DE1939207A1 - Locking device - Google Patents

Description

HANS TRAPPENBERG PATENT ENGINEER KARLSRUHE

July 30, 1969 Tr / s

HE 702/703

Mr. Detlef Hofmann, 7531 Kieselbronn "near Pforzheim, Eutinger Strasse

Locking device

The invention relates to a device for releasable Locking of two components sliding past each other, in particular components of precision mechanical engineering.

In precision mechanical engineering in particular, it is often used required that two mutually displaceable or rotatable components on a certain, if necessary selectable point not only fixed, but also mutually locked with the lowest possible tolerance. In general one component is stationary, while the other is moved past this stationary component. For example, this requirement is raised in the case of dividing units or dividing tables, where over a stationary base a turntable is arranged, each of which can be preselected

009887/1090

(HB 702/03) -s ^ -

Angular degrees can be rotated. In the respective end position of the turntable, he must, in order to carry out machining operations, on workpieces clamped on the turntable be locked, the machining accuracy of the 'angular accuracy of the turntable and of course also depends on the firm locking.

In known constructions of this type, toothed rails or toothed rims were attached to the components sliding past one another, which engage in one another in the locking position and thus block the movement. The tolerance of the mutual displacement in the different end positions is dependent on the accuracy of the toothing and fluctuates between the individual locking points. For example, in the case of a rotary table, the tolerance can be sufficient for a rotation of 30 angular degrees in each case, but it may be insufficient for other partial angles. In addition, the components lifted perpendicular to its direction of movement for releasing the A _r retierung shifted from each other and then to the firm engagement of the teeth need to be moved towards each other again. The unavoidable wear on these moving operations, of course, increases the tolerance to the retierungsstellen A _r, so that such components are locked after a relatively short duration for the Gebrauche precision machines are no longer usable. In addition, machining perpendicular to the direction of movement of the components cannot be carried out on such dividing units, since the height of the movable component and thus also that of the workpiece surface to be machined is dependent on the engagement of the two toothed racks or ring gears. In addition, such devices, through the input and

009887/1090

(HE 702/03) '■.' ■■ .- & -

Extending the moving components into the toothing, are relatively time-consuming and, since it is "beer- ' in the case of dead times, possibly the one to be produced on such a turntable. Make workpiece considerably more expensive.

The invention has therefore made gave up, a device for releasably A _r retieren of two sliding on each other components, in particular building * share of the precision Haschinenbaues to indicate in which these disadvantages are avoided by the so the sliding on each other parts firmly and are exactly connected to each other without a mutual lifting is necessary.

This is achieved in that the components on the locking parts each have at least one, preferably canal lying perpendicular to the direction of movement have upwardly opening walls and that in two opposite channels each one, the channel walls preferably can be inserted at two points each touching ball.

In contrast to the known constructions, now no longer the two components are lifted from each other to release the lock, but it will instead> the locking element, namely in the both channels penetrating ball moved, whereby the components also at their specified distance from each other the parallel shift can maintain. This not only has the advantage that the altitude is always too can be kept the same, so it is possible, for example, with dividing heads, the workpieces also in this Direction, but it also becomes the

009887 / ^ 090 bad original

(HE 702/03). .

! Bearing rait - two degrees of freedom as well as the machine elements for mutual lifting the number of components that have to be used more is reduced to a minimum »In addition, this also means a very significant time saving, since the removal of the relatively light balls from the channels is a matter of course takes much less time than lifting the heavy components from each other and also use the rotary movement practically simultaneously with the retraction movement of the balls and also before the Biwegungsende the balls already at the locking point can be brought up.

The most important feature of this device according to the invention, however, is that it is independent of the processing of the channels adjust the ball in the channels in this way is that it rests in any case at two points in each channel, wödurah clearly fixed the locking point and calibration results in a rigid, but detachable connection of the two components over the sphere. Even, should “be with one Large number of channels the distance between the individual channels of « not be equal to each other, i.e. not in In each case the four-point contact of the sphere as described will result, the individual balls then brace each other so that they are again the same as described rigid composite classifies.

The channels are arranged so that their median planes include an angle different from zero or 180 ° between them, so the flank angle 'as well as the The depth of the channels remain constant over their entire length. At an angle of 180 °, i.e. when the channels at the Locking points lie one above the other, but at least one of the channels must narrow, for example by

009887 / 1UdO

(HB 702/03)

at least one flank angle or the depth of the channel is reduced »This measure can of course also be taken if the central planes of the channels include an angle between them.

the central planes of the channels differ from 180 °

TJm material in the manufacture of the invention according to s To save device, it is proposed to perform the channels so that the channel walls at least up to tangential contact with the. Hand ball. The tangential Contact is necessary in order to transfer clear and sufficient pressure forces to the canal walls can. Material that extends beyond these contact walls, however, it is only "dead" material and carries at most to the rigidity of the canal walls.

