DE1635498A1 - Process for producing fibers on a base material or a support - Google Patents

Description

The invention "relates to a method of production of fibers on a base material or a support. The invention particularly relates to fibrous nonwoven fabrics and to methods of making them.

In the following, the following expressions are intended to be used with the the following meanings are used:

Shrinkage - dimensional changes of individual retractable fibers, caused either by relaxation of the elongation stresses occurring on the fibers in the normal manufacturing process under hate or heat treatment, or by structural changes as a result of chemical processes;

Matting; - the process of matting or joining together of adjacent fibers or threads of a fiber material, or compaction of a fiber mass;

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Fulling - the process of alternately compressing and then relaxing the pulp, usually in a repetitive cycle, under either acidic or alkaline conditions, and often with additional physical treatment such as wetting, heating, rubbing, etc .;

Withdrawal - shortening the effective or mean axial length of the pasers or jades, for example by crimping or looping;

Creaming .- ■ the stretching and [drying of a pulp, in which the pulp is passed through a heated machine and held by means of clamps or pins on a traveling frame, the width of which can be varied as desired;

Simple underlays - a normally flat, relatively thin base layer or a carrier material that can be a reticulated fiber such as a light or coarsely woven cotton or linen fabric, or a chain-linked fabric, or a paper or similar fiber material, and which has sufficient mechanical strength and dimensional rigidity to be able to withstand the forces occurring in the successive Βΐμίβη of the process

Bagis fibers - fibers with a diameter of up to 30 microns

or 7 denier, which allows densification by shrinking, entangling, pulling back or compressing under appropriate Allow treatment, and which to insert into the easy

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Pad suitable or included so that they thus form a composite base;

Primary fibers - fibers that are different from the basic fiber and whose special purpose is to form the body of the fiber and which determine its natural properties, behavior, value and appearance. Primary fibers can optionally themselves be shrinkable or feltable or retractable for compression. For the sake of simplicity, this term will be used in this description both for the fibers used in the caving process and for the spun yarn used in the tufting process.

Non-woven materials have so far shown certain disadvantages compared to conventional woven counterparts, for example with regard to strength and structural stability, properties or appearance. In addition, they have often not been able Endbearbeitungsver.fahren _r such as washing, dyeing in the piece odier multiple JLufrichtens or cutting for the purpose of improving the external appearance and les * "GeMbIs withstand ¹ V, since the fibers do not sufficiently barren in the Eörper Attempts to eliminate these disadvantages by using elements such as rubber latex have not always been successful because they are not odorless and do not allow washing or dry cleaning, and finally the Use other desirable ones

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Excludes properties such as softness or Flexibility or the general appearance of the finished end product · The advantages on the finished side exist at non-woven fibers compared to sulbren herkefiBiiXiehen woven counterparts in their substantially superior production speed due to spinning and Weaving and related procedures and due to their low price,

If you want a nicbt-woven fiber material either sewn or tufted to replace a comparable one woven fiber material can occur, it must have all the following »properties which the conventional woven fiber material offer to be paid attention »Among these £ ies ~ the following are listed?

a) Structural stability and strength j

b) Form stability and freedom from distortion of thirds

c) wear and tear;

d) thermal and insulation properties;

e) Relative weight

f) Failure characteristics and flexibility

g) Relative space requirement;

b) Grip and feel behavior f

i) Appearance and quality of the finished product j J) price.

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~ ⁵ ~ T635498

The invention is based on the object of a fiber material or to create a material * that has the advantages of non-woven fiber in manufacturing, such as "for example Madel loom fibers and tufted fibers, as they were previously known, with an additional or several of the superior properties of comparable conventional woven fibers, particularly structural strength and dimensional stability. The procedure should be both M natural as well as artificial fibers or mixtures of which be applicable. The fibers to be created should a wide range of applications and uses from light abusive substances to heavy ones Fabrics, furs, wall or floor coverings.

The object on which the invention is based is thereby achieved solved that initially a layer of basic fibers small Diameter is sewn from one side through the underlay, until the fibers are roughly even on both sides of the Underlay protrude that then additional layers of same basic fibers or primary fibers of different ones Properties and properties are sewn or tufted into the initially sewn or assembled base, whereby the sewing step with needles of sizes 32 to 36 (English Standard) and that the resulting Flor. In case of moisture by squeezing, erasing or stretching

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is squeezed and compressed and then optionally a final treatment takes place.

