DE1815332A1 - Process for binding organic compounds to polymers - Google Patents
Process for binding organic compounds to polymersInfo
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- DE1815332A1 DE1815332A1 DE19681815332 DE1815332A DE1815332A1 DE 1815332 A1 DE1815332 A1 DE 1815332A1 DE 19681815332 DE19681815332 DE 19681815332 DE 1815332 A DE1815332 A DE 1815332A DE 1815332 A1 DE1815332 A1 DE 1815332A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C261/00—Derivatives of cyanic acid
- C07C261/02—Cyanates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
- A61K47/6889—Conjugates wherein the antibody being the modifying agent and wherein the linker, binder or spacer confers particular properties to the conjugates, e.g. peptidic enzyme-labile linkers or acid-labile linkers, providing for an acid-labile immuno conjugate wherein the drug may be released from its antibody conjugated part in an acidic, e.g. tumoural or environment
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- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
- C12N11/02—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier
- C12N11/06—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier attached to the carrier via a bridging agent
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
- C12N11/02—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier
- C12N11/08—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier the carrier being a synthetic polymer
- C12N11/082—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier the carrier being a synthetic polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C12N11/087—Acrylic polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
- C12N11/02—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier
- C12N11/08—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier the carrier being a synthetic polymer
- C12N11/089—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier the carrier being a synthetic polymer obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
- C12N11/02—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier
- C12N11/10—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier the carrier being a carbohydrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2603/00—Systems containing at least three condensed rings
- C07C2603/56—Ring systems containing bridged rings
- C07C2603/58—Ring systems containing bridged rings containing three rings
- C07C2603/70—Ring systems containing bridged rings containing three rings containing only six-membered rings
- C07C2603/74—Adamantanes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S530/00—Chemistry: natural resins or derivatives; peptides or proteins; lignins or reaction products thereof
- Y10S530/81—Carrier - bound or immobilized peptides or proteins and the preparation thereof, e.g. biological cell or cell fragment as carrier
- Y10S530/812—Peptides or proteins is immobilized on, or in, an organic carrier
- Y10S530/813—Carrier is a saccharide
- Y10S530/814—Cellulose or derivatives thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S530/00—Chemistry: natural resins or derivatives; peptides or proteins; lignins or reaction products thereof
- Y10S530/81—Carrier - bound or immobilized peptides or proteins and the preparation thereof, e.g. biological cell or cell fragment as carrier
- Y10S530/812—Peptides or proteins is immobilized on, or in, an organic carrier
- Y10S530/815—Carrier is a synthetic polymer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S530/00—Chemistry: natural resins or derivatives; peptides or proteins; lignins or reaction products thereof
- Y10S530/862—Chemistry: natural resins or derivatives; peptides or proteins; lignins or reaction products thereof involving IgE or IgD
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- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
- Other Resins Obtained By Reactions Not Involving Carbon-To-Carbon Unsaturated Bonds (AREA)
- Immobilizing And Processing Of Enzymes And Microorganisms (AREA)
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Description
RECHTSANWÄLTELAWYERS
DR. JUR. DIPL-CHEM. WALTER BEIl DR. JUR. DIPL-CHEM. WALTER AT
ALFRED KCE2PF.NERALFRED KCE2PF.NER
DR. JUR. DIP.--HiV. H..J. WOLFP DR. JUR. DIP .-- HiV. H..J. WOLFP
DR. JUR. HANS CM-S. BEIL ( J DR. JUR. HANS CM-S. BEIL ( J
623FRANKFURTAMArtAIN-HaCHST623FRANKFURTAMARTAIN-HACHST
Unsere Nr0 15Our number 0 15
Pharmacia Aktiebolag Uppsala, SchwedenPharmacia Aktiebolag Uppsala, Sweden
Verfahren zur Bindung organischer Verbindungen an Polymere,Process for binding organic compounds to polymers,
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Bindung organischer Verbindungen mit einer oder mehreren Gruppen der Formel -YH1 in der -YH eine primäre oder se« kundäre Äminogruppe darstellt, an Polymere mit einer oder mehreren Gruppen der Formel -XH1 in der -XH eine Hydroxylgruppe oder eine primäre oder sekundäre Äminogruppe darstellt, unter Bildung covalenter Bindungen, wobei das Polymer mit einer Verbindung umgesetzt wird, die zur Bildung eines reaktionsfähigen Derivats des Polymers befähigt ist, und dieses Derivat mit der organischen Verbindung umgesetzt wird.The present invention relates to a method for binding organic compounds with one or more groups of the formula -YH 1 in which -YH represents a primary or secondary amino group, to polymers with one or more groups of the formula -XH 1 in which -XH represents a Represents hydroxyl group or a primary or secondary amino group, with the formation of covalent bonds, wherein the polymer is reacted with a compound which is capable of forming a reactive derivative of the polymer, and this derivative is reacted with the organic compound.
