DE1809589A1 - Carpet with permanent anti-static properties - Google Patents

Description

PATENT LAWYERS

DR. E. WIEGAND DIPL-ING. W. NIEMANN

DR. M. KÖHLER DIPL-ING. C. GERNHARDT 1 8 ü ij D ö

MÖNCHEN HAMBURG

phone, 555476 8000 MONCHen 15.15. ' November 1968

TELEGRAMS) KARPATENT NUSSBAUMSTRASSE 10

W. 13 995/68 13 / Loe

Teijin Limited Osaka, (Japan)

Carpet with permanent anti-static properties.

The invention relates to carpets with permanent adhere antistatic properties.

In use, and particularly in low humidity use, carpet has the undesirable side Tendency to build up a static charge in the carpet itself and in people walking over it and caused such electrostatic disturbance as electric shock to the body, promotion the soiling of the carpet. To solve this problem, the suggestion was made of the surface structure a woolen carpet a small amount of stainless steel fibers of the type 3o4 -in their Incorporate stack form (Modern Textile Magazine, June 1967, pages 53-56). Also a polyaraide carpet (Nylon carpet) that contains a small amount of copper

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contains wire (about 100 microns in diameter), is available in stores. However, since the textile fibers commonly used in carpets differ significantly in their behavior from the metal fibers, arise in connection with their Mixing and processing as much as possible with the hand of the products obtained. Probtoe and difficulties. Besides is the manufacture of. Metal fibers of fine denier and especially not easy in the form of honeysuckle " and their manufacture is often an expensive operation.

According to the invention there is provided a carpet with permanent antistatic properties which is characterized in that about 0.1 to 10 wt .-% of an electrical in its surface structure Conductive fiber material are incorporated, these fibers being a substrate made of chemical fibers which an electrically conductive coating is formed in order in this way to an electrically conductive fiber material to obtain, which has the functional own shafts of textile fibers, include.

The term "fibers" as used herein includes, if nothing else is specified _for such staple fiber of shape as well as those having a continuous thread form.

The electrically conductive fibers used in the carpet according to the invention include a substrate of Chean fibers from a poly-

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ORIGINAL IHSPECTED

merins, for example polyamide, polyester, acrylic polymorate., polypropylene, cellulose acetate or regenerated cellulose, on which an electrically conductive coating is formed, and the fibers formed in this way have the functional properties of textile fibers. The term "functional properties of textile fibers" as used herein generally denotes the presence of mechanical properties whereby a fiber ^{can be subjected to the usual spinning, twisting, crimping, tv r} eb, knitting or knitting operations and can withstand such conditions which the fiber usually encounters during these treatment steps and the conditions during their use, ie such conditions as abrasion, elongation or tensile stress, bending stress, repeated bending, repeated stretching and relaxation and repeated compression and relaxation, can withstand, and denotes that Presence of compatibility and processability together with the common organic textile fibers. The electrically conductive fibers to be used in the carpet according to the invention should have mechanical properties which correspond to those of the ctenic properties used as the substrate

in approximately
Fibers / are comparable. They should generally have a tensile strength of at least about 1 g / denier, preferably at least 2 g / denier, an elongation at break of at least about 3%, preferably about 10% and an initial modulus of no more than about 3,000 kg / mm, preferably no more than have about 2,000 kg / mm. The electrically conductive fibers used should

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preferably not only in the aforementioned mechanical properties in the longitudinal direction, but also in their mechanical properties in the Ouer or side direction, for example in the Biegr viability and in their chemical properties, e.g. in their ability to handle the usual rinsing, dyeing and ... Resist laundry indulgence. aside from that the electrically conductive fibers to be used according to the invention are generally intended to be one low density of less than 2.5 g / cm and preferably a lower density of less than 2, o g / cirr.

The electrically conductive coating can be formed on the substrate fibers in the following way: For example, a solution or emulsion of a polymeric binder, the finely divided silver, Gold, platinum, brass, nickel, aluminum, tungsten or other finely divided metals and other finely divided metals contains electrically conductive materials, e.g. copper oxide or carbon black dispersed therein applied to the surface of the substraifibers, after which the coating is dried and if necessary the polymeric binder is cured. On the other hand, the conductive coating of metals such as nickel, Copper, cobalt, chromium, zinc, tin, or other metals on the substrate fibers by chemical plating formed x ^ earth, with a coating of metals such as aluminum, copper or others Metals can also be formed on the substrate fibers by vacuum evaporation. If necessary

9 grandma mo7

can also be a top coat made of an organic polymer on the surface of the electrically conductive Coating 4 applied v / earth. The electrically conductive fibers to be used according to the invention are preferably those with an electrical resistance of approximately above about 2,000 megohms per cm.

As indicated above, the carpet according to the invention contains a minor amount of the above described fibers in its surface structure.

