DE1635590A1 - Process for the production of fibrous sheet materials - Google Patents

Description

163559Q

D R. -1N G. W A LT E R A B IT Z 8 Munich 27, Pienzenauenstraße 28

DR. DIETER MORF Telephone 483225 and: 486415 -

Telegrams: Chemindus-Mündiert

Patent attorneys

May 17 HED-16?

B. I »YOU POST DB KEMOimS AHD 10th and Harket Streets, Wilmington, Del "19893, V.St.A.

Process for the production of fiber sheet material ion

The invention relates to a method for the production of 'fiber surface products _p in which the fibers are generally oriented in such a way that they are aüfrsohtatehön (on their one end) »

Various processes have already been planned and produce other textile articles? by making fibers aligns in a preferred longitudinal orientation «transversely for the longitudinal orientation of the material sections »and then the sections on one or the other often by binding to a base, to a pile fabric

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united «These processes have the advantage» the conventional weaving, knitting «·» tufting and similar textile workers! to avoid, but are common is due to the difficulties »the. continuous implementation on a technical scale results, uneconomical. But apart from that, the products often lack the high degree of evenness »that is required for most textile purposes will, ·

The method according to the invention for the continuous production of fiber sheet products in which the fibers generally have an orientation in such a way »that they stand upright (hereinafter also referred to as upright orientation)» is characterized by the steps »that one

a) along a predetermined path an elongated "porous ₉ elastic.

b) by severing the fleece perpendicular to the direction the fiber orientation along the linear path and Compressing the fleece in the direction of its second Transverse dimension a series in general to each other

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. parallel running, compressed fiber material strips forms, and

c) the forward and generally parallel to each other running streaks? while under compression stand, turn individually around their longitudinal axis by essentially 90 ° and come apart on their ligaments · » ten lets »

The process according to the invention thus enables the continuous production of a highly useful fiber sheet material with a generally upright orientation from a fiber fleece as the starting material _P in which the fibers predominantly have a side-to-side "orientation". This Ylies starting material can be used easily obtained using familiar types of textile fabrics. The relative ease with which, according to the invention, such a fleece can be transferred into the sheet material with upright fibers offers correspondingly pronounced advantages in technical production »But also with a high degree of uniformity * The method according to ■

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the invention works well in this way for the Provision of pile layers for a large number of textile purposes. .

Compartment one embodiment of the invention, a sheet material made Faserr ^w "in which the fibers by means of

a binder are bonded to present at intervals of contact points together · Bas method allows in this respect particular advantages in the preparation ▼ on porous, flexible materials, including laminated products from the same "as in US Patent have 3085 922ο These materials are such porous and a plurality of twisted "for example crimped" thread-like structures on "which overlap, are generally aligned in the same direction and are connected to each other on all three dimensions of the goods" for example by a binding agent "ο

The method according to the invention is detailed below described on the basis of the drawings »in which

Figure 1 sohematieoh in a perspective view Device for forming the elongated fiber initial web

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shows? in which the fibers are oriented from side to side are.

Figure 2 is a schematic perspective creation of a simplified form of a device for transferring the _Ä

according to Figure 1 obtained fleece in a material with the fiber upright orientation and then cutting the Product in two sheet materials «

Figure 3 in a partial detail view of the press and stripe. fensöhneidwalzen the Torriöhtunge shown in Figure 2

Figure 4 is a schematic side view of a preferred embodiment management form of a device for transferring a fleece with the side-to-side fiber orientation; in strips, turning " the stripes and reunification of them into one surface "- material with in general. Fiber upright orientation.

FIG. 5 shows a schematic side view of a belt arrangement for reuniting the twisted strips ₉ , this arrangement being usable instead of the roller arrangement in FIG

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FIGS. 6 to 10 sectional partial views of the fiber fleece and Flat product together with the associated device parts in different stages of the method explained in Figure 4 *

In the device according to FIG. 1, a card and a cross-stacker _B, both of which correspond to the type commonly used in the textile industry _{9, are used} to produce an elongated (elongated) ν porous _? elastic fleece formed from fibers, which are oriented predominantly in the direction of the width. «The wide fiber web formed by the card is fed to the crosslapper» which is formed by two belts that are hinged to and fro at the head and in this way the Place fibers across a fleece conveyor. By regulating the speed of the various conveyors, a fleece with the desired bead can be formed. In addition, you can also use two or more card <* - cross-stacker <"An" arrangements in tandem and place a thick fleece on a single conveyor on these catfish. The expert has a variety of suitable devices for forming this fleece with predominantly side-to-side orientation.

