DE1761119A1 - Paper machine felt and process for its manufacture - Google Patents

Description

Huyck Corporation

o r, IT.Yo, V.St.Α ..

4 APU Ί9δ8 1761119

Paper machine felt and process for its

Manufacturing

The invention relates to a method for producing a Paper machine felt oriented by needle retraction Fibers in a "nonwoven" - or fleece base layer as well as papermachine felts produced according to this process.

The creation of paper machine felts has been around for a long time with "nonwoven" - or fleece construction aimed at, which can be achieved with a comparatively high production speed and made without the need for weaving a base layer. The one in the United States patent 2 943 379 described "nonwoven" paper machine felt, which uses a single arrangement of longitudinal yarn threads fulfills the aforementioned requirements although largely, it has been found that it is unsuitable for practical use because it is unstable and is insufficiently strong in the cross machine direction.

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In addition, the conventional felts are deficient in that when they are composed of randomly distributed fibers which make up the composite paper machine felt are unable to impart sufficient tensile strength. Furthermore, ground through the use of pre-felted Mats, as they are conventionally used γ / earth, for comparison fewer fibers and fiber ends for entangling and./uniting the felt into a compact and coherent structures made available.

In contrast, the invention creates a paper machine felt, Consists of a fleece base layer made of nonwoven yarns and at least one fiber mat, one surface of which is practically flat with one Surface of the base layer is connected, which is characterized in that the nonwoven yarns of the base layer have a large number of faux or lint fibers that the fiber mat a considerable number of practical contains fibers oriented at right angles to the yarns of the nonwoven base layer, which rait the false or lint fibers are intertwined or intertwined, and that the false or lint fibers are also formed of a coherent paper machine felt with improved strength properties or are entwined.

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Zr advised oneself --corrected that yarns which have been pre-negotiated in a way that they become fluffy, adhere to one another and f1a £ if non-matted, zar ^ i ' -vt "are used ^{; i} 'ir:. ren the largest possible number of loose Pan ^ -rii and fiber ends for the entangling uni ITadeleinr.io'ion su a filmed, könpaktcn tlasne for disposal is, so that a usable in practice paper machine is obtained, the said patent. is not Hiiiweir- to d ⁿ r ^r Ziniluß BSV the advantage of using before I: a: ^'.:..; i "ri"": i Fasorn in nicr.t. he matted Pora su ungenchran :. Z ^ bor. oowonlr: teaches this patent specification the use of oriented fibers or the advantage of intertwining or intertwining the fibers the carded I.lasoe with the yarn fibers.

The invention thus creates a paper machine felt, which without the use of traditional knitting, Y / irk or 'Jebevings from yarn that can be made from Fibers, like '.7olle. ^ aunwolle, liylon and the like. liatur- and Artificial fibers exist, ur.d which improved drainage capacity, has better air permeability and higher tensile strength.

The paper machine felt according to the invention can be manufactured without the need for expensive equipment with high manufacturing

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Produce speeds economically. He draws through a paper web interface of improved smoothness, softness, evenness, compliance and Freedom from unwanted branding patterns and does not cause breakdowns during normal papermaking. The paper machine felt of the invention is more effective than conventional mushrooms of the same basis weight, has a long service life, is economical in manufacture and operation, - is characterized by improved flexibility and improved dimensional stability and does not tend to form creases.

The following are some embodiments of the invention explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. Ss show:

1 shows a schematic in an enlarged view Representation to illustrate the structure P the Vlics base layer and the relative positions

of several hook needles when pulling fibers into the base layer,

2 and 3 are schematic cross-sections through a fleece base layer and a number of fiber layers located thereon, showing two hook needles in their lowest positions, FIG. 2 being perpendicular to the yarns and FIG. 3 parallel to the yarns,

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4 is a plan view on an enlarged scale, which is the layer ratio between the yarns and illustrates the lines arranged at right angles to them,

! Pig. "5; a schematic representation of a modified Embodiment of a paper machine felt with the features of the invention,

Pig. 6 shows a cross-section on a greatly enlarged scale through the fleece base layer and several Paser layers on it in another Embodiment of the invention in which several Layers of different yarns are used, .and

Pig. 7 is a schematic representation of a still further modified embodiment of a paper machine file with the features of the invention.