The term "surface structure" used here denotes the structure or structure of the surface layer of the carpet and refers in particular to the knobs or the pile of fiber bundles (Bunch yarn) of the surface layer in the case of a pile or knobbed carpet, which is a cloth underlay comprises on which fiber bundles are formed into knobs or tufts; the pile or knobbed yarn of the surface layer of the carpet in the case of woven carpets with a pile construction of loops or cut pile Pile, for example a hand-tipped Wilton and Brussels carpet; the structure of the surface layer a carpet in the case of woven carpets such as plain or plain weave carpets; Combination weave and inled weave; and the surface layer fabric, in particular the surface layer part, namely the zone within about 1 mm. of the surface in the case of non-woven tapestries, which consist of bound webs j the other zones apart from the surface structure

of the carpet, for example, the basic texture of a quilted or pleated carpet3 and those other parts apart from the pile or knobbed yarn of the velvet-like or knob-like woven carpet do not necessarily have to contain the electrically conductive fibers. Pur achieving remarkable anti-static effects, the electrically conductive parsers are in need of surface structure or in the OTberflächenaufbau of the carpet in an amount of at least 0.01 percent. -Io be present. Although it is sometimes possible to obtain the antistatic effects even with amounts smaller than those specified above, the effects are often not stable. On the other hand, the electrically conductive parsers are in an amount of about 2 ms 10 wt -.% Is incorporated, the proportional Yerbesserung takes the antistatic effects corresponding to the increase of the electrically conductive parsers are allmählichalb if the latter value is approached. Therefore, the use of the electrically conductive fibers in an amount in excess of about 10% by weight is not only unnecessary but also costly. Accordingly, for practical reasons, the electrically conductive fibers should be used in the surface structure of the carpet to an extent of about 0.01 "to 10 wt .-% and preferably about 0.05 to 2 wt .- $,

In the palle of pleated and woven carpets the electrically conductive fibers advantageously incorporated into the material forming the carpet in the form of endless threads. If that's the surface

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The material forming the door of a carpet, e.g. an from Staple fiber is spun pile or knobbed yarn, the incorporation of the electrically conductive Fibers also by mixing these staple fibers with the electrically conductive fibers in the form of Staple fibers executed v / ground. However, it is even in the case when the pile or knobbed yarn is made of spun Fibers consists, still advantageously, of the electrical TErh to use conductive fiber material in its endless thread form, with it in this form the separately produced spun yarn is combined. Bs was confirmed to be better and More stable antistatic effects could be obtained by using the electrically conductive fiber material in whose endless thread form was incorporated, a ^ s if an equal weight of electrically conductive Fiber material was incorporated in the form / staple fibers. In particular, if the material forming the surface structure of the carpet is an endless one There is thread yarn, the electrically conductive fiber material in the endless thread form in advantageous Way used. Although the electrically conductive thread material is attached to the carpet during the knotting or Weaving of the carpet can be incorporated by doing the buttoning and weaving with the electrically conductive Thread material that aligns with the thread yarn that forms the surface structure of the carpet is, executes, it is of greater advantage to use a thread yarn, which is the electrically conductive Thread was incorporated beforehand. This can e.g. can be achieved by having at least one end, and preferably one end of an electrical

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conductive, crimped or uncrimped fiber. in monofiberforra with a bundle of threads, for example crimped polyamide or polyester threads and then tied these bundles of thread together. On the other hand, the incorporation of the electrically conductive fiber can be carried out by using a or several uncrimped electrically conductive Kono threads with a bundle of pile or knobbed threads combined and then given the bundle mechanically a crimp, whereupon it is twisted.

It was not to be expected that the according to the invention Electrically conductive thread used from the crimped, twist, nub or pile formation and could withstand T'Ieb treatment. Moreover, it was surprising that the incorporation, from only one end of an electrically conductive monofilament into a yarn bundle of a "knobbed yarn, the usually has a titer of the order of 1000 to 5000 was completely effective. In addition It was surprising that not all of the burl or pile bundles of fibers contained the electrically conductive thread must contain. The desired antistatic effect can be achieved through the arrangement of the knobbed bundles of fibers, containing the electrically conductive thread, spaced less than about 30 cm apart, and preferably less than about 10 cm can be achieved. This matches with incorporating at least one end of the electrically conductive fiber in the form of a continuous filament

arste to first to

m every / eightieth and preferably every / twenty-seventh Tufted or pile bundles of fibers. This can be applied to woven carpets in a similar manner.

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The electrically conductive threads can be present in the woven structure of the carpet surface in areas of less than about 30 cm and preferably less than 10 cm. For example, it is sufficient in the case of a "dumb Florwebteppichs that wenigstens'ein TCnde from the electrically leit.f- ^yv p ^ n fibrous material in

endless thread ^ n ^ o ^ Tn in every / eightieth and first to ' . "

v / else in every ^ / twenty-seventh ^ nd of the pile yarn is available.

In the case of non-woven carpets, the electrically conductive fiber material is incorporated into the web or layer which is the surface layer of the carpet. This is usually conveniently carried out by forming the layer or web which is the surface layer portion of the carpet from a staple fiber mixture obtained by cutting a cable containing an electrically conductive thread into staple fibers. However, it is also possible to form the web or layer from a staple fiber mixture, which consists of a mixture of the stack material used for the web and the electrically conductive fiber material in stack form network-like material formed from the electrically conductive fiber material is arranged in the vicinity of the surface of the web or layer produced in advance. The thus obtained, the electrically conductive Farermaterial-containing sheet or web can then 7 \\ processed a nonwoven carpet after a geegneten Bam-operation

v / earth

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for example through the usual gluing methods, Needle punching, quilting or a Combination of these ways of working. If the non-woven Carpet by layering a number of lengths of these layers or, if necessary, through Layering the plies should be formed with a suitable base or backing cloth, with a Gluing the layer arrangement is carried out, it is sufficient that only the the surface layer the layers forming the carpet, especially the layers within about 1 mm from the surface, contain the electrically conductive fiber material, it being unnecessary, the electrically conductive Fiber material of the undercloth or the ply which is the part removed from the surface of the carpet forms to incorporate.

