DE1720277A1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung von filmbildenden waessrigen Copolymerdispersionen - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Herstellung von filmbildenden waessrigen Copolymerdispersionen

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Publication number
DE1720277A1
DE1720277A1 DE19671720277 DE1720277A DE1720277A1 DE 1720277 A1 DE1720277 A1 DE 1720277A1 DE 19671720277 DE19671720277 DE 19671720277 DE 1720277 A DE1720277 A DE 1720277A DE 1720277 A1 DE1720277 A1 DE 1720277A1
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octene
vinyl
film
preparation
amounts
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DE19671720277
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Ritchie Douglas Ian
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BP Chemicals Ltd
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BP Chemicals Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F218/00Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid or of a haloformic acid
    • C08F218/02Esters of monocarboxylic acids
    • C08F218/04Vinyl esters
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F10/00Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
  • Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)

Description

PATENTANWÄLTE
DR.-ING. VON KREISLER DR.-ING. SCHÖNWALD 1720277 DR.-ING. TH. MEYER DR. FUES
KÖLN 1, DEICHMANNHAUS
KÃķln, den 1.6,1967 Ke/Ax
BP Chemicals (U.K.) Limited, Devonshire House. Mayfair Place, Piccadilly, London, WÂŦ1 (England).
Verfahren zur Herstellung von filmbildenden wÃĪßrigen Copolymerdispersionen
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von filmbildenden wÃĪssrigen Dispersionen von Oopolymeren von Vinylestern von organischen SÃĪuren. Sie betrifft insbesondere wÃĪssrige Dispersionen von Copolymeren von Vinylestern von organischen SÃĪuren mit Octen-1, die so hergestellten Dispersionen und die daraus gebildeten Filme.
Das Verfahren gemÃĪß der Erfindung zur Herstellung von filmbildenden wÃĪssrigen Dispersionen von Oopolymeren von Vinylestern von organischen SÃĪuren ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man einen Vinylester einer gesÃĪttigten MonocarbonsÃĪure und Octen-1 in wÃĪssriger Dispersion in Gegenwart eines freie Radikale bildenden Katalysators und eines oberflÃĪchenaktiven Mittels und/oder eines Schutzkolloids copolymerisiert.
Die SÃĪurekomponente des Vinylesters ist am vorteilhaftesten von einer linearen oder verzweigten aliphatischen MonocarbonsÃĪure abgeleitet. Bevorzugt werden SÃĪuren mit 1-7 C-Atomen. Einige Beispiele dieser Ester sind Vinylacetat, Vinylpropionat, Vinylbutyrat und Vinylbenzoat. Die Erfindung ist insbesondere auf die Vinylester von EssigsÃĪure oder substituierter EssigsÃĪure, z.B. Vinylester von Trimethylessig-
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mm 2 —
sÃĪure, gerichtet. Gemische von Vinylestern oder Gemische . mit anderen copolymerisierbaren ungesÃĪttigten Verbindungen, z.B. AcrylsÃĪure, MethacrylsÃĪure, FumarsÃĪure oder ItaconsÃĪure, oder mit Estern dieser SÃĪuren oder Viny!halogeniden sind ebenfalls geeignet.
Freie Radikale bildende Katalysatoren sind allgemein bekannt. Alle diese Katalysatoren kÃķnnen fÞr das Verfahren gemÃĪß der Erfindung verwendet werden. Der Katalysator kann aus einer Einzelverbindung oder aus mehreren Verbindungen, die in Kombination als System wirksam sind, bestehen und wasserlÃķslich oder ÃķllÃķslich sein. Einige Beispiele sind die organischen und anorganischen Peroxyde, Persulfate und Peroxycarbonate, z.B. Ammoniumpersulfat, und die Dialkylpercarbonate, z.B. Diisopropylperoxydicarbonat, Azoverbindungen, z.B. Azo-bis-isobutyronitril, und Redoxsysteme, z.B. Ammoniumpersulfat/Natriummetabisulfit, a-CumolhydroperÃķxyd/ Eisen(II)-Komplex, Benzoylperoxyd/Eisen(Il)-Komplex und Alkalichlorat/Alkalisulfit.
Als oberflÃĪchenaktive Mittel eignen sich beliebige handelsÞbliche ionaktive oder nichtionogene oberflÃĪchenaktive Produkte, die allein oder als Gemische verwendet werden kÃķnnen. Einige Beispiele von ionischen oberflÃĪchenaktiven Mitteln sind die anionaktiven Mittel, z.B. die Alkalisalze von AlkarylsulfonsÃĪuren (z.B. NatriumdodecyldiphenylÃĪtherdisulfonat), Alkalisalze von Sulfaten von langkettigen FettsÃĪuren (z.B. Natriumlaurylsulfat) und Ester von Natriumsulf obernsteinsÃĪure (z.B. Natriumdioctylsulf osuccinat),und abs nichtionogenenoberflÃĪchenaktivenMittel, z.B. Äthylenoxyd-Nonylphenol-Kondensate, und Monoester von langkettigen FettsÃĪuren mit mehrwertigen Alkoholen (z.B. Sorbitmonooleat).
Die Verwendung von Schutzkolloiden in wÃĪssrigen freiradikalischen Polymerisationssystemen ist allgemein bekannt. Alle diese Schutzkolloide kÃķnnen fÞr die Zwecke der Erfindung