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FIGS. 2 and 3 schematically explain the formation of an upright _{fiber product from the nonwoven 9} such as the nonwoven product produced according to FIG. The initial fleece with the side-to-side fiber orientation is compressed by means of a rotary multiple strip cutter (the spacing between the blades according to a preferred embodiment is at least twice the thickness of the desired end product) and cut into a row of fiber material strips running parallel to one another With the multiple rotary blades, the initial fleece9 whose thickness exceeds the blade spacing is compressed «perpendicular to its surface μηα perpendicular to the transverse orientation of the fibers.

Instead of the shown in Figure 2 and 3 device can also cutting mechanisms other forms "as vertical · - knife or horizontally out" reciprocating multiple blade use _e durchzuführen- to .the longitudinal stripe multiple cutting Similarly, the United = - seal be carried out in another way and also before or after the strip 'fine cutting. »

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The fiber material strips will then, while they are still under compression in the direction of their thickness (which can be obtained with tapes or other holding surfaces, not shown), individually rotate by essentially 90 ° around their longitudinal axis calmly. There is a method of turning or using the longitudinal strips by 90 ° by means of a series of pairs of straps made of polyethylene terephthalate polie with a bead in the order of 0 ₉ 019 cm? each with a strip of pasermaterial inserted between the bands of a pair and passing through a square metal tube of the type shown, the wall thickness of which is minimal and the dimension of which corresponds approximately to the distance between adjacent blades of the strip cutter. A width of the two bands a little less than the distance between the neighboring blades allows for comfortable working. When passing through the tube ©, the plastic bands are guided from a horizontal to a vertical position and in this way the Paser material strips are set in the desired orientations celebration shot.

After full rotation, a union of the Strip of fiber material due to each other on their hands

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which they already did from the previous compression inherent, sufficient internal stresses are preserved, by simply reducing the pressing force. When these longitudinal ligaments come together laterally in one The distance below the original fleece thickness shows that the tapes are eager to give up their identity and in this way a continuous “evenly a Fiber sheet material with essentially Tertikai »or To form the upright orientation of the fibers »

If desired ₉ , the fiber-surface material can then be brought to a higher fiber density by compressing it in the longitudinal direction. One can also form two or more separate pile fibers by cutting up the product in the manner shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 explains a preferred embodiment Device for cutting the strips from a fleece » like the VI product obtained according to FIG. 1, and then .; Rotate and reunite the strips into a surface * material nit Paeer-Aufrschtorientierung. The fleece 12 with Page »Seito-Orientienmg der Paeern (in Figure 6 after line 6-6 of Figure 4), Ewiaohön becomes the in Forward -

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direction driven upper or lower orphans 13 »14, along which a row of circular knives 15 »16 rigidly attached at predetermined distances from one another is. During the cutting work (shown in FIG. 7 as a view along line 7 = * 7 of FIG. 4), each blade acts as a The top roller is opened like scissors with a corresponding blade of the under orphan and continuously cuts through the fleece vertically and lengthways.

About different malts is shown in FIG Way a row of pairs of bands 20 «21 made of thin plastic material of the type described above so guided» that the Ribbons on the upper or lower surface of the at Attack the strips 22 obtained by severing the fleece and remove the strips in the compressed state from the rollers:

. .13 and 14 for the final amendment Near the guide roller 25 ', which is provided with a series of circular spacers 26, are the strips of fiber material 22 compared to their original plane rotated by about 45 ° (a view of the different fiber »

. strip of material according to line 8-8 of Figure 4 shows Figure 8) Hack the guide roller 25 continues the rotation of the fiber material strips 22, each of which continues between one