Although the invention is described below in connection with paper machine / cup felts, it will be apparent also applicable to dryer felts, with the aid of which a paper web is passed through a drying device is promoted. Iiaßfilze convey wet paper webs through a section of a paper machine and run as the final

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loose band through a press section, in which during a drying step water is squeezed out of the paper web and thus their solid consistency is effective is increased while dryer felts in the form of an endless belt through the drying section of a paper machine run and to dry the paper web by conveying it over rotating, steam-heated rollers or Drums serve. The dryer felts keep the paper web in contact with the surfaces of the rolls and withdraw additional water through suction.

The paper machine felt according to the invention can be used in in such a way that a loosely coherent fine matter (Gossamer) base layer made from a large number of spaced warp threads where instead of the weft or filler threads with the help of! censures fibers in one or both sides of the basic P layer to be drawn in. The gossamer or very fine base layer preferred for the purposes of the invention is a slightly cohesive fabric that can be handled during processing. The invention relates to an arrangement of yarns to which successive layers of unfelted, highly oriented fibers are attached have been, which are then felted together by pulling through needles, the thread

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serii not only as surface layers to guarantee an aun woiohem hat erial. existing flat surface are used for (ii ^ paper web, but also act as transverse mechanical Yersteifun ^ smittel.

Ein.'I.Ierkäal of the invention is that the yarns used for the production of the base layer. an, -5 chafed "br, w. f-ancli-: ⁰ G-ar up- are, which are parallel to each other and i'1.CoI ₁ -O their lintiness or their fake fibers; with each other, zn before to swallow some and.

3in Llerkaal such an arrangement lies in the novel Combination of parallel fluffy yarns or yarns occupied with false pasem and pasers, which is practical Yarns oriented at right angles and with their lint fibers interwoven with each other. Without relying on the theory of The working method of the invention may be limited, it is believed that the yarns act as warp threads and in this way support the increase in transverse strength. A parallel arrangement of solid fibers with foot fibers occupied yarn is structurally associated with the surrounding batt material in such a way that in the cross-machine direction the forces exerted are transferred to the yarns and be absorbed by these. This is done by yer-

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loop the pasers from the fiber mats with the false or lint fibers of the yarn threads, which can correspond to the direct linking of threads or cords with ropes or cables. The same effect is achieved by intimately entangling the fibers from a fiber mat layer on one side of the yarn assembly with fibers from the Fanerniatterschien on the other side of the yarn assembly, which is equivalent to tying threads or cords around a rope or cable. Since the hat fibers have been oriented essentially at a right angle to the yarn threads, forces acting in cross-machine direction are transmitted to the yarn threads themselves via the interwoven fibers. Since the fiber mats are loosely laid in, ie not pre-felted, a large number of mat fibers are available for interweaving with other fibers and with the false facom of the yarn thread. This is in contrast to '- !. r' ^ ta ^ .ö. '"ir art, particularly with regard to dio number of Llattenfasern with which a v.'irksamo bridging between the Mattenfasem and the yarn filaments can be effected. In the conventional structures due to the värd · serr for the penetration of Mattenfa- ¹ limited available yarn surfaces and due to the greater likelihood of these fibers breaking loose, the yarn threads only have an excess of strength

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medium, the much lower pressures or forces can tolerate than the structure according to the invention.

The main advantages of the invention can be found in the embodiments in which the ground yarns in the .feed direction. of the paper machine felt on the paper machine are oriented. Without being limited to a theory of work and without prejudice to the warp theory discussed above, it may be possible that at in these embodiments the yarn threads as the warp threads act and give the felt strength in the machine direction, while the oriented fibers act as wefts act and 'ensure strength in machine quorrichtung. However, there are also certain advantages in the case of the embodiments in which the base yarns are laid in the transverse direction of the machine for paper machine felt; are aligned. In the latter embodiments, the special Advantages of the invention largely achieved by that the oriented fibers give the felt in the machine direction a substantial increase in its tensile strength lend, which could not be achieved with the conventional method in which the product axis felted before en mats and in particular from non-oriented pre-felted mats. The fiber orientation

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tion is preferably chosen such that at least 70p of the fibers with their long axes within an angular range of 15 are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the yarn threads. In another embodiment of the invention are LIehrf ac h-Fas succumbed practically at a right angle oriented to each other and practically under an angle of 45 ° to the longitudinal axis of the yarn threads.