Derartige Verfahren sind bereits bekannt. Organische Verbindungen mit einer oder mehreren Gruppen der Formel -YH, deren Bindung an Polymere von speziellem Interesse ist, sind insbesondere Proteine, Polypeptide, Peptide, Aminosäuren und deren Derivate. Beispiele solcher Verbindungen sind Enzyme, Antikörper, Protein- und/oder Peptid-Hormone,.Antigen-Proteine, Allergene oder Haptene. Ein wichtiges Beispiel sind die Antikörper, die zur analytischen Bestimmung auf diese Weise an Polymere gebunden werden können. Weitere Beispiele derartigerSuch processes are already known. Organic Compounds with one or more groups of the formula -YH whose attachment to polymers is of particular interest in particular proteins, polypeptides, peptides, amino acids and their derivatives. Examples of such compounds are enzymes, Antibodies, protein and / or peptide hormones, antigen proteins, Allergens or haptens. An important example are the antibodies, which can be bound to polymers in this way for analytical determination. More examples of this
. 909830/1SQ5. 909830 / 1SQ5
organischer Verbindungen sind Derivate von Kohlehydraten, beispielsweise Polysaccharide, die eine Aminogruppe der For« mel -YH aufweisen« Beispiele für Polymere mit einer oder mehreren Gruppen der Formel -XH sind Polysaccharide wie Dextran, Cellulose, Stärke, Dextrin und 4gar-Agar ("Sepharos"), Copolymere von Dextran mit Epichlorhydrin oder Derivate dieser Verbindungen wie Hydroxyäthylcellulose und 2-fiydroxy~3~(i*'~ amino-phenoxy)-propyl-substituierte Copolymere von Dextran mit Epichlorhydrin. Auch Polyaminostyrol ist ein geeignetes Polymer»Organic compounds are derivatives of carbohydrates, for example polysaccharides, which have an amino group of the formula -YH. Examples of polymers with one or more groups of the formula -XH are polysaccharides such as dextran, cellulose, starch, dextrin and 4gar agar ("Sepharos "), Copolymers of dextran with epichlorohydrin or derivatives of these compounds such as hydroxyethyl cellulose and 2-hydroxy ~ 3 ~ ( i * '~ aminophenoxy) propyl-substituted copolymers of dextran with epichlorohydrin. Polyaminostyrene is also a suitable polymer »
φ Zur Herstellung eines reaktionsfähigen Derivats des Polymers bekannte Verbindungen sind Mittel zur Einführung von Azidgruppen, Isocyanatgruppen und Diazoniumgruppen. Die Herstellung der reaktionsfähigen Derivate ist häufig kompliziert, und die Ergebnisse sind nur schwer reproduzierbar. Es war ferner bekannt, äaft reaktionsfähige Gruppen in ein Polymer einzuführen, das eine oder mehrere Gruppen der Formel -XH aufweist, durch Behandeln des Polymers mit Bromcyan. Diese Verbindung ist jedoch sehr toxisch und daher zum Arbeiten in technischem Maßstab ungeeignet»φ To produce a reactive derivative of the polymer known compounds are agents for introducing azide groups, isocyanate groups and diazonium groups. The production of reactive derivatives is often complicated and the results are difficult to reproduce. It was also known to have reactive groups in a polymer to introduce, which has one or more groups of the formula -XH, by treating the polymer with cyanogen bromide. This connection however, it is very toxic and therefore unsuitable for working on an industrial scale »
Während Bromcyan ein reaktionsfähiges Derivat ergibt, das unter verschiedenen Gesichtspunkten außerordentlich gute w Eigenschaften zeigt, besteht ein Nachteil dieser Verbindung darin, daß die Reaktionsfähigkeit des so erhaltenen Derivats kaum variiert bezw. dem jeweiligen Fall angepaßt werden kann.While cyanogen bromide is a reactive derivative, it is extraordinarily good from various points of view w exhibits properties, a disadvantage of this compound is that the reactivity of the derivative thus obtained hardly varied resp. can be adapted to the particular case.
Gemäß vorliegender Erfindung wurde nun eine Methode ermittelt, durch die die obigen Nachteile weitgehend vermieden werden können« Erfindungsgemäß wird zur Bildung des reaktionsfähigen Derivats des Polymers eine Verbindung eingesetzt, die eine oder mehrere Cyanatgruppen aufweist.According to the present invention, a method has now been determined by means of which the above disadvantages largely avoided «According to the invention, the formation of the reactive Derivative of the polymer used a compound which has one or more cyanate groups.
Bevorzugte Verbindungen dieser Art besitzen die Formel R (OCN)x Preferred compounds of this type have the formula R (OCN) x
909830/1505909830/1505
in der R beispielsweise eine halogenierte Alkylgruppe, eine substituierte aromatische Gruppe, ein heterocyclisches Ringsystem oder eine cycloaliphatische Gruppe und χ die Zahl 1 oder 2 bedeuten, Substituenten der aromatischen Reste sind beispielsweise Nitrogruppen, Halogen wie Chlor, Alkylreste wie Methyl oder tert· -Butyl, Alkoxygruppen wie z.B. die Methoxygruppe. in which R is, for example, a halogenated alkyl group, a substituted aromatic group, a heterocyclic ring system or a cycloaliphatic group and χ the number 1 or 2 mean, substituents of the aromatic radicals are for example Nitro groups, halogen such as chlorine, alkyl radicals such as methyl or tert-butyl, alkoxy groups such as the methoxy group.