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The pair of plastic straps 2O ₉ 21 is _{pressed together 9} continues »to && der
Abnahmewalse 27 to a Aiasgangsebeixevollständigsenk- ^-: present very standing posture "" While the R & sermaterialstreifen 22 tangentially with d r © outer surface of the Abnahmewalge 27
come into contact ₉ the belts slide 2O ₉ 21 in guide «
slots 28 a ₉ 4gS "b @ i di © Streife» inevitably downwards
be distracted and brewed in touch with one another at their margins (a view naeli line '9. ^ 9 von-Fi- *.
gur 4 "is inclined to figur 9)" lüe unified i fiber material strips © xis the - 'nowMore © la Ganges -bildendes' ■■■ ". - .." .- ■ -

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Surface material 29 lait. Aüfreclit = fiber orientation, 1 are introduced, then gwiachen .BSsulsr 30 usd 31 (a " ...

Figure 4 is in Figure -; 10 "shown) .- A decrease in quality ~ ^;

speed, with whichever di® bands 3O ₈ 51- vor ^ ärtsiegen, "-1 in relation to the speed of the bands 2Ö> 21 allowed

- - - "-. - - ■. · ■ -.- ■ · - .. ■ (es9 the fiber surface material ---! Be this step in _:

compress the initial direction to the desired value in each case

The fiber product 29 can then be wound up in a package

or cut into layers of the desired corners. ,

When incorporating a binding agent c EeBc by spraying on j

Clay filing on the barrel m oier insertion of niedechmel « '■

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At the end of the binding tt elf as era *, the product can be fed into an oven * in order to thermally bind the fibers before winding them up or cutting them in layers. Regardless of "whether the fibers have been bonded to one another or not," as part of this process, the entire product or sheet materials cut from it in layers can be provided with an adhesive on one or both sides in a conventional manner and bonded to a base ",

Instead of the pick-up roll 27 of Figure 4 may also in the position shown in Figure 5, a e _e ihe used by belts 35 to ,, engage the upper surfaces of the different fiber portions and to deflect the portions downwardly between the belts 30 and 31st According to a further »not shown method of operation, a stationary deflector plate can be provided to deflect the fiber sections downwards, which takes up the bands 20 and 21 in a row of narrow slots»

As the above description shows «are used to manufacture a Fiber sheet material of the desired dimensions, numerous .Amparations possible. The initial fleece can be significant Width, such as up to 4 1/2 m or more. Also the

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Nonwoven fabric thickness, which is preferably less than 10 $> the width, can be chosen very differently depending on the desired width of the end product. Usually it is of advantage: the transverse dimensions of the fleece, the number of cutting blades as well as their distances from one another and those on the fleece

to choose the seizure pressure exerted in such a way »that a series of generally parallel running, compressed fiber material strips is obtained _? whose width exceeds its height. You then do not need to pull the strips apart for rotation and when the pressure is released, a surface material of approximately the same size as the bead of the original fleece is obtained fi ₉ but preferably 20 # or more »is *. In this way, the unification of the strips after turning is obtained simply by partially relieving the pressing force. But even the simple removal of the straps 20 and 21 results in a union of the stripes on their "hands", even then "if the full cohesion is maintained. Maintaining a considerable amount of the pressing load is preferred in order to obtain a product that is uniform in its entirety.

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The term fiber upright or vertical » orientation in the fiber product does not make it a requirement that the fibers have the main surfaces below an average Have to pierce an angle of 90 °, but the average pressure angle can be considerable smaller, that is to say as small as 10 °, with the product still further stranded fibers and thread ends has defined main areas «· ·

The fiber initial fleece in which the fibers predominate Side-to-side or cross-directional, can can be obtained by a variety of methods known per se. You can make fibers from any synthetic fiber, natural fiber, glass, metal or ceramic fiber, or mixtures formed by white or more fibers, depending on the properties desired in the finished product directs. Ooh | The titer and length of the fibers are arbitrary and the fibers can be staple fibers, filaments that on the desired size are cut, tow, · Kamiazug, on a Paoifid converter or a! turbo machine Fibers, sliver, rope (hoping), roving, yarn and like that. A well-suited form of the starting material forms a carding technique of crimped staple fibers, whereby

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then to form the initial fleece as in Figure 1 can put a group of Erempelsöhichten in the cross. To form the porous, elastic starting fleece particularly preferred crimped fibers ».