It can be seen that the fibers are not exactly linear but have a corrugated configuration. For this The reason should be the orientation of the fibers to the general longitudinal direction of the fibers when they are carded relate. Likewise, it can be seen that carding the fibers is not possible or dated. position it is desirable to fully align the fiber axes in the desired direction. According to the invention however, it is highly desirable to orient the fiber axes at least $ 70 in one and the same direction.

It has been shown that fibers are drawn in when Iladel Greater strength properties can be achieved in the base layer than when pre-felted fiber mats and even Mats with oriented fibers can be used. This is attributed to the fact that through relative freedom and looseness of the fibers in the non-entangled card

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effectively more free ends for the Iladelc in ξ ich on ?, πτ -available and thus a stronger verse chi inrur.g or interweaving of the lasers on both sides ": -lor garment threads with each other and with the fibers of the GaacnfHänn itself is made possible. In App en en fäll manure, j π which -'1 ^ requirements on tensile strength are not too high, '-arm are sufficient .However, vorgefilzte fiber mats with oriented parsers are for the manufacture of the paper' naschincnfilnos to. use. In any case, it has been found that pre-felted fiber mats with oriented fiber-i]> ei Yerxvendun, "for the manufacturers of paper machinings, have significantly increased tensile strength compared to pre-filmed fiber boards with non-oriented fibers. ^ evra'-irl ^ isten.

Another license of invention is that Piercing the individual threads: threads through the hooks 3iielit is required, and a cusamaer-iianging, itself Achieve self-supporting papicmachine filr. The entanglement the lintier., fake fibers of the hired Threads of thread are sufficient to keep the basic structure together. The fibers forming the two sides of the paper machine felt therefore do not necessarily need to go into the Yarn threads get sucked in, but rather are by pulling in with each other and with the false fibers

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intertwined so that a compact, self-supporting paper machine felt is formed «, the invention differs 3ich in this first line of the state of the art. which one the fibers by means of needles through the individual yarn threads had to be pulled through. In some embodiments it is advantageous to use the maximum distance between the yarn threads through the length of the false fibers, and Limit their amount of overlap to avoid intertwining r to bring forward.

The product according to the invention consists of a paper machine felt with high tensile strength and low tendency to shrink or warp in the weft direction, which better drainage, higher air permeability and better resistance to lark formation or Penetration guaranteed. Since the Garn-Kreuzimrs ^ urikto absent, the paper machine felt according to the invention has a higher degree of flexibility than mushrooms, which have a base layer of the same density produced by weaving.

V / which will be explained in more detail below the base layer is preferably formed endless. The yarn threads run in the machine direction, while the fibers move in the cross machine direction of the

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forth au- ot ell ending ribbon-like pilses, extending, if dio When the base layer is laid flat, the yarns normally lie in the machine direction of the later paper-milled felt, while the pasers run in the cross machine direction ur.d with their ends under formation of an endless band are united with one another * Obviously, the base fabric can be of any width or length can be made from yarn of any suitable type.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the yarn threads lie parallel to one another in a flattened spiral configuration. Di ·: - fake bsw. Pussel fibers of neighboring yarn threads:; n are intertwined or intertwined with one another to form an endless base layer. In addition, at least one of the continuous yarn threads can be chafed and arranged in a spiral pattern so that the strands of adjacent yarn sections touch one another. Moreover, at least ^so that interlaced parsers are projecting from its adjacent portions of the spurious O-ame next to another yarn LIEC ^Gn>. Carded, oriented lines are laid across both sides of the base layer and run at a right angle to the yarn threads <. The lines are then needled so that a compact,

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pre-felted paper machine felt is formed.

The chafing of the yarn threads when laying them out for the purpose of producing the fuzziness or fake fiber occupation is a special method ^{for the} inventive method. Optimal results are achieved with yarns that can easily be hired with such fuzziness or fake pasor covering, for example coated yarns. Other IIor. ^: rmal des inventen '".:;·; ~: * ^ ι3 2Γ- ancestors" lie ^ n in the interweaving of the fibers ::. ix: the yarn threads and the interweaving, young or interweaving of the pasers of the yarn threads with one another.