The desired and suitable electrically conductive fibers which are used according to the invention in carpets comprise a substrate made from a chemical fiber on which an electrically conductive coating made from a polymeric binder matrix material with finely divided particles of an electrically conductive material dispersed therein has been to make a sufficient extent, the electrical resistance of the fiber is less than about 2000 "legohn / cm, is formed, wherein the thickness of this coating average of about o, 3 to 15 Kikron sawn ^{t: t} wears. In addition, the electrically conductive fiber has the functional properties of textile fibers. An electrically conductive fiber material of this type

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can be conveniently and effectively produced by applying either a solution or an emulsion of a polymeric binder in which fine metals or other electrically conductive finely divided materials are dispersed to the hub surface, then drying and, if necessary, the polymeric binding agent hardens . V as a substrate fiber / earth with regard to their adhesion to the conductive coating and its mechanical strength in particular fibers of synthetisehen linear polyamides, such as poly-C-capronamide (nylon 6) and POL3 ^r hexamethylene adipamide (Itylon 66) are preferred, with those having a titer of 5 to 5o den, and preferably about 1o to 3o den in an advantageous ^T. '. ^T else used v / erden.Das substrate fabric material is preferably in a monofilament form. Fine particles of "silver" and electrically conductive carbon black are preferred as the fine electrically conductive material to be used according to the invention in terms of resistance to rinsing and dyeing treatments, resistance to washing, weather resistance, chemical resistance and electrical conductivity Materials are mixed and dispersed in an adhesive composition, ie a liquid composition containing a suitable polymeric binder, and this dispersion is applied to the sub-fiber. Useful polymeric binders are the various synthetic resins of the acrylic, epoxy, phenolic, urethane , Melamine, urea, polyester, vinyl and silicone types, natural and synthetic rubbers and

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Mixtures thereof. In each individual case, however, should a suitable selection taking into account the properties of the binders, for example theirs Adhesion to the substrate fiber, the abrasion resistance-1 <Dit and chemical resistance of the cured coating and the flexibility of the coated substrate fiber will. Also of a synthetic liquid composition Thickeners, anti-aging agents, modifiers for imparting flexibility on the coating, hardeners for the polymeric binder and other additives are incorporated. Examples of suitable polymeric binders are the combinations of oil-soluble phenolic resins with chloroprene polymer, Styrene / butadiene mixed polymer, acrylonitrile / butadiene mixed polymer and other synthetic rubber materials; Combinations of a bis-phenol / epichlorohydrin type epoxy resin with an epoxy equivalent of about 170 to 25o with a polyamide resin, an epoxidized vegetable oil or a liquid polyalkylene sulfide; a terminated polyurethane urea Ν, Ν-disubstituted Ureylengrupperyf the combination a partially stiffened vinyl chloride / vinyl acetate copolymer and a melamine resin modified with n-butanol '; and the combination of an ethyl acrylate / .Styrene / hydroxyethyl acrylate copolymer and a melamine resin modified with η-butanol.

The lower limit of the amount of finely divided particles of an electrically conductive material contained in the electrically conductive coating should be present,

* of relatively low molecular weight

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is subject to a restriction with regard to the conductivity of the fiber. VJenn the finely divided electri ^ soh leitf ^;; If the material used is a metal, e.g. silver, the content of the metal in the coating must be brought to at least 50 % by weight, while if the electrically conductive material consists of carbon, the carbon content in the coating must be at least 5% by weight. -i «brought v / earth. It is further preferred that the thickness of the coating be at least about 0.3 microns in the case of finely divided metals and at least about 0.7 microns in the case of carbon in view of the persistence of conductivity. On the other hand, the upper limit is the thickness of the electrically conductive coating and the upper limit is that of the. Coating contains the amount of finely divided particles of the electrically conductive material imposes a practical limit on the mechanical properties, particularly the flexibility of the fibers, the strength of the coating and the adhesion between the coating and the substrate Thickness is not only unnecessary in terms of conductivity, but also undesirable in terms of flexibility. A coating that contains finely divided metals as electrically conductive material should preferably have a mutated thickness that does not exceed about 10 microns Metals in an amount in excess of about 90% by weight or carbon in an amount in excess of about 60% by weight are generally poor in terms of their strength and adherence to the substrate and therefore tend to peel off the substrate easily during the stages of treatment and in use /

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Another desirable type of electrically conductive fiber used in the carpet of the invention comprises a substrate of chemical fibers and a metal coating having an average thickness not greater than about 1.5 microns, the metal coating The fiber so formed has an electrical resistance of less than about 2,000 megohms / cm and exhibits the functional properties of textile fibers. The method of making electrically conductive fibers of this type comprises chemically plating the substrate fibers v with a Metall.Als Substraffasern / ground in this case, in view of the ease of application of the metal coating and preferably on the ability of fibers to adhere to metals, in particular those Acrylpolyinerisstfasern, in which the content of acrylonitrile at least 8o llol-% by weight, as well as those polyester fibers whose alkylene terephthalate content is at least 8o mol, ^ is. The substrate fibers can have a textile titer of about 1 to 50 den.