The fibers in the fleece can be bound to one another in this initial stage or after the strip cutting in the longitudinal direction or only after the formation of the endless sheet material with the fiber-up orientation. In this or that case it may be desirable to »bind the fibers in more than one stage of the process. For different end uses it may be desirable * to avoid any binding between the fibers at all With many products that can be manufactured according to the invention, however, a certain shape such as fiber <= fiber bonding will be desired in one or more stages of the process. A permanent or removable binding agent can be used to bind the fibers to one another and thus achieve increased fleece stability in the interest of processability or workability or to achieve certain predetermined properties in the final textile product. There is a wide variety of options for choosing a permanent or removable binding agent

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known, resinous and elastomeric agents, for which natural and synthetic rubbers, polyurethanes, polyamides, polyesters, aeryl polymers, copolymers and terpolymers, natural rubbers and resins, starches, cellulose derivatives, such as carboxymethyl cellulose, and the like are typical examples. The permanent or removable binder can be thermoplastic or thermosetting in nature. Examples of thermosetting Kittel are neoprene, phenol formaldehyde resins ~ _g urea-formaldehyde 'resins β melamine-formaldehyde resins, polyurethane resins and the = same. The incorporation of the binding agent into the fiber mass can be done according to any appropriate method ₉ such as spraying,! Hissing, padding? using a vacuum and the like.

Refrain from incorporating liquid binders other »appropriate methods to achieve a fiber-fiber bond can also be used. So you can get the fiber mass spray with a solvent or partial solvent for the fibers or incorporate it in some other way and then activate it to bond the fibers. One can also use a binder fiber, which melts at a lower temperature than the base fiber or is more soluble or soluble

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67

is more medium-sensitive than this »The desired proportion of the binder fiber can be incorporated into the nonwoven together with the base fiber during the formation of the nonwoven. The binder fiber is then activated at the desired stage of the process by means of solvent »heat or in some other way in order to bind the base fibers to one another» The fiber binding can also be carried out with various heating means, such as water vapor, infrared radiation _, ultra- * high-frequency heating and the like , take place".

According to another method, a binding agent is added by looking into the surface product or layers cut from it from a surface of a powdered binding agent and then hardening the binding agent ₉ so that its density from a maximum at one to essentially zero or at least one The minimum value on the other surface varies »In a similar way, if a binding agent has been distributed evenly over the entire« surface material thickness, the hardening _p ζ »Β · can be regulated by supplying heat to only one side of the product ₉ so that the bond is opened the lower third or the lower half of the pile thickness is limited and in this way an unbound pile surface with a very noticeable soft feel remains. The unhardened

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Binder can be in place and in part of the product or, if desired, with a liquid be removed? which is a solvent for the uncured Binders, but not for the fibers or the hardened binder »

The mode of operation described above naturally allows a large number of modifications, which are within the scope of the invention. After such a modification, the twisted strips of fiber material are allowed to unite at their belts on a horizontal conveyor "such as a FourdriTiier wire screen, with upright wire projections engaging and supporting the vertically oriented fibers. This gives you better control of any further _{9 work} to be carried out on the sheet material without losing vertical fiber orientation,

If the surface product obtained is unbound, but a, Contains binding agent, it can be put through an oven to fix or harden the binding agent »After cooling down you can pass the product through a belt. knife parallel to its main surfaces (in layers) in two or more fiber sheet materials with fiber vertical orientations

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cutting. Before or after cutting, an adhesive coating can be applied to one or both surfaces. Any suitable ₃ thermoplastic or thermosetting adhesive, such as polyester resins, polyamide resins, ₉ polyethylene resins, natural and synthetic rubber compounds, can be used as the adhesive for application to the layer surface and the like, use «, the adhesive can be applied by spraying ₉ dipping, baking, laminating ₉ applying a foil» or «film layer and melting on it, and the like»

According to the invention, porous, bonded fiber sheet materials (or made of them in layers cut products) are produced whose paser density varies in the direction of the material thickness. His way of doing this consists in removing the pile fabric during the hardening of the bandage * by means of and at a point in time at which there is a temperature gradient in the product, a controlled compression in the direction of the thickness to subdue »you pile parts of higher temperature are subject to a disproportionate amount of pressure, so that the pile density on the Total thickness of the sheet material is correspondingly unequal · You heat supply can take place ao that a temperature gradient.