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verwendet werden. Geeignet sind beispielsweise Polyvinylalkohole und wasserlÃķsliche Cellulosederivate (z.B. CelluloseÃĪther, wie Ä'thylcellulose).
Aktivatoren fÞr den Katalysator kÃķnnen anwesend sein. Geeignet als Aktivatoren sind beispielsweise Spuren von Übergangsmetallsalzen, z.B. Eisen(II)-sulfat.
Im Polymerisationsgemisch kann ein KettenÞbertrÃĪger vorhanden sein. Geeignet als KettenÞbertrÃĪger sind langkettige wasserunlÃķsliche aliphatische Mercaptane, z.B. n- oder tert-Dodecylmercaptan.
Die Polymerisation kann durchgefÞhrt werden, indem die Reaktionsteilnehmer unter Bildung einer Emulsion oder Suspension in Wasser dispergiert werden. Das GewichtsverhÃĪltnis von Wasser zum Gesamtgewicht der eingesetzten Monomeren liegt zweckmÃĪßig im Bereich von 10:1 bis 1:2, vorzugsweise bei etwa 1:1. Das GewichtsverhÃĪltnis des Vinylesters zum eingesetzten Octen-1 sollte im Bereich von 99s1 bis 70:30, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 90:10 bis 70:30 liegen. Am vorteilhaftesten betrÃĪgt die Katalysatormenge 0,1-2,0%, vorzugsweise 0,5—1,0$, bezogen auf das Gewicht der eingesetzten Monomeren. Das Gewicht des oberflÃĪchenaktiven Mittels und/ oder Schutzkolloids liegt vorzugsweise im Bereich von 0,5 bis 6$, bezogen auf das Gewicht der Monomeren, und das Gewicht des Aktivators des Katalysators liegt vorzugsweise im Bereich von 0,01-1,0>fc.
Das Verfahren kann chargenweise, halbkontinuierlich oder kontinuierlich durchgefÞhrt werden, wobei der Vinylester oder das Octen-1 oder beide zudosiert werden.
Der Druck, bei dem die Polymerisation durchgefÞhrt wird, ist nicht entscheidend wichtig, jedoch muß er so hoch sein, dal? die Reaktionsteilnehmer in der FlÞssigphase gehalten worden. Bevorzugt wird Kormaldruck, um die Notwendigkeit der Verwendung teurer Druckapparaturen zu vermeiden.
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Die Temperatur ist ebenfalls nicht entscheidend wichtig. Geeignet sind beliebige Temperaturen, bei denen die Reaktion mit genÞgender Geschwindigkeit verlÃĪuft· Diese Temperatur hÃĪngt von dem verwendeten Katalysatorsystem ab und liegt vorzugsweise im Bereich von 40-100°C·
Copolymere, die 10 bis etwa 15 Grew#~56 Octen-1 enthaltenÂŧ kÃķnnen hergestellt werden, wenn die Polymerisation bei einer Temperatur im Bereich von 75-950C, vorzugsweise von 80-850C durchgefÞhrt wird. .
Der pg-Wert der Dispersion sollte im Bereich von 4,0-7Âŧ5 gehalten werden, um eine Hydrolyse des Vinylesters zu verÂŦr melden* Zu diesem Zweck kann ein geeigneter Puffer, z.BÂŧ Kalium- oder Natriumbicarbonat, zugesetzt werdenÂŦ
Die Polymerisation wird zweckmÃĪßig unter Ausschluß von Sauerstoff durchgefÞhrt· Nicht polymerisierter Vinylester und Octen-1 kÃķnnen nach der Polymerisation entfernt werden, indem man beispielsweise den Latex destilliert oder ein Inertgas, z.B. Stickstoff, durch den Latex blÃĪst, wÃĪhrend dieser bei erhÃķhter Temperatur gehalten wird·
Ein Umsatz von Monomeren zu Polymerisat Þber 75?6 kann erreicht werden, wenn bei den bevorzugten Bedingungen, insbesondere bei den bevorzugten VerhÃĪltnissen der Monomeren und Katalysatorkonzentrationen gearbeitet wird. .
Stabile wÃĪssrige filmbildende Dispersionen von Copolymeren des Vinylesters mit Octen-1 mit einem Feststoffgehalt von mehr als 25$ kÃķnnen durch entsprechende Einstellung der Anteile des Vinylesters und des Octen-1 zum vorhandenen Wasser und der Polymerisationsbedingungen erhalten werden.
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Beispiel
Vinylacetat
Octen-1
Natriumlaurylsulfat ("Empicol LXV") Ä'thylenoxyd-Nonylphenol-Kondensat (Âŧlergitol NP 40Âŧ)
A*thy1enoxyd-NonyIpheno1-Kondensat (ÂŧDergitol NP 14")
675 g
225 g
18 g
18 g >A
Kaliumbicarbonat
Destilliertes Wasser
18 g
4,5g 1150 ml
6,0 g Ammoniumpersulfat in 100 ml destilliertem Wasser B 6,0 g Ammoniumpersulfat in 100 ml destilliertem Wasser C
VersuchsdurchfÞhrung
Der Ansatz A wurde in das PolymerisationsgefÃĪß gegeben und 30 Minuten bei 600O unter Stickstoff gerÞhrt. Die Otemperatur wurde dann auf 850C erhÃķht, worauf der Katalysator B zugesetzt wurde. Nach 7-stÞndigem Erhitzen wurde die LÃķsung C in den Reaktor gegeben. Die Polymerisation wurde weitere 16 Stunden bei 85°0 durchgefÞhrt. Das nicht umgesetzte Monomere wurde dann unter vermindertem Druck abdestilliert und der Einsatz der AbkÞhlung Þberlassen. Der Umsatz von Monomeren zu Polymerisat betrug 87,5 Gew.-^, Die Analyse des Copolymeren durch kernmagnetische Resonanz ergab, daß es 19,0 Gew.-Teile Octen-1 und 81,0 G-ew.-Teile Vinylacetat enthielt.
Die erhaltene Oopolymerdispersion hatte einen Feststoffgehalt von 34Âŧ89έ und trocknete nach dem Auftrag auf eine GlasflÃĪche an der Luft unter Bildung eines Films.
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Claims (8)