The metal coating can be applied to the substrate by a process which, in itself, is chemical Plating of organic polymeric materials is known, followed by electroplating if desired. The chemical plating can be carried out on substrate fibers of multi-thread, monofilament or staple form. When performing chemical plating of shaped Articles, e.g., molded articles made of organic polymeric materials, generally become such Pretreatments such as mechanical roughening, degreasing,

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Etching, sensitization and activation of the surface carried out. The mechanical surface roughening is performed to a rough surface which form suitable int for the implementation of Ketallplnttierung, 7, \ i, but in the case of a Subctratn in fiber form, this step is not particularly necessary because the surface of the fiber up to is roughened to an appropriate extent to be already suitable for the metal plating to be carried out. When using ACR3 ^r lfasern as the substrate further comprises a satisfactory metal coating can be formed on the substrate, even if the etching step is v / eggelassen. The etching of polyester fibers is most conveniently carried out with an alkali to such an extent that there is a weight loss of 0.3 to 10% by weight. Aqueous or alcoholic solutions of such alkalis, for example sodium p-hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and potassium carbonate, can be used as the etching agent, although the use of an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is particularly desirable. The polyester fibers are immersed in such an alkaline bath, the concentration and temperature of the bath and the duration of immersion being appropriately selected so that the weight loss due to dissolution is in the range of 0.3 to 10 wt If, for example, an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is used, this can be completely achieved by treating a degreased polyester fiber material for 3 seconds to 30 minutes at 50 to 10O ⁰ C using a bath with a concentration of 0.5 to 3o wt .-% treated. The substrate fiber, which in this way a

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chemical treatment is then used with water washed or washed with water after neutralization with a dilute Hur solution and then the next S £, ufe supplied. The degreasing, sensitizing and activation steps can also be well known procedures for applying chemical "placement." on molded objects made of organic polymers.

The chemical plating is carried out on the pretreated substrate. Examples of metals that are used for a Chemical deposition on the substrate are suitable are nickel, copper, cobalt, chromium, zinc and tin, of which Nickel is advantageous for ease of plating and for economic reasons. In terms of The composition of the electroless nickel plating bath is of various types, e.g., soluble nickel salt /. Hypophosphite, soluble nickel salt / boron nitrogen compound and soluble nickel salt / urea. Although in principle any of these compositions are satisfactory to use can reach the bath of soluble nickel salt / Phosphite-kind is expedient and betjuem and in particular a bath of this type, which is acidic, is preferred. An excellent one Electrically conductive fiber can be used in a very short treatment time using a relatively high plating bath temperature can be obtained. For example, if an acid plating bath that is mainly consists of 20 g / l of nickel sulfate, 24 g / l of sodium phosphite and 27 g / l of lactic acid and its pH has been adjusted to 5.6 is used, a satisfactory treatment with a plating

bath temperature of 60 to 98 ⁰ C and a Behrmdlungsdpuer of 10 seconds to 9 minutes. In particular, when the treatment is carried out at a plating bath temperature of 80 to 90 ° C., a fiber having excellent conductivity can be satisfactorily obtained even when the treatment time is less than 1 minute. As described above, since electroless nickel plating can be carried out under treatment conditions which require a very short treatment time, it is particularly appropriate to use it in the continuous electroless plating of filaments. The metal coating, which has been chemically deposited on the substrate fibers, can, if desired, be reinforced in its thickness by further deposition of metal thereon by means of electroplating. The metal to be applied by electroplating may be the same as or different from the metal applied by chemical plating.

The thickness of the metal coating formed on the substrate fiber must be controlled / to ensure that the product retains the functional properties of textile fibers. A metal coating of excessive thickness results in a product with poor mechanical properties (elongation and flexibility) and is also unnecessary in terms of conductivity. The upper limit of the average thickness of the metal coating will depend on the class and the fineness of the titre of the fiber substrate, the A _r t of the metal and the intended use, provided for which the end product

90SM2 / 160?

is whether, but in most cases it is 1.5 microns should not exceed. On the other hand is the lower one Orenze the mean thickness of the metal coating by one ■ "•" "lohe given, which is sufficient, nrr the Fnror loitföhi n · to nnchen. Fc was found to have frequent discontinuities were present in the metal coating, its middle Thickness was less than 0.01 microns, and that as a result the coated product often did not have a conductivity of satisfactory stability. Preferably therefore, the mean thickness of the metal coating becomes within a range of from 0.1 to 1.5 microns and particularly 0.1 to 0.5 microns regulated.

A top coating made of an organic polymeric material can be applied to the electrically conductive fiber. In the case of electrically conductive fibers having a metal coating produced by chemical plating or a coating applied by vacuum evaporation, it is particularly preferred to apply a top coat to protect the metal coating from oxidation and corrosion as well as from peeling from the substrate topcoat as less-about ■ 2ooo megohm / cm -erteilt an electrically leiiföhige fiber having an electrical resistance of an electrical resistance on the order τ ^{"η η} several 1ooo Ilegohm / cm of the fiber, surprisingly ^T- was / * else found that a fiber with such a high resistance could be used effectively for the achievement of the purposes according to the invention, provided that the electrically conductive output fiber has an electrical

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r 19-

electrical resistance of less than about 2,000 Mepohm / m owns. Preferred organic polymeric materials that are to be applied are the synthetic polymers the KautFchukart, which is unrelated to you Characteristic of the ability to attach to metal, as well as the water-repellent Polymers of the silicone resin type, although others can also be used.

