - wherein these particles of the shell substance with concomitant use one in cold water and at room temperature solid binder - hereinafter also referred to as "binder" referred to each other and to the outer surface of the core materials are bound.

The teaching of the invention finally relates to a white In another embodiment, the method for producing the in the sense Formed or figurative from the previous definition formed compacted multi-component mixtures from the field the value and / or auxiliary substances of detergents and cleaners, in particular corresponding laundry detergents.

Details of the teaching of the invention

The respectively determined spatial form according to the invention figuratively trained compactates and their determination parameters in the sense of the definition according to the invention are immediately understandable from the representation of the method principle for their preparation:
For the preparation of the predetermined figured trained particles of the coarse material range is a flowable under pressure preparation of the corresponding fine material - preferably in admixture with liquid flow, lubricants and / or binders - pressed by hole forming the desired figurative design. The emerging strand is zer reduced by knock granulation zer and dried the formed granules without substantial rounding off. Formed coarse particles of the compressed multicomponent mixture are formed in this way, which have the predeterminable shape in a vertical view to the platelet-shaped or disk-shaped basic structure of the individual particles.

In the individual choice of the predetermined figurative Aus Design of the single particle is the teaching of the invention - taking into account the general knowledge of the professional world the area affected here - largely free. The predeterminable figurative design is through the hole shape for the off pressing the strand-shaped primary material determined. Ent speaking techniques are the experts from completely different area  - for example from the field of figu renaturally formed pasta - known. The invention sets this knowledge now for the spatial aesthetic design compacted multi-component mixtures from the washing and detergents and in particular the laundry detergents. The selected room form can be concrete and / or off Strict figure templates match, as is the case here addressed technology in the completely different one addressed Areas is basically known.

Decisive, the teaching of the invention, however, is not characterized by these more aesthetically artistic aspects are essential for the technical realization of the inventions to the invention conception shown in the following concrete working parameters for technical action. The reason for this is that in the desired new spatial form to be brought multicomponent composite material must be primarily characterized by its here in use required high-specific requirements. By way of example only:
In use, the multicomponent mixture must meet the required performance requirements, for example in textile washing. The recyclable material is thus characterized by the extensive expertise available today in this special field. The compressed by the shaping processing process more component material must have sufficiently spontaneous solubility on access of water - preferably even in the cold wash liquor - have. Nevertheless, sufficiently strong cohesion of the dry multicomponent product is necessary in order nevertheless to impart sufficient stability of the primary form under the stresses of the packaging, the blending with further, if necessary coarse-grained recyclable materials and the stresses during transport and use, even to these comparatively complex figures. Again, in the present invention concerned important area requirement that the solid material should be formed in the range of room temperature, even with prolonged storage in wesent union tack-free, in order to close unwanted Ver and thus obstruction in the dosage from. The following description of essential parameters of the teaching of the invention shows how the inventive objective is technically feasible without having to give up the aspired degree of freedom in the spatial aesthetic staltung of the individual multicomponent particles.

For the basic structure of the disk or platelet-shaped formed Einzelchens within the meaning of the teaching of the invention with predeterminable shaping, the following preferred apply Dimensional parameters: the largest length or width (L) of the indi viduellen particle in plan view should be in the range of about 1.2 to 20 mm, with further preferred ranges for this parameter (L) in the range of about 1.5 to 12 mm and ins special in the number range of 4 to 10 mm. The respectively associated disc or plate thickness (l) is in the coming zugten embodiment below and that expediently clearly below the associated parameter (L) in the indivi duel particles, here in adaptation to the size of the figurative shaped area numerical values for (l) expedient way below 5 mm, and preferably in the range of about 0.5 to 3 mm. Further preferred for these values is (l) the number range of 0.7 to 2.5 mm. In particular, lies the Thickness of the individual shaped particle at most about 1.5 to 2 mm. Particularly preferred values for (I) can be found in Range from 0.8 to 1.5 mm.

In particular, for the sufficiently trouble-free manufacturability and / or the adequate storage stability of the dried up Individually shaped particles can match the ratio of  Take parameters of (L) / (l) meaning. Preferred numerical values for this ratio (L) / (L) are at least 2 and purpose moderately in the range of about 3 to 20. Numerical values in Be rich from 4 to 15 and especially from about 4 to 10 - z. B. Numerical values of the ratio discussed here in the range of 4 to 8 - are particularly preferred.

For manufacturing, storage stability and use characteristics of the figuratively trained Mehrkomponen mixtures of mixtures may have the following further determination parameters important importance. The compression of the Mehrkompo Nentengemisches in the extrusion step is preferably carried out under such conditions that the true density of each affected individual particles at values of at least 1 g / cm³ and preferably at values above this number limit. Be particularly preferred ranges for the true density of the respective For example, single particles range from 1.2 to 2.5 g / cm³ and more particularly in the range of about 1.35 to 1.55 g / cm³. The individual figure-like interior design of this condensed Einzelteilchen then determines, however - just because of her Comparatively more complex spatial picture - the bulk densities of the individual solid material based on a variety of such identically shaped particles. The teaching of the invention provides here in particular, bulk densities for the figurative formed gross particulate good of at least 350 g / l einzu with corresponding bulk densities in the range of 400 to 900 g / l and especially those in the range of 500 to 750 g / l may be particularly preferred. This one last given determination parameters are especially important if the intended for distribution and use finished goods finally or at least the predominant part of ent speaking figuratively trained multi-component compact data is formed.  

However, the teaching according to the invention is not incorporated limits. In an important embodiment it is provided Figurative pronounced compactates in the sense of the invention according to the definition in admixture with other fine and / or coarse particulate recyclables or valuable mixtures of the here to use the subject area. Fall into the According to the teaching of the invention corresponding blends, in which the figuratively designed in a certain way Kompaktate in the sense of the definition according to the invention if necessary. only present in very small quantities. The figurative trained share of the mix then still makes its visual identifiability and thus one for the consumer important assignment of the overall good to origin, type and / or Efficacy possible.

More important, however, are usually mixtures of substances, in those according to the invention formed coarsely particulate Proportions at least about 10 to 25 weight percent, and preferably make up at least 35 to about 50 wt .-% of the mix. Particularly important may be appropriate substance mixtures, in which the proportion of inventively Figured out staltet particles which represents at least predominant amount.

The teaching of the invention comprises mixtures in which figur Lich shaped coarse particles in the sense of the configuration presented here in admixture with non-figurative shaped portions of the multicomponent mixture are present. These further components can be used as finely particulate - in particular pulverulent - Good and / or as well as coarse particulate Good, z. B. in the form of conventional granules, Agglo merate and / or in particular rounded extrudates. Particular importance may be attached to embodiments in which figuratively shaped coarse particulate fractions according to the invention are combined with preferably minor amounts of spherically formed fractions of the total required multicomponent mixture and, if appropriate, fractions of fine-grained material are also added. Immediately understandable is the following example:
Highly conductive modern laundry detergents of today's co-composition contain minor amounts of recyclables - for example washing and cleaning-active enzyme compounds - which are not homogenized but are added in spatially separated form the detergents and cleaners. For example, the addition of corresponding spherically formed enzyme granules is customary here. The teaching of the invention provides for the possibility of appropriate interference of such components in the figuratively predetermined multicomponent mixture before, regardless of the question of how high the percentage of the entire multi-component detergent and cleaning agent is selected by the figuratively shaped moldings. Another example is the following: The desired today bulk density increase market standard detergent granules is achieved by the increasingly compact grain structure, which, however - may be associated with an increasing Lösever delay - as a negative side effect. This undesirable phenomenon can in particular occur very strongly depending on the formulation and thus make it difficult to make free formulations. The older German patent application of the applicant according to DE 1 95 19 139 (H 1775) proposes to solve the conflict between high Verdich processing level of the mixture of materials, in particular by extrusion, on the one hand and the nevertheless required rapid, in particular gel-free solubility of this recyclable good already in the early phase of a washing process, granular detergents or cleaning agents having a bulk density above 600 g / l to design such that at least two different granular components are provided in the material to be used more material, of which at least one extruded and at least one is not extruded. The extruded component (s) should be present in amounts of from 30 to 85% by weight, based on the total agent.

Based on the previously presented invention staltung the extruded and thereby in predeterminable form figuratively designed share is derived as an important Possibility for the teaching of the invention, the mixing of these According to the invention shaped extrudates with non-extruded Good share, the fine grain structure or coarse grain structure can have. The mixing ratios of the respective Shares are regulated within wide limits, with the previously specified numerical ranges reference can. It is crucial for the inventive design in all embodiments involved here: the visual impression of the multicomponent mixture is - with a suitable choice of inventions according to the figurative predetermined proportion of coarse grain - decision dend by this figuratively shaped recycled material be Right. For the characteristic character of a corresponding Multi-component good is thus on the affected here Ar a previously unknown form of supply create.

With reference to the blends just described, the following also applies:
The components of the solid detergents and cleaners which are not specifically shaped can be in the form of a separate blending component (s) from the figured component. On the other hand, however, it may also be provided in particular to connect such additional portions with the figuratively shaped coarse parts at least partially adherent. Understandably, suitable proportions of the non-specifically shaped fine-particulate area are of course available here.

In preferred embodiments of such with respect to their indivi Dusty particulate form rather complex substance blends are off preferred embodiments according to the teaching of the invention, characterized by a coarse particulate fraction of the mix of at least 50% by weight and preferably at least 60% to 70% by weight. In this definition refer the indicated weight% numbers or ranges on the Gesamtge weight of the multicomponent mixture. Within this roughly par ticular range, it may further be preferred that it the figuratively shaped grossparticular good in the sense of according to the invention definition to at least 50 wt .-% and before at least 70% by weight is present, but here wt% based on the gross particulate fraction. As already stated, However, the teaching according to the invention does not restrict itself to this, also the presence of a subordinate crowd of figu renally trained good - especially for visual identities Tifizierbarkeit the mixed material - in admixture with others Mixture ingredients falls within the scope of the invention Teaching. By appropriate selection and adaptation of each mitein coarse and, if necessary, fine particles are to be combined optimal stabilization of such a mixture also in the State in which the different spatial Ausgestal forms of the total present solid components are stabilized largely unmixed.