PatentansprÞche
1.) Verfahren zur Herstellung von fUmbildenden wÃĪßrigen Copolymerdispersionen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man Vinylester gesÃĪttigter MonocarbonsÃĪuren und Octen-1, gegebenenfalls im Gemisch mit anderen copolymerislerbaren ungesÃĪttigten Verbindungen, in wÃĪßriger Dispersion in Gegenwart von freie Radikale bildenden Katalysatoren und oberflÃĪchenaktiven Mitteln und/oder Schutzkolloiden copolymerisiert.
2.) Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnetÂŦ daß man Vinylacetat und Octen-1 copolymerisiert.
j5.) Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnetÂŦ daß man das GewichtsverhÃĪltnis des Vinylesters zum Octen-1 im Bereich von 90:10 bis 70OO wÃĪhlt.
4.) Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 bis J, dadurch gekennzeichnetÂŦ daß man die Copolymerisation mit Katalysatormengen von 0,5 bis 1 %, Mengen des oberflÃĪchenaktiven Mittels und/oder Schutzkolloids von 0,5 bis 6 % und Aktivatormengen von 0,01 bis 1 %, jeweils bezogen auf das Gewicht der MonomerenÂŦ durchfÞhrt.
5.) Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 bis 4ÂŦ dadurch gekennzeichnetÂŦ daß man im Temperaturbereich zwischen 40 und 1000C arbeitet.
6.) Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man unter Ausschluß von Sauerstoff arbeitet.
7.) Filmformende wÃĪßrige Dispersion von Copolymeren von Vinylestern gesÃĪttigter MonocarbonsÃĪuren mit Octen-1.
8.) Copolymere aus Vinylestern gesÃĪttigter MonocarbonsÃĪuren und Octen-1.
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DE19671720277 1966-06-10 1967-06-07 Verfahren zur Herstellung von filmbildenden waessrigen Copolymerdispersionen Pending DE1720277A1 (de)

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GB2585966A GB1104536A (en) 1966-06-10 1966-06-10 A process for the production of film forming aqueous dispersions of copolymers of vinyl esters of organic acids

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DE1720277A1 true DE1720277A1 (de) 1972-03-23

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