Die erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten Verbindungen mit mindestens einer Cyanatgruppe können sehr verschiedener Natur sein* Es kann sich beispielsweise um substituierte oder un~ substituierte organische Verbindungen wie substituierte oder unsubstituierte aliphatische, alicyclisch-aromatische oder heterocyclische Cyanatverbindungen handeln, oder um anorganische Cyanate wie Natrium-, Kaliumcyanat oder dgl. Als Beispiele derartiger Verbindungen seien genannt: β,β,β-Irichloräthylcyanat, 1-Adamantylcyanat, Phenylcyanat, o-Nitrophenylcyanat, p-Nitrophenylcyanat, m-Chlorphenylcyanat, p-Methoxyphenylcyanat, o-tert.-Butylphenylcyanat, 2,2-Dlmethylphenyl« cyanat, 2,M-, o-Tri-tert.-butylphenylcyanat, 2-Naphthylcyanat, 1,4-Dicyanatobenzol.The compounds with at least one cyanate group used according to the invention can be very different in nature * They can, for example, be substituted or unsubstituted organic compounds such as substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, alicyclic-aromatic or heterocyclic cyanate compounds, or inorganic cyanates such as sodium, potassium cyanate or The like. Examples of such compounds include: β, β, β-irichloroethyl cyanate, 1-adamantyl cyanate, phenyl cyanate, o-nitrophenyl cyanate, p-nitrophenyl cyanate, m-chlorophenyl cyanate, p-methoxyphenyl cyanate, o-tert-butylphenyl cyanate, 2,2- Dimethylphenyl cyanate, 2, M-, o-tri-tert-butylphenyl cyanate, 2-naphthyl cyanate, 1,4-dicyanatobenzene.
Wie bereits erwähnt, besteht das vorliegende Verfahren aus zwei Stufen. Die erste Stufe, nämlich die Herstellung des reaktionsfähigen Derivats, erfolgt gewöhnlich derart, daß man das eine oder mehrere Gruppen der Formel -XH enthaltende Polymer mit dem betreffenden Cyanat in Berührung bringt. Die Umsetzung erfolgt zweckmäßig in wässriger Lösung oder Suspension, wobei sowohl saure wie .auch basische Bedingungen möglich sind. Die pH-Werte liegen jedoch im allgemeinen zwischen 7 und 13. Die Reaktion kann ferner in von Wasser verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln, beispielsweise mit Wasser mischbaren Lösungsmitteln wie Aceton oder Dioxan erfolgen. Zur Einstellung des zweck« mäßigen pH-Werts oder pH-Bereichs geeignete Verbindungen sind Natriumhydroxyd, Calciumhydroxyd, Natriumbicarbonat, Natriumcarbonat, Kaliumcarbonat, Triäthylamin«As already mentioned, the present process consists of two stages. The first stage, namely the production of the reactive derivative, is usually carried out in such a way that one or more groups of the formula -XH-containing polymer brings into contact with the cyanate in question. The reaction is expediently carried out in an aqueous solution or suspension, both acidic and basic conditions are possible. However, the pH values are generally between 7 and 13. The reaction can also be carried out in solvents other than water, for example with water-miscible solvents such as acetone or dioxane. To set the purpose « Suitable compounds for a moderate pH value or pH range are sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, Potassium carbonate, triethylamine "
909830/ 1505909830/1505
Der geeignete pH-Wert oder pH-Bereich, der unter anderem von Reaktionstemperatur und Reaktionszeit abhängt, kann vom Fachmann leicht ermittelt werden. Die Reaktion kann bei verschiedenen Temperaturen, beispielsweise im Bereich zwischen 0 und 500C erfolgen, und die Reaktionszeit kann in einem breiten Bereich schwanken und beispielsweise von wenigen Minuten bis zu mehreren Stunden betragen. Das reaktionsfähige Derivat des Polymers wird vor der Bindung an die organische Verbindung zweckmäßig gereinigt, beispielsweise durch Waschen mit geeigneten Lösungsmitteln, etwa Wasser oder Aceton. In der zweiten Verfahrensstufe, d.h. bei der Bindung des reaktionsfähigen Derivats an die organische Verbindung, die eine ode r mehrere Gruppen der Formel -YH aufweist, wird vorzugsweise in einer schwach alkalischen Lösung bei einer Temperatur von im allgemeinen 0 bis 5O0C, beispielsweise bei Raumtemperatur, gearbeitet· Die zweite Stufe erfolgt zweckmäßig in wässriger Lösung. The suitable pH value or pH range, which among other things depends on the reaction temperature and reaction time, can easily be determined by the person skilled in the art. The reaction can take place at different temperatures, for example in the range between 0 and 50 ° C., and the reaction time can fluctuate within a wide range and can be, for example, from a few minutes to several hours. The reactive derivative of the polymer is expediently purified before binding to the organic compound, for example by washing with suitable solvents, such as water or acetone. In the second stage, ie in the binding of the reactive derivative of the organic compound having an o r more groups of the formula -YH, is preferably in a weakly alkaline solution at a temperature of generally from 0 to 5O 0 C, for example at Room temperature, worked · The second stage is expediently carried out in an aqueous solution.
