DE1945503A1 - Ventilation device on buildings - Google Patents

Description

Ventilation device on buildings

The invention relates to a ventilation device on buildings, by means of the excess pressures that are within the Buildings occur and are based on explosions, are relaxed and by means of which also a withdrawal of heat or smoke from inside the building caused by a fire.

If a fire spreads or an explosion occurs within the building, it is desirable To dissipate heat and smoke or to relieve the pressures created by explosions in order to reduce the effects in the building To keep damage as low as possible. The most common venting for such purposes is done through an opening provided in the roof of the building. There are a number of known venting devices which flaps are normally closed and which can be opened quickly in the event of explosion pressures or strong heat or smoke development, how they are associated with an explosion or fire. Examples of such known venting devices are described in U.S. Patents 2,827,003, 2.9 ^ 0.377, 3,182,581, 3,251,158, 3,323,438, 3,337,991.

In all such known venting devices the speed to be opened is brought into its open position Printed springs, either in the form of coiled springs or

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Torsion bars. The "built into the devices Springs are kept under constant tension so that there is a force to push the opening part into the Bring open position. This spring force must be sufficient, not only to support the weight of the part to be opened, but also to overcome frictional resistance that is present in the articulated mounting of the part or based on the working mechanism of the venting device. This strength must also be sufficient to make a To take into account load from wind pressures, namely fc the force of the wind acting on the opening part; one also has to take account of the weight of snow accumulated on the opening part or dirt deposits on it Take into account. As a result, the force that is available in the form of the tensioned spring must be considerable be greater than the force required to open the opening part is required in itself. If there is no great frictional resistance, there is no wind load or none If there is snow load, the opening part will move quickly and with great force into the open position, as soon as the link is removed. Such a rapid and powerful movement of the opening part is a hazard for the 'workers or firefighters who are in the immediate Close to the ventilation device.

One must further take into account that the force of the tensioned springs is initially determined by components of the venting device must be included in the closed position. As a result, there are a greater number of components the ventilation device under constant throughout the life of the ventilation device Stress.

The aim of the present invention is to create a

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ner ventilation device that has a drive that
when actuated, the opening part in the open position
and who, as long as no activity takes place,
does not exert stresses on the opening part or other elements of the ventilation device.

Another object of the invention is to provide a venting device in which a pressure medium drive is provided, connected to a memory which contains the pressure medium which is used to actuate the
Pressure medium drive is used.

Another object of the invention is to provide a venting device to create that has a rotatably mounted flap that is held in its normal closed position is and, when the lock provided on it is lifted, also rotated by hand into the open position can be.

Another object of the invention is to provide a
Ventilation device which is provided with a pressure medium drive which brings the flap to be opened into the open position at a predetermined speed.

In general, it is the aim of the invention to overcome the disadvantages of the known venting devices
to avoid.

The invention is based on a known form of ventilation device, in which this has a frame that has a ventilation opening located in the roof of a house forms. A flap covering the frame is pivotably connected to the frame and is connected to one on the periphery the seal resting on the ventilation opening. The flap is rotatable between its normal

Closed position and an open position in which they are from the

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Ventilation opening is sufficiently far away to allow the release of explosion pressures and the removal of heat and Smoke, to be generated inside the building. A releasable latch is provided around the flap in their normal closed position.

The basic idea of the invention is the opening movement to cause the flap not by releasing springs, but by a pressure medium drive to accomplish, which is positively connected to the frame on the one hand and the flap on the other hand is, and to provide means to cancel the existing latching of the flap.

According to the invention, the pressure medium drive, by means of which the flap is brought into the fully open position is connected to the frame and cover in such a way that it is rotatably connected to one of these two parts is and extends towards the other part with one end, with the one in the closed position in this other part the valve has not yet been effectively engaged.

"So that the pressure medium for the opening movement of the flap is always available, according to the further invention, a memory for the pressure medium for actuating the Pressure medium drive attached to this} the memory can be designed as an insertable cartridge. Preferably the storage space for the pressure medium in the insertable cartridge is closed off by a disk and it a device is provided by means of which the disc pierced or 'destroyed in another way and the way is released for the stored pressure medium.