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from one side to the other of the surface material or is created between both side faces and the center » In the latter case, an end product with a lower density in the middle can be obtained by using this Product; if desired »can also cut into two parts in layers, each of which then has a slope of which has one to the other rare area »

The method according to the invention is particularly suitable for the production of porous flat fiber materials of low density with a variety of patterning effects. As can be seen from carding layers bands of 1.27 to V _B 9O cm diameter wrap and unite them into a solid Langge $ oriented transversely then parallel non-woven with a two to three winding corresponding thickness and programmed color arrangement. This web is then according to the invention in the vertical fiber material converted * The pattern can be in the desired manner based on the relative compressibility in along = Sites "- ^w acquisition capabilities and modify the thickness direction" which serve as structural members filament winding may be pre-dyed or different to for re-dyeing the other side you can also have two different fibers from two cream

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Roll up the pelvis into a ribbon. In this way not only can a color pattern be obtained ”but Texture, relief and tone pattern devices (Tone Patterns) are generated.

One advantage of the present invention is that it enables the continuous and economical production of porous, self-supporting fiber products, which can be used as such for various purposes or converted into various textile materials the manufacture of pile goods and other textiles? but also better control of the uniformity of the products. An almost unlimited variety of styling and properties can be obtained from the products. A further advantage is, that the production of fiber products with Faaerdichten can be carried out "the potential in a binder among the aligned while diving of blocks fibers lie." Such a dipping process often gives the blocks a tendency to collapse due to insufficient fiber density when they are removed from a solution of the binder.

The present process is unsuitable for production

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only of ρ or öse _r self-supporting surface materials with small thicknesses down to about 1/8 cm for the production of pile goods and other clothing and industrial textile products, but also of porous, self-supporting products of low visibility and larger cross-section, which are suitable for the production of pillows, Polatensaterialien, dampers and similar products are "the process is particularly suitable for the production of high-quality ,, low cost available pile fabrics. such as 3? eppichen ₈ blankets, clothing interlining ₉ outerwear" Beck "* beds ₉ bathrobes» Isolations and the like. According to the invention, porous fiber products can be produced with fiber densities ranging from 3 * 2 to AB ₉ I g / dm ', but by choosing the appropriate working conditions, higher and somewhat lower fiber densities can also be achieved *

The following example serves as a further explanation of the Invention"

B e i a ρ i e 1

1 _a 5-denier polyethylene terephthalate staple fiber ram 5 * 08 cm in length with a crimp that is obtained in the StauchkaaBor

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4 a

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new type is processed on a conventional gamettifffaer "which is equipped with a conventional textile K>euEleger" whereby the Garnettöffer di © fiber bundle uff net and in the web © la © fed to the crosslayer gives predominant fiber length orientation, while the crosslayer gives the fibers one Feeds conveyor with transverse orientation (as shown in Figure 1). In 15 passes, a 3 »81 cm thick fleece made of transversely oriented fibers is built up on the conveyor

On an apparatus similar to Figures 4 and 5 WJL ^ d then, the fiber sheet material formed · ¹ ^ The fiber is a conventional läss Kehrfachstreifenschnei & e? supplied »which has been converted into fiber material _{ribbons for simultaneous compression and visual separation p} whereupon the ribbons are rotated from transverse to vertical orientation to form a fiber layer with vertical orientation» The strip without anyhow has two driven cutting cores with four sets of blades of 6, 98 as external tread knives and O ₉ 53 cm thickness are the blades cm on both nuclei of U22 _{9 ff} wide cylindrical StahlabstanSshaltern separated and axially loaded the cores to achieve a cutting position and further arranged one above the other so that _t