In the solution according to the invention, a coherent bond or anchoring, for example without the use of binders or adhesives, the desired strength is used for the body of the fibrous material, the physically the different elements of the construction of the pulp holds and binds so that internal structural strength is maintained. The single ones Fibers are firmly anchored so that the layers of the fibers cannot be easily detached from the bond. the Binding itself is designed to have improved dimensional stiffness and greater freedom from distortion in use has «These factors together give the desired quality in terms of use and improvement at the same time the pulp with regard to the properties and the behavior according to points d) to j), as they are are given above.

Basically, according to the invention, a first layer of fine fibers will be of substantially the same size Diameter, preferably no more than 30 microns or 7 denier, sewn through a simple backing. Then one can additional layer or layers of the same fine fibers are sewn through the backing, preferably from different sides, and the two-piece sewn in this way

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semi-finished product can, if so desired, in the are finished in the manner described below, so that the final pulp is produced. It can also be used as a composite underlay for further sewing or tufting processes be used. The fine fibers then form base fibers to hold the subsequently sewn or tufted fibers Primary fibers. Achieving substantial uniformity in pulp diameter across the bulk of each layer is of primary importance for a successful outcome of the procedure.

Depending on the sewing required in each case, the product is made more compact by puckering, preferably when it is damp, such as in a wool tying machine, or by stretching or tensioning, or by a combination these process steps or by any other final treatment suitable for densifying the material and to allow all the fibers to interlock and to connect them homogeneously, firmly and intimately to the base.

The result is a fiber in which the layers the fibers and the backing are not easily separated by lifting or pulling the fibers from both sides can.

Preferably, however, the small diameter fibers are used as a means for anchoring the primary fibers in the Pad used. These may be longer, thicker or made of one

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different material, or they can be a combination have these properties * depending on the desired Properties of the finished fiber. You will go through the already sewn, assembled underlay before the Condense sewn or tufted »

The number of passes through a sewing or tufting machine for each fiber layer can be varied due to tests or due to other conditions, Sewnormal however, two passes for each layer will be sufficient.

Where primary fibers through a composite backing are sewn, it is also convenient to sew only a single layer of base fibers through the backing, and the The first layer of primary fibers is sewn or tufted from the same side as the one on which the base fibers are attached are sewn in. After that, any further layers of primary fibers are sewn or tufted in from different sides, and one or more layers of primary fibers can be applied depending on the weight of each layer Primary fibers and the desired properties of the finished fiber material.

Where a mesh fabric is used for the simple underlay is, it preferably has a mesh size in the range of 12 to 30 warp and weft threads per inch.

A fabric used for a backing of a fibrous material according to the invention can be of any suitable type

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Material, either a natural product or an artificial product or a mixture of both. Likewise, the linen base fibers and the primary fibers can be any be it protein, cellulose, plastic, melt-spun, or any other texture.

Are all fibers, including the spun yarn in a tufted fiber fabric, necessary for the finished fiber fabric are required, sewn or tufted through the underlay, it is pulled together - at least in width -, between $ 5 and $ 8 or even more, depending on the case Weight of fibers and density of stitching or tufting. This phenomenon is observed in the dry state of the partially finished pulp and depends on the progression Puckering of the actually flat base by successive sewing or tufting processes.

If the partially finished fiber material is now subjected to a stretching process, for example in a conventional one Tenter to restore di4 original dimensions to produce at least the original width, stretching or tensioning the crimps also helps to compact the touching fibers more tightly so that they adhere firmly to each other as well as to the substrate.

Sewing the first layer of primary fibers through the composite backing also adds cohesion

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between the base fibers and the substrate and generated at the same time entanglement of the fine base fibers and the primary fibers.

The invention can be used particularly advantageously in the case of fibrous materials made from primary fibers consist, which are sewn through a composite backing in the manner described above, if the fine base fibers can only be sewn on one side through the simple backing and the first layer of primary fibers through which is so The resulting compound underlay is sewn on the same side. The result is a second sewing process for the fine basic fibers. The fine basic fibers can, however can also be sewn from both sides through the simple underlay, if so desired.

Since the wear properties of the according to the invention Process produced fiber, inter alia. on the strength of the bond between the primary fibers with the Compound! depend on the base, it goes without saying advantageous to use a relatively coarse needle in a needle loom in order to maximize the capacity of fibers to take advantage of. However, for each fiber there is one proportional Fixed limit for the coarseness of the needle, which shows when there are permanent needle marks in the fiber material result. For a representative range of fiber fabrics and fiber compositions it has been found that the inventive method needles in a relatively

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narrow range required * Preferably needles with the values 32, 34 and 36 (English standard) are used »or a combination of two or more of these sizes in the same needle board. Needles with size 36 would be more suitable for critical and sensitive fibers »even if the use of needles is expedient, the considerable outside of this range if special effects are to be created.