The electrically conductive fibers used according to the invention include not only those in which the electrical resistance is in the order of magnitude of a common conductor, but also those in which the electrical resistance is very high, e.g. 2,000 megohms / cm. It is surprising to find a remarkable antistatic effect is exhibited even if a small amount of a fiber material with a such high electrical resistance is incorporated. The mechanism of preventing an electrical Charging cannot be easily explained. In general, a high voltage in excess of 1,000 results Volt addresses the problem of unfavorable electrification of common organic textile fibers, the Amount of electrostatic (electristaticity); generated at this time is very small. It will therefore assumed that even in the case of such a high electrical resistance, the local actual electrical breakdown of the coating takes place under such a high voltage, and that the electrostatic Charge is easily diverted or destroyed by this electrically conductive fiber such effects as a gaseous corona discharge,

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Surface flashover and tracking (tracking) and leakage, which reduces the accumulation of electrostatic charges is prevented. This seems essential to preventing an electrostatic Charge to contribute. In addition, the dispersion or distribution of electrostatic charge appears due to the electrically conductive fiber and the shielding effect of the fiber to the antistatic effect to contribute.

The electrically conductive fibers used according to the invention retain their functional properties Properties of textile fibers and exhibit different conditions that normally occur occur repeatedly during the manufacture of carpets and during their use, e.g. against abrasion Bending, repeated stretching and relaxing, rinsing or cleaning, dyeing and washing have durability on. The conductive fibers according to the invention can very easily during the carpets Manufacture to be incorporated. The carpets according to the invention, which have a small amount of electrical Containing conductive fibers, have permanent antistatic properties, and their appearance and grip are also very satisfactory. Also, the electrically conductive fibers are with the others Fibers, which form the surface structure of the carpet, compatible and accordingly their tendency to Little separation or detachment on the surface during use of the carpet.

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The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of examples. The resistance of the electric Conductive fibers, as indicated in the examples below, were tested using an FM tester (Frequency Modulation Device), Model L-19-B, and an Automatic Isolation Ohm Meter, Model L-68, (manufactured by Yokogawa Electric Works, Japan) and the breaking strength, elongation at break and the Young's initial modulus was determined using a Sample of 5 cm length with a StMckgeschwindigkei.t of 5 cm / min. The value of the charging voltage (electrification voltage) was produced using a potentiometer of the collective type, model K-325, (' by Kasuga Electric Company, Japan). The keep of electrically conductive fibers is the percentage by weight of electrically conductive fibers, based on the in organic textile fibers present in the carpet surface structure.

Unless otherwise specified, the in

given in the examples below ^ parts and percentages the compositions based on weight.

example 1

10 parts of a finely divided, flaky silver material (mean particle size 1.5 microns), 10 parts of a nitrile rubber-phenol binder (solids content 24%) and 10 parts of methyl isobutyl ketone were mixed thoroughly to produce a paste through which a crimped poly- <f -capronamide monofilament (nylon 6) with a titer of 2o den was carried out,

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whereupon the thread was passed through a slot, to regulate its coating thickness. The Monofnden was then by heating with an infrared lamp hardened to an electrically conductive monofilament (Λ) with an electrically conductive coating of a average thickness of 0.4 microns and with an average resistance of 500 megohms / cm.

The electrically conductive Fndsn

W had the following fiber properties: a breaking strength of 4.0 g / den (5.1 g / den, calculated on the basis of the fineness in oen of the substrate thread), an elongation at break of 40 ^c } and a Young ¹ see initial modulus of 30 g / mnr , v. has been displayed ^r odurch that the yarn has a strength and a bending ability and flexibility and elasticity, which are hardly different from the corresponding properties of the substrate fiber. The density of the thread was as low as 1.3 g / cm.

A polyamide yarn, in which an electrically conductive monofilament material is incorporated, was produced by twisting this electrically conductive monofilament with crimped polyamide yarn (on 26oo den / 136 threads). D? S amidgarn above-mentioned non-electrically conductive POL3 ^r and the electrically conductive yarn were used and there were 3 types of pile carpets prepared by one end of the latter yarn at intervals of, 2, 4, and 6 from the former ruled (Sample Nos. A-1, A-2 and A-3, respectively). On the other hand, it was for

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OBSGiNAL INSPECTED

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For comparison purposes, a pile carpet was also used of the above-mentioned non-electrically conductive polyamide yarn alone. The different Prohons then cleaned or rinsed, colored, and subjected to a Bp.ck treatment. The samples thus obtained were covered with a cloth made of polyester fibers a speed of 6 cm / sec. under conditions of temperature of 20 ° C and relative humidity rubbed by ^ o / o. The electrification or charging voltages these samples were 30 sec. after the electrification voltage has reached the saturation value achieved, measured. The results obtained are compiled in Table I below. It can be seen that pronounced antistatic effects due to the incorporation of only a very small amount of electrically conductive threads.

incorporation Table I. A- (96) Charging sample of electric Extent? from at tension No. conductive fa- incorporation guiding of carpet
(Volt) —Den.iru carpet electric capable threads, be "..", rehearse moved to total bobble thread + 2000 no (control) 0 + 700 - Distance every 2 0.50 + 800 A-1 Distance every 4 o, 25 + 1000 A-2 Distance every 6 0.17 A-3

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■ Furthermore, a monofilament made of poly-e-capronnnid was used (Mylon6) with a titer of 15 den by a similar one Paste, as described above, guided and then hardened by heating, as stated above, wherein an electrically conductive thread (B) with an electrically conductive coating of a medium thickness of 2.8 microns and with an average resistance of 3o ohms / cm was obtained.