The paper sewing machine felts according to the invention can by inserting the pastes into the nonwoven or /. Create a fleece base layer. Another improved one However, paper machine felt is obtained by drawing-in the fibers by needle-punching under such conditions be built into a nonwoven base layer, in which the high tensile strength of the paper machine felt both in Machine direction as well as crosswise to it guaranteed will. For this purpose it has proven advantageous to have a special relationship between the hooks of the pin needles and the direction of the yarn threads of the basic

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layer and the general direction in which the The longitudinal axis of the pasers of the bevel mat is to be provided. A method and apparatus for needling a felt in this manner are disclosed in the TJSA patent 3 2? 0 599;

According to one embodiment of this method are the barbs provided for at every rebuke only in one direction or - at best in two directions from the "Taael longitudinal axis. One triangular in the hairen area Ij "ad oil ', which has a cross-section, only points to swei "Decor., Dor Dro? Eoks-Kori.fi Turation from the ITadelachse after outside? Hold on b ;; v, '. is provided with a hook, the similar way of;: vrei vertices bsv /. Edges of the triangular cross-section. 7 ^ eI use "such ! To blame in a liability machine is diligence to apply that all the hooks of the calilreicheii !! ennobles practically in the same direction or in the same two Direction pii stick out.

According to the method described in this patent specification, the direction in which the hooks protrude from the needles should also be in a fairly specific relationship to the direction in which the yarn threads and the longitudinal axes of the fibers extend. If the ! Rebuke so

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is designed that their hooks protrude only in one direction, this direction should be parallel to the yarn threads and run perpendicular to the general or main direction of the grain. If the needles used are in have hooks protruding in two directions, these directions should preferably be at an angle of at least 120 ° to each other and preferably an acute angle of at most with the direction of the yarn threads 30 ° and preferably form an angle of at least 60 ° to the direction in which the general longitudinal axis extends the Pasern extends.

By carrying out the needle-drawing process in the manner described, the final paper machine felt has a high tensile strength in the yarn thread direction and also a higher than the usual tensile strength in the paser or "weft" direction. The tensile strength retention in Garnfadenrichtung stirred in part on the minor damage to the yarns ago, the Hadelhaken projecting parallel to the yarn running direction or at an angle of at most 30 ° to the yarn-length direction · The improved tensile strength in the direction of parsers are arises from the fact that any truncation or ' Kinking of the longitudinal pasers is compensated by the fibers more ale, which are firmly connected to the yarn threads and spread across

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extend to these so that they have the tensile strength in increase this direction.

In order to ensure the desired extent of the fibers being drawn into the base layer, the material is preferably sent several times through the needle zone. The number of passages required to produce the desired connection between the fibers and the base layer depends on the depth of penetration and the density of the needle occupancy at>, i.e. the number of punctures per unit area, the number of which in turn depends on the relative speed of the lifting head of the needle loom and the feed speed of the machine to be processed Piece is determined.

For the inventive method, all, animal natural fibers such as wool, man-made fibers, such as rayon, nylon, polyacrylics, polyvinyl suitable for the T ext ilherst RECOVERY usable fibers, namely natural and artificial Fabern, including plant fibers, such as cotton, UGW jute. , Chloride, polyester etc., as well as copolymers of these substances

The ground yarns can be made from natural or man-made fabrics, or a combination thereof, using well-known methods

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the same are produced. The fibers used in these yarns are preferably staple fibers. the comparatively coarse card fibers preferably consist entirely of synthetic fibers, but can if desired entirely from wool or from a mixture consist of wool with synthetic fibers. The relatively fine fibers are preferably a mixture of wool and synthetic fibers, but can also consist entirely of wool or entirely of synthetic fibers. Using of plastics for the card fibers, these should be in the form of spun staple fibers

The slightly cohesive linen or gossamer base layer used in accordance with the invention and illustrated in FIG. 1 10 has several yarns 12, 14 »16 and 18, each of which is hair-like fake fibers or lint 20 stick out. The yarns 12, 14 »16 and 18 are arranged so close to one another that the hair-like fibers Braid 20 of one thread with those of the adjacent thread. As a result of this interpretation are liable the yarn threads to such an extent that they. Further processing according to the method according to the invention enable. A number of hook needles 22 are shown, about the relative position of the Itödeln to the To indicate yarn threads during the needle insertion process

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The Fir. 2 and 3 are at right angles cross-sectional views through the paper machine felt that lead to one another during the loading process. the pins 22 each have a number of hooks 24, which the au. "both sides of the yarn threads 28" located grasp oriented fibers 26, the latter being drawn into one another are so that they-with each other and with the hair-like fibers 20 protruding from the yarn threads braid or intertwine, whereby you see an entanglement of fibers 20 and 26 with similar fibers as well results in one another, which leads to a compact or compressed felt fabric.

