DE1759656A1 - Procedure for supporting, shoring or bringing back-to-horizontal foundations of all kinds - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to masses with which bases, foundation walls or vaults, which carry loads or fixed or movable masses, are supported and brought back into the horizontal. The invention also relates to the method with which base, foundation walls or vaults are placed under and returned to their original level.

As is known, plinths, base layers, foundation walls, stages and / or roadways that are solid or Carrying vibrating or moving masses or loads or machines or rolling them over vehicles, being brought out of their original equilibrium position by landslides, sagging of the ground or flowing or creeping of the ground or losing their substructure.

In the case of railways, for example, the track substructure depends on the behavior of the ballast bed and the roadway. As is well known, the ballast bed of the railway tracks is an elastic medium, which consists of broken stones, in particular from lump slag 50/60. Under the influence of the increasing speed of the trains, especially at speeds above 100 km / h, the ballast tends to flow or creep as a result of the shock waves and vibrations generated (10 [high] 3 vibrations per second). The tracks and sleepers must therefore be returned to their original horizontal position at regular intervals to compensate for this creep. There are currently two ways of doing this:

a) Hand sealing or "blowing". The track and sleepers are lifted up to 7 cm high with winches, which is difficult with the long rails currently in use, whereupon the top layer of the ballast bed is removed and finally new ballast is sufficient

Height is heaped up. It is easy to see that this way of working requires a large number of workers; In addition, the route is shut down during periods that are often incompatible with the traffic density.

b) Mechanical sealing. A machine running on the rails is used here, which lifts the level of the ballast bed under the sleepers with a tamper or flail inserted into the ballast bed. Although this way of working is faster and more technical, it still has the following two disadvantages:

Firstly, the density of the bed in the direction of the sleepers is increased at the expense of their beveling and thus the subsequent flow or creep is accelerated; and second, considerable effort is required.

It has therefore already been considered to return the tracks to their original position with the help of another method of working, in that the tracks and sleepers are raised to the desired height and then a mass is injected or given between the ballast bed and sleepers, which as a result of a chemical process hardens and takes on the desired mechanical properties. For example, the use of pastes or mortars based on hydraulic binders has been considered; however, these have the major disadvantage that they set and harden only slowly.

In the case of subsidence that leads to cracks in house walls, works of art and streets, the cavities must be filled after the original position has been restored. Low-viscosity cements and other hydraulic binders are used for this. The disadvantages of the latter are also that the required hardening time is quite long and, moreover, the mass shrinks during hardening.

When manufacturing vaults from cement, it has been proposed to cast them in the form of half-vaults in a suitable formwork. When removing the formwork, in order to make this last step easier and faster, the two half-vaults are removed from each other with winches so that they can be separated from the formwork and removed. At the same time, the empty space between the ends of the two half-vaults is filled with a thin-bodied cement and the winches are withdrawn. The hardening time is also a handicap in this demoulding process, because the winches in paralyzed during this period and the structure has not been strong enough for a long time.

New masses have now been developed with which bases, foundation walls, roadways and work platforms can be brought back into the horizontal or vaults can be closed and which do not have the aforementioned disadvantages.

The casting compounds according to the invention are a mixture which is produced at the time of use and contains a filler, a binder consisting of at least one thermosetting resin and at least one catalyst system, which comprises a catalyst and a hardening accelerator, and a hixotropic agent, the ratio of filler to Binder is between 1:10 and 10: 1 and the catalyst content, based on the binder, is more than 2%.

In a preferred embodiment of the filler composition according to the invention, the ratio of filler to binder is between 1: 1 and 5: 1 and the catalyst content is between 4 and 10%.

Polyester resins, epoxy resins, polyurethanes, phenoplasts and aminoplasts are suitable as thermosetting binders; e.g. as polyester; the in one

Monomers of dissolved unsaturated polycondensates of polyacids and polyols, e.g. those of maleic acid, fumaric acid, phthalic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid and adipic acid on the one hand and glycols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol or dipropylene glycol on the other hand, the polycondensates or acrylic esters derived from styrene, allyl;

as epoxy resins, the products obtained from the condensation of polyhydroxylated phenols such as 2,2- (4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl) -dimethylmethane ("bisphenol A") and halohydrins such as epichlorohydrin;

as polyurethane resins, the condensation products of polyesters, polyethers and alkyds with a polyisocyanate;

as phenoplasts, the phenol-formaldehyde condensation products;

as aminoplasts, the condensation products of urea, melamine or polyamines with formaldehyde.