This electrically conductive? The thread had a breaking strength of 3.1 g / den. (5.6 g / denier, calculated on the basis of the fineness of the substrate thread), an elongation at break of 45%, a Young's initial modulus of 26o kg / mm and a density of about 1.7 g / cm

The electrically conductive thread thus obtained was used and Pol3 ^r amide pile carpets were produced by the same procedure as described above, the electrically conductive thread being incorporated at intervals of 6, 12 and 40 respectively. (Sample Nos. B-1, B-2 and B-3, respectively). About this carpets and rugs examined above a temperature of 25 ⁰ C and a relative humidity of 3o% was gone with shoes with leather soles in conditions. The saturated electrification voltage of the human body was measured, and the results shown in Table II below were obtained. .

If a polyamide pile carpet, which the electrically conductive threads had not been incorporated, began

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a high electrification voltage, for example as indicated in the table below, Formed in the human body and a severe electric shock was when touched a grounded conductor, for example made of metal. However, if a small amount of the electrical When conductive threads were incorporated, the electrification voltage of the human body was in all of them Cases low and such electric shock was hardly observed.

Table II

Sample no. Incorporation of extent of incorporation- electrical

electrically conductive
capable threads in
the carpet samples exercise in electrical
conductive threads,
based on total
bobble yarn {%) , fication
tension
of human
lichem
Köroer
(YoIt) no (control) 0 - 5ooo A-1 Distance every 2 0.50 - 3 oo A-2 Distance every 4 0.25 -? 50 A-3 Distance every 6 0.17 - 400 ' B-1 Distance every 6 0.17 - 400 B-2 Spacing every 12 0.09 - 500 B-3 Spacing every 40 0.03 - 1000

In addition, the carpet labeled Sample No. A-1 was coated with a vinyl chloride resin abrasive uneven surface abraded by turning, (load 0.5 g / cm, 23 rpm) whereupon the carpet with a cloth made of polyester fibers in the same VM.se, as

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BATH ORIGINAL

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described above, was rubbed. The rinhei educated Electrification voltage "was measured; the results are shown below. It can be seen from this that the carpet is a very good one Re, ibv / iderstand owned.

the before after 1oo after 5oo after 1000 rubbing rubbing turns turns turns

Electrification + 700 + 800 + 800 + 800 ornamental

tension

(Volt)

Example 2

(A) A defatted monofilament of POL3 ^r acrylonitrile having a titer of the 1o was chemically plated with nickel by being continuously fed through the following baths v / urde.

(a) Sensitization bath
(Tin (II) chloride 20 g / l;

conc. Hydrochloric acid 1o g / l) room temperature,

8 sec. Treatment.

(b) water / ash room temperature,

8 sec. Treatment .

(c) Activation bath room temperature, (palladium chloride 0.25 g / l; 8 sec. treatment conc. Hydrochloric acid 2.5 g / l 5 lung.

(d) chemical nickel plating bath 88 ⁰ C (main components: nickel- _{QA oqV} d _o v, "* sulfate 2o g / l; sodium ^{hvpo- ? ° sec} * treatment" phosphite 24 g / l: lactic acid J-ung.

27 g / l; pH: 5.6)

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(e) water washing room temperature,

8 sec. Treatment.

In this manner, an electrically leitfihiger monofilament (A) has an average thickness of ß, 4 microns and an average V with an electrically le.it capable coating, ^r esistance of 1oo ohms / cm was obtained.

(B) This electrically conductive monofilament (A) was dipped in a solution of nitrile rubber-phenol adhesive (solid content 17%) and then passed through a slit to regulate its coating thickness.

The monofilament was then hardened by heating, leaving an electrically conductive monofilament coated with resin (B) with an average resin coating thickness of 0.3 microns and an average resistance of 2,000 Megohm / cm was obtained.

way

(C) In a manner similar to / as described above under (A), a polyacrylic monofilament with a titer of 10 den was chemically plated with nickel, a further electrically conductive monofilament with an average coating thickness of 0.2 microns and an average resistance of 45o ohms / cm was obtained. This thread was incorporated into a crimped poly-β-capronamide monofilament (nylon 6) with a titer of 20 den by applying a solution of a nitrile rubber-phenol adhesive (solid content 17 %) by means of a roller. The thread material thus obtained was passed through Cured by heating, the resin content being 9.5% . The thread (C) had a medium resistance

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ORIGINAL IMSPECTED

180G539

stood at 25oo megohms / cm.

The electrically conductive filaments (A), (B) and (C) thus obtained had the following ones Fiber properties, from which it can be seen that they have strength and flexibility, which hardly differ from the corresponding properties of the substrate thread.

fracture Tabel III Younger density Elec firm Break-proof fracture At first (g / cm.3) trisch speed related - deh modulus ρ guiding . (g / den) gen on the tion (kg / mm) able Titer of (90 t thread Substrate thread 2.8 (κ / den) 1000 1.5 A. 2.6 3.6 14th 1000 1.4 B. 3.4 3.5 14th 350 1.2 C. 3.9 35

Polyamidflorteppiche wurd'en in a similar manner as in Example 1 beschriäoen prepared by one end of the electrically conductive yarn (A), (B) "and (C) ^r in intervals of 2 of a non-electrically conductive POL3 arranged amidgarnes The various samples were then rinsed or cleaned, dyed and then rubbed with a polyester fiber cloth at a speed of 6 cm / sec under conditions of temperature of 20 ° C. and relative humidity of 40 %

909 * 11/160?

ORiGlNAL INSPECTED

1803539

these samples lasted 30 sec. nor their electrification or charge voltage reached a saturation level, and in the following Table IV lists the results. It can be seen that all of the carpets, which. Only small amounts of the electrically conductive filaments according to the invention were incorporated, a very excellent one exhibited antistatic effeiet. Besides the electrically conductive filaments (B) and (Π) exhibited substantially the same degree of antistatic Effect like that of the thread of good electrical conductivity, although very high resistance possessed.