An important further complex of possible variations lies in the following configurations:
The inventively formed figured solid fractions can be formed uniformly in the respective mixed material according to shape, size, composition and / or color or in at least one of these para meters non-uniform. It is immediately obvious that in turn multifarious Frees open up for individual design of Mischpro products that meet predetermined technical Anforderungskatalogen and / or aesthetic requirements. Details of particularly important embodiments will be given below.

For each specific embodiment of figurative vorbe agreed spatial form in terms of particles formed according to the invention the very broad range is more concrete and / or abstract ter representations of freely selectable objects. Only By way of example, here are some of such areas with selected named corresponding concrete forms. Of course that is inventive teaching not limited thereto.

The figurative designed Mehrstoffkompaktate in the sense of teachings according to the invention can, for example, star-shaped or in the spatial form of other celestial bodies, especially the moon, be designed. Numerous special designs fall in these two collective terms. Representations of plants or Plant parts can be the basis for interesting spatial forms his. Examples include: leaf and / or flower shape, Mushrooms, tree profiles and the like. A big and a lot shaped area for the figurative design of the Kom pacts in the sense of the invention are forms of space that adhere to lean on the animal representation. As examples are named here: Fish, butterflies, birds, rabbits, elephants or shells. A completely different area in a simple spatial representation opens up through everyday objects For example, shirts and / or pants, shoes and the like. a however, formidable spatial forms can also be abstract representations as examples may be mentioned here: diamonds, cylinders, Pyramids, ovals, drops and the like. Further examples the daily confrontation with given spatial forms, the can be implemented within the scope of the teaching of the invention, are  corresponding representations of houses, flags, cars, flight witness and the like.

For a particularly important embodiment of the invention Teaching may be interesting indoors figu reindeer trained surface one or more hole shapes watch the circular but also in any other form can be designed. For example, here is the Taken in the shape of a star, in its center a circular hole having. Other examples of this are about ladder-shaped designed compacts, discs with hole-shapes (s) in slices inner and the like. The technical realization of such figuratively shaped spatial body by extrusion is in known manner becomes possible on the relevant expertise directed. For the field of the invention, the here last mentioned embodiment of figurative ausgebil compacts for a variety of reasons especially be interesting: first of all will be through this extra Hole shape in the particle interior the surface of the compacted Particles enlarged again, so that is an additional Solution for the early phase of the use of extrudate ensured. A completely different point of view can at least equal or even greater technical significance In the embodiments of the teaching according to the invention, the figuratively designed Mehrstoffkompaktate in Ab Mixture with additional solids used, can by this spatial form of figuratively trained Shares increased stability against unwanted segregation in the condition of storage and transport of the solid be given mixtures. For example, according to the invention disk-shaped or platelet-shaped parts with hole Shape inside the disc when mixing with spherical trained solid components to an effective Stabilization of a once set mixing state of  Contribute solid components. But also the uniform Ver Separation of separate solid fines and in the following still mentioned preferred at least partially Solidification of these fine parts on the figurative ausgebil The particle space shape can be enhanced by the one mentioned here additional design of these last-named particles be relieved.

A particularly interesting application of the invention Ar Principle of operation may be in the following embodiment: Fixed free-flowing detergent mixtures and esp Special corresponding textile detergents are known to be high Complex blends of a variety of recyclables with vor certain effects in the context of the overall work in progress process. The main components such as builders / cobuilders, surfactants, Alkalysierungsmitteln is a variety of other active or Recyclables added as defoamer or damping agent the foaming, so-called Soil Repellents, H₂O₂-containing Bleaching agents of the type of perborate compounds and / or Percarbonate compounds, bleach activators, which are usually by Abreaktion with the H₂O₂ in the aqueous wash liquor inter medically form peracids, the already named enzymes and the same. Recyclables of this kind are either as such the Substance mixture added or often in the form of soge mixed compounds with shares of other valuable materials used. The invention in its diversity virtually unlimited opportunity for visual identification certain proportions of the mixture of substances creates the Possibility, type and / or quantity determined identifiable Mixing components of the total mixture visually perceptible do. So can the different mix ingredients or corresponding compounds according to shape and / or color against be designed differently from each other. For the viewer, the sufficient about the composition of the individual particles  is taught, it opens up the possibility of statements to the composition of the multicomponent mixture and its to make a potential impact.

The method for producing the invention figürlich predetermined and shaped granules is based on the EP-B-0 486 592, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference also expressly the subject of the present Er disclosure is made. Described are in this fundamental right to manufacture compacted Multicomponent mixtures of the subject matter of the invention by extrusion and knock granulation in subsequent Rounding granular, extruded detergents or cleaners with bulk densities above 600 g / l, the anionic and / or nonionic surfactants in amounts of at least 15% by weight and contain up to about 35 wt .-%. For their production is a solid, free-flowing premix containing a plasticizing and / or Lubricant contains, at high pressures between 25 and 200 bar strand-pressed, the strand after emerging from the hole shape by means of a cutting device on the predetermined granules dimension and then the rounding step to Subjected to ball education.

The method according to the invention is based on the disclosure this pre-publication. The by hole forming the ge wished figurative configuration will be compressed strand - taking into account the previously defined ratios of (L) / (l) - comminuted by knock granulation. That so formed granules will now but without substantial rounding off dried. The composition of the finely divided Good to use and in particular the type and quantity of flow and Glide aid on the one hand and the conditions of the strand shaped compression - especially extrusion pressure and -tem on the other hand, so coordinated that the  subsequent drying of the knocking granules without substantial Form change is possible. This drying will be be preferably in the fluidized bed. To those in the respective Case-by-case process parameters apply here common expertise.

In a particularly interesting embodiment of the invention According to modern teaching, it is possible already the preparation of ver pressed strands in the presence of water-soluble and in particular make cold water-soluble binders, if necessary. Without to use the intensive mixing of the extruder technology. Corresponding Gutstränge example, by means of be knew technology of pellet press manufactured and then ent speaking into the figuratively preformed granules cut up particles and added to the corresponding solid to be dried.

In a particularly important and in the following detail described embodiment is ge of elements use makes detail in detail in the older German Patent application of the applicant according to DE 1 95 24 287.4 (H 1988) are described. The disclosure of this application is hereby expressly the subject of the present Er disclosure disclosure.

Described in this earlier patent right is the possibility a comparatively coarse and in particular spherical Core of the multi-material with additionally required fines the multi-substance mixtures in the sense of a shell agglomeration too unite. The fines are underlaid as shell substance Use of a preferably cold water-soluble binder on a preformed relatively coarsely divided carrier core solidified the multicomponent mixture. The teaching of the invention extends the disclosure of said earlier application according to  DE 195 24 287.4 (H 1988) to the effect that now as a carrier core the pri produced in a predetermined figurative design märgut at least with the still required fine grain fractions of Multi-component mixture (shell substance) by means of the water-soluble binder (binder) is firmly bonded. By suitable concise figurative design of the carrier core serving primary material within the meaning of the teaching of the invention can be considerable amounts of fines on the Solidify surface of this carrier grain without a basic low impact on the memorable visual design of the carrier grain trigger.

For the purpose of completing the disclosure of the invention - with reference to the disclosure of the prior message DE 1 95 24 287.4 (H 1988) - also for the technical Ver Realization of the teaching according to the invention essential (part) Elements described below. This is invented according to the invention, figuratively designed "carrier grain" also referred to as "nuclear material". The at least one Proportion of the surface of the core material applied fine more complex components are referred to as "shell substance" and the solidified at room temperature used for its solidification and preferably also cold water soluble binders referred to as "binder".

The teaching according to the invention in the preferred embodiment guideway form that gelatin when entering water and / or only slowly soluble components of the multicomponent mixtures to little most of them are part of the encapsulating substance, in which case these proportions each with predeterminable indivi dueller particle size are incorporated into the shell substance. you Cohesion is here by the at room temperature and the in the practice occurring moderately elevated temperatures solid Bin ders guaranteed. Upon entry of water, the binder dissolves  even at the temperatures usual cold tap water. The isolated in the encasing substance by the binder and separated from each other slowly soluble and possibly vergelenden Solid particles disperse in the liquor without coagulating or otherwise the flushing and / or washing process. By the following geschil additional measures - for example, the use of Dis pergents and / or solvents - this process of the Disintegration of the shell substance into individualized Feinstteilchen be promoted almost arbitrarily.

The nature and especially the solubility of the core materials, which is present as a highly compacted good, become like that chosen that disabilities of the dissolubility and dispersion of the multicomponent mixture are excluded.

In particular, in the shell substance can almost any fine Partial to dust-like components presented and solidified then, after their release through the primary step the dissolution of the binder, the subtask to which it belongs Can fulfill the framework of the washing and cleaning process. It It immediately becomes clear that as constituents of the encapsulating substance not Only selected individual components are suitable for use can here in particular arbitrarily selected and zusammenge Multi - fuel compounds come in the form of the preferably spherical dry material of adjacent particles separated and thus protected against undesired interaction are. Such finely divided multi-substance compounds in the shell substance can be coordinated so that predetermined technical effects at and / or after their dissolution in the Wash liquor can run in optimized form.

The assortment of solid core material - carrier grain - is also within the scope of the available here  Multi-component mixtures in a relatively broad range variable and selectable. The choice of the Kom is dominated here component (s) on the one hand by the requirement of a sufficient Solubility during the washing process - without, for example To cause difficulties by gelling - on the other by superordinate concepts of an example regarding the pH of the wash liquor multi-stage washing and cleaning supply process. The carrier grain can be determined from a determined selected component, but especially from accordingly selected and compacted Mehrkomponentenge consist of mixing. Further details can be found in the following details of the teaching of the invention.

In the following, first of all, the three essentials are discussed union determining elements for the inventive action gone: the core material - also called "carrier grain" -, the shell substance or the shell substance to be used Components and finally the binder / binder for the cup-shaped wrapping of the carrier grain.