Tests have shown that the needles "below size 36" do not have a sufficient count of fibers absorb or interweave with each sewing process in order to achieve the necessary structural stability of the fiber material to create either the high-stress compaction process or withstanding the lifting or the stresses of normal use of the pulp. It was also found that needles larger than size 32 are usually unusable because they have permanent marks left in the pulp. However, if such markings are desired in order to create “special effects, then a Pulp according to the invention can also be produced using such coarse needles. For all common ones Fiber materials, for example clothing fabrics, upholstery fabrics or carpets, the needles are in the range of sizes 32 to 36

With regard to the principle of intimate and repeated connection of the fibers and the base and the individual Faeern among each other are used for successive sewing processes

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normally to increase the stability of the finished fiber material, especially when these processes alternate be carried out on opposite sides of the base, except in the above-mentioned case in which the first Layer of primary fibers is sewn first, which is best done from the same side as the sewing the fine base fibers through the underlay.

In a particularly good pulp made according to the invention, there is at least one of the basic ones Components - base or the fibers held by it - wholly or predominantly from a melt-spun artificial substance with a relatively low softening temperature, so that flexibility of the pulp is ensured is. In view of this, polypropylene is particularly useful. Will be three components - backing, primary fibers and base fibers - used, the base fibers can be made from the melt-spun artificial component of the finished fiber material exist. Of course, more than one of the three main components can also meet this requirement.

In the previously described "method were special obtained satisfactory results through the use of several different types of fabrics and fibers. It however, it is obvious that if at least one of the components, such as the primary fibers, the property has to contract or otherwise shrink when subjected to special treatment such as brushing, moistening or

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Heating or all of these is subjected to the Use of such a component in the method according to the invention significantly increases the strength of the finished fiber material when the partially finished fiber material is subjected to the processing concerned will. Are z. B. the fine base fibers wool, so causes a wet treatment of the sewn fiber under alkaline conditions or acidic conditions cause a shrinkage and swelling of the base fibers, which leads to a further increase in the friction component of the bond between the various parts of the Fiber contributes. It is similar when melt-spun fibers are used. The partially finished sewn or tufted fabric material at a friction or ambient temperature at or near the softening temperature which leads to an increase in the bonding of the fibers, which thus adhere more tightly together or to one another curl into each other.

In order to increase the bond between the various components of the pulp described so far, it is It is advisable to compress or compress the sewn fiber material before stretching it. That can be advantageous take place in such a way that first the fiber material is moistened, for example with soap and water, with a detergent Solution as well as with an acidic mixture, depending on the type the fibers, and then beating, rolling or squeezing the fiber material to remove excess moisture

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to remove and to compress the fibers in the pulp. A suitable machine for carrying out this process, which is already commercially available, is a conventional one Rolling machine as used in the wool industry and in which the sewn or tufted fiber material is moistened and passed through a first creel and then through grinding rollers, then through a stationary neck, and this The process is repeated one or more times, with a continuous and increasing reduction in the passage between the roller gates or the cross-section of the neck or the pressure on the sanding rollers, or some combination of these factors. After a sufficient number of passes through the grinding machine or other compacting device, the pulp is then stretched or tensioned in a conventional manner.

The invention is to be explained in more detail below with the aid of the drawing.

Fig «1 shows a completely schematic cross section

through a composite base consisting of a fabric and a layer of wool fibers, that are sewn into it,

Fig. 2 shows an assembled base according to

Fig. 1, after the primary fibers are sewn in,

Fig. 3 is the same representation of the pulp according to the compression of the intermediate product according to Figure 2,

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Pig. 4 shows schematically and for the purpose of clarification for the following Figures a cross-section of a simple pad before sewing,

Pig 5 shows more figuratively, but still stylized, fine base fibers of small diameter, as indicated by a simple pad Pig. 4 are sewn through, so that a composite underlay results,

Fig. 6 shows the result after the coarser primary fibers through a composite base according to Pig. 4 are sewn through and

Pig. 7 shows the finished fiber material according to Pig. 6 after compaction.