It is preferable to use the '009817 / OA03

central drive line, a throttle element installed. By this, the flow of the pressure medium is kept at a limited value, so that with a uniform increase of the pressure in the drive, the movement of the flap when it is raised to the fully open position is a predetermined value Does not exceed the speed range. This prevents the flap from tearing open too suddenly, which on the one hand lead to damage to the ventilation device or endanger people can be used in the event of a dangerous situation in the vicinity of the Do any work on the flap. You can set a release mechanism for the opening movement by means of the Train pressure medium drive so that it is on a predetermined elevated temperature or on a certain pressure increase appeals to. In addition, manual actuation is also often provided.

You can train the trigger mechanism so that it initially the latching cancels and at the same time releases the pressure medium supply to the pressure medium drive. Man but can also train the pressure medium drive so that it, when set in motion, cancels the latching so that the opening movement can take place.

Finally, as an alternative to a device in which the pressure medium drive controls the opening and unlocking movement initiates, a latch part to be connected to the flap so that when a certain predetermined occurs increased pressure in the vicinity of the flap this latch part is ineffective. With abandoned latching the existing pressure then causes the flap to open.

Further details are explained with reference to the drawings, in which several embodiments of a venting device are shown, namely shows

009817/0 4 03 ORIGINAL INSPECTED

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the ventilation device;

Figure 2 is a cross section through the venting device corresponding to section line 2-2 of FIG. 1;

Fig. 3 is a cross section according to the section line 3-3 of Figure 2;

Fig. 4- is a cross-section taken along the cutting line 4-4 x of Figure 2;

Fig. 5 is an enlarged detail from Fig. 2 and

shows a side view of an abutment and the end of the axially movable piston rod, which comes into engagement with the abutment;

Fig. 6 is a cross section according to the section line 6-6 of Figure 2 on a somewhat larger scale;

Figure 7 is a cross-section, on a considerably larger scale, taken along section line 7-7 of Figure 2;

Fig. 8 are cross-sections correspond by Entlüftungsvorrichtun ^u gen "ai-e of Fig. 2 and modified embodiments of the ventilation device

represent;

Fig. 10 is a cross section taken along lines 10-10 of Fig. 9}

11 is a view similar to that of FIGS. 5 and represents a combined abutment and displacement '■: ■ "■■ notch arrangement,

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Pig. 12 is a section similar to that of the Pig. 2 and

represents a further embodiment of the venting device according to the invention;

Pig. 13 is the side view, on a larger scale Scale, a pressure medium drive and a

associated storage device j

Fig. 14 shows in detail a view corresponding to the section lines 14-14 of the Pig. 12;

Pig. 15 shows in a side view in a larger Μαβί Ο rod a different design of the latch

dar;

Pig. Fig. 16 is a partial bottom plan view of Pig. 15 parts shown according to the section line 16-16.

In Pig. 1 shows a venting device 20. It has a frame 22 which has a ventilation opening 24 surrounds in the roof 26 of the building and a closure part or flap 28.

How to do in Pig. 2 are at the venting device 20 hinges 50 are provided which connect the flap pivotably on the rear wall 32 of the frame. Verklinkungsorgane 34 on the front Sitting wall 36 of the frame are used to releasably hold the cover in its normal closed position. On the flap 28 an abutment 38 is arranged. A baseboard runs from the front wall 36 to the rear wall 32, on it stands the articulated foot 40. By means of a bolt 9/2 is in this the pressure medium drive 44 rotatably mounted on the wi-

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derlager 38 is directed. The cartridges 46 can be used and contain stored pressure medium which is intended for the pressure medium drive 44. There is also a trigger mechanism 48 is provided which is responsive to a predetermined elevated temperature established within the building prevails, and by the (a) the latching 3 ^ is canceled • is and (b) the stored pressure medium from the cartridge 46 is released to the pressure medium drive 44 is supplied to become.

The frame 22 has side walls 50 (only one of which is visible), which the front wall 36 with the back wall 32 connect so that in this way a vent 52 is formed. The frame 22 has an upper peripheral edge 54 surrounding the vent opening 52 and with a resilient seal 56 is provided.