Bin wesentlicher Vorteil bei der Verwendung- von Cyanatverbindungen als Mittel zur Einführung der reaktionsfähigen Gruppen besteht darin, daß man auch sehr empfindliche Verbindungen an Polymere binden kann, ohne daß erstere einer nicht erwünschten Veränderung unterliegen. Durch Umsetzung des die Gruppen der Formel -XH enthaltenden Polymers mit verschiedenen Cyanatverbindungen erhält man sehr reaktionsfähige» Zwischenprodukte, die schematisch wie folgt dargestellt werden können: A major advantage when using cyanate compounds as a means of introducing the reactive groups is that one also very sensitive compounds can bind to polymers without the former being subject to an undesirable change. By implementing the Polymers containing groups of the formula -XH with various cyanate compounds result in very reactive »intermediates, which can be shown schematically as follows:
P-X-C-O-R1 PXCOR 1
Il 1 Il 1
NHNH
worin X die obige Bedeutung besitzt und R1 den Cyanatrest darstellt. Diese Zwischenprodukte reagieren leicht unter milden Reaktionsbedingungen mit einer Aminogruppe der betreffenden organischen Verbindung. Beispielsweise kann man einen Antikörper auf diese Weise an das Polymer binden, ohne daß die Fähigkeit des Antikörpers zur Bindung seines Antigens verlorengeht·wherein X has the above meaning and R 1 represents the cyanate radical. These intermediates readily react with an amino group of the organic compound in question under mild reaction conditions. For example, one can bind an antibody to the polymer in this way without losing the ability of the antibody to bind its antigen.
Das erfindungsgemäß eingesetzte Polymer kann auch in WasserThe polymer used according to the invention can also be used in water
9 8 3 0/15059 8 3 0/1505
unlöslich sein. Als Beispiel für ein solches Polymer sei ein Copolymer aus Dextran und Epichlorhydrin ("Sephadex") genannt. Dieses Polymer ist durch verschiedene Wasseraufnahme und variierende Teilchengrößen gekennzeichnet. Zur Bindung, beispielsweise von Antikörpern an das Dextran-copolymer, kann man eine aus kleinen Körnchen, vorzugsweise von 1 bis 10 /um, e bestehende Qualität verwenden.be insoluble. An example of such a polymer is a Copolymer of dextran and epichlorohydrin ("Sephadex") called. This polymer is characterized by different water absorption and varying particle sizes. For binding, for example of antibodies to the dextran copolymer, one can be one of small granules, preferably from 1 to 10 µm, e use existing quality.
Aus nachstehendem Beispiel ist ersichtlich, daß die Art des Substituenten in der organischen Cyanatverbindung variiert werden kann. Der Substituent kann fähig sein, Elektronen abzugeben oder aufzunehmen, ferner kann er eine gewisse sterlsehe Hinderung verursachen} die Stellung des Substituenten |B gegenüber der Cyanatgruppe ist nicht essentiell. Die Aktivierung des Polymers kann bei verschiedenen pH-Werten und Temperaturen erfolgen, wobei der Fachmann für jede einzelne Cyanatverbindung die besten Bedingungen leicht feststellen kann0 It can be seen from the following example that the nature of the substituent in the organic cyanate compound can be varied. The substituent can be able to donate or accept electrons, and it can also cause a certain sterile hindrance} the position of the substituent | B in relation to the cyanate group is not essential. The activation of the polymer can take place at various pH values and temperatures, and the person skilled in the art can easily determine the best conditions for each individual cyanate compound 0
A. Herstellung des reaktionsfähigen Derivats« Allgemeines VerfahrenjA. Preparation of the reactive derivative « General Procedurej
1 g des Polymers (d.fcu vernetztes Dextran, Agar-gel von Agar-Agar, Cellulose) wird in ^O ml destilliertem Wasser 3 Minuten lang gerührt, dann werden 2 g der mindestens eine Cyanatgruppe 'aufweisenden Verbindung zugesetzt* Der pH-Wert wird auf ™ 10,7 eingestellteren automatische Zugabe einer wässrigen 2« molaren Lösung von Natriumhydroxyd auf diesem Wert gehalten. Die Reaktion wird 6 Minuten lang fortgesetzt, dann wird das Reaktionsprodukt abfiltriert und sorgfältig mit Wasser, Aceton und Wasser und schließlich Aceton gewaschen und getrocknet*1 g of the polymer (d.fcu crosslinked dextran, agar gel from Agar-agar, cellulose) is dissolved in ^ O ml of distilled water 3 Stirred for minutes, then 2 g of the compound containing at least one cyanate group are added * The pH is adjusted to ™ 10.7 set automatic addition of an aqueous 2 « molar solution of sodium hydroxide kept at this value. The reaction is continued for 6 minutes, then the The reaction product is filtered off and carefully washed with water, acetone and water and finally acetone and dried *
Die Herstellung des reaktionsfähigen Derivats kann auch bei anderen pH-Werten und unter Verwendung anderer Reaktionszeiten (Tabelle 5) erfolgen. Solche Abweichungen vom allgemeinen Verfahren sind nachstehend illustriert.The preparation of the reactive derivative can also be carried out at other pH values and using other reaction times (Table 5). Such deviations from the general procedure are illustrated below.
9Q983Q/1SQ59Q983Q / 1SQ5
B. Bindung des reaktionsfähigen Derivats an organische Verbindungen, die eine oder mehrere Gruppen der Formel -YH enthalten» B. Binding of the reactive derivative to organic compounds that contain one or more groups of the formula -YH »
1. Bindung von Insulin-Antikörpern an Teilchen aus vernetztem Dextran, 4gar*-^gar unä Cellulose.1. Binding of insulin antibodies to particles of cross-linked dextran, 4g ar * - ^ g ar un ä cellulose.