According to the invention, the 'opposite' Channels also mutually enclose an angle below 90 ° as well as curved, preferably in Form of a sine curve tapering towards the reversal point be. With this curve shape results up to the final one Plant of the ball on the channel walls a mutual displacement of the components, so that this a perfect adjustment by means of this fine adjustment allows.

Pressing the ball into the canal walls can be done in different ways Way done · ^;

The simplest device for this should be a hand-operated eccentric lever, especially if only one - Or two pairs of channels are provided for locking. Meg may apply to a .vice, for example

00988771090

193 3207

(HE 702/03). . ^Ρ

to be rotated on a base plate and to be determined by the device according to the invention. However, if a large number of such pairs of channels are used, it is advisable to press all the balls resiliently against the channel walls, either by spring force, centrifugal force, gravity or pneumatic or hydraulic means. This makes it possible for the ball to adapt itself optimally to the channel walls, so that the desired rigid connection between the two components is obtained via the ball. The machining inaccuracies that are within a certain tolerance are easily compensated for.

To return the ball from the locking position, it can be encompassed in a manner according to the invention by a hook-shaped Rüokholer or attached to an actuating rod _%. It is also possible to press the ball out of its locking position by hydraulic or pneumatic means known per se.

An exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention is shown schematically in the drawing. A channel 2 with constant depth t and constant plank angles / i ^ C -ι and $ (. Ρ is milled into a rigid component 1. The front edge of component 1 is beveled at an angle of about 30 ° (3) Edge slides a second component, also with a milled channel 4, of which, however, only the surface lines of the channel 4 are shown for the sake of clarity. This channel 4 also has constant flank angles etmf over its entire length, but its depth decreases ptetig, so that the arcs of the channels form an angle β of about 60 °, but the surfaces of the two parts enclose an angle of about 90 °. A ball 5 is inserted into the channels 2, 4, which is supported by a \

009887/1090

(HS 702/03)

Force P in the direction of the bisector (arrow 6) of the angle Y) is loaded . force ratios is a rigid connection between the two components and Dami $ caused a reliable detent * Depending on the steepness of the Plank angle ^ _1, ö £ ₂ of the channel walls 7, 8 is in this case a * self-locking ¹ 'obtained so that the locking against large lateral compressive forces are stable or, at larger plank angles ^ L-, "£" the locking is released at a certain lateral pressure by pushing the ball 5 out of the channels 2, 4.

009887/1090

- 'ORrQlMAl \ MSPECTED

Claims (18)

(HE 7 "2/03)
Claims Device for releasably locking two components sliding past each other, in particular components of precision mechanical engineering,
characterized, that the components (1) each have at least one channel (2, .4) at the locking point, preferably perpendicular to the direction of movement, with walls (7> 8) opening upwards, and that in each case two opposite channels (2 _r 4) one each, the channel walls (7, 8) preferably at two each: points (9, .10) above the clock-end sphere. (5) can be inserted. ^ - ^ V ..., ".-..-; · ■ - -.- ^ '^; -.! ^ ₁ - ^; λ _.- _ t -' ■ / - 2. Door direction according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the channels (2, 4) narrows in the direction of insertion of the ball (5). 3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that at least one laankenwinkel {* /,) a channel wall (7ί S) is reduced * ^ -. ;. 4. Device according to claim 3 · »characterized in that the_ELani: enwinkei (<L) is steadily decreasing. 5. Device according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the channel walls (7, 8) extend at least to tangential contact with the ball (5). 009887/1090 (HS 702/03) CJ 6. NaDi device: one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the opposite channels (2, 4) mutually form an angle Include at 90 °. 7. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that at least one of the opposite channels (2,4) is curved in its longitudinal extension ν 8. Apparatus according to claim 7 »characterized in that that the curve is one with its reversal point at the point of application of the ball (9, 10) is the lying sinusoid. 9. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ball (5) is spring loaded. 10. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ball (5) through Centrifugal force is loaded. 11. The device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ball (5) through gravity is pressed onto the channel walls (7, 8), 1 2. Device according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the ball (5) by. known pneumatic or hydraulic means can be pressed onto the channel walls (7, 8). 13. Device according to one or more of the preceding ■ claims, characterized in that the ball (5) by an eccentric lever arranged behind it on the channel walls (7, 8) can be pressed on. ... ^ - \ BATH ORIGINAL Q03337 / 1090 1933207 (HE 702/03) ^ 14. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ball (5) can be pressed onto the channel walls (7, 8) by a threaded spindle arranged behind it. 15. The device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Ball (5) encompassed by a hook-shaped Rückhol.er is. 16. The device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ball (5) can be pressed out of the locking position by pneumatic or hydraulic means known per se 17. The device according to one or more of the preceding'Ansprüche, characterized in that the Ball (5) is connected to an operating rod. 18. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one component (1) can be displaced and locked is attached to an element to be locked. ORIGINAL BATHROOM 009837/1090