The flap 28 has a circumferential rim 58 which the Surrounding frame 22, and one or more central webs 60 which run transversely to edge 58. A translucent or clear dome may be provided on skirting 58 be. The dome 62 ends in a downwardly projecting circumferential flange 64 which covers the edge strip 58. The skirting 58 can be covered with other fabrics, z. B. with metals, with opal plastic, with wood or the like. A suitable linkage 66, which is in half and fully open The position of the flap is shown in phantom in FIG. 2 and serves to limit the rotational movement of the flap 28 toward the frame 22 and toward locking the door 28 in the open position; doing this is also an unintentional Prevents the flap from closing. The linkage can contain any suitable joints.

As can be seen from Fig. 6, there is a latch 34 from an arm 68 which is rotatable at 70 on the front wall

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of the frame 22 is mounted. The arm 68 carrying the pawl 77 at the end grips over the lower transverse strip of a U-shaped part 72 which hangs on a central web 60 of the flap 28. A tension spring 74 engaging at the lower end of the pawl arm 68 holds the arm 68 in a position in which the pawl 77 engages in the U-piece 72, which can be viewed as a pawl holder. A rope 76 extends from the latch arm 68 into the interior of the building; The latch 34 can be released by means of this rope. The latch surface 77 engaging with the U-part 72 is inclined to the horizontal so that in the event of pressure waves such as occur in an explosion within the building, the latching is canceled and the flap is opened.

6 also shows a leaf spring 78 which is arranged in the vicinity of the flap 28 in such a way that it comes into engagement with the upper edge 54 of the frame 22. If the latch JH- is released, the leaf spring 76 causes the cover to be raised into a position in which the transverse part of the U-shaped element 72 lies above the latch arm 68. Therefore, a worker can relax the latch by pulling the rope 76 anywhere within the building, whereupon the leaf spring 78 lifts the cover and the connection provided by the latch 34 is released. The worker can then step onto the roof to fully open the lid 28 to inspect the vent 20 or to make repairs to it.

The pressure medium drive 44 shown in Fig. 2 has a cylinder 80 in which a piston 82 slides, and a base 84. The space 86 between the bottom 84 and the piston 82 represents the pressure chamber. The cylinder 80 has in the vicinity of the other end an opening 87 through which during

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- ίο -

the movement of the piston 82 allows air to enter and exit. The piston 82 carries a piston rod 88 which protrudes from the cylinder at the other end and in a transverse part ends, which is opposite the abutment 38.

The cylinder is in the articulated foot 4-0 by means of the bolt 92 pivoted. The cylinder is supported in its inclined position by the one on the bottom bar 4-2 ! rag foot 94-. The support of the pressure medium drive 44 through this support foot 94- ensures such an incline 10 ge of the cylinder 80 that the crosspiece 90 of the piston rod 88 is directed at the abutment 38.

As can be seen from FIG. 5, this abutment 38 comprises two plates 96 (only one of which is visible) which sit on the longitudinal web 60 of the flap. Each of these plates is provided with a recess 98 which is adapted to receive the transverse part 90 of the piston rod. The plates 96 engage under the transverse part 90, when it has assumed the position shown in broken lines in FIG. 5, in such a way that it is retained therein in the various positions which the transverse part 90 assumes during the opening of the flap 28 and in the fully open position. In W Fig. 2, the position of the flap in the fully open position is shown in dashed lines at 28 '. It can be seen that the engagement of the crosspiece 90 in the abutment 38 prevents the flap 28 from continuing its rotational movement approximately in the clockwise direction.

In FIGS. 2 and 3 it can be seen how the insertable cartridge 86 is screwed into a holder 100. A tube 102 connects the holder 100 with the pressure chamber 86 of the pressure medium drive 44. In the holder 100 there are devices by means of which the cartridge 46 can be discharged.