Table IV

Incorporated extent of the incorporation conductive conductive thread, carpet thread based on the (volts)

Total knobbed yarn

none (control) 0 + 2ooo

A 0.25 +. 800

'B 0.26 + 750

C 0.67. + 700

Example 5

The electrically conductive monofilament (B), as in Example 1, prepared, was twisted with a two-strand yarn of worsted yarn with a yarn count of 16 by a single strand of the former into the

9098 * 2/1607

BA9 01RiQlNAI.

treatment of the latter was added. Thereafter, the yarn was mixed with two strands of a customary double-stranded yarn of a worsted yarn with a yarn count In that was not mixed with the electrically conductive threads. ^r ar, united. The 3 strands of yarn were aligned in parallel and made into a single integrating yarn. The yarn comprising 3 strands of parallel arrangement, consisting of a common non-electrically conductive 2-strand yarn of a worsted yarn of yarn count 16 and the above-described parallel yarn, into which the electrically conductive threads had been incorporated, was used as a pile or pile warp and a Wilton rug v.oirde prepared by one end of the latter at a distance from each · 9 of the former arranged vmrde (the extent of the incorporation of AEIE electrically conductive threads relative to the Gesarrtpolgarn, such as o, o9%, respectively).

This carpet and a carpet, for comparison purposes, which no electrically conductive threads were incorporated, was committed by the intended heavy Schlürfen with shoes with leather soles under conditions of a temperature of 25 ⁰ C and a relative humidity of 1o%. The saturated charge voltages of both the human body and the carpets were measured. In the case of the control it was - 5000 volts or + 8,000 volts. The person stepping on the carpet in which an electrical charge was formed received a heavy electrical

• FROM ORIGINAL.

180Gj83

Electric shock when touching an earthed conductor, e.g. made of metal. In contrast, in the case of Carpet, to which a very small amount of electrically conductive cases according to? incorporated into the invention was, the charging voltage was only - 1000 volts or + 2000 volts. Accordingly, the one who walked the carpet received Person does not receive such an electric shock.

Example 4

One part of acetylene black and 12 parts of chloroprene-phenol adhesive (polychloroprene / p-ter.-butylphenol-formaldehyde resin = 1 σο / 45 solvent: toluene; solid content 24 %) were mixed thoroughly to prepare a paste. Several ilono threads made of pole; - ^r - £ -capronanide (nylon 6) with a titer of 1? They were aligned parallel at a small distance from one another and immersed in the paste on the same side while maintaining the parallel state. The filaments were then passed through a slit to adjust the coating thickness and were hardened by heating, keeping the small spaces in order to prevent their mutual adhesion. In this way they were covered with an electrically conductive film. The threads were bundled into a strand and taken up on a winding device to give an electrically conductive multifilament yarn with an electrically conductive coating with an average thickness of 4.0 microns and an average resistance of 500 KOhm / cm per individual yarn. This electrically conductive thread material had a

909842/1607

ORIGINAL INSPECTED

Breaking strength of 4.0 g / denier (5.5 g / denier, calculated on the pulp of the fineness in that of the substrate thread), an elongation at break of 42%, a Young's initial modulus of 21 o kg / mm and a density of 1 , 2g / cm

This electroconductive multifilament yarn was mixed with a polyvinyl chloride cable in advance to make use it to produce polyvinyl chloride staple fibers for the manufacture of carpets, and then reduce it The tow and yarn are treated together for crimping in a crimping machine, whereupon to a length of 76 mm was cut to obtain a staple fiber material in which the electrically conductive fiber material was incorporated according to the invention. The electrically conductive fiber material thus incorporated showed a similar one Maintainability like polyvinyl chloride fibers However, electrical conductivity is still sufficient.

Was the Polyv.inylchloridstapelfasern thus obtained, which the -.elektrisch conductive fiber material incorporated, and polypropylene staple fibers _S are the latter, the former in the ratio of 7 $ 6The mixed with 3o% and formed into sheets or layers by the needle punching process (needle punch) joined to form a non-woven carpet. The extent to which electrically conductive fibers were incorporated into the carpet was varied in each experiment by appropriately adjusting the number of strands of the multifilament yarn to be incorporated.

1809539

These various carpet samples and a nonwoven carpet for comparative purposes, containing no electrically conductive fibers were entered under the intended heavy Schlürfen with shoes with leather soles under conditions of a temperature of 25 ⁰ C and a relative humidity of 3o%. The saturated electrification voltage of the human body _u w rde measured and the results obtained are listed in Table V below.

Table V

Extent of incorporation 'electrification to electrically conductive voltage of human fibers (%) borne body (volts)

0 (control) + 6000 0.15 + 2700 o, 3 + 2000

1 . + 1200 1.5 + 1000 6 +990

From the values in the table above it can be seen that in the case of the comparative carpet, which no electrically conductive fibers had been incorporated, a high level of electrification or coating voltage generated in the human body and a severe electric shock when touching a grounded conductor such as a metal was obtained. However, if a small amount of the electrical conductive fibers according to the invention was incorporated,

90984Y / 1607

1 8 O Cj I 3 - 34 -

v / ar the electrification voltage of the human body in all cases low and one such electric shock was hardly observed.