All powdery or granulated mineral substances can be used as fillers, e.g. marble powder, sand, fly ash, calcium carbonate, kaolin, dolomite, talc, powdered slate and silica.

The following are used as the catalyst system:

In the case of polyesters, an organic peroxide or hydroperoxide such as benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone hydroperoxide or cumene hydroperoxide and an accelerator for the decomposition of these peroxides or hydroperoxides, e.g., an organic cobalt salt or a tertiary amine;

in the case of epoxy resins, aliphatic or aromatic amines or polyamines, amides or polyamides and anhydrides or polyanhydrides of polyacids;

in the case of polyurethanes, organic tin compounds and polyamines such as triethylenediamine;

in the case of phenoplasts, acidic or basic catalysts, depending on the numerical value for the phenol / formaldehyde ratio;

in the case of aminoplasts, acidic or basic catalysts, depending on the numerical value for the amine / formaldehyde ratio.

The thixotropic agent to be used according to the invention is selected from the generally known substances and is, for example, kaolin or the colloidal silica available under the trade name "Plenamix 1013".

All customary procedures can be used in the production of the fillers according to the invention. For example, on the one hand the filler is mixed with part or all of the binder, the thixotropic agent and, if necessary, one component of the

Curing agent and, on the other hand, the remainder of the required binder and the other component of the curing agent are mixed together and the two mixtures are added together at the time of application. This can be done by hand; The known devices are advantageously used for injecting the masses into the empty spaces and cavities to be filled.

If, for example, the well-known "mastic gun" is used, a fine-grain filler is expediently used.

In the following examples fillers are given for various purposes. Unless otherwise stated, all parts and percentages relate to weight. The following four different fillers were used:

Filler A: barium-calcium double carbonate, grain size <20µ

Filler B: Finely divided calcium carbonate, grain size 5-20µ

Filler C: Fly ash (commercial product)

Filler D: calcium carbonate with grain size 2-20µ, mean value 5µ.

example 1

To prepare the resin, 392 parts of maleic anhydride, 296 parts of phthalic an- hydride, 608 parts of tetrahydrophthalic anhydride and 800 parts of propylene glycol are reacted with one another and the polycondensation is carried out up to an acid number of 30. 60 parts of this polycondensate were mixed with 100 parts of styrene and 0.02 part of hydroquinone.

170 parts of this resin were admixed with the amount of filler given in Table I below and the amounts of benzoyl peroxide (50% paste) and dimethylaniline (10% solution in styrene) also given in Table I were added immediately at the time of use.

In order to determine the compressive strength of these casting compounds during curing in the laboratory, samples in the form of bricks with a side length of 4 cm were poured into metal molds. The time for gel hardening (prise en gel) at 18 ° C was measured. The calculation was made from time 0, at which the mixing with benzoyl peroxide took place. After different periods of time, the compressive strength was then determined and the results noted. These are shown in Table I.

Table I.

As a result of the rapidity with which they set and their good compressive strength, the compositions according to the invention are suitable for consolidating buildings or wall cracks that occur under the foundations after the ground has shifted. They are injected into the cracks in the usual way, possibly after the walls have been propped up. Of course, these masses can also be injected into the cavities that arise under the foundations.

Example 2

The resin binder was prepared as described in Example 1.

In 170 parts of resin, 700 parts of Filler A, 7 parts, were successively added
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% benzoyl peroxide paste and 3.5 parts 10% dimethylaniline solution incorporated into styrene. This mass was used to restore reinforced concrete slabs, which are used e.g. for the pavement of motorways, to their original horizontal position. For this purpose, the plates were lifted with known devices and the mass described was injected into the space under the plates. A few hours after lifting, the lifting device could be removed because the mass already had sufficient compressive strength to hold the panels in the desired position.