In Pig. 1, a fabric 10 is shown, which is preferably made of cotton or nylon and which is 12-30 Warp and 12 to 30 wefts per inch. Basic fibers 11 of fine wool are sewn into the fabric 10, namely about 2 to 4 ounces per sq.yd. In this exemplary embodiment, fine wool is chosen because its pastes have a small diameter (called 60 and up in the Yorkshire wool ribbon), and because they have good pucker and shrink properties during a wet compaction process. The lines are also selected to ensure that

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the fibers are uniform in diameter over the entire thickness of the layer to be sewn, so that maximum uniformity the bond is achieved over the entire fiber. The sewing is carried out in such a way that it is ensured that a substantial proportion - up to $ 50 - of these base fibers is on the underside of the composite base prepared in this way.

After the underlay is prepared in this way, it is either made by a needle loom or a tufting machine guided, which sews or tufts the desired primary fibers 12 through the prepared base. The primary fibers 12 are in the case of tufting, spun yarn as shown in FIG. These can be made of any suitable material be either animal, vegetable or artificial, depending on the type of fiber material to be produced. Should the finished product be a blanket in a special case, thus, artificial primary fibers 12 of substantially the same fine diameter are passed through the prepared one from one side Backing sewn at a rate of 2 to 7 ounces per sq. yd. The resulting product then becomes a second Subjected to the sewing stage in which the same amount of primary fibers is sewn through from the other side.

During these last two sewing stages it must be ensured that as many primary fibers 12 be pushed into and through the prepared base 10, 11, so that the mass of differently oriented base and primary fibers

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so connected and hooked that individual primary fibers 12 by mechanical action intimately with the prepared underlay are connected. U-at the same time has to The quality of the sewing process can be checked and, if necessary, this process must be repeated so that the fiber as a whole is sufficiently well compacted mechanically that it is able to the first stage of a withstand restricted ITass treatment process.

The care and control mentioned above complement the traditional aspects of surveillance the operation of the needle loom, so that it is ensured that the base and primary fibers are approximately evenly protrude on both sides of the simple base so that the fiber material remains sufficiently firm during the sewing process, and that the speed of the needle loom is not so fast that it tears the pores instead of pulling them through. Such monitoring in the manufacture of conventional sewn fibers is normal.

In the method according to the invention, however, is a Another monitoring process of particular importance, namely the strength of the needles in the needle bed. There, as already noted, the most important thing about any sewing process is maximum insertion of the pasers and entanglement with the simple one To achieve a backing, it is essential that the pasers be captured as much as possible, without "permanent needle marks" in the fabric develop. This increases the permissible range of the maggot

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considerable one. Sizes 32 and 36 were found to be the optimal limits for this area. Takes off the rudeness of the If the needles close, their capacity to catch and weave the fibers increases. With increasing fineness, the ability decreases for capturing and taking up fibers, and the strength of the bond between the fibers themselves and between the Fibers and the base sinks below the permissible minimum, at which it is still ensured that the fiber material is mechanical Withstands the stresses of compacting, finishing and lifting.

After the primary fiber η through the prepared base are sewn or stitched in the // iron described above, the partially finished fiber material is moistened and then subjected to rolling under appropriate alkaline or acidic conditions. After a few minutes

themselves
have / the base fibers 11 of the prepared pad sufficiently felted or otherwise compressed, as indicated by the reference number 13 in Fig. 3, so that they firmly grip the primary fibers 12 that are sewn or pierced inside through the pad, and the The grinding or rolling process can be more intense. Rolling continues until the desired texture and degree of flexibility is achieved. At this point the constituents of the pulp are sufficiently firmly bonded to one another that they can be subjected to a conventional dyeing operation or any other

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subjected to other wet or dry finishing operations as required for the finished end product.

After washing, stretching and stretching to the appropriate width, the fiber material is lifted and finished, so that there is a ceiling that is stable in its structure and dimensions and in a satisfactory manner Requirements according to properties a) to j), as specified above, are sufficient.

In i'ig. 4 is the original fabric by a pair indicated by parallel dashed lines 14, which are intended to indicate the warp and weft threads. In Fig. 5, there are fine base fibers

15 small diameter once only from one side of the fabric stabbed and connected sufficiently firmly to the tissue 14, at least sufficiently so that the material is attached to the next Process step can be subjected without dissolution or disintegration taking place. The fiber material 14 is hardly affected, at least as far as its length and width are concerned,

Fig. 6 shows the fiber material after all the primary fibers

16 are sewn or pierced in the fitting manner. The fabric 14 is now contracted or shrunk considerably.