Nuclear material / carrier grain and its production

This inner core of each individual grain of invented The multicomponent mixture according to the invention can itself be 1-component or be formed mehrkomponentig. As a rule, a substantial share - preferably the majority - of the total grain is formed by the carrier grain is its sufficient compaction a co-determining element. For the Core material are bulk densities of at least 450 g / l and in particular of at least 500 to 600 g / l preferred. Upper Limits may be, for example, from 1,300 to 1,500 g / l or even above that. Nevertheless, the predictable To ensure the water solubility of this core material adjustable.  

The core material makes up at least about 35 to 40% by weight of the Ge velvet mixture. In the most important embodiments, the by weight, at least about 50% by weight of the core material Wt .-% of the total blend, with particular importance Be rich of about 55 to 90 wt .-% may come - wt .-% here too as before based on the entire multi-substance mixture.

The core material is 1-component or multi-component forms and is thereby formed at least substantial proportion of water-soluble and / or finely dispersed in water anor ganic and / or organic components of conventional detergents and cleaners. By way of example only, suitable builders and / or cobuilders, alkalizing agents, temperature-stable bleaching agents based on hydrogen peroxide, such as perborate compounds, may be mentioned here from the field of laundry detergents. Other examples are at least largely gel-free lös Liche surfactant compounds, in particular corresponding Anionten side and / or nonionic surfactants, but also a plurality of other üb Licher small components of laundry detergents that can safely the loads of a sufficient compression step, for example, by extrusion, can be exposed. In principle, the carrier grain in the context of the invention can be constructed from the group of valuable materials, which are provided in the beginning he mentioned earlier German patent application DE 1 95 19 139 (H 1795) as components for extrusion and there with non-extruded granular further components of Washing and cleaning agent mixtures are mixed. The Einzelkom components should be soluble in the aqueous phase and / or finely dispersed insoluble. In the following, a summary of suitable components will be given. First of all a number of suitable components for the construction of the core material / carrier grain are enumerated by way of example only, with the exception of the technical knowledge.
Inorganic soluble or finely disperse detergent components such as builder main components - for example, zeolite compounds of the zeolite A, X and / or P, Alka lisierungsmittel such as soda and water glass, sufficiently stable carrier salts for hydrogen peroxide, for example Natriumper borate salts, but also inorganic salts as Auxiliary components, for example sodium sulfate. Suitable organic components may be sufficiently soluble antionic surfactants, for example of the alkylbenzenesulfonate type, or else comparatively short-chain alkyl sulfate salts. Nion-surfactant compounds in limited quantities, which in particular associate fatty alcohol residues with oligo-EO residues, are also suitable mixing components for the core material. Compounds of this type are usually free-flowing components at room temperature, which are accordingly mixed only in limited amounts in the solid core material. Also, soap as another surfactant compound is a ge suitable ingredient for the structure of the core material.

Other organic compound components of the carrier grain are For example, co-builder components which are blended with the Main Builder component to train the builder system. typical Examples include compounds of the type of Trina triumcitrats and / or polymeric polycarboxylates, such as sodium salts the polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, their copolymers and / or their copolymers with maleic acid.

Other constituents of the core material can be readily water-soluble and / or solubilizing organic components such as Polyethylene glycol and / or derivatives thereof, their on the one hand multifunctionality in the production of high-density teten preparation forms of the core material and its re resolution in the aqueous liquor. But also Kleinkom components, whose use among comparatively sharp ones Conditions of compression of the carrier material harmless  is, may be part of the core material / carrier grain. For example, here are the known brightener named in the field of laundry detergents.

The enveloping substance and the way it is applied

The enveloping substance can be immediately adherent to the carrier grain be connected. But it is also possible one or more Separating layers between the carrier grain and the enveloping substance provided. This latter case, however, is only then have meaning when talking about the selection and condition the components of the shell substance special effects in the prak which should cause a delay in the dissolution of the carrier grain desirable. Only exemplary here is the multi-stage textile laundry with temporal Control of the introductory stage (s) mentioned. release layers of the species affected here can also be a whole other practical meaning: With a suitable selection of the Interface material, this can be the resolution of the carrier grain favor or accelerate in the aqueous liquor. Valid This can be especially for such support materials, the are not free of gel-forming surfactant compounds and in the Production of the carrier material, a solution-impeding retaliation Surfactant layer at least in the outer shell of the carrier grain have trained.

Usually, however, the immediate order is the envelope substance to be provided on the carrier grain. The envelope substance can, as already stated, single-layer or more be applied layered. Again, this is usually the case technically more modest order of the single-layer shell sub punch the preferred embodiment.  

The coating substance applied to the carrier grain consists of it on the one hand from the in comparison to the carrier grain usually feintei ligeren fixed value and, if necessary, excipients, so if necessary. to be mixed flowable value and / or auxiliaries and the used as agglomeration aid, in cold water soluble and at room temperature solid binder. This last one Component will be described in a separate paper below described individually, so that initially only the value and if necessary. Auxiliary substances of the coating substance is received, the solidified by means of the binder on the carrier grain shell-shaped become.

As solid components of the coating substance, in particular one or more of the following are present: dust and / or fines or comminuted for fineness Proportions of the core material; slowly soluble and / or forgiving Components in the form of selected 1-substances and / or in form preformed multi-substance compounds; usual ingredients, ins special also small components of washing and cleaning as far as they are compatible with the conditions of compression of the Nuclear material should not be suspended; if necessary also in cold water quickly soluble components for rapid Konditio ning the wash liquor and / or the goods to be cleaned in an early phase of the washing process; Reactive components for after following reaction with other reactive components of the More mixtures of substances which are stored in the solid material of the corresponding reactive components with sufficient Security should be stored separately. The here darge put different groups for the solid compo Neten the coating substance are exemplified below explained. Taking into account general knowledge this results in further lessons for the development of the Recyclable mixtures according to the invention.  

In a first embodiment, the solid components become the enveloping substance through the core material or at least through formed substantial proportions of the core material values. The Shell substance differs from nuclear material in size the solid particles to be compared. These Embodiment may be meaningful, for example, if known mixtures of washing and cleaning means are to be transferred into determined shaped space body. Textile detergent mixtures are still overflowing today weighing in the form of pourable and pourable powder or Part agglomerates offered a very broad grain spectrum of Include individual particles. Textile detergent mixtures of this type In particular, they often contain substantial amounts of dust Sharing in practical use too unwanted harassment being able to lead. Promote the fines present at the same time - For example, in conditions of increased humidity - the unwanted clumping process of the dry recyclable material mix, for example, the portioning of household detergents with prolonged use of a detergent pack hamper or complicate. The inventively provided Offer form of multi-substance blends with solid and preferential wise not sticky outer surface with simultaneous choice of individual particle size and shape in the millimeter range excludes handicaps of the kind described.

The teaching of the invention provides in the next embodiment, the use of only slowly soluble and / or vergelenden components and / or multi-component compounds as a solid content of the encasing substance. Merely by way of example, surface-active valuable substances of the type of fatty alcohol sulfates, in particular straight-chain FA radicals, for example of the range C _{14-18, are mentioned here} . The teaching of the invention provides here, on the separate storage of these problem components in the shell substance and the invention possible selection and predetermination of the individual particle size of these problem components to ensure the adequately finely dispersed distribution of these shares in the aqueous fleet even if no additional union measures of solubilization or Ver gelungre restriction be taken. In important Ausfüh tion forms can also be provided here, these Pro blemkomponenten with the help of, for example Lösungsver intermediaries - to work up to Mehrstoffcompounds - such as the type fatty alcohol Oligoethoxylate and then build them finely separated from each other and separated from other ingredients in the encasing substance and here to store. It is clear that here substantial help for the dispersion and dissolution of such problem components can be given by the teaching of the invention.

A next group of possible blend components of the envelope Substance are other common ingredients, especially Small components of detergents and cleaners, the Ar Beitsbedingungen the compression of the core material is not sufficient should be set. Components of this type often fall in Form of the finest solid products. Your training in the Covering substance eliminates otherwise possibly occurring problems. On a special feature in this context is already here go: Corresponding particular dusty or very fine Particulate constituents of the multicomponent valuable mixture can be added to the flowable preparation of the binder and be dissolved therein, dispersed and / or emulsified and in of this form are registered in the shell substance.

Another example of possible mixing components of Enveloping substance is given when the washing and cleaning procedure should be carried out in several stages. Such Example is, for example, if the textile laundry in a timely to be predefined, for example under other pH  Values of the wash liquor should be carried out as the post following main wash. So it may be desirable that Main wash under comparatively stronger alkaline conditions conditions a pre-wash step under weaker alkaline Be conditions or even in the neutral range or weakly acidic range upstream. By suitable choice of appropriate recyclables to regulate the pH in the shell substance, if necessary in Combination with a delay in the dissolution of the core material is the wide variation of the working parameter mentioned here possible. Further examples of this stepwise design lie in a previous conditioning of the wash liquor and / or the textile material to be cleaned by the concomitant use of particularly fast acting binders for water hardness, the Release of particularly strong wetting and de-aerating Surfactant contents in the early phase of the washing process and the same. Again, the teaching of the invention opens under Consideration of general technical knowledge particularly easy way to achieve this Variants.

Finally, another example of the disconnected situation tion of individual components in the encasing substance: Important can be a spatial separation of selected resources then also be in the solid multicomponent mixture if poten Tielle reactive components in the blend together to Ein but their reaction only in the aqueous Phase should take place. A typical example of this is the Use of bleaching components based on hydrogen containing peroxide salts, such as the type of corresponding Perboratverbindungen and / or percarbonate compounds a on the one hand, and the simultaneous use of so-called Bleach activators based on components used in the Wash liquor under access of H₂O₂ form peracids. He inventive teaching provides optimized opportunities for the same  early incorporation of these reactive components to the exclusion of premature Abreaktion in solid matter before.