Example 5

An electrically conductive staple fiber material. (76 mm, average resistance 3, ο KOhm / cm) was through chemical plating of the surfaces of polyacrylonitrile fibers with a titer of 3 den to the formation of a nickel metal coating with a medium 9.27 microns thick. This electrically conductive staple fiber material had a breaking strength of 2.o g / den (2.7 g / den, calculated on the basis of the fineness of the substrate fiber), an elongation at break

tion of 30 %, a Young's initial modulus of 480 kg / mm and a density of 1.5 g / cm. This staple fiber material was blended into wool at an amount of 1 % and spun into a yarn having a yarn count of 12 by the worsted spinning method. Two strands of this yarn were twisted to form two-strand yarn and three strands of this two-strand yarn were arranged in parallel. 3 parallel strands of a common two-strand yarn, a number of 12 worsted yarns containing no electrically conductive staple fibers, and the above-mentioned parallel yarn to which the electrically conductive staple fibers had been incorporated were used as pile or knobbed yarn and it was a Wilton

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ORIGINAL INSPECTED

1809-39

Carpet woven by placing one end of the latter yarn at three intervals of the former (the amount of incorporation of the electrically conductive staple fibers based on the total pile yarn was 0.33 %).

This carpet and a comparative carpet to which no electrically conductive threads had been incorporated was walked on with intentional heavy slurping with leather-soled shoes under conditions of a temperature of 25 ° 6 and a relative humidity of 10 % . When the charging voltage developed in the human body was measured, it was in the case of the comparative carpet "as high as -5,000 volts, and the person received a severe electric shock when touching an earthed conductor such as metal. On the other hand, it was The charging voltage developed in the human body in the case of the carpet to which a small amount of the electrically conductive staple fiber material according to the invention was incorporated was only -900 volts, and such an electric shock was hardly observed.

Claims (1)

1803589 - 3ο - Claims 1) Carpet with permanent anti-static properties with a content of about 0.01 to 10 wt .- #> an electrically conductive fiber material in its surface structure, characterized in that the electrically conductive fiber material consists of a substrate P of a chemical fiber and one formed thereon comprises electrically conductive coating, wherein the electrically conductive fiber has the functional properties of textile fibers. 2) Carpet according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrically conductive fiber has a tensile strength of at least about 1 g / den, a breaking elongation of at least about 3 % and an initial modulus of not above about 3000 kg / mm. t 3) carpet according to claim 1 or 2, characterized characterized in that the electrically conductive fiber 'has an electrical resistance of less than wtwa 2000 megohms / cm. 4) Carpet according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the electrically conductive Coating of the electrically conductive fibers with a polymeric binder as a matrix with dispersed therein finely divided particles of an electrically conductive material in sufficient amount to the 0984271607 1 803 j 3 ³ 9 Bring the electrical resistance of the fibers to less than about 1000 megohms / cm, with the coating has an average thickness of about 0.3 to 15 microns. 5) Carpet according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the electrically conductive coating has an average thickness of about 0.3 to 10 microns and contains about 50 to 90 weight percent of finely divided silver particles dispersed therein. 6) Carpet according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the electrically conductive Coating has an average thickness of about 0.7 to 15 microns, and about 5 to 60% by weight of fine particles of conductive carbon dispersed therein. 7) Carpet according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the electrically conductive Fiber a substrate made up of a chemical fiber and one chemically deposited thereon Comprises a metal coating having an average thickness of no greater than about 1.5 microns. 8) Carpet according to claim 7, characterized in that the metal coating consists of nickel. 9). Carpet according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that that the substrate consists of a fiber made of an acrylic polymer whose acrylonitrile content. is at least 8o mole percent. 909842/160? ORIGINAL IMSPECTED 10) Carpet according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the electrically conductive Fiber has an endless thread shape. 11) pile carpet according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it comprises a backing fabric and tufts of fibers napped thereon, the Carpet about o, o1 to 1o wt .-? 4 of the mentioned electrical J) contains trically conductive fibers in the knobbed bundles, hexogenic based on the total weight of the knobbed fiber bundle. 12) pile carpet according to claim 11, characterized in that each first to eightieth knob bundle of fibers contains at least one end of said electrically conductive fibers in the form of an endless thread, 13) pile carpet according to claim 11, characterized in that each first to eightieth knob bundle of fibers contains one end of said electrically conductive fibers in the form of an endless thread. ™ i4) pile carpet according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the fibers of said fiber bundles are in the form of endless threads. • 15) pile carpet according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the fibers of said fiber bundles and the electrically conductive fibers are in the form of endless threads that have been crimped. "_; 909842/1607 16) Woven carpet according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the carpet has a pile structure comprising woven pile yarns, the carpet being about o, o1 to 1o wt .-? 4 contains electrically conductive fibers in the pile yarns, based on the total weight of the latter. 17) Woven carpet according to claim 16, characterized in that each first to eightieth ends of the pile yarn at least one end of said electrically conductive fibers in the form of an endless one Contains thread. 18) Woven carpet according to claim 16, characterized in that each first to eightieth ends of the pile yarn contains one end of said electrically conductive fibers in the form of an endless thread. 19) Woven carpet according to one of the claims 16 to 18, characterized in that the fibers of the pile yarn are in the form of endless threads. 20) Woven carpet according to one of claims to 18, characterized in that the fibers of the pile yarn and said electrically conductive fibers are in the form of endless threads which have been crimped. 21) unwoven carpet according to one of claims to 9f, characterized in that the carpet is 909842/1607 comprises bonded webs or plies, the zone within 1 ram of the top of the carpet about o, o1 contains up to 1o wt .-% of said electrically conductive fibers. 903842/1607