In the area of the needle machine in which a lifting head or several such lifting jacks are provided an R-size number of needles 22 in each case in a downward direction through the fibers and through the base fabric. drove. The hooks of the needles each take parts of the fiber groups with them in the downward direction and bring them accordingly Fig. 2 in a practically U-shaped loop shape with parallel, perpendicular to the direction in which the hooks protrude from the axes of the threads, lying or parallel leg sections lying to the orientation direction of the fibers. It can be seen that the loops of fibers produced in this way are included in the end product

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her. · thighs much closer together and more ρ ar all · el to each other than in the enlarged schematic view of Pip ;. 2 is shown. Still int can be seen ,,. c> ate the claws 22 are arranged in several rows, which stretch completely over the width of the material to be treated About 75 mm back and forth to the ends of the blisters from a point above the fiber to a point about 15 below the base tissue in the downward direction so that the fibers and the main tissue can penetrate through.

Pifr. 4- is a greatly enlarged plan view of a needled Paper machine felt to illustrate the general orientation of the needled strands 26 and the yarn threads 12, 14, 16 and 18 after your needle insertion process.

The strands oriented perpendicular to the yarn threads can all be different in terms of strength, degree of pitch, etc. be of the same type, but two or more types of different ones, perpendicular to the yarn threads, can also be used Pasern can be applied. The Pasers can do anything be arranged on one side of the base layer

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however, preferably on both sides of the basic view. A paper machine felt with good drainage properties, Price of clogging as well as decreased The tendency for branding can be determined by Uadeleinichen of relatively coarse fibers in a Vlies-0-rundnchieht and further ITadeleinzichen of relative fine fibers in the side of the comparatively coarse fibers facing the paper web.

The term "relatively coarse fibers" used in the specification is intended to refer to one or more Layers of fibers with a coarseness or degree of fineness of: 1Ό denier or black, as determined according to the ASTIvI method D-54O-6O for synthetic resp. Synthetic fibers or a wool fineness of 44 or coarser, according to the ASTIvI-V method en D-419-61 for natural fibers.

The term "relatively fine fibers" as used refers to one or more layers of fibers with a coarseness or a degree of fineness of less than 10 denier for synthetic fibers and a degree of wool fineness below 44 for natural fibers.

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Improve the fine fibers near the paper web the smoothness of the paper web and offer a surface with a smaller, capillary structure. Touch the outer, relatively fine fibers the paper web, without causing this rake, v / as on the liachgiebigkeit and the fine structure pattern is due to the surface layer. In addition ensure the between the base layer and don proportionately fine fibers lying, comparatively coarse fibers physical strength, resistance to Deflection and relatively large pore spaces. As a result of strength and resistance to deflection the paper machine felt is capable of deep spots (indentations) or suction holes in the paper machine rollers bridge while doing this at the same time the tendency of the weave pattern or the suction hole pattern, etc. is further reduced to strike through. The proportionate large pore spaces in the coarse fiber layers ensure an absorption volume for storage of the water squeezed out of the paper web, reduce the tendency of the water to accumulate at the press roll passage nip and prevent the paper web from being destroyed by crushing, etc.

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A further advantage of this embodiment of the invention according to the paper-in-line file is that all contaminants can pass through the fine fiber layer and can pass through the coarse fiber layer. Papermachinesf ils a lower heating: for clogging tv / grounding and sticking. The relatively grebon fibers on the drive side of the felt on the paper: iac.C'hinenv, 'alren "crliölicii. ^r . abrasion-resistant "wear layer v / iricen"

Fi? -. 5 is a schematic view showing a .preferred embodiment of the invention, in which multiple layers of different fibers in oriented Alignment on a fleece base is not similar to the previous one described arranged lind are needled with her. According to FIG. 5, the YIies base layer is on each side a layer of relatively coarse fibers by stitching associated with the former. On the side of the paper machine file facing the paper web is a Layer of relatively fine fibers needled with the layer of relatively coarse fibers; this "finer The fiber layer comes into contact with the paper web as it is conveyed through the paper machine. The finer one