Fig. 7 shows the compaction of the constituents of the pulp at the same time as the flattening of the simple ones Pad 14 due to compaction due to moisture, Stretching and tensioning. The restoration of the tissue

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with regard to the original width and flatness (see Fig. 4) must also be taken into account. This restoration further increases the strength of the bond of fibers 15 and 1-6 of the fibrous web.

The manufacture of tufted fibers using of the method according to the invention takes place essentially in the same way as the production of the sewn one described above or pricked fiber. The pad is made in terms of both texture and fiber components selected so that it is suitable for both the tufting process itself and the desired properties of the finished product Material corresponds. If the composite base according to FIG. 1 consists of a fabric 10 made of nylon, through the fine If wool fibers or fine wool threads are sewn or stitched as base fibers 11, it would be to improve the anchoring the loops on the one hand and the texture and density of the finished tufted fiber on the other hand desirable, to increase the amount of base fibers 11 above the value mentioned above for a sewn fiber material. To be adequate To achieve mechanical anchoring of the slings should be about 3 to 5 ounces per sq. yd. fine wool or wool thread be introduced into the tissue. The actual amount used can be further increased in any given case depending on what is desired, the density and Flexibility of the finished tufted fiber.

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After preparing the composite document described above, an introduction to a tufting machine so that the tufted yarn can be fed. The resulting tufted fabric is then in moistened and rolled in the manner previously described when sewing the fiber material. Then you can use the next steps in the process if necessary · drying, dyeing and finishing take place.

Regardless of whether the finished fiber material is sewn or tufted, the base is always primarily based on it Suitability in terms of weight, strength, tightness of the fabric and the desired properties of the finished product selected. Within the limits determined by these characteristics, the material of the primary fibers including the Tufted yarn can be selected as desired. So you can natural fibers such as cotton, wool, flax, hair or the like. Be. On the other hand, you can also choose from any suitable man-made fibers exist.

Where base fibers are first sewn or stitched through a fabric to create the composite backing, The basic fibers can also be of either natural or artificial origin, but they have to be sufficient have a small diameter that, with appropriate treatment, which can be either physical, mechanical or chemical, or can consist of the application of any of these types, compress sufficiently. Have among the natural fibers

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Cotton, flax, wool, and the best types of hair, these Properties. All fibers can be used under the artificial fibers which have properties similar to natural protein and cellulose fibers are used. It could also be fibers based on the polyvinyl chloride and polypropylene groups which can be made to be contract under friction or heat. Other fibers can also be used to produce a composite base be used when they are able to contract, felt or condense, if they are one chemical treatment with the addition of suitable solutions or atmospheres.

As for the primary fibers, any type can be used without restriction, except for the conditions which depend on the requirements for the finished pulp. This means that clothing fabrics made from cashmere, camel hair, alpaca, Llama, mohair, wool, cotton, linen, jute or any of the known man-made fibers can be made. certainly the latter, particularly those made of polypropylene, are used in the manufacture of clothing fabrics by conventional methods difficult to process. However, the method according to the present invention greatly simplifies this Use of these fibers, which are difficult to process per se.

The method according to the invention is also subject to this no particular restriction with regard to the weight or the nature (texture) of the fiber material to be produced.

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Heavy fibers at 20 to 32 ounces per linear yard can be made according to the invention, as can medium pulps ranging from 12 to 20 ounces each Yard and light fibers in the range of, for example, 10 to 12 ounces per yard, always assumed to be a conventional one Width from 54 to 56 inches, the latter can for example very easily be made by sewing or pricking the The selected primary fibers can only be produced from one side into the prepared base.

As noted earlier, compaction of the pulp is preferred in accordance with the present invention carried out so that an appropriate length of woven or tufted material is made by a conventional folding machine is directed. This treatment is repeated several times while the passage through the guide rollers is progressive is reduced in order to exert increasing pressure on the pulp. Or else, or in addition, the path speed is enlarged, at the same time the fiber is moistened, normally with the help of soapy water or water, the Detergents in the appropriate amount or acids are added, which act as lubrication for the pulp during the Going through narrow necks or crevices is used. The total number of passes through a machine and the degree of compaction depends on the properties of the desired finished fiber and the material used,

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If it is also customary, woolen or regenerated casein fibers through a rolling or compacting machine to conduct in order to condense them and give them a woolly surface texture to give, fibers such as cotton, silk, linen and artificial fibers have not yet been made Solen rolling and compaction processes, as their Surface structures and other physical properties are not obtained in the manner previously described by these treatment methods depend. However, it has now surprisingly been found that a non-woven fiber fabric according to the present invention Invention responds to such treatment in a marked but very different manner that results in the primary fibers be tied firmly to the base. Usually the necessary connection of the primary fibers is made in the underlay, depending on the length of the piece subjected to this treatment, achieved in a time between 20 and 50 minutes.