The proportion of shell substance is in here addressed Embodiments preferably at least about 5 to 10 wt .-% and especially at least about 20 to 25 wt .-% - wt .-% based on the entire multi-substance mixture. If the shell substance quite can account for more than half of the total mix, so However, it can be assumed in important embodiments be that the shell substance maximally about 50 wt .-% of More substance mixture forms. In specific embodiments have become For example, corresponding quantity ranges of the shell substance of about 20 to 45 wt .-% and in particular from about 25 to 35 wt .-% proved to be very advantageous - wt .-% as defined above.

As stated previously, the solid components of Enveloping substance with average particle sizes - determined as Screen numbers - used, which are smaller than the middle Particle size or the individual particle size of the Core material / carrier grain. In this way it is ensured that in the process of coating the core material, the Aus formation of the shell substance in the sense of a shell agglomeration takes place around the carrier core. Suitable mean particles sizes (screening numbers) for the solid components of the Hüllsub are in accordance with the particle sizes of the Use of incoming carrier grain - especially the following Values: preferably <0.8 mm, preferably <0.6 mm and in particular <0.5 mm. A limitation of the particle size at the bottom for these particulates the shell substance separates usually off. Even the finest dust particles can be part of it the encapsulant and / or by means of the flowable binder be registered in the envelope substance.  

According to the invention, it is also provided in particular in the Solid components of the coating substance flow at room temperature to absorb eligible recyclables. Examples are here named corresponding liquid Niotensidverbindungen but also Auxiliaries of a completely different kind. An example here are silicone oils, which is known as a foam brake or part of the foam brake can be used in textile detergent blends. he According to the invention, it may be preferable to a premature Spread of such flowable auxiliaries by their Zuberei processing and incorporation in the form of selected multi-substance compounds submissions. In this way, for example, an undesirable Lö delay of the already slowly soluble and / or under Gelling soluble anionic surfactants are counteracted.

The solid and, if necessary, incorporated therein flowable value and / or auxiliaries from the shell substance are in the finished Form of preparation of the figuratively shaped granules in intimate Blend with the solid at room temperature binder and ins special enveloped by this at least for the most part connected with each other. This bond is the shell substance Particles preferably together so sufficiently stable out staltet that a significant abrasion of fines among the Conditions of transport, storage and application of the granular Good exits. On the other hand, it may be preferable the amount of on the solid particles of the shell substance restricting binder so that at least proportionately in this outer shell but also a microporous Good structure is maintained, the rapid penetration of the aqueous promotes phase in the Hüllsubstanz. These in particular Embodiments preferred embodiment of the envelope substance is but not mandatory.

The order of the finely divided shell substance components on the Surface of the carrier core and its connection thereto as well  together with the consequent use of the following The binder substance (s) is expediently in the form that the finely divided components of the coating substance under Mit Use of a flowable binder phase by granulation or agglomeration applied to the carrier grain and there be solidified. Particularly suitable here is the Implementation of this process step in the sense of a melt agglomeration or melt granulation, wherein the higher Temperatures heated and molten binder as flowable Phase is used. Details will be given in later specified. The order procedure of the envelope However, substance is not on this melt agglomeration or -granulation restricted, also other wet processes are suitable. The shell substance can, for example under Mit Use of a binder phase are formed in the aqueous Preparations - solutions and / or emulsions - of the binder for Use come. Here is usually followed by a following drying step to the formation of the cladding layer on. For details, see below.

The binder used in the formation of the encasing substance

Two important requirements for the binder have already been defined at the beginning: The binder should be a solid component at room temperature, but at the same time be soluble in cold water. Furthermore:
As binder certain selected components or multi-component mixtures can be used, which meet the poly-functional and initially described meaning of this component. Particularly suitable in this context are organic components having softening and / or melting points not below 45 ° C and preferably of at least 60 ° C, with a further preferred lower limit for the softening and / or melting points of the binder substance being at least 75 ° C ,

As binders, especially organic components and in turn, in particular, film-forming organic components be particularly suitable, as such or in admixture with excipients, such as dispersants and / or Lösungsver middle, can be used. The used as a binder Components can in the context of conventional washing and Reinigungsmitmit telgemische an eigenfunction - for example, as a co-builder or as a solvent and dispersing aid - come, there are but also components in the sense of the invention as a binder suitable, the no usual components of washing and / or Cleaning agents are.

A particularly suitable class of organic and thereby be preferably film-forming binders are water-soluble and / or water-dispersible oligomer and / or polymer compounds synthetic, semi-synthetic and / or natural origin. The relevant literature has been particularly related to water soluble polymer compounds from the recent past with reference to the US patent literature detailed. Reference is made in this connection to the book release Y. Meltzer "WATER-SOLUBLE POLYMERS" Developments Since 1978, NOYES DATA CORPORATION, New Jersey, USA (1981). Reference is made here in particular to the abstract in the chapter Market Survey a. a. O., pages 5 to 15. For the purpose of disclosure here the most important classes of water-soluble polymer ver combined, which basically also in the sense of use according to the invention as binder component - under  Consideration of general expertise - to be used can.

Acrylamide polymers, acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid polymers and copolymers with further, in particular, free carboxy groups containing components such as maleic acid, ethylene oxide polymers or polyethylene glycols and their reaction products, Polymer compounds based on carbohydrate compounds of the kind of the Guar gum as well as Hetropolysaccaride of the kind of the Gum Arabic or gum tragacanth, galacto-mannan polymers of the type of locust bean gum, water-soluble cellulose derivatives for example, the nature of the alkylcelluloses, hydroxyalkyl celluloses, carboxymethylcelluloses and the like. poly ethyleneimines, polyvinyl alcohol and water-soluble vinyl alcohol Copolymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone and starch and water-soluble Starch derivatives. The term defined here of Polymerver In all cases, the corresponding bonds exclude corresponding oligomers compounds of comparatively lower molecular weight, as far as these components are within the scope of the invention disclosure described requirements for the binder and its own fulfill their obligations. Also to that extent can on the general Expertise.

Particularly suitable cold water soluble and nonetheless at Room temperature solid binder components can be used in the field of Cobuilder known starch degradation products and / or (meth) acrylic acid-polymer compounds or copolymer compounds with be given for example maleic acid. Another especially suitable area for the selection of binder or Binder components in the sense of the invention are poly-EO- Components or corresponding derivatives with reactive and possibly. also oleophilic molecular components, as far as the overall structure of the poly- or oligo-EO derivative previously defined Basic conditions for the binder met.  

As adhesive liquid are basically melts, Emul ions and in particular aqueous solutions of the binder substances and in particular corresponding organic oligomer or Polymer compounds, here form adherent films Components are of particular importance.

In a further embodiment of the invention can via a Control of the cold water solubility of the binder influence on the Release mechanism of the solid multi-component according to the invention be taken mixed. For example, in principle very good water-soluble oligo-EO derivatives - such as the type of Fatty alcohol ethoxylates with 30 or 40 EO units in the molecule - be modified in their dissolving behavior that they are in Blend with more hydrophobic components - for example Fatty alcohols - are used. While preserving the subject Here, too, the attitude of the cold solvent is male knowledge and the solid state at room temperature or only to ensure slightly elevated temperatures. Nevertheless, it will on the concomitant use of the oleophilic mixture component Control of the cold water solubility and thus the water Total solubility possible, so here is another possibility possibility of deliberately influencing the multicomponent pro duktes in its entirety is possible.

Particular importance can be attached to binders, which are from their mole Seen in the context of chemical substances in the field of value and auxiliaries fall for use in detergents and cleaners. A if necessary remaining slight stickiness of the dried on Binder component in the range of room temperature can by known powdering can be easily absorbed. This can be considered, for example, in binders based on Oligo- or poly-EO compounds come.  

As mentioned earlier, the flowable binder can in turn also carrier for ultrafine solid and / or dissolved value and / or auxiliaries, which together with the carrier in the Mehrkomponentengut be introduced. On a special feature was expressly referred to in this connection: The flow capable preparation of the binder can be used as additives in particular especially also dissolved and / or dispersed auxiliaries for Influencing the visual appearance of the finished goods added and registered in this form in the shell substance become. Examples include dyes, pigments, Brightener and the like. Here the technical opens up easy to realize possibility, the figurative a specially formulated dry multicomponent mixtures to give an attractive appearance.

Here also opens up the following modification: Shall For example, soluble and / or ultrafine insoluble color substances or pigments for the color finishing of the outer shell the Mehrstoffkugeln are used, so can a corresponding last order envelope of the cold water-soluble Binders ensure this equipment of the outside surface. On This way it is possible, if necessary. Strong visual effects with a minimum addition of visually perceptible excipient sure. For the practical use of detergents Mixed here is an important modification compared to date usual detergent preparations with a broad grain spectrum and fine particle size before.

In the dry material constructed according to the invention is the respective Amount of binder to be used inter alia by the Mixing ratio of core material and shell substance with certainly. Nevertheless, limited quantities are usually sufficient Binder substance, the shell agglomeration of the enveloping substances on the carrier grain. Accordingly, the lie  Binder contents in the dry valuable material according to the invention usually not more than about 15 to 20% by weight and preferably at not more than 10% by weight -% each calculated as solids and based on the sum of core material and enveloping substance. In particularly important execution are again significantly lower levels of binder in the Dry goods provided. Exceed the amounts of this substance here generally not values of 5 to 6 wt .-%. You can for example, in the range of about 0.5 to 4 wt .-% - wt .-% as previously defined. It has been shown that in Umhül Preformed carrier based on extrudate grains with the Shell substance in weight ratios of about 2/3 carrier grain on 1/3 shell substance the peel agglomeration with a bin melt already with amounts of the binder in the range of about 1 to 3 wt .-% is to be realized. The corresponding Solid products are characterized by complete freedom from dust high abrasion resistance and yet excellent on flushability and solubility in the cold or only moderately heated wash liquor.

The preparation of the agglomerated or gra nulierten multilayer preparations in a predetermined space shape

To enter the order of the encasing substance on the carrier grain putting technology falls into the area of Schalenagglo or shell aggregation. In this context can Reference is made to the well-known knowledge of in Book form published publication W. Pietsch "SIZE ENLARGEMENT BY AGGLOMERATION ", John Wiley & Sons, New York / Salle + Sauerland, Frankfurt a. Main, 1991 and the cited therein relevant literature.  