0 0 9817/0403

These are to be explained with reference to FIG. 7. The pa-. trone 4-6 has a screw on the at ζ 104-, by means of which it can be screwed into the internally threaded extension piece 106 of the holder 100. The inside of the extension 104 · forms a passage 108 to the outlet of the stored pressure medium. However, this outlet 108 is closed by a disc 110 which is detachably inserted into the extension piece 104-. The holder 100 furthermore has a transverse channel 112, which is connected to the tube 102 communicates.

A device is also provided in the holder 100 in order to pierce the disc 110. This can be done by means of a pin 114- which can be snapped against the disk 110 by a compression spring 116, the disk 110 breaking, in any case a sufficient opening is created therein. The pin 114 is held in its locked position by the tapered rod 118 which passes through a slot 120 in the pin 114 and rests on the cap 122 which closes the holder 100. When the rod, which acts as a trigger element, is pulled out of the slot, the spring 116 drives the pin 114 through the disc 110; while the pressure medium stored in the cartridge 46, the path through the transverse channel 112 and thus into the pipe piece 102 is released. A rope 124- is connected to the pointed rod 118; it leads to organs by means of which the pen can be released and which are to be described in more detail below.

The line pipe section 102 is provided with a constriction in the form of an opening 126 provided in an inserted disk 128. The opening 126 serves to throttle the flow of the stored pressure medium to the pressure medium drive in such a way and thereby to reduce

009817/0403

rule that in the Druckmit te loudly rubbed the gas pressure essentially increases uniformly; as a result, forces are exerted on the vent flap which has a uniform and "result in a limited opening speed. If the disk 128 were left out, the Pressure medium drive be exposed to an abrupt increase in the gas pressure. This could lead to the Opening movement of the flap exceeds a certain speed at which the piston rod 88 against the abutment 38 in a manner abuts to which the valve would be exposed to inadmissible stresses.

Any suitable gas, for example nitrogen, can be used as the pressure medium in the cartridge 46. The pressure medium can have a pressure which is between 4-0 and 175 9-ijü. At these gas pressures, a sufficient Force exerted on the fluid drive in order to avoid any reasonably expected resistance that would arise the flap acts to overcome.

The in Fig. 2 and 3 recognizable, known Auslö- ' semechanismus has a fuse wire I30, by means of which the tension spring 132 is kept under tension. Suppose that the fuse wire 13O at a predetermined Temperature, e.g. B. at 80 ° C, comes to melt. Then the tension spring 132 will contract and onto the cable 124 make a move. In the process, the pointed rod 118 is pulled out of the slot 120 (see FIG. 7). So that the stored pressure medium in the cartridge 46 is first relaxed, the pressure medium drive 44 is put into action and the flap 28 is opened.

A second cable is connected to the trigger mechanism 48 and goes from there to the latch 34. When

009817/0403

Melting the wire 13O also becomes the further cable I34 pulled and lifts the latch 34 so that the Lid 28 is released.

The trigger mechanism 48 is the primary one in the pail
a fire the pressure medium drive 44 in action

sets to bring the lid 28 into the open position.
However, should the trigger mechanism 4-8 fail, the cartridge 46 would act as a secondary trigger mechanism by which the lid 28 is opened. in the

In the event of a fire, for example, the air temperature is j the door inside the building. This also exposes the cartridge 46 to this heated air and increases the temperature Experienced. Thereby the gas pressure rises sharply inside the cartridge and reaches to any one

Point in time a certain increased value at which the

Disk 110 breaks, as a result of which the pressure medium gains access to pressure medium drive 44.

Modifications of the venting device are shown in FIGS. As far as corresponding parts in it occur, the same reference numerals have been chosen for them

been. . ^

In Fig. 8 a ventilation device is shown,
in which the pressure medium generator 44 is rotatably mounted in the articulated foot 40, which in this arrangement is located at a location on the base plate -42 that is removed
from the joint 30 is. In this embodiment has
the pressure medium drive towards the joint. The abutment 38 is in this case between the articulated foot 40 and the pivot mechanism 30. The operation of the vent

processing device 136 is similar to the operation of FIG
Device 20 shown in FIG. 2.