The weight of sewn or stabbed or tufted fibers per sq. yd. backing can be in relative

vary widely, depending on the weight of the finished product Pulp. For blankets, carpets, women’s and men’s towels in general, the weight is due to the underlay sewn or tufted virgin fibers and the weight of the base fibers imported is usually between two ounces per sq. yd. and side and 7 1/2 ounces per sq. yd. and page,

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with a normal. Range from 3 Ms 4 1/2 ounces per sq. yd. and side. The upper limit of 7 1/2 ounces per sq. yd. and side results from approximately 24 ounces of fiber per yard at a width of 60 inches, and on the assumption that the backing is sewn or bribed on both sides is.

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Even if the material for the simple pad is included the manufacture of the pulp according to the invention is not critical, it has been found that when it is made of Melt spun material such as nylon affects the quality and properties of the finished product are much improved compared to individual fibers that are on a cotton or other cellulosic fabric or on a warp and weft woven backing.

Practical experiments have shown that repeated passage through the sewn or tufted fiber fabric according to the present invention by a narrowed gap, such as that of a conventional rolling machine (or by a different treatment or as it results from the same conditions under compression and friction), a friction arises, which an increasing firm anchoring of the sewn or tufted fibers in the base and a compression of the fiber. If the process is repeated too often or too vigorously, some fibers begin to form to stiffen, and the subsequent lifting takes place more difficult. Depending on the length of the fiber material being processed the rolling process normally takes 20 to 50 minutes.

The observed decrease in the thickness of the pulp results from the increasing compression and connection of the sewn or tufted fibers with one another on the interweaving of the simple pad as it is with

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increasing resistance of the fibrous material to destruction by tearing individual ones. Fibers.

It has also been observed that the progressive closing of the gap or the passage between guide rolls of the conventional rolling machine, while the pulp processed in them until they create a considerable pressure effect on the pulp, a much better result much faster than if the size of the gap or passage is kept constant. On the fiber only a small amount of pressure needs to be exerted by the drive or treatment rollers themselves. Furthermore becomes the moisture component of the pulp due to the repeated passes through the gap of the rolling machine reduced, and this goes hand in hand with an increasing compaction of the fiber.

The continued succession of friction, compression and application by the drive rollers and the Squeezing through the roller gap and the neck of the sanding plate

des ten causes the constituents / fibrous material to tighten, although the fibrous material hardly feels more than lukewarm when it emerges from the neck or crevice. Some artificial ones Fibers shrink under this treatment, for example Polypropylene, and that contributes to the compaction of the fiber. This property of the fibers makes them also for piercing through the simple base as part

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a composite backing through which other fibers, including those based on cellulose, such as for example viscose or cellulose acetate, and the natural fibers of vegetable or animal origin below can be sewn in or stabbed. Such further fibers then become firmly attached to the composite Pad held so that a. mixed fiber results in an equally powerful anchoring of the fibers in the back of the fiber material, like the comparable shrinkage and compression of wool-based fibers is achieved.

Initial trials of pulps, with predetermined fiber properties and textures determine the optimal degree of rolling to the largest finished End product. Excessive grinding is shown by a surface hardening of the fiber material, which Effectiveness of the subsequent lifting process influenced.

Artificial melt-spun fibers that are thermoplastic are particularly useful for the method according to the present invention Invention suitable, and if they also have the property of linear shortening at temperatures within their softening range or under frictional conditions, the more suitable. Such materials are Polypropylene, polyethylene derivatives, polyvinyl chlorides and acetates, polyamides, polyacrylonitriles and various different

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Delte acrylic materials. Fibers with a lower softening temperature are best used as part of the base to hold other fibers with a higher softening temperature used, or cellulose fibers, fibers of animal or vegetable origin, where the finished fiber is intended for use on items of clothing, blankets,! carpets and the like.