100 g des reaktionsfähigen Derivats werden in ^t-OO/Ul eines Natriumcarbonat-Natriumbicarbonat-Puffers (pH 9,2) 10 Minuten lang gequollen. 100 au. der Lösung des Antikörpers in der gleichen Pufferlösung werden dem reaktionsfähigen Derivat zugegeben, dann wird bei +It-0C 2 bis 3 Tage lang geschüttelt. Danach gibt man wenige ml einer 0,1-molaren Natriumbicarbonatlösung zu, worauf zentrifugiert und die klare Lösung abgesaugt wird. Der feste Rückstand wird mit 0,1-molarer Natriumbicarbonatlösung, 0,5-isolarem Essigsäurepuffer (pH k,5) und schließlich mit dem Puffer, der später für die auszuführende Analyse verwendet wird (Tabelle 1-^), gewaschen.100 g of the reactive derivative are swollen in ^ t-OO / UI of a sodium carbonate-sodium bicarbonate buffer (pH 9.2) for 10 minutes. 100 au. the solution of the antibody in the same buffer solution is added to the reactive derivative, then it is shaken at + It- 0 C for 2 to 3 days. A few ml of a 0.1 molar sodium bicarbonate solution are then added, after which it is centrifuged and the clear solution is suctioned off. The solid residue is washed with 0.1 molar sodium bicarbonate solution, 0.5 isolar acetic acid buffer (pH k.5 ) and finally with the buffer that will be used later for the analysis to be carried out (Table 1- ^).
2. Bindung von Cystein, Glycylleucin und Glycyltyr osin an das reaktionsfähige Derivat von vernetztem Dextran. 0,20 g des reaktionsfähigen Derivats von vernetztem2. Binding of cysteine, glycylleucine and glycyltyrosine to the reactive derivative of crosslinked dextran. 0.20 g of the reactive derivative of crosslinked
Dextran und 0,08 g Cystein, Glycylleucin oder Glycyltgrosin werden in 1 ml einer Natriumcarbonat-Natriumbicarbonat-Pufferlösung (pH 9,2) 2 Tage lang bei k°G gerührt. Das Produkt wird abfiltriert und mit 0,5-molarer Natriumbicarbonatlösung und 0,01-molarer Salzsäure und 1-molarem NaCl, und schließlich mit Wasser gewaschen. Das gewaschene Produkt wird mit Aceton geschrumpft und getrocknet.Dextran and 0.08 g of cysteine, glycylleucine or glycyltgrosine are stirred in 1 ml of a sodium carbonate-sodium bicarbonate buffer solution (pH 9.2) for 2 days at k ° G. The product is filtered off and washed with 0.5 molar sodium bicarbonate solution and 0.01 molar hydrochloric acid and 1 molar NaCl, and finally with water. The washed product is shrunk with acetone and dried.
Analyse:Analysis:
1) Die an das vernetzte Dextran gebundene Cysteinmenge beträgt 6%* 1) The amount of cysteine bound to the cross-linked dextran is 6% *
Z) Die an das vernetzte Dextran gebundene !«enge Glycylleucin beträgt 13## Z) The glycylleucine bound to the crosslinked dextran is 13 # #
3) Dio an das vernetzte Dextran gebundene Menge an Glyoyltyrosin beträgt3) Dio amount of glyoyltyrosine bound to the crosslinked dextran amounts to
In den folgenden Tabellen werden die Eigenschaften verschiedener Arten von vernetztem Dextran, die durch verschiedeneThe following tables list the properties of different types of crosslinked dextran that are produced by different
£09830/1505£ 09830/1505
organische Cyanate aktiviert sind, miteinander verglichen. Die Ergebnisse der jeweiligen Tabellen sind nicht untereinander ver· gleichbar· Unter cpm wird die Anzahl von Ausschlägen pro Mi«organic cyanates are activated compared to each other. The results of the respective tables are not mutually exclusive equal · Under cpm, the number of deflections per Wed «
nute angegeben, die mitutes indicated that with
IOC -Insulin/absorbiert durch 0,1 mg IOC -insulin / absorbed by 0.1 mg
eines Komplexes zwischen Antikörpern und aktiviertem vernetzten Dextran, erhalten wird. a complex between antibodies and activated crosslinked dextran.
