DE1634340A1 - Method and device for driving piles in underwater layers, in particular for drilling platforms - Google Patents

Description

Dr. W. Cool

Patent attorney

Telegram address: Döllnerpatent Telephone: 346131

aooo Hamburg se, 1-7 December 1965

Esplanade 36 α

Dr.Kh/Ma

Esso Production Research Company, Houston, Texas, 7th St.A.

Method and device for driving piles into Underwater layers, in particular for drilling platforms

For this registration, the priority is derived from the American patent application Serial No. 4-20.070 and 4-20.071 of December 21, 1964.

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus For driving piles, especially in dense, hard layers of sand that are under water · Such piles and pile gratings are primarily used to build drilling platforms

When driving piles and especially those Piles intended to support drilling platforms away from the coast cannot penetrate sufficiently with normal bammers of the piles in dense layers of sand, because large piles of sand form on the piles in the Sasde layer. The ramming

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BATH.

Clay piles in such sand layers often lead to premature sticking of the pile, in particular because of the extremely high mechanical stress on the equipment for holding down

The invention is based on these and other disadvantages of conventional methods of driving piles and at the same time avoid deep penetration of the piles into dense sand layers with a minimum of aggravation of the to achieve the actual bamming process.

It is known piles, for example made of steel pipes or steel cylinders consist of ramming in with an ordinary bammar and at the same time water in a closed hydrostatic system into the sand with the help of nozzles Inject to decrease the resistance to the pile penetrating the sand · This will actually increase the resistance against the penetration of the piles and it is considerably reduced possible, the piles through dense and thick layers of sand driving in · If on the other hand driving a pile and the If the pumping in of water is stopped for a long time, then it is often extremely difficult or even impossible to drive in of the stake »to resume or · continue. Every time a new drilling section has to be connected to the drilling section that has already been driven in, a weld is necessary on the drive head, so that the closed hydrostatic system is maintained, with a great loss of time, of course, due to the Welding of healing occur together

The disadvantage is eliminated according to the invention by

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that the ram head including its The anvil completely omits and the Rohrsohüsee detachable with each other connects and uses a packing gasket to replace the seal created by the weld seam · This way everyone individual pile at the junction between the ram and the next pipe section made pressure-tight in order to really get a closed! to get proper hydrostatic system

The object is achieved according to the invention in that a ram is used, which is removable at the upper end • the uppermost pile pipe section can be attached, which in turn contains a chamber from which a line into the pipe section As soon as the battering ram and the pipe section have come into mutual engagement, there is also a sealing device is provided in the line, which creates an annular space between the line and the pipe section as soon as a liquid pressure acts on the seal below the seal. The new process includes the following stages: Attachment of the battering ram to the top End of the pipe section, pumping in a hydraulic medium into the chamber and through said line and exercising the overpressure on the seal underneath it to create the annular space between the pipe and the pile, and finally Driving the pile old with the help of the piling device while constantly pumping a flowing medium into the chamber and through it the said line through

The advantage of the subject matter of the invention is a considerable reduction in the ram side and an improvement and relief of the piles penetrating the sand layer

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Further purposes and advantages of the subject matter of the invention will emerge from the description which follows, in which reference will be made to the drawing.

In the drawing is:

Fig. 1 is a side view of the Einrichtimg according to the invention, which also serves to explain the procedure for driving piles away from the coast to be driven in layers of sand; 2 to 4 each show a view of a section through a drill or · by a pile pipe section, which is in a lower

Sand-water located / layer is to be rammed, as well as a position of the attachment of the nozzles for Supply of the water jet and its effect within the pile according to the teachings of the invention;

Figure 4A is a side view, partly in section, of a first Embodiment of the device according to the invention with ram head and sealing device, which are connected to a pile pipe shot, which after the method to be rammed according to the invention;

5 shows a view of a longitudinal section through the sealing device according to FIG. 5 on an enlarged scale in their arrangement within the drilling section, which is being driven great;

FIG. 6 is a view of a section along line 6-6 of FIG. 5 and seen in the direction of the arrow;

FIG. 7 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 5 of a modified one Embodiment of the sealing device;

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8 and 8A each show a view of a longitudinal section, to XeIl

in side view, the Dichtungsworichtung and the device for holding down within the Rammkopfea ^ being the prepared pipe section and also the driven pipe section is another embodiment of the device according to the invention contain;

9 shows a view of a cross section along line 9-9

of Fig. 8A and seen in the direction of the arrows and

10 shows a view of a longitudinal section through the arrangement

· in Fig 8 and in such arrangement within the driven pile as © i adopt? _§ when the seal is inflated ·

In Fig. 1 of the drawings, 10 denotes a barge on which a platform 11 is built on a scaffolding, as well as a hoist 12 from which a steam hammer 13 hangs down, which is used to drive piles 14 into the dense layer of sand 15. A layer 16 of less dense sand or mud is above the sand layer 15, but under the water 17 A pile is drawn here in the position it will assume when it has been rammed through the resistant layers ₉ during the pile tube snow 14b only with the help of the Bammkopfea 18, on which the steam hammer 13 is arranged, should be driven into the Sandeohioht 15. The individual pile rachüsae and at the points 19 with each other Y®a? S © hweucht · According to an older suggestion, the ram head® is also welded to the upper end of a new Rohrwehusses 14b »in the Stgeneats

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this is the case with the method according to the invention Welding the ram head away to the new pipe section · A seal is made with no welding takes place, so that there are considerable time savings in the manufacture of the connection point.

2 to 4 show in section the pile sections 14a in the position in which they penetrate the sand layer 15. Fig. 3a shows a drilling line arrangement 20 for feeding the Water jet into the pipe section 14a. The device 20 consists essentially of a tubular part 21 for the Beam guide with a connection point 22 at the upper end and holes 23 near the lower end · Spacers 24 for the central guides of the drill are mounted along the pipe sections, perpendicular to the pipe 21 and in a central position to keep inside the pipe section 14a · Wire rope loops attached to