Generalizing, the appropriate manufacturing processes are there characterized in that the core material in the form of a preformed carrier with the finely divided material of the shell substance in the presence of the binder in a flowable formulation enveloping agglomerated or granulated and solidified the binder. As a flowable binder phase are on the one hand aqueous Preparations of binder substances suitable, here in the special solutions and / or emulsions are suitable, be but especially preferred is the use of the binder as a flow capable melt.

In a manner known per se, the two can be addressed here Process types are performed in the form that the flow capable of preparing the binder in the agglomerated or to granulating Good is sprayed, while Kernma terial and the finely divided solid particles of the shell substance added to the agglomeration zone and preferably herereirei be moved. The coating of the carrier grains can thereby in a known manner in Verrundern, in other Mischvor but also in the fluidized bed. So will For example, the core material in a mixer with the adhesive sprinkled Riger flow phase of the binder. The compared to Core material of finer particles stick to the surface of the Core material that is moved rolling, and there form the desired shell cladding. Other suitable devices are pushers (Spheronizer), panning pears, rotary drums and the already mentioned fluidized bed apparatus.

If working with aqueous preparations of the binder, closes As a rule, at this wrapping step a drying stage. The use of melting the binder or binder Mix can do without this additional work step.  

For spraying the flowable binder preparation is in a preferred embodiment, the concomitant use of a propellant gas provided by using multi-fluid nozzles. It can in one special embodiment can be worked as follows: in addition to the particular registered with a propellant gas Binder melt becomes another hot gas phase - usually hot air - blown into the material to be agglomerated. Possible Thus, the short-term attitude and optimization of the Microclimates in the area of the solid surfaces and thus the Optimization of the application and spreading of the binder melt on the surfaces to be brought into adhesive contact with each other.

The temperature control, especially in the solid material in the frame Melt agglomeration is largely due to the temperature temperature sensitivity of the contact to be brought into contact Recyclables or recyclables determined. In general, will the temperature of the solid matter maximum in the range to 45 or 60 ° C and thus at most in the range of the melting temperature of Binders held. Taking into account the high sensitivity It is at least selected components of the solid material however, in preferred embodiments of the invention see the solid feed at about room temperature or only to keep slightly elevated temperatures and by means of the on Position of the microclimate on a blown hot gas phase the Application and spreading of the binder on the solids surfaces without substantially increasing the Good temperature to come.

In the following, general information on recyclables and Mixtures of valuable substances, which are part of the inventions According to the invention teaching in the carrier material and / or in the envelope substance can be used.  

The content of surfactants including soaps Total is preferably 15 to 40 wt .-% and in particular 18 to 30 wt .-%.

As surfactants come here - especially in the carrier grain - both anionic surfactants and jointly anionic and not ionic surfactants into consideration.

As surfactants of the sulfonate type are preferably C₉-C₁₃-alkyl benzenesulfonates, olefinsulfonates, d. H. Mixtures of alkene and Hydroxyalkansulfonaten and disulfonates, as they are in For example, from C₁₂-C₁₈ monoolefins with terminal or internal Double bond by sulfonation with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acid hydrolysis of the sulfones into consideration. Also suitable are alkane sulfonates consisting of C₁₂-C₁₈ alkanes, for example by sulfo chlorination or sulfoxidation followed by hydrolysis or Neutralization can be obtained. Also suitable are the Esters of μ-sulfofatty acids (ester sulfonates), e.g. As the μ-sul methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or Tallow fatty acids and their salts. So come sulfates Fatty acid glycerol esters into consideration. Under fatty acid glycerin Esters are the mono-, di- and triesters and their mixtures too Understand how they are produced by esterification of a monoglycerine with 1 to 3 moles of fatty acid or in the Um esterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 moles of glycerol become. Preferred sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters are included the sulfonation products of saturated fatty acids with 6 to 22 Carbon atoms, for example caproic acid, caprylic acid, Capric acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearin acid or behenic acid. The sulfonation products represent a complex Mixture, the mono-, di- and Triglyceridsulfonate with μ-stän Diger and / or internal sulfonic acid group contains.  

By-products are sulfonated fatty acid salts, glyce ridsulfate, glycerol sulfates, glycerine and soaps. You go sulfation of saturated fatty acids or hydrogenated fat acid glycerol ester mixtures, so the proportion of μ-sulfo ned fatty acid disalts depending on the procedure well up about 60 wt .-% amount.

As alk (en) ylsulfate are the alkali and especially the Sodium salts of sulfuric acid half esters of C₁₂-C₁₈ fatty alcohols for example, from coconut fatty alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, Myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C₁₀-C₂₀-oxo alcohols and those half-esters of secondary alcohols of this chain length prefers. Also preferred are alk (en) ylsulfates of ge called chain length, which is a synthetic, on petro chemical-based straight-chain alkyl radical ent hold, which have an analogous degradation behavior as the ad Equivalent compounds based on oleochemical crude materials. From washing technical interest are C₁₆-C₁₈-alk (en) yl especially preferred. It can also be of be special advantage and especially for machine detergents be advantageous, C₁₆-C₁₈-alk (en) ylsulfate in combination with lower melting anionic surfactants and in particular with sol anionic surfactants having a lower force point and at relatively low wash temperatures of, for example Room temperature to 40 ° C a low tendency to crystallize show, use. In a preferred embodiment of Invention, the compositions therefore contain mixtures of short-chain and long-chain fatty alkyl sulfates, preferably mixtures of C₁₂-C₁₄ fatty alkyl sulfates or C₁₂-C₁₈ fatty alkyl sulfates with C₁₆-C₁₈- Fettalkylsulfaten or C₁₂-C₁₆-Fettalkylsulfaten with C₁₆-C₁₈-fat alkyl sulfates. In a further embodiment of the invention However, not only are saturated alkyl sulfates, but also unsaturated alkenyl sulfates having an alkenyl chain length of  preferably used C₁₆ to C₂₂. Here are in particular Mixtures of saturated, consisting mainly of C₁₆ sulfonated fatty alcohols and unsaturated, predominantly from C₁₈ existing sulfated fatty alcohols, for example those that differ from solid or liquid fatty alcohol mixtures of the type HD-Ocenol® (commercial product of the applicant) derived. Weight ratios of alkyl sulfates to alkenyl are sulphates of 10: 1 to 1: 2 and in particular from about 5: 1 to 1: 1 prefers.

Also 2,3-alkyl sulfates, which, for example, according to the US Patents 3,234,258 or 5,075,041 are prepared and as commercial products of the Shell Oil Company under the name DAN® can be obtained, are suitable anionic surfactants.

Also, the sulfuric acid monoesters of with 1 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide ethoxylated straight or branched C₇-C₂₁ alcohols, such as 2-methyl-branched C₉-C₁₁ alcohols with an average of 3.5 mol Ethylene oxide (EO) or C₁₂-C₁₈ fatty alcohols having 1 to 4 EO, are suitable. They are used in detergents because of their high Foaming behavior only in relatively small amounts, for example in amounts of 1 to 5 wt .-%, used.

Preferred anionic surfactants are also the salts of alkylsulfobern also known as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosurfers are called stearic acid esters and the monoesters and / or Diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably Fatty alcohols and in particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols represent. Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C₈ to C₁₈- Fatty alcohol residues or mixtures of these. Especially before Sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol residue which is derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols, the be seeks to represent nonionic surfactants (see description below). Again, sulfosuccinates, their fatty alcohol  Residues of ethoxylated fatty alcohols with concentrated Derive homolog distribution, particularly preferred. It is the same also possible, alk (en) ylsuccinic acid with preferably 8 to 18 Carbon atoms in the alk (en) ylkette or their salts einzu put.

However, preferred anionic surfactants are alkylbenzenesulfonates and / or both straight-chain and branched alkyl sulfates.

In addition to the anionic surfactants, soaps, preferably in amounts of 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, based on the overall means, into consideration. Suitable, for example saturated fatty acid soaps, such as the salts of lauric acid, Myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, hydrogenated eruca acid and behenic acid and in particular from natural fat acids, e.g. As coconut, palm kernel or tallow, derived Soap mixtures.

The anionic surfactants and soaps may be in the form of their Natri um-, potassium or ammonium salts and as soluble salts orga nischer bases, such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine, are present. Preferably, the anionic surfactants are in the form of their Sodium or potassium salts, especially in the form of the sodium salts in front.

As nonionic surfactants are preferably alkoxylated, before partially ethoxylated, especially primary alcohols with preferably 8 to 18 C atoms and on average 1 to 12 mol Ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol used, in which the Alko holrest linear or preferably methyl branched in the 2-position can ent or linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture ent can hold, as they usually in Oxoalkoholresten before lie. In particular, however, are alcohol ethoxylates with linear Residues of alcohols of native origin having 12 to 18 C atoms,  z. B. from coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and by preferably 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol. To the be preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C₁₂-C₁₄- Alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C₉-C₁₁ alcohols with 7 EO, C₁₃-C₁₅- Alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C₁₂-C₁₈ alcohols with 3rd EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures of these, such as mixtures of C₁₂-C₁₄-alcohol with 3 EO and C₁₂-C₁₈-alcohol with 5 EO. The ange given degrees of ethoxylation provide statistical averages representing a whole or a brittle for a particular product number can be. Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a restricted homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE). In addition to these nonionic surfactants can also Fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can be used. Examples These are tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.

In addition, as other nonionic surfactants and alkyl glycosides of the general formula RO (G) _x can be used in which R is a primary straight-chain or methyl-branched, especially in the 2-position methyl-branched aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms and G is the symbol which represents a glycose unit having 5 or 6 C atoms, preferably glucose. The degree of oligomerization x, which indicates the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, is any number between 1 and 10; preferably x is 1.2 to 1.4.

Another class of preferred nonionic Ten side, either as the sole nonionic surfactant or in Combination with other nonionic surfactants, in particular together with alkoxylated fatty alcohols and / or alkyl glycosides When used, are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acid alkyl ester, preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, in particular fatty acid methyl esters, as for example  in Japanese Patent Application JP 58/217598 or preferably after in the international patent application WO-A-90/13533 described.