CyanatCyanate
Phenylcyanat
p-Nitrophenylcyanat o-Nitrophenylcyanat
m-ChlorphenylcyanatPhenyl cyanate
p-nitrophenyl cyanate o-nitrophenyl cyanate m-chlorophenyl cyanate
cpmcpm
92009200
93009300
46004600
14001400
CyanatCyanate
PhenylcyanatPhenyl cyanate
p-Methoxyphenylcyanat 2,4~Dichlorphenylcyanat 2-tert.-Butylphenylcyanat 2,6-Dimethylphenylcyanat 1-Adamantylcyanatp-methoxyphenyl cyanate 2,4 ~ dichlorophenyl cyanate 2-tert-butylphenyl cyanate 2,6-dimethylphenyl cyanate 1-adamantyl cyanate
cpmcpm
26002600
22402240
540 2040 1100540 2040 1100
580580
CyanatCyanate
ßtß,ß-Trichloräthylcyanat 2,4,6-Tri-tert.-butylphenylcyanat cpm ß t ß, ß-trichloroethyl cyanate 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenyl cpm
3400034000
1800018000
CyanatCyanate
1-Naphthylcyanat1-naphthyl cyanate
1,4-Phenyl'endicyanat Phenylcyanat1,4-phenylenedicyanate Phenyl cyanate
cpm 1200 600 1250 cpm 1200 600 1250
909830/15909830/15
cpmcpm
112000112000
9300093000
4400044000
40004000
70007000
Natriumcyanat Polyν inylalkoho1Sodium cyanate polyvinyl alcohol1
cpm 9200cpm 9200
9000 91009000 9100
vernetztes Dextrancross-linked dextran
cpm 1000 cpm 1000
70007000
3# Bindung von Insulin-Antikörpern an Teilchen aus ver«3 # Binding of insulin antibodies to particles from different
netztem Dextran*wetted dextran *
Es wurde nach obigem Verfahren B· 1· feearbeitet, jedoch mit folgenden Abweichungen:The above procedure was B x 1 x fine, however with the following deviations:
Die Lösung des Antikörpers wurde dem reaktionsfähigen Derivat zugesetzt und bei +230C 1,2,4,6 bezw, 24 Stunden lang geschüttelt· Die Ergebnisse sind in Tabelle 8 zusammengefaßt.The solution of the antibody was added to the reactive derivative and BEZW at +23 0 C 1,2,4,6, 24 hours · shaken The results are summarized in Table 8 below.
cpmcpm
4500 4700 4800 4800 48004500 4700 4800 4800 4800
Mit Ausnahme von l-Adamantylcyanat und o-Nitrophenylcyanat waren alle getesteten Verbindungen aus der Literatur bekannt (vgl. Grigat, Ec, und Pütter, H., Angew. Ghem. 21t 219 (1967). Das 1-Adamantylcyanat wurde nach einem bekannten Verfahren g hergestellt, (vgle Kauer, J0G0, und Hendersson, W.W· J.Am, ChemeSoCe 86,, 4·732, 1964-), ebenso das o-Nitrophenylcyanat, (vgl. Grigat, E. und Pütter, R., Chem. Bere 2Z» 3018 (196^).With the exception of l-adamantyl cyanate and o-nitrophenyl cyanate, all tested compounds were known from the literature (cf. Grigat, Ec, and Pütter, H., Angew. Ghem. 21t 219 (1967). The 1-adamantyl cyanate was obtained by a known method g (cf. e Kauer, J 0 G 0 , and Hendersson, WW · J. Am, ChemeSoCe 86 ,, 4 · 73 2 , 1964-), as well as o-nitrophenyl cyanate (cf. Grigat, E. and Pütter , R., Chem. Ber e 2Z »3018 (196 ^).
1-Adamantyloyana t.1-Adamantyloyana t.
Eine 50#ige Suspension von Natriumhydrid (5 g) in Öl wurde
zweimal mit trockenem Benzol gewaschen, das dann abdekan« tiert wurde. Das .Natriumhydrid wurde sodann in 75 ml trockenem
Benzol dispergiert, danach wurden 15,3 g 1-Adamantanol züge«
setzt. Das Gemisch wurde unter Rühren ^ Stunden lang am Rück«
fluß gekocht, dann wurde auf Raumtemperatur abgekühlt« Sodann
wurden 10,5 g Bromcyan, in 25 ml trockenem Benzol gelöst, im Verlauf von etwa 15 Minuten zugetropft. Nach weiterem 10-minütigern
Rühren wurde der Niederschlag abfiltriert und mit trocke« nem Benzol gewaschen. Piltrat und Waschlösungen wurden ver«
einigt und zur Trockene eingedampft. 10 g des Rückstands wurden in 25 ml siedendem Benzol gelöst und die Lösung wurde
über Nacht bei -200C stehen gelassen» Der resultierende Nieder«
schlag wurde abfiltriert und das Piltrat wurde zur Trockene eingedampft. Der so erhaltene Rückstand wurde als Aktivierungsmittel verwendet.
o-Nitrophenylcyanat. . . .A 50 # strength suspension of sodium hydride (5 g) in oil was washed twice with dry benzene, which was then decanted off. The sodium hydride was then dispersed in 75 ml of dry benzene, after which 15.3 g of 1-adamantanol were added. The mixture was refluxed with stirring for 4 hours, then cooled to room temperature. 10.5 g of cyanogen bromide, dissolved in 25 ml of dry benzene, were then added dropwise over the course of about 15 minutes. After stirring for a further 10 minutes, the precipitate was filtered off and washed with dry benzene. Piltrate and washing solutions were combined and evaporated to dryness. 10 g of the residue were dissolved in 25 ml of boiling benzene, and the solution was stirred overnight at -20 0 C allowed to stand "The resulting low" was filtered off and the Piltrat was evaporated to dryness. The residue thus obtained was used as an activating agent.
o-nitrophenyl cyanate. . . .