009817/0403

In the case of the venting device 138 shown in FIGS is shown, the pressure medium drive 44 is rotatably mounted on the central web 60 of the flap 28 and hangs from there down so that the crosspiece 90 on the base plate 42 stands up. It should come into engagement with the abutment 38a, which is also seated on the base plate 42. In this arrangement, the articulated foot 40a lies between the abutment 38a and the pivot device 30. The mode of operation this device I38 is similar to that of the device according to Mg. 1.

In Pig. 11 shows another arrangement in which a latch 142 is combined with an abutment 38b in one component. The latch 142 is formed by two tabs 144 (only one of which is visible in FIG. 11), which are rotatably mounted at 146 on the central web 60 of the flap 28. The tabs 144 have lower arcuate parts 148 which engage under the crosspiece 90 of the piston rod 88 in a hook shape. A spring 150 under tension holds the tabs 144 in engagement with the crosspiece 90. The tabs 144 also have an upstanding portion 152 which is engaged by a cable 154 which is routed into the interior of the building. The cable Λ ^ A is intended to turn the tab sections 152 counterclockwise by hand, if necessary, so that the tabs 144 come into the position shown in dashed lines. In this position, the arcuate parts 148 of the tabs 144 release the crosspiece 90 to such an extent that the flap 28 can be lifted by hand. In this embodiment, the abutment 38b is provided with a generally L-shaped recess 156 which cooperates with the curved lower portions 148 of the tabs 144 in such a way that the end piece 90 of the piston rod 88 is captively held therein. A rope 158 is attached to the curved lower parts 148 and runs towards them

Q09817 / 0403

the release mechanism 48 (not shown in FIG. 11). In this embodiment, the cross piece 90 of the piston rod 88 is through the latch 142 and the abutment 38b always kept in touch. However, the latching 142 can also be canceled by pulling on the cable 154 and thereby releases the flap 28 for opening by hand.

In Fig. 12, a venting device 160 is shown, in which the for the arrangement according to FIGS. 2, 8 and 9 typical Base plate 42 is missing. The pressure medium drive 44 is here with the rear wall 32 of the frame 22 communicating an articulated foot 40a connected. The pressure medium drive 44 is from this articulated foot 40a on an abutment 1'62 directed, which is mounted in the central web 60 at a location remote from the pivot mechanism. A latch 164 is on the central web 60 between the abutment 162 and the front wall 36 of the frame 22 intended. An attachment piece 166 seated on the articulated foot 40a supports the pressure medium drive 44 and holds it in place on the abutment 162 directed position.

In the arrangement of Fig. 13, one end is the trigger mechanism 48a connected to the annular flange 168, which is the front end of the pressure medium drive 44 belonging Cylinder forms. The spring 170 engages with one end on the trigger mechanism, while the other end with an eye 172 which sits on the plate 174 which is attached to the inside of the rear wall 32 is connected. Even the articulated foot 40a sits on this plate 174.

A line 176 carries the cartridge 46 and is used to to direct stored pressure medium from the cartridge 46 into the interior of the pressure medium drive 44. Line 176 is at one end rigidly connected to the bottom 84 of the pressure medium drive 44, while its other end in the with

009817/0403

Threaded bore 106 of the holder 100 is screwed.

Fig. 14 shows that a lever 178 is arranged on the holder 100, by means of which the pin 114 through the Disc 110 can be pushed. The lever 178 is secured by means of the articulated supports 180 (only one of which is visible) pivotally connected to the holder 100. Seated between the end of the line 176 and the bore 112 of the holder 100 the disc 128 provided with an opening 126, over whose Meaning was said above in connection with the representation of Fig. 7 as necessary. It forms a throttle in the way of the pressure medium from the cartridge to the pressure medium drive.

As can be seen from Fig. 13, the lever arm 178 is through a short rope 182 is connected to that end of the spring 170 which is connected to the trigger mechanism 48a. The rope 182 is tensioned so loosely that the cartridge 46 can be "shot" by hand by means of the rope 184, which is connected to the lever 178 and from there over a roller 186 and then extends into the interior of the housing.

When a fire breaks out, the mechanism 48a is triggered as a result of the increase in temperature and releases the spring 170 free. This pulls together and brings the cable 182 and the lever 178 in the position shown in dashed lines Figures 13 and 14 are illustrated. By such a movement the stored pressure medium is released from the cartridge 46 and flows into the line 176 and from there to the Pressure medium drive 44.