A particularly successful wire and process for its production according to the present invention contains a composite base consisting of a Nylon or cotton fabric, through the polypropylene base fibers are sewn. Pipes made of polyacrylonitrile material are sewn through this composite underlay known to the name "Oourtelle". This fiber will then rubbed, for example, by repeatedly passing through a conventional grinder in the manner previously described runs and then he is subjected to a "tensioning and stretching process, followed by a lifting process that creates a luxurious fluorine. The finished fiber material is dense, soft, very flexible and extremely stable in terms of dimensions. The primary fibers cannot be easily pulled out of the support, and the material can only be removed with great difficulty mechanically torn into its various components.

Another successful wire consists of one individual tissue in which to produce the composite

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Underlay basia fibers made of fine wool or solid wool threads sewn in or stabbed in. Polypropylene fibers are then pierced through this base and the fiber material is sanded in the manner described above, then raised and finished as is the case with conventional cotton or Wool fiber is the case.

Another successful fiber fabric according to the present invention consists of a nylon fabric, which consists of a $ 60 / $ 40 mixture of 5 denier extruded polypropylene fibers, and fine wool or Fe.tEci wool threads as the base fibers, which are stitched into it. An acrylic yarn is sewn through this composite base and the resulting fiber material is sanded or rubbed in the manner described above. The finished fiber product is soft and pliable and yet has a back or a body , and the loops cannot simply be pulled out, nor can the fiber material be mechanically torn into its constituent parts without difficulty.

From the foregoing I can see that the action a conventional orphan or grinding machine on a tape according to the present invention completely different from the well-known rolling or compaction process in woolen fibers and is a completely unexpected result shows with regard to the anchoring of the primary fibers in the substrate. In addition, it is important that an extended

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Subjecting a material according to the present invention to adverse milling or milling treatment May have effects that lead to a stiffening and eventually lead to hardening of the surface. In some cases, of course, this stiffened material may be beneficial be, for example, where it is used as decoration or sound improvement material to be used in a vehicle, or to temporarily cover a window or for similar decorative purposes. Usually, however, this process is aborted before such stiffening occurs, this ensures that the material has the necessary flexibility and quality. At a typical process form according to the present invention when a compaction in a rolling or grinding machine cloth speeds through the neck are between 150 and 250 yards / minute normal.

Details of the various fibrous materials as produced in accordance with the present invention are set out below.
1. 100 $> Acrylic fiber on cotton fabric.

Simple pad; Cotton fabric with 18 warp threads

χ 18 wefts per inch, 74 inches wide, and the yarn is in each one Trap spun up to a number of 12 (English tree counting).

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Base fiber; 3 ounces per sq. Yd. Of acrylane (manufactured

τοπ of Ohemstrand Ltd.) sewn or stung through only one side of the fabric.

Primary fiber: a mixture of. 3 acrylic fibers, whereby

the three ingredients of the blend are as follows (parts by weight): 5 denier - 33 hf °

8 denier - 33 i f ° 15 denier - 33 5 # ounces per square yard are on each

Page pierced through the prepared base.

Sewn again on each side to match the construction, des To consolidate fiber.

A 65 yard piece was subsequently described in the ^ Wise rolled or sanded in 4 ^ gallons of hot water and 1 pound of soap, washed out, dyed, stretched and excited, lifted. The above fabric was formally approved by acrylic fiber manufacturers under their "1 year wear and tear" scheme accepted.

2. 100 jo acrylic fibers Women fabric - 13 to 14 ounces per square yard with 56 inch width. Simple base: cotton fabric made of 18 warp threads

χ 18 wefts per inch, 60 inches wide,

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and the yarn is spun in each case up to a number of 12 (English Cotton count).

Base fiber: 3 denier acrylic, 3 ounces per square

yard, sewn through the cotton fabric from one side only. Primary fiber: 8 denier acrylane - 3 ounces per suare

yard, sewn through each side

Sewn again on each side to secure the construction. A 65-yard piece was below in the manner described above polished in 4 \ _gallons n _el j3en water and 1 pound soap, washed, dyed, stretched and tensioned and raised. This cloth has been formally recognized by the manufacturers of acrylic fibers.

3. Duffle-Ooat-Tueh (or Donkey Jacket Gloth) «Wool and wool.

Simple pad; Cotton fabric with 18 warp threads χ

18 wefts per inch, and the yarn was numbered in each case spun by 12 .

Baslsfaaer: 2 ounces per square yard of fine wool thread,

sewn into the fabric from each side.

- 34 -209819/0767

3
Primary fiber: 6 4 ounces per square yard Beißwolle

sewn into the prepared base from each side.

Sew again from each side for extra strength to achieve.