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the blades overlap by about 0.076 cm · The spacers on the upper core have an outer diameter of 5 "87 cm ₈ on the lower core of 6.67 cm, which results in a gap of ₉ 637 cm" through every space between the blades an endless belt 0.950 cm wide and 0.019 cm thick made of polyethylene terephthalate film and braced against the cylindrical spacers for drive through the core. The tape runs in a direction perpendicular to a plane laid down by the two mandrel axes. The tapes are guided by spacers provided at intervals in such a way that they are subject to a rotation from the horizontal to the vertical orientation on the horizontal run-off path, with all tapes simultaneously in in the same direction are rotated by 90 °, so that they form cooperating band pairs ₉ when rotating around the upper and lower cores, which are vertically spaced from one another at the cutting point and horizontally by a small amount shortly after the cutting elements. Under the running, narrow belts there is a 5 ₉ 1 cm cloth conveyor running in parallel at the same speed, the width of which exceeds the total width of all belts and which just does not touch the narrow belts and after the point of rotation of the narrow belts under separation from

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this deflected downwards at a bollard by about 35 ° will.

The above fiber fleece with its fibers oriented parallel to the cutting core axes is inserted into the multiple triple cutter and cut into ribbons 1.28 cm wide. At the time of cutting, the fiber arrangement is vertical from the original value of 3.8 cm the O ₉ 60 cm of the gap between the son's envelopes ₉ minus the thickness of the two ligaments, pressed together. The belts continuously rotate the fibers from the horizontal to the vertical orientation and bring the fibers in the vertical position together with the wide conveyor «. The fibers are guided away from the narrow ribbons by deflection organs at the point at which * the ribbon is deflected downwards and continue with the wide ribbon, whereby the narrow, one fiber material-

at this point, the supporting bands streak in a Vertical plane and about 1.11 cm apart. «The deflectors are driven by Endless belts 0.317 cm wide and 0.019 cm dioke Polyäthylenterephthalatfolle formed, whose track runs tangentiel to the path of the extreme fiber ends, each

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a tape grasps a strip of fiber material and runs through the space between the 0.952 cm wide tapes. The release of the narrow ribbons occurs through self-expansion due to the internal compression stresses, whereby an equal = massive sheet material is obtained from the three combined strips of fiber material · While holding on to the edges, the fiber sheet material is T ₉ 27 cm thick and 3 » 81 cm. -

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Claims (1)

Patent claims ο Process for the continuous production of fiber sheet materials with a general upright fiber orientation, characterized by »that one a) an elongated, porous, elastic fiber fleece with predominantly oriented in a first transverse direction Advances fibers along a predetermined path, b) by severing the web along the linear path and perpendicular to the direction of fiber orientation and together pressing the fleece in the direction of the second transverse dimension a series of generally parallel running, compacted fiber material strip forms and c) the forward and generally parallel strips of fibrous material while under compression, move substantially 90 degrees around theirs one at a time Rotate the longitudinal axis and let it come together at its edges «, 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a fleece is used whose first transverse dimension is at least 10 times the second. · - 27
109817/1919 NPB-167. V 2 _β method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fleece is bound to IPaser crossing parts. 4 «Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fleece is cut in step (b) and at the same time " pressed together. 5 «Method according to claim 1 * characterized in that the fleece is first pressed together in step (b) and then severed. 6. The method according to claim 1 »characterized in that in step (b) the fleece is first cut and then to * pressed together. 7ο method according to claim 1, characterized in that _s the product obtained in step (c) anechliessend compressed "in the direction of its longitudinal dimension. 8β Method according to claim 1 »characterized in that one uses in step (a) a wide nonwoven with fibers oriented predominantly in the direction of the width, in Step (b) compresses the fleece in the direction of its height, ~. 28 - 109817/1919 NPD = -167 .ta while it is longitudinally and transversely to one another Series of generally parallel running compressed fiber material strips is cut, the width of which exceeds their height. Method according to Claim 8 _9, characterized in that in step (c) a product is produced by reducing the compression, the width of which corresponds approximately to that of the fleece. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the product obtained in step (c) is then in Condensed in the direction of its longitudinal dimensions. 11c method according to claim 9 »characterized in that i the product obtained in step (c) is cut into layers between its main surfaces. 10981771919