Also, nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type, for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallowalkyl-N, N-dihydroxy ethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanolamide may be suitable his. The amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferred not more than that of ethoxylated fatty alcohols, ins particular not more than half of it.

Other suitable surfactants are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of Formula (I),

in the R²CO for an aliphatic acyl radical having 6 to 22 Koh lenstoffatomen, R³ is hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyal kylrest having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and [Z] for a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups. For the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which are commonly used by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and after following acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride can be obtained. before Preferably, the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are derived from redu ornamental sugars having 5 or 6 carbon atoms, in particular from glucose.  

As previously stated, the invention covers the Ausfüh The composition of the carrier material of a and the shell substance (s) are identical or practical are the same and only by the particle sizes the solid particles present in the respective material fraction differ. In important and preferred embodiments However, there are differences in the composition of recyclables or mixtures of recyclables - on the one hand in Carrier grain, on the other hand in the shell substance - before. Here applies then, for example, the following:

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the grain-shaped agent is an extruded-based carrier grain, wherein the Proportion of the extruded component (s) 50 to 80 wt .-%, based to the entire mean. It can continue doing so be preferred that this extruded component surfactants ent holds, wherein the content of the extruded component of anion surfactants preferably not more than 20 wt .-% and preferably to 15 wt .-%, based on the extruded component. In a further preferred embodiment of the invention ent the agents hold surfactant-containing extruded carrier components in the amounts that thereby 0.5 to 12 wt .-%, based on the entire means to be provided to surfactants.

For the production of the extruded components on the up to information on the teaching of the European patent EP-B- 0 486 592 or the teaching of the international patent application WO- A-94/09111.

The shell substance (s) contains anionic surfactants or anionic and nonionic surfactants, preferably in amounts of from 30 to 95% by weight, based on the shell substance. In particular, it is preferable that the encapsulant contains anionic surfactants, but is free from not ionic surfactants. Advantageously, as the anion  surfactants alkylbenzenesulfonates and / or straight-chain and / or branched alkyl sulfates used. The non-extruded gra nularen and surfactant-containing components are preferably in the amounts contained in the media, that by them 2 to 30 Wt .-%, in particular 5 to 25 wt .-%, each based on the entire means to be provided to surfactants.

The non-extruded components, especially the tensidhal Components can be determined by any of the Ver drive, for example by spray drying, superheated steam drying, spray neutralization or granulation have been. In particular, anionic surfactant-containing Preferred components by spray neutralization according to the older German Patent Application P 44 25 968.9 or by Granulation and possibly simultaneous drying in a we according to the teaching of the international applications WO-A- 93/041 62 and WO-A-94/18303. The grain sizes Distribution of non-extruded tenside-containing recyclables - also in the form of granules - should be the one indicated above To meet demand: At least on average smaller than that Carrier grain to ensure its serving. In particular According to the teaching of WO-A-93/04162, for example Granules in the fluidized bed of almost any particle size and produce grain size distribution. The same applies for the particle size distribution of other granular components, for example, an enzyme granule, a foam inhibitor Granules, a bleach activator granules for their incorporation in the envelope substance.

Enzymes are those from the class of proteases, lipases or lipolytic enzymes, amylases, cellulases or their mixtures in question. Especially suitable are from Bak strains or fungi such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Streptomyces griseus and Humicola insolens ge  wonnene enzymatic agents. Preferably, proteases of the subtilisin type and in particular proteases derived from Bacillus lentus are used. These are enzyme mixtures, for example from protease and amylase or protease and lipase or lipolytic enzymes or protease and cellulase or from cellulase and lipase or lipolytic enzymes or from protease, amylase and lipase or lipolytic Enzymes or protease, lipase or lipolytic enzymes and cellulase, but in particular protease and / or lipase containing mixtures or mixtures with lipolytic acting Enzymes of particular interest. Examples of such li polyfunctional enzymes are the known cutinases. Also Peroxidases or oxidases have in some cases as proved suitable. The enzymes are preferably on carriers adsorbed and / or embedded in encasing substances to counter them protect against premature decomposition. The proportion of enzymes, En For example, enzyme mixtures or enzyme granules may be about 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, preferably 0.1 to about 2 wt .-% amount.

When used in machine washing it can be beneficial be added to the means conventional foam inhibitors. When Foam inhibitors are, for example, soaps of natural or of synthetic origin containing a high proportion of C₁₈-C₂₄- Have fatty acids. Suitable non-surfactant foams Bitoren are, for example, organopolysiloxanes and their Ge Mix with microfine, possibly silanated silica and Pa raffins, waxes, microcrystalline waxes and mixtures thereof silanized silica or bistearylethylenediamide. With Vor also share mixtures of different foam inhibitors used, for. As those of silicones, paraffins or waxes. Preferably, the foam inhibitors, in particular silicone and / or paraffin-containing foam inhibitors, to a granular, bound in water or dispersible carrier substance. In particular, mixtures of paraffins and bistearyl are  ethylenediamides and mixtures of paraffins and silicones inorganic supports preferred. Granules, which mixtures from paraffins and silicones in a weight ratio of 1: 1 to 3: 1 e 20469 00070 552 001000280000000200012000285912035800040 0002019531690 00004 20350nthalten, are particularly preferred here.

When washing at temperatures of 60 ° C and below one To achieve improved bleaching action, bleach activators can be used be incorporated into the preparations. examples for this are with H₂O₂ organic peracids forming N-acyl or O-acyl Compounds, preferably N, N'-tetraacylated diamines, p- (Alkanoyloxy) benzenesulfonates, also carboxylic anhydrides and Esters of polyols such as glucose pentaacetate. Other well-known Bleach activators are acetylated mixtures of sorbitol and Mannitol, as described, for example, in the European patent application EP-A-0 525 239. Especially be Preferred bleach activators are N, N, N ', N'-tetraacetylethylene diamine (TAED), 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxo-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT) and acetylated sorbitol-mannitol mixtures (SORMAN). The content of bleach-containing agents in bleach activators is in the usual range. In particular, the bleaching activators in the agents according to the invention in the amounts has the means 1 to 10 wt .-% and preferably 3 to 8 Wt .-%, in each case based on the total agent, of bleaching Activator included.

Other ingredients of the compositions of the invention are present preferably inorganic and organic builders, bleach Medium, substances which the oil and Fettauswaschbarkeit po affectively, grayness inhibitors, if necessary substances, which the solubility and the dissolution rate of the individual improve granular components and / or the total agent, fabric softening fabrics, optical brighteners, color and fragrance substances and alkaline and / or neutral salts in the form of their Sodium and / or potassium salts.  

As the inorganic builder substance, for example, is suitable fine crystalline, synthetic and bound water enthal detergent grade zeolite. Suitable are particular in particular zeolite A and / or P and optionally zeolite X and mixtures from A, X and / or P. The zeolite can be spray-dried Powder or even as undried, from their preparation yet moist, stabilized suspension are used. For the If the zeolite is used as suspension, this can small additions of nonionic surfactants as stabilizers contain, for example 1 to 3 wt .-%, based on zeolite, ethoxylated C₁₂-C₁₈ fatty alcohols with 2 to 5 ethylene oxide groups, C₁₂-C₁₄ fatty alcohols having 4 to 5 ethylene oxide groups or ethoxylated isotridecanols. Suitable zeolites have an average particle size of less than 10 mm (volume ver division; Measuring method: Coulter Counter) on and contain preferably 18 to 22 wt .-%, in particular 20 to 22 wt .-% of bound water. Zeolites can be found both in the extruded Components as well as in the non-extruded components ent be hold.

Suitable substitutes or partial substitutes for phosphates and zeolites are crystalline, layered sodium silicates of the general formula NaMSi _x O _{2x + 1} · yH₂O, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 is and preferred values for x are 2, 3 or 4. Such crystalline sheet silicates are described, for example, in European Patent Application EP-A-0 164 514. Preferred crystalline layered silicates of the formula given are those in which M is sodium and x is 2 or 3. In particular, both β- and d-sodium di silicates Na₂Si₂O₅ · yH₂O are preferred, wherein β-sodium disilicates can be obtained for example by the method described in International Patent Application WO-A-91/08171. Crystalline layered sodium silicates may be included in both the extruded and non-extruded components.

Also amorphous silicates, so-called X-ray amorphous silicates, which in X-ray diffraction experiments no sharp X-ray Provide reflexes, as typical for crystalline substances but at most one or more maxima of the scattered X-radiation having a width of several degrees of the Have diffraction angle, may have secondary washing power and be used as builders. It may even be too lead to very good builder properties, if the Sili fuzzy or fuzzy particles in electron diffraction experiments even deliver sharp diffraction maxima. This is too interes pretend that the products size microcrystalline areas 10 to several hundred nm, with values up to max. 50 nm and in particular up to max. 20 nm are preferred. Especially be Preferred are silicates and silicate compounds according to the older German patent application P 44 00 024.3 or silicates and silicate compounds, for example those that are commercially available Nabion 15® and Britesil® (Akzo-PQ) are. Particular preference is also given to spray-dried sodium carbonate-sodium silicate compounds, which additionally surfactants, ins particular anionic surfactants such as alkylbenzenesulfonates or alkyl may contain sulfates including the 2,3-alkyl sulfates. Amorphous silicates and silicate compounds such as the aforementioned sili Cat carbonate compounds can also be found in the carrier grain as well be contained the envelope substance.

In addition to the alkali carbonates or instead of Alkalicar Bonates, especially sodium carbonates, can also Bicar bonates, in particular sodium bicarbonates in the compositions his. As amorphous silicates are mainly sodium silicate with a molar ratio of Na₂O: SiO₂ from 1: 1 to 1: 4.5, as  amorphous silicates with secondary washing power preferably of 1: 2 used up to 1: 3.0. The content of the sodium carbonate and / or sodium bicarbonate is preferably up to 20 Wt .-%, advantageously between 5 and 15 wt .-%. The salary the level of sodium silicate is generally up to 30 Wt .-%, and preferably between 2 and 25 wt .-%.