A stop is seated on the plate 174 next to the articulated foot 40a 188. Against this lies the head of a bolt 190, which is in a guide plate 192 more or less deep

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can be screwed in. This guide plate sits on the bottom 84 of the pressure medium drive 44. By adjustment of this bolt 190, the angle of inclination of the pressure medium drive 44 to the horizontal can be changed and secured be that the cross piece 90 (see Fig. 12) of the piston rod 88 with the abutment 162 exactly in engagement comes. The entirety of these adjustment elements is shown in Fig. 1p labeled 166.

In the arrangement of Figs. 15 and 16, the latch 164 formed by a pawl part 194 and a pin 196. The pawl part 194- is by means of a shear bolt 200 rotatably mounted on a holding plate 198, which is fastened to the web 60 that is part of the plate. The pawl part 194 · has a recess 202 which receives the pin 196. The shear bolt 200 is located immediately above the Pin 196. As best seen in Figure 16, the ends of pin 196 are on front wall J6 of the Frame fastened by means of screws 204.

In the event of an explosion within the building, the explosion pressure exerted on the cover 28 causes the bolt 200 sheared off and thereby releases the flap 28 for a movement into the open position, since now the pawl part is no longer in connection with the flap 28.

As can best be seen in FIG. 15, the Plate 194 · opposed to shear bolt 200 in one direction turn clockwise to the position shown in dashed lines, with the flap unobstructed can be vented by the pin 196. In this embodiment, the arrangement can be made so that that the pawl part 194- through the pressure medium drive Rotation can be brought into the position indicated by dashed lines is shown, the flap being released for movement to the open position.

009817/0403

This can be done by means of a rope 206 that is attached to an eyelet 208 and from there down through a eye arranged on the pawl part 194 ·· and then to the point 212 is curious. That part of the rope 206 which lies between the eye 210 and the point 212 lies there in the path that the crosspiece 90 of the piston rod 88 takes.

In this embodiment, the abutment 162 consists of a pair of recesses 214- (only one of which is visible is), both of which are provided in one of the downwardly projecting legs 216 of the central web 60. at Actuation of the pressure medium drive 44- is the crosspiece 90 moves towards the recesses 214- and brings, when it has penetrated into these, the flap 28 in the open position. Before the crosspiece 90 reaches the recesses 214-, detected it the rope 206 and brings it into a position where the rope touches the pin 218, which the two legs of the middle web 60 connects. The rope 206 comes into that position which is shown in phantom in FIG is. When the crosspiece 90 has come to rest on the edge of the recesses 214-, then the pawl part 194-in rotated the position, which is shown in phantom, and in this way the flap 28 for movement into the open position Approved.

The one provided in the arrangements according to FIGS. 2, 8 and 9 is missing Bottom rail 42, so is the roof opening 24 -, ^ as one • can see in Fig. 12, completely free when the flap 28 and the pressure medium drive 66 in the substantially vertical Position have come, which is shown in dashed lines. The partial blocking of the opening 24- by the articular foot 40a and the pressure medium drive 44- can practically be neglected.

With regard to the arrangement according to FIG. 13 it is noteworthy that

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that the pressure means drive 44, the cartridge 46, the trigger mechanism 48, the spring 170 »cLer articulated foot 40 and the Mounting plate 174 are combined into a unitary component which can be easily attached to the frame 22.