13»9 g o-Nitrophenol und 11,1 g Bromcyan wurden in 30 ml Aceton gelöst, Dann wurden 10,1 g Triethylamin unter Eiskühlung in solcher -Geschwindigkeit zugetropft, daß die Temperatur nicht über 1O0G anstieg. Nach beendeter Zugabe wurde noch 5 Minuten lang gerührt« Sodann wurde das Reaktionsgemisch fil~ triert, und das Piltrat wurde in Eiswasser gegossen. Das Pro« dukt wurde abfiltriert und in einem Exsiccator-über Phosphor« pentoxyd getrocknet«, Man erhielt 1^,2 g Produkt (87$). Dieses Rohprodukt wurde als Aktivierungsmittel verwendet.13 »9 g of o-nitrophenol and 11.1 g of cyanogen bromide was dissolved in 30 ml acetone, then 10.1 g of triethylamine was added dropwise under ice-cooling in such -Speed that the temperature did not exceed 1O 0 G. When the addition was complete, the mixture was stirred for a further 5 minutes. The reaction mixture was then filtered and the piltrate was poured into ice water. The product was filtered off and dried over phosphorus pentoxide in a desiccator. 1.2 g of product ($ 87) were obtained. This crude product was used as an activating agent.
9098 30/1 50 59098 30/1 50 5
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE17469/67A SE343210B (en) | 1967-12-20 | 1967-12-20 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE1815332A1 true DE1815332A1 (en) | 1969-07-24 |
DE1815332B2 DE1815332B2 (en) | 1979-08-02 |
DE1815332C3 DE1815332C3 (en) | 1980-04-03 |
Family
ID=20303654
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE1815332A Expired DE1815332C3 (en) | 1967-12-20 | 1968-12-18 | Process for binding proteins, polypeptides, peptides or derivatives thereof to water-insoluble polymers having one or more hydroxyl or primary or secondary amino groups |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3788948A (en) |
JP (1) | JPS4928031B1 (en) |
BE (1) | BE725872A (en) |
CH (1) | CH503707A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1815332C3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR1595332A (en) |
GB (1) | GB1247896A (en) |
IT (1) | IT959324B (en) |
NL (1) | NL6818410A (en) |
SE (1) | SE343210B (en) |
Cited By (5)
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DE2365854A1 (en) * | 1972-05-03 | 1976-07-29 | Grace W R & Co | CATALYST FOR BIOCHEMICAL REPRODUCTIONS AND PROCESS FOR THEIR PRODUCTION |
US3980772A (en) * | 1969-12-02 | 1976-09-14 | Baxter Laboratories, Inc. | Methods of dissolving blood clots and the like with streptokinase chemically bonded to a carbohydrate matrix |
WO1995008348A1 (en) * | 1993-09-22 | 1995-03-30 | Henry M. Jackson Foundation For The Advancement Of Military Medicine | Method of activating soluble carbohydrate using novel cyanylating reagents for the production of immunogenic constructs |
US5849301A (en) * | 1993-09-22 | 1998-12-15 | Henry M. Jackson Foundation For The Advancement Of Military Medicine | Producing immunogenic constructs using soluable carbohydrates activated via organic cyanylating reagents |
US6309646B1 (en) | 1996-05-09 | 2001-10-30 | The Henry M. Jackson Foundation For The Advancement Of Military Medicine | Protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines and other immunological reagents prepared using homobifunctional and heterobifunctional vinylsulfones, and processes for preparing the conjugates |
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DE2322533C2 (en) * | 1972-11-06 | 1986-08-28 | Pharmacia AB, Uppsala | Method for binding immunoglobulin and tools for carrying out the method |
CA1023287A (en) * | 1972-12-08 | 1977-12-27 | Boehringer Mannheim G.M.B.H. | Process for the preparation of carrier-bound proteins |
US3925344A (en) * | 1973-04-11 | 1975-12-09 | Community Blood Council | Plasma protein substitute |
US3876501A (en) * | 1973-05-17 | 1975-04-08 | Baxter Laboratories Inc | Binding enzymes to activated water-soluble carbohydrates |
US4179337A (en) * | 1973-07-20 | 1979-12-18 | Davis Frank F | Non-immunogenic polypeptides |
US3949064A (en) * | 1973-10-26 | 1976-04-06 | Baxter Laboratories, Inc. | Method of detecting antigens or antibodies |
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US4046633A (en) * | 1974-07-01 | 1977-09-06 | University Of Utah | Direct renin assay system and method |
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US4001401A (en) * | 1975-02-02 | 1977-01-04 | Alza Corporation | Blood substitute and blood plasma expander comprising polyhemoglobin |
US4009264A (en) * | 1975-03-03 | 1977-02-22 | Meito Sangyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Complexes of polysaccharides or derivatives thereof with reduced glutathione and process for preparing said complexes |
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US4197220A (en) * | 1976-08-27 | 1980-04-08 | California Institute Of Technology | Impregnated metal-polymeric functional beads |
US4108975A (en) * | 1977-03-04 | 1978-08-22 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Radioimmunoassay system |
US4140662A (en) * | 1977-03-25 | 1979-02-20 | Ortho Diagnostics, Inc. | Attachment of proteins to inert particles |
GB1604249A (en) * | 1977-05-31 | 1981-12-02 | Kolehmainen S | Selective measurement of somatic and microbial cells |