Example 3

In this example, a mass is described with which the foundations of machines that perform periodic movements are brought back into their horizontal position. A mixture of two polyester resins was used as the binder, namely a rigid polyester resin known under the trade name "STRATYL A 116" and a plasticizing polyester resin known under the trade name "STRATYL A 340".

To determine the compressive strength during curing in the laboratory, samples in the form of bricks with a side length of 4 cm were poured into metal molds.

Time 0 was the moment at which the catalyst system was added. After various lengths of time, the samples were pressed together in a machine; the results are given in Table II below.

The resin mixture contained 80 parts of "STRATYL A 116" and 20 parts of "STRATYL A 340". In each case 190 parts of the resin mixture were admixed with fillers, the type and amount of which are given in Table II.

This mass enabled a quick return to the horizontal and is particularly indicated if the original state is to be restored within a short time.

Table II

Example 4

600 parts of condensation product according to Example 1, 550 parts of styrene, 3000 parts of carbonate filler D, 500 parts of filler A and 10 parts of fine colloidal silica ("Plénamix 1013") were intimately mixed with one another and immediately before use, one after the other with 46 parts of 50% ige benzoyl peroxide paste and 28 parts of diethylaniline were added.

The gel setting time was 7 minutes at 20 ° C.

To determine the compressive strength in the laboratory, as already described, samples were produced and the time at which the benzoyl peroxide was added was set as the time 0 had been. The samples were subjected to compressive strength tests after different periods of time;

the results are given in Table III below. It was found that the cured samples showed excellent compressive strength after a few days and that the medium remained completely elastic.

The above-described mass was used in railway construction to bring the tracks back to their original horizontal plane. The mass was injected with the aid of a pump through a hole in the sleepers raised to the desired height into the space under the sleepers.

After about 20 minutes, the lifting device was removed and the trains were allowed to run over the route again. No change in the horizontal position of the tracks was observed; even after three weeks, no sinking of the tracks was observed.

Example 5

500 parts of the condensation product according to Example 1, 600 parts of styrene, 3000 parts of dry fly ash and 10 parts of colloidal silica (Plénamix 1013) were made into a similar mass as in Example 4 and with 44 parts of 50% benzoyl peroxide paste and 22 parts of 10% diethylaniline solution offset. The gel time of this mass was 7 minutes at 20 ° C.

Samples were produced and the compressive strength was determined as described in Example 5. In the following table III the values for the compressive strength are given in kg / cm [high] 2.

Table III

In the examples above, special uses have been given for each individual mass; Of course, however, the masses can be exchanged for one another or the proportions of the components changed if the given conditions such as hardening time, compressive strength or the desired production price change. In the case of railroad tracks being brought back to the horizontal, it was determined that a compressive strength of 10 kg / cm [high] 2 should be achieved after 10 to 15 minutes, ie the line should be shut down for 20 to 30 minutes, in the same example it was stated that the compound is injected through a hole in the sleeper, but it is of course possible to proceed differently and inject the compound from the side or through perforated screw bolts. It can also be injected in such a way that a

Base plate or simple flat sheets can be formed. The method according to the invention can be used just as well on wooden sleepers as it is on metal or concrete sleepers.

In all cases, the risk of sliding between the plinths, base plates or sleepers and the resin layers can be reduced or eliminated entirely by providing rough contact surfaces, if necessary.

The casting compounds according to the invention offer the following advantages:

They harden quickly and achieve high compressive strength after a short time;

they can be used quickly and with simple tools;

little bulk is required to achieve the desired benefits.

Claims (3)

1. A method for supporting, propping or bringing back-in-the-horizontal-of all kinds of foundations such as bases, foundation walls or vaults with the help of potting compounds, characterized in that a mixture of a filler, at least one thermosetting resin as a potting compound Binder, at least one catalyst and hardening accelerator as well as a thixotropic agent are used, maintaining a ratio of filler to binder of 1:10 to 10: 1 and a ratio of catalyst to binder> 2: 100. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a ratio of filler to binder of 1: 1 to 5: 1 and a ratio of catalyst to binder of 4: 100 to 10: 100 is maintained. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a polyester, epoxy, polyurethane, phenoplast and / or aminoplast resin is used as the thermosetting resin.