A 65 xard piece was subsequently sanded, in Fig. 4 Gallons of hot water and 1 pound of soap, washed out, colored, stretched and stretched and raised.

4. Alpaca Wool Apparell IPuoh.

Simple base: A nylon fabric with an 18 to 18 chain

Weft and each spun up to the number 12 (English cotton count).

Baiiafasert Fine wool threads of a quality

no less than 64, sewn at 3 \ ounces per square yard ron just one side through the fabric. Priaärfaeeri fine white Alpaoa fleece, sewn

Tone both sides through the compound underlay with 4- \ Uxusen per square yard.

Sewn from both sides to strengthen the fiber. Subsequently rolled, ground, in the manner described above Manner with 1 pound of soap dissolved in 6 i gallons of hot water, stretched, strained, raised and finished.

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The example given above is typical of all fibers that use protein hair fibers, e.g. B. Cashmere, Mohair, llama, camel hair.

5. PVO fiber apparatus cloth.

Simple base: Bin nylon fabric as in Example 4. Base fiber; 3 denier Movil T, sewn by just one

Side through the fabric with 3 τ? Ounces per square yard.

Primary fiber: 6 denier Movil T, sewn by each

Page through the compound backing at 3-4 ounces per square yard.

Sew again from both sides to strengthen the fiber material. Subsequently rolled and drawn and processed in the manner previously described with 1 pound of soap, dissolved in 4 gallons of hot water. Stretched, stretched, raised only on one side and finished. The finished product is a light cloth for children's clothing. The pulp is fire safe.

G. Virginia wool blanket.

Simple base: A worsted fabric with 16 thread

(English worsted number) with 16 warp threads and 16 weft threads. The yarn is

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Ί635498

steamed and the finished fabric measured.

Basic fiber Peiner wool thread with a quality.

of not less than 64, sewn from only one side through the thread with

3 4 ounces per square yard.

1 " Primary fiber: A Crossbred New Zealand 2 · * · - 3"

Slipe Wool, more run-in, sewn from each side through the composite underlay with 3 π ounces per square yard.

Sew again from both sides to strengthen the fiber material. Subsequent light sanding and processing as previously described in 1 pound of soap and 5 gallons of hot water. Stretching, tensioning, lifting from both sides and Finishing. The fiber produced is a blanket consisting only of wool.

All the fibers mentioned above can be faster and can be manufactured with less labor than conventionally manufactured equivalents. They were from the respective Branches of textile trade adopted for commercial use.

SL / El - claims -

209819A0767

Claims (6)

Claims 1 * Method for the production of fibers on a base material or a base, characterized in that a layer of base fibers of small diameter is sewn from one side through the base until the fibers protrude approximately evenly on both sides of the base, 'that afterwards additional layers of the same basic fibers or of primary fibers of different properties and properties are sewn or tufted into the initially sewn or composite backing, the sewing steps being carried out with needles of sizes 32 to 36 (English standard), and the resulting pile at Moisture is compressed and compacted by squeezing, erasing or stretching and then optionally a final treatment is carried out. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the base fibers in the case of natural fibers are no more than 30 microns or in the case of artificial fibers no more than 7 denier in diameter. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the compression or compression is carried out by means of a conventional wool grinding machine, and that the pressure exerted by the grinding rollers on the pile during compression is progressively increased as the compression of the pile progresses. - A 2 209819/0767 ^s ^ ^ 4. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that initially at least 2 ounces per sq. yd. on each side, preferably between 3 and 4 1/2 ounces per sq. yd, per side, fine combed wool as base fibers are sewn through the backing, and that primary fibers of different properties and properties are sewn from both sides, starting on the same side on which the base fibers were first sewn. 5. The method of claim 1, 2 or 3 » characterized in that at least 3 ounces per sq. yd. per side, preferably between 3 and 5 ounces per sq. yd. per side, fine wool or men's combing wool are first sewn through the backing as base fibers, and that primary fibers of various properties and properties are tufted into the backing in the form of spun yarn, 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the weight of the sewn or tufted into the composite base primary fibers between 2 and 7 1/2 ounces per sq. yd. per side. 7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the components, base, base fibers, primary fibers is a melt-spun synthetic plastic, and that during the process of combining - A 3 209819/0767 öriicku-ng 'the pile of friction or an outside temperature which is sufficient to see in the theraoplarfi Pasern to generate the required degree of flexibility. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base is woven from cotton, nylon or a similar fabric with between 12 and 30 warp and weft threads per inch. SL / 'Sch 209819 / 07P7