Claims

0-0 9817/0403

Claims (20)

Claims / 1 ^ Ventilation device on buildings in which the ventilation flap rests with a seal on the edge of a frame surrounding the outlet and of joints both in their normal closed position as well as in one. ner the outlet-releasing position is held in which a relaxation of based on explosions Overpressure and a heat and smoke extraction can take place, characterized in that a releasable latch (34) äie flap (28) in the closed position holds that a pressure medium drive (44), by means of which the flap (28) * is brought into the fully open position, with frame (22) and cover (28) in this way is connected that it is rotatably connected to one of these two parts and to the other part extends towards one end with which in the other part one in the closed position of the flap (28) is not effective Intervention is given. 2. Ventilation device according to claim 1, characterized in that that a memory for the pressure medium for actuating the pressure medium drive (44) is attached to this is. 3. Ventilation device according to claim 2, characterized in that that the memory is designed as an insertable cartridge (46). 4. Ventilation device according to claim 2, characterized in that that the storage space for the pressure medium in the insertable cartridge (46) is closed off by a disc (110) and means (114, 116) are provided by means of which the disc (110) pierces and the path is released for the stored pressure medium. 009817/0403. 5- venting device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized characterized in that a line (112) leading from the cartridge (46) to the pressure medium drive (44) Throttle member (128) is installed, through which the flow of pressure medium from the cartridge (46) to the Pressure medium drive (44) is held at such a value that with a uniform increase in the Pressure in the drive (44) the movement of the flap (28) when it is raised into the fully open position a predetermined Does not exceed the speed range. 6. Ventilation device according to claim 4, characterized in that that said device (114, 116) is put into operation at a certain elevated temperature will. 7. Ventilation device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by such a design the cartridge (46) which contains the stored pressure medium and is provided with a closure, that when exceeded a predetermined increased pressure of the closure of the cartridge (46) broken and the way for the pressure medium to the pressure medium drive (44) is released. 8. Ventilation device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that when arranged a triggering mechanism that responds to increased temperature and / or pressure and / or can be operated by hand means for releasing the latch for the opening movement by means of the compressed air drive (44) (34) and for opening the flap (28) by hand. 9. Ventilation device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized by a manually loaded 009817/0403 acting mechanism that cancels the latching (3A-) and further actuated organs which effect the supply of energy to the pressure medium drive (44). 10. Ventilation device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized by a mechanism that by a predetermined elevated temperature from Z. B. 80 ° C responsive trigger is brought into motion and the latching removes and organs continue actuated, which cause the energy supply to the pressure medium drive (44). 11. Ventilation device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a predetermined one Increased temperature responsive, possibly also manually operated devices (48) that the Release the supply of the stored pressure medium to the pressure medium drive (44) - and this is designed in this way is that he, brought into effect, thereby actuates organs (206) which cancel the latching (164). 12. Ventilation device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that either on the frame (22) or on the flap (28) an abutment (38) and on the other part a joint (40) is provided that the pressure medium drive (44) is rotatably mounted on the joint (40) and extending towards the abutment (38) and with the abutment (38) i * ¹ interference coming end piece (90) through which brought the flap (28) in the full open position will. 13. Ventilation device according to claim 8, characterized in that the joint (40, 92) on the frame (22) and the abutment. (38) is provided on the flap (28). 009 817/0403 14. Ventilation device according to ^[ claim 8, characterized in that the abutment (38) between the joint (40, 92) and the latch (34) is located. 15 · Ventilation device according to claim 8, characterized in that that the joint (40, 90) is arranged between the abutment (38) and the latch (34). 16. Ventilation device according to claim 8, characterized in that that the joint (40a) on the flap (28) and the abutment (38a) on the frame (22, 42) are arranged. 17. Ventilation device according to claim 12, characterized in that that the pressure medium drive (44) consists of a cylinder (80) "in which a piston (82) runs, whose piston rod (88) protruding from the cylinder (80) carries a crosspiece (90) at the free end, which in a recess (98) of the abutment (38) engages such that it is therein during the opening movement and is held captive even when the flap (28) is fully open. 18. Ventilation device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the latch (142) and the abutment (38b) combined into one component are (i "ig- 11). 19. Ventilation device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that for the connection a pawl part (194) with the flap (28) a part (z. B. a shear pin 200) is used that when a certain predetermined increased pressure is so ineffective that the latching is canceled is, so that the existing pressure causes the flap to open. 009817/0403 _ 2A ~ 20. Ventilation device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized by the arrangement of such an inclined support (77) d-it ratchet arm (68) on the pawl holder (72) that "in the event of vibrations of the building, the latch arm (68) slides off the latch holder (72) and releases the flap (28). 009817 / CH03