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Fiber layer provides a smooth, flexible surface ", which is free from any tendency for an undesirable ! Strikethrough is. ·

^τ , 7-; ϊγι fibers are applied to both sides of the base layer, can never be needled with one side first, whereupon the structure obtained is turned over. Sö'dani, the second fiber layer is applied and pulled in by liadel with the other The relatively coarse fibers are preferably drawn in in such a way that the previously applied layer of the finer fibers is not impaired, which can preferably be done by the finer fibers after the coarser ones have been applied Fibers are applied ; alternatively, this can also be done by the fact that the Hadeleinziehvorgang is carried out in the "tfeise that the coarser fibers are not pulled through the finer fibers,

Although in the preferred embodiment of the invention just a single type of practically arranged in one plane Warp yarn is used, in other advantageous embodiments two or more, in Layers or arrangements of yarn arranged on several levels are used. It has been shown to be beneficial

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two or more arrangements "or layers of lengthways To use yarns that differ from one another in terms of structural and functional properties differentiate. Example sv ^ eise can use the yarns of the have a layer of relatively large diameter "and thus ensure a cushioning effect or bulkiness, even if they do not have a tensile strength "strengthening the structure", while the second layer can consist of longitudinally running, high-tensile-strength yarns which are needled to ensure additional tensile strength in the longitudinal direction and to compensate for the not through to create the first yarn ply delivered tensile strength.

The task of the first thread layer is therefore in the Delivery of a cushioning effect or bulkiness, while the second yarn layer gives the paper machine felt tensile strength confers.

Prop. Figure 6 illustrates an embodiment of the invention in which several types of yarn with different properties are used. In this illustrated embodiment, the parsers are oriented 26 comprise with the help of threading through the spurious or J ¹ USselfasern the yarn thread, which two distinct types of yarn, pulled through, and was integrated with them. The yarns 30 are comparatively strong and give the

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manufacture paper machine felt additional ease larger pore volume, but have relatively low tensile strength. The yarns 32 can be a little thinner than the wet yarns JO, but possess comparatively high tensile strength and give the finished paper machine felt strength in the yarn direction. The yarns that give tensile strength and bulk can be in separate layers or ' Arranged in levels or in one and the same layer be mixed together.

7 illustrates a modified embodiment of the structure according to FIG. 6, in which several bulky yarns and high-tensile yarns form a nonwoven base layer. Coarse fibers are then needled to both sides of this base layer, while fine fibers are drawn in by needle-punching connected to the side of the paper machine felt facing or touching the paper web , whereby the previously described advantages of a smooth, flexible surface are offered.

The expressions used above serve only to explain the invention and not in any way as the use of these terms is in no way equivalent to those shown and described To exclude features, rather are that

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Specialist saw rich changes un; ¹ · Modifications possible ,, olmo (, ate u-er "Rahnon who will leave 'Irfiirliüi ^.

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Claims (1)