US4229537A (en) * | 1978-02-09 | 1980-10-21 | New York University | Preparation of trichloro-s-triazine activated supports for coupling ligands |
US4289748A (en) * | 1979-05-31 | 1981-09-15 | United States Of America | Ultrasensitive enzymatic radioimmunoassay method |
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JPS5670028A (en) * | 1979-11-12 | 1981-06-11 | Teijin Ltd | Polymer bonding with albumin |
JPS57190003A (en) * | 1981-05-18 | 1982-11-22 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Wholly porous activated gel |
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US4560653A (en) * | 1983-06-06 | 1985-12-24 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Process for preparing L-aspartic acid |
US4496689A (en) * | 1983-12-27 | 1985-01-29 | Miles Laboratories, Inc. | Covalently attached complex of alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor with a water soluble polymer |
US4478938A (en) * | 1984-03-02 | 1984-10-23 | The Dow Chemical Company | Process for crosslinking polyamines |
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US4766106A (en) * | 1985-06-26 | 1988-08-23 | Cetus Corporation | Solubilization of proteins for pharmaceutical compositions using polymer conjugation |
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DK130991D0 (en) * | 1991-07-04 | 1991-07-04 | Immunodex K S | POLYMER CONJUGATES |
US5382657A (en) * | 1992-08-26 | 1995-01-17 | Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. | Peg-interferon conjugates |
DE122009000056I1 (en) * | 1995-03-22 | 2010-01-28 | Jackson H M Found Military Med | PREPARATION OF IMMUNOGENIC CONSTRUCTS USING SOLUBLE CARBOHYDRATES ACTIVATED BY ORGANIC CYANYLATION REAGENTS |
CA2215933C (en) * | 1995-03-22 | 2009-10-13 | Andrew Lees | Producing immunogenic constructs using soluble carbohydrates activated via organic cyanylating reagents |
US5874500A (en) * | 1995-12-18 | 1999-02-23 | Cohesion Technologies, Inc. | Crosslinked polymer compositions and methods for their use |
US7883693B2 (en) | 1995-12-18 | 2011-02-08 | Angiodevice International Gmbh | Compositions and systems for forming crosslinked biomaterials and methods of preparation of use |
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JP2006519766A (en) * | 2002-12-30 | 2006-08-31 | アンジオテック インターナショナル アクツィエン ゲゼルシャフト | Tissue-reactive compounds and compositions and methods of use thereof |
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-
1967
- 1967-12-20 SE SE17469/67A patent/SE343210B/xx unknown
-
1968
- 1968-12-16 IT IT4844/68A patent/IT959324B/en active
- 1968-12-18 DE DE1815332A patent/DE1815332C3/en not_active Expired
- 1968-12-18 FR FR1595332D patent/FR1595332A/fr not_active Expired
- 1968-12-19 CH CH1890168A patent/CH503707A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1968-12-19 GB GB60502/68A patent/GB1247896A/en not_active Expired
- 1968-12-20 JP JP43093636A patent/JPS4928031B1/ja active Pending
- 1968-12-20 BE BE725872D patent/BE725872A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1968-12-20 NL NL6818410A patent/NL6818410A/xx unknown
-
1971
- 1971-10-12 US US00188575A patent/US3788948A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3980772A (en) * | 1969-12-02 | 1976-09-14 | Baxter Laboratories, Inc. | Methods of dissolving blood clots and the like with streptokinase chemically bonded to a carbohydrate matrix |
DE2365854A1 (en) * | 1972-05-03 | 1976-07-29 | Grace W R & Co | CATALYST FOR BIOCHEMICAL REPRODUCTIONS AND PROCESS FOR THEIR PRODUCTION |
WO1995008348A1 (en) * | 1993-09-22 | 1995-03-30 | Henry M. Jackson Foundation For The Advancement Of Military Medicine | Method of activating soluble carbohydrate using novel cyanylating reagents for the production of immunogenic constructs |
US5651971A (en) * | 1993-09-22 | 1997-07-29 | Henry M. Jackson Foundation For The Advancement Of Military Medicine | Producing immunogenic constructs using soluble carbohydrates activated via organic cyanylating reagents |
US5693326A (en) * | 1993-09-22 | 1997-12-02 | Henry M. Jackson Foundation For The Advancement Of Military Medicine | Producing immunogenic constructs using soluble carbohydrates activated via organic cyanylating reagents |
US5849301A (en) * | 1993-09-22 | 1998-12-15 | Henry M. Jackson Foundation For The Advancement Of Military Medicine | Producing immunogenic constructs using soluable carbohydrates activated via organic cyanylating reagents |
US6309646B1 (en) | 1996-05-09 | 2001-10-30 | The Henry M. Jackson Foundation For The Advancement Of Military Medicine | Protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines and other immunological reagents prepared using homobifunctional and heterobifunctional vinylsulfones, and processes for preparing the conjugates |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS4928031B1 (en) | 1974-07-23 |
FR1595332A (en) | 1970-06-08 |
DE1815332B2 (en) | 1979-08-02 |
US3788948A (en) | 1974-01-29 |
CH503707A (en) | 1971-02-28 |
BE725872A (en) | 1969-06-20 |
GB1247896A (en) | 1971-09-29 |
SE343210B (en) | 1972-03-06 |
DE1815332C3 (en) | 1980-04-03 |
NL6818410A (en) | 1969-06-24 |
IT959324B (en) | 1973-11-10 |
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