Useful organic builders are, for example, the preferably used in the form of their sodium salts polycarbon acids, such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutar acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotri acetic acid (NTA), provided such use of ecological Reasons are not objectionable, as well as mixtures of these. Preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as Ci tronic acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, wine acid, sugar acids and mixtures of these.

Suitable polymeric polycarboxylates are, for example, the Sodium salts of polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, for example, those having a molecular weight of 800 up to 150000 (based on acid). Suitable copolymeric polycar boxylates are in particular those of acrylic acid with meth acrylic acid and acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid acid. Particularly suitable are copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid, the 50 to 90 wt .-% of acrylic acid and 50 to 10 wt .-% maleic acid. Your relative mole Külmasse, based on free acids, is generally 5000 to 200,000, preferably 10,000 to 120,000 and in particular 50,000 to 100,000. Particular preference is also Ter- and Quadro polymers, for example those described in DE-A-43 00 772 as monomers, salts of acrylic acid and maleic acid, and Vinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol derivatives or according to DE-C- 42 21 381 as monomers salts of acrylic acid and 2-alkyl allylsulfonic acid and sugar derivatives.  

Other suitable builder systems are oxidation products of carboxyl-containing polyglucosans and / or their water soluble salts, such as those in the international Patent application WO-A-93/08251 are described or their Production for example in the international patent WO-A-93/16110.

Likewise, as further preferred builders, the known polyaspartic acids or their salts and derivatives call.

Further suitable builder substances are polyacetals, which by reacting dialdehydes with polyolcarboxylic acids, which 5 have up to 7 C atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl groups, for example, as in European Patent Application EP-A-0 280 223 can be obtained. Preferred poly acetals are made from dialdehydes such as glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, Terephthalaldehyde and mixtures thereof and Polyolcarbonsäu such as gluconic acid and / or glucoheptonic acid.

The organic builder substances can be used both in the carrier grain as well as in the shell substance, wherein the Ein Set in the carrier grain may be preferred.

Among those serving as bleach, in water H₂O₂ supplying Compounds have the sodium perborate tetrahydrate and the Na triumperborate monohydrate of particular importance. Other useful Bleaching agents are, for example, sodium percarbonate, peroxypy rophosphate, citrate perhydrates and H₂O₂ supplying persaure salts or peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelain acid or diperdodecanedioic acid. The content of the means of bleaching is preferably 5 to 25 wt .-% and in particular 10 to 20 wt .-%, wherein advantageously perborate monohydrate  is set. The bleaches can be both in the carrier grain as also be contained in the enveloping substance of the agent. It is it is preferable to incorporate perborates into the agent via the carrier grain while percarbonates are preferably in the encapsulating substance be used.

In addition, the agents may also contain components which the oil and Fettauswaschbarkeit from textiles positively impressed influence. This effect becomes particularly apparent when a textile dirty, that already several times before with a he detergent according to the invention, this oil and fat dissolving Component contains, washed. To the preferred oil and fat dissolving components include, for example, nonionic Cellulose ethers such as methylcellulose and methylhydroxypropylcellu Loose with a proportion of methoxyl groups of 15 to 30 wt .-% and hydroxypropoxyl groups of 1 to 15% by weight, respectively based on the nonionic cellulose ether, and from the State of the art known polymers of phthalic acid and / or the terephthalic acid or its derivatives, in particular poly mers of ethylene terephthalates and / or polyethylene glycol tereph thalates or anionic and / or nonionic modified Derivatives of these. These substances can be found in the nucleus as well Also contained in the shell, with their content in the shell is preferred.

Grayness inhibitors have the function of removing the fiber to keep dissolved dirt suspended in the liquor and so on Prevent the dirt from rebuilding. These are water soluble colloids mostly organic nature suitable, for example example, the water-soluble salts of polymeric carboxylic acids, glue, Gelatin, salts of ether carboxylic acids or ether sulfonic acids of Starch or cellulose or salts of acidic sulfuric acid esters of cellulose or starch. Also water-soluble, acidic Group-containing polyamides are suitable for this purpose.  

Furthermore, soluble starch preparations and other than use the above-mentioned starch products, e.g. B. degraded Starch, aldehyde levels, etc. Also polyvinylpyrrolidone is useful. However, preference is given to cellulose ethers, such as carboxy methylcellulose (Na salt), methylcellulose, hydroxyalkylcellu Loose and mixed ethers, such as methylhydroxyethylcellulose, methylhy droxypropylcellulose, methylcarboxymethylcellulose and their Mixtures, and polyvinylpyrrolidone, for example, in amounts of 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, based on the means used. These too Substances can be found both in the core and in the shell, in particular but also be included in the binder.

The agents may also contain ingredients which the Dissolution rate of the individual components and / or the increase overall mean. Among the preferred used inventory parts include in particular C₈-C₁₈ alcohols having 10 to 80 mol Ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol, such as tallow fatty alcohol with 30 EO and tallow fatty alcohol with 40 EO, but also fatty alcohols with 14 EO, as well as polyethylene glycols with a molecular weight between 200 and 2000. Other suitable substances are included For example, in International Patent Application WO-A-93/02176 described.

The agents can be used as optical brightener derivatives of Diamino stilbene disulfonic acid or its alkali metal salts. Ge are suitable z. B. salts of 4,4'-bis (2-anilino-4-morpholino 1,3,5-triazinyl-6-amino) stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid or similarly constructed compounds that replace the Mor pholino group a diethanolamino group, a methylamino group, an anilino group or a 2-methoxyethylamino group carry. In addition, brighteners of the substituted type can be used Diphenylstyryl be present, for. B. the alkali salts of the 4,4'- Bis (2-sulfostyryl) -diphenyls, 4,4'-bis (4-chloro-3-sulfostyryl) - diphenyls, or 4- (4-chlorostyryl) -4 '- (2-sulfostyryl) -diphenyls.  

It is also possible to use mixtures of the abovementioned brighteners the.

As neutral salts, especially sulfates, if necessary. And in particular which may also be contained in detergents chlorides.

Some fine-grained components can also be used to Expend existing granules, thereby for example adhesive reduce the granularity and the bulk density of the granules to increase individual granules and the entire agent. Suitable such surface modifiers are known in the art known to the art. In addition to other suitable are fine Particulate zeolites, silicas, amorphous silicates, fatty acids or fatty acid salts, for example calcium stearate, in particular but precipitated silicas, mixtures of zeolite and pebbles acids or mixtures of zeolite and calcium stearate. Interesting results - and possibly even improvements concerning the re-dissolvability of the agglomerates in aqueous Fleet - have also used the defoamer component if necessary, give additional powdering agent. finely solid preparations based on silicone oil as a component with Defoamer action can take place in this form in the outer shell of the Granules stored and of an undesirable interaction with already solution-impaired mixture constituents of the envelope be screened.

Examples

The concrete embodiments described below the teachings of the invention was a laundry detergent More Component mixture with the following sum composition based on:

composition in% by weight (a) C₉ to C₁₃ alkylbenzene sulfate 6.54 (b) granules of 85% by weight of the sodium salts of coconut fatty alcohol sulphate and tallow fatty alcohol sulphate in a weight ratio of 1: 1, 12% by weight of sodium sulphate, the remainder unsulphured portions and water; produced by granulation and simultaneous drying in the fluidized bed 14.11 (C) C₁₂ to C₁₈ fatty alcohol with 7 EO 2.90 (d) tallow fatty alcohol with 5 EO 0.47 (E) C₁₂ to C₁₈ fatty acid soap 0.80 (f) caustic soda 0.36 (g) zeolite A 18.47 (h) sodium carbonate 7.75 (i) Sodium silicate (Na₂O: SiO₂ 1: 3.0) 1.45 (j) copolymeric sodium salt of acrylic acid 4.95 (k) perborate monohydrate 14.02 (I) Tetraacetylethylenediamine granules 8.53 (m) Polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 400) 2.05 (n) Silicone and paraffin-containing foam inhibitor granules 3.64 (o) zeolite-silica mixture (weight ratio 1: 1) 1.50   (p) sodium sulfate 3.45 (q) Enzyme granules containing protease, lipase and cellulase 1.60 (r) water 6.91 (s) salts of solutions rest

The mixing and compression of the feedstock, the Zertei Development of the extrudate strand by knock granulation and the Drying of the blowdown granules was carried out using a 2- Screw extruder according to the details in the example of the EP-B-0 486 592, but using the following deviations:

• - By using a figure-shaped hole shape in the head plate of the extruder became the mixed and ver condensed strand of extruded good figured out extruded shaped cross-sectional shape.
• - This by knock granulation from the extruded strand granules formed was fluidized bed drying without supplied prior exploration of the granules formed.

In particular, the following variations of the working were parameter made:

• 1. Division of the previously list listed Mehrkompo nentengemisches in the by means of extrusion ver mixed and figuratively shaped recycled content on the one hand, and the valuable components, the figurative formed and dried up recyclable material in the Room form of conventional granules were added:
• 1.a: In a first embodiment, the granular Components to (b), (l), (n) and (q) from the rest Components of the table made figurative  formed extrudates added later. The Component (o) was used for subsequent dusting of the extruded granules.
• 1.b: The component (b) was the substance to be extruded mixed and coextruded together, only the Granular components (I), (N) and (Q) were added later admixed. Here, therefore, the total amount of surfactant over introduced the extruded portion.
• 2. Concrete formation of the figurative hole shapes and strand length in the hot-knock granulation:
  Two differently shaped extrudate particles were formed. In detail:
• 2.a: star shape with circular hole in the star center with the following dimensions:
  largest star diameter = 8 mm
  Diameter of the inner hole = 1.5 mm
  Plaque thickness = 1 mm
  Bulk density of the dry material = approx. 550 g / l
• 2.b: In a second figurative series fish were formed with a closed surface structure. Here were the following parameters in detail:
  largest length 12 mm
  largest width = 5 mm
  Plaque thickness = 1.2 mm
  Bulk density of the dry material = 550 to 600 g / l

By mixing the figuratively formed extrudates with the granular residual proportions from the tabular composition four mixtures of valuable substances were produced. In In all cases more than 90% by weight of all particles were larger than 0.4 mm.

The flushing behavior of all agents via the wash-in chambers han usual household washing machines is excellent. Certain Differences show up in a modified Handwas test in the dissolution behavior of the agents in water (30 ° C). The dissolution Behavior of mixed products containing the anionic surfactant component on FAS basis to (b) not incorporated into the extrudate, but added as a separate granular component only later has been noticeably accelerated over the up dissolving behavior of the two detergent mixtures in which the FAS Component to (b) part of the extruded and figurative molded Good share is.

As indicated, this assessment refers to the behavior the multi-substance mixtures in the hand wash test, their efficiency for the machine textile laundry is not affected.

Claims (27)

1. Solid compacted multicomponent mixture from the field of detergents and cleaners, especially textile detergent medium, which is present at least predominantly as pourable and pourable Mischgut of the coarse particle range, characterized in that the coarse particulate material at least partially in figuratively shaped platelet or Disc structure is out forms, the ratio of greatest length or width (L) to average platelet thickness (l) is above 1.2 and preferably at least the value of 1.5. 2. Solid detergents and cleaning agents according to claim 1, characterized, that the figuratively shaped portion of the condensed More component mixture in a vertical view to the scheibenförmi The basic structure of the single element is predeterminable Has shape whose largest length or width (L) in Top view preferably in the range of 1.2 to 20 mm, be preferably in the range of 1.5 to 12 mm and in particular in Range of 4 to 10 mm, while the disk or Platelet thickness (L) below 5 mm, preferably in the range from 0.5 to 3 mm and in particular at most about 1.5 to 2 mm, with particularly preferred values for (I) in Range from 0.8 to 1.5 mm. 3. Solid washing and cleaning agents according to claims 1 and 2, characterized, that in the figuratively shaped particles the ratio of (L) / (l) has a numerical value of at least 2, where such numerical values for this ratio (L) / (l) in  Range from 3 to 20 and especially from 4 to 8 especially may be preferred. 4. Solid washing and cleaning agents according to claims 1 to 3, characterized, that the proportion of figuratively trained Mehrkomponen mixtures at a true density of the single particle above 1 g / cm³, preferably in the range of 1.2 to 2.5 g / cm³ and more preferably in the range of 1.35 to 1.55 g / cc Bulk densities <350 g / l, preferably in the range of 400 to 900 g / l and in particular the range of 500 to 750 g / l having. 5. Solid washing and cleaning agents according to claims 1 to 4, characterized, that at least a portion of the figurative trained Particles inside the figure additionally hole shape (s) having. 6. Solid washing and cleaning agents according to claims 1 to 5, characterized, that the figurative trained particles sufficient Stability of the primary form even with packaging, blending with further, if necessary coarse-grained goods, transport and use respectively. 7. Solid detergents and cleaners according to claims 1 to 6, characterized, that their figuratively shaped coarse particulate part in Blend with non-figurative shaped parts of the Multicomponent mixture is present, these further Shares as finely particulate - especially powdery - Good and / or as also grossparticular good, z. In  the form of conventional granules, agglomerates and / or in particular special rounded extrudates. 8. Solid washing and cleaning agents according to claims 1 to 7, characterized, that their not specifically designed components as of the figuratively designed share separate mix component (s) are present, but also be provided can, such additional shares - in particular appropriate Shares of the fine particulate area - with the figurative Bonded coarse parts adherent. 9. Solid washing and cleaning agents according to claims 1 to 8, characterized, that the figured (mixed) components in Ab mixture with spherical rounded (mixed) components be present, preferably the respective sizes and Bulk densities of the components matched to one another are that substantial segregation in transport, location tion and use do not occur. 10. Solid washing and cleaning agents according to claims 1 to 9, characterized, that the figuratively formed fixed parts are shaped, Size, composition and color uniform or in little at least one of these parameters is non-uniform are. 11. Solid washing and cleaning agents according to claims 1 to 10, characterized, that the coarse particulate portion of the mix is at least 50 Wt .-%, preferably at least 60 to 70 wt .-% - wt .-% here based on the total weight of the multicomponent mixture - make out and in the process the figuratively shaped good  at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 70% by weight -% by weight here based on coarse particulate fraction lies, or that only a subordinate quantity of the figures properly trained goods - especially for visual Identifiability of the mix - in mixture with the united further mixing components. 12. Process for the preparation of molded compacted Multi-component mixtures in the field of value and / or Auxiliaries of detergents and cleaners, in particular Textile detergents, by strand-like compression of a finely divided solid, flowable aids containing Pre-mixing over hole forming, crushing the pressed Strands and drying of the reduced material, characterized, that for the production of predetermined figuratively formed particles of the coarse material area under pressure flowable preparation of the corresponding fine material - preferably in admixture with liquid flow, lubricants and / or binders - by hole forming the desired figurative configuration pressed, the exiting strand crushed by knock granulation and the formed Granules dry without substantial rounding. 13. The method according to claim 12, characterized, that the composition of the finely divided starting material and in particular the type and amount of flow and sliding tools on the one hand and the conditions of strangför ming compression - especially extrusion pressure and -tem on the other hand in such a way that the subsequent drying of the knock granules without essential Liche shape change is possible, this drying is preferably carried out in the fluidized bed.   14. Method according to claims 12 and 13, characterized, that additionally required fines of Mehrstoffge mixed with the shapely Good united and preferred using a binder which is also soluble in cold water solidified on the surface of the molded coarse fractions. 15. Multi-component pourable and free-flowing detergent and cleaner, especially laundry detergents, the high density with good solubility ver binds in cold water and thereby allows increased freedom in the choice of value and, if necessary. Auxiliary materials, characterized in that it is resistant to abrasion , Good of the following spatial structure formed by dust and fines:

• - Adhesively compacted core of one or more valuable and / or auxiliary substances which are soluble in aqueous liquor and / or finely dispersed insoluble, this core provided with platelet or disk base structure and configured in a predetermined manner as a figure (core material),
• - This core material is at least partially wrapped by a blend of the same and / or other value and auxiliaries with - based on the diam water of the core material - smaller individual part chengröße (envelope substance),
• - Wherein these particles of shell material with Mitverwen tion of a cold water-soluble and at room temperature temperature-fixed binder together and to the outer surface of the core material are bound (binder).

16. A valuable mixture according to claim 15, characterized, that when water enters gelbildende and / or only slowly soluble components of the multicomponent mixtures for at least predominantly part of the shell substance with predeterminable individual particle size of these proportions are. 17. Recyclable material mixture according to claims 15 and 16, characterized, that the core material at a disk or platelets thickness (l) <5 mm, preferably in the range of 0.5 to 3 mm and especially in the range of 0.8 to 1.5 mm, a largest Length or width (L) in the range of 1.5 to 20 mm before given in the range of 1.5 to 12 mm and in particular Be rich from 4 to 10 mm. 18. Recyclable material mixture according to claims 15 to 17, characterized, that in the figuratively shaped particles the ratio of (L) / (l) is at least 2, wherein numerical values for this ratio (L) / (L) in the range of 3 to 20 and in particular in the range of 4 to 8 be particularly preferred can. 19. A valuable mixture according to claims 15 to 18, characterized, that the nuclear material for at least substantial proportion by water-soluble and / or very finely dispersed in water insoluble inorganic and / or organic components usual washing and cleaning agent is formed -. B. Textile detergent builder and / or co-builder, Alkalisie  medium, temperature-stable bleach on water stoffperoxidbasis such as perborate -, but where also - preferably in minor amounts - ingredients of organic origin, for. B. at least largely ver non-gellingly soluble surfactant compounds, in particular corresponding anionic surfactants and / or nonionic surfactants, cobuilders, Brightener and the like, component (s) of the core material could be. 20. Recyclable material mixture according to claims 15 to 19, characterized, that the enveloping substance directly on the core material adheres or indirectly adheres over (a) separating layer (s) connected to the core material. 21. A valuable mixture according to claims 15 to 20, characterized in that one or more of the following representatives are present as solid components of the coating substance:

• - Dust and / or fines or comminuted fractions of the nuclear material,
• slow-dissolving and / or redeeming components and / or multi-component compounds,
• customary constituents, in particular also Kleinbe constituents of detergents and cleaning agents, as far as they should not be exposed to the working conditions of the compaction of the core material,
• - If necessary, even in cold water quickly soluble com ponents for rapid conditioning of the wash liquor and / or the goods to be cleaned,
• Reactive components for the subsequent reaction with further reactive constituents of the multicomponent mixture after their dissolution in the aqueous liquor.

22. Recyclable material mixture according to claims 15 to 21, characterized, that the shell substance further additives, for. B. Dyes, Pigments, brighteners and the like. 23. Recyclable material mixture according to claims 15 to 22, characterized, that the binder solid at room temperature, the individual solid Substance components of the envelope substance for at least about enveloping part and connects with each other this binding of the shell substance particles to each other before zugt so sufficiently stable designed that nam Fine abrasion of fines under the conditions of Trans port, storage and application of the finished goods. 24. A valuable mixture according to claims 15 to 23, characterized, that the binder in amounts of at most about 10 wt .-% before wherein binder contents in the range up to 5 wt .-%, z. B. 0.5 to 4 wt .-%, may be preferred - wt .-% each calculated on the solids based on the sum of Core material and shell substance -. 25. Recyclable material mixture according to claims 15 to 24, characterized,  that as a binder in particular film-forming organic Kom Components with softening and / or melting points are not below 45 ° C, preferably of at least 60 ° C and especially of at least 75 ° C, which also with Auxiliaries, such as dispersants and / or Lösungsver middle, can be mixed. 26. A valuable mixture according to claims 15 to 25, characterized, in that the binder is water-soluble and / or water-dispersible Oligomer and / or polymer compounds synthetic, semi synthetic and / or natural origin, the also at least partially value and excipients from the Range of laundry detergents. 27. A valuable mixture according to claims 15 to 26, characterized, that the outer shell of the solid material - if necessary. Mit Mit Use of finely divided powdering aids - in the range the room temperature formed substantially tack-free is.