Claims 1. Paper machine felt, consisting of a Vlics base sheet aun nonwoven yarns and at least one fiber mat, one surface of which is practical flatly connected to one surface of the base layer, characterized in that the nonwoven yarns the base layer has a large number of fake or Fusnelfasc-m have that the fiber mat a considerable Number of oriented practically at a right angle to the yarns of the nonwoven base layer Contains fibers that are intertwined with the false or lint fibers, and that the false or lint fibers also to form a coherent paper machine felt with improved Strength properties intertwined br, v. ·. are entwined. 2. Paper machine felt according to claim 1, characterized in that that the fleece base layer has more than one layer of practically parallel yarns. - 29 109835/0478 BATH ORIGINAL 3. Paper machines! J Iz. according to claim. 1 or 2, thereby characterized in that both sides of the nonwoven base layer jev / eilc practically flat with a hat ' oriented fibers are connected. 4. Paper machine felt according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the fibers in the one. Fiber mats are relatively coarse fibers that Prepare a second fiber mat with less coarse fiber (flj is seen, one surface of which is practically flat on the surface of the coarser fibers Mat rests on, which is not connected to the fleece base layer, and that the less coarse fibers are intertwined or intertwined with the relatively coarse lines. 5. Paper machine felt according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base layer ^ two layers of non-woven, practically parallel, yarns filled with log or puss fibers shows that the yarns of the first layer are comparatively have a large diameter and the paper machine felt The cushioning effect and bulkiness and that the yarns of the second layer are relatively small Have diameter and high tensile strength. 109835/0 47 8 _{BAD0MQlNA | L} -30 Paper machine felt according to claim ':>, thereby • "• e": e ⁱ inr "xchnot, da.'3 at least one L are verrlc: ^ hnweirr. Rrober Fas ^ -r; ·· an .ie ^r1 ? R page <üor C-round layer ν "." ^ Or Ί a ex int, e'er en fibers pralrüisch under a straighten ver-.floicr ^ v / eiso r; roben Fanerlaro n At least one Larce lead eh swoi si f ⁿ in.er fibers is provided, the fibers of which are practically under one-; Right v / irkel -v ') f-en over the yarns of the grassland are oriented, that the happier fibers are drawn into the base layer by means of needles and intertwined or intertwined with the faux or Fuesel fibers of their yarn threads, that the fake fibers or lint fibers of the green layer yarn threads are drawn into one another and intertwined or intertwined with one another and that the finer fibers are drawn through at least the coarser fibers by means of needles and are intertwined or intertwined with them so that they have a v / Form oak, brand development-free, uniform surface for a paper web when it is conveyed through a paper machine » 7. paper machine felt according to claim 6, characterized in that the comparatively coarse fibers Synthetic fibers with a fineness of at least - 31 10.9 8 35 / OA 7 8 BATH ORIGINAL Ϊ761 Ϊ19 ^: rrad from u ^ nn ^ ctnnn 4 ^ Ττ "· γ. to hen and that the YvrKLoiehr: - ws.o'co f -> ir- · ■ '":? ancrr. am - ". iurstfacorn with a Poinreixs '- ^ a'" from \ "" · -Λ .: ' ⁽ : ν ί! "IC J)« nilι * or ITaturfär ⁱ "r ^{> v} '" ires V'ol ¹ - Polrh: " ⁵ ·"".r" ¹ T ^: π before χ: nt er <-4 boctohen. 0. EaTvi-ι — an? ': Jnmf'l ^r - after - ^? Non Ο ^ τ preceding anepriiohe, thereby ^ elcennGoiebnet, wet xur.irdoc-t 70 ^ dor oriented j? Ars-? M in dor Paoermatte nit'ihren ■ Liuv; £ 3achccn irr receives oinoc ', Vinkelboreioho from 1f. 33nl'rocht ru d- ^ n. Tjän: ~ sachsen der C-arr.e irr Ylies- 9. Ancestors:, ur .Production of a paper: rnaechinenfilses according to claim 1, characterized gTl-rermr.eicinex that initially at least one type of G-avnfäc.oi ¹ . in a predetermined "nciuvo \ ^r - ^ n"-;.; ii-etor 'such aii.feordriet. becomes, - that nohrerc G-amaV-s-chnittc nch? r.cinandor ran, of which ρ • -vreils a lot of v.ncchten bnw. Pupelfasem protrude, whereby the yarn sections are arranged at a distance from each other in such a way that the false or pureel - fibers of adjacent Gamabsclinitte interlock and thereby form a niisannia-hanging fleece base layer that - then a large number of textile fibers on ■■ iaind-c-oti- iis applied to one side of the base coat - 32 τ ·. 109835/0478 is in such a way that the longitudinal axes of the textile fiber *! ^ mlr-tino ¹ 'vrter a right angle r; u are oriented to the longitudinal axes of the yarn sections, and that finally the textile fibers have been pulled through the base layer by means of needles, so that the textile fibers come together with the false ones without any substantial breaking of the gears or puss fibers intertwined or.w. intertwine and interweave the fake or pu ?, π -.-! 1C. A method according to claim 9, characterized in that a continuous yarn thread zubinde st zv / gon-Ausbil α.υΐ "eircr plurality of spurious or Pusselfasern to Vr?. Vr to-onchouert ^r l in a spiral pattern in the '.V. It is arranged that the false or pussel fibers of adjacent yarn sections come together in a 3ir-r:; riff and form a cohesive base layer, the longitudinal axes of the yarn branches being in the desired upright position of the finished mushroom. 109835/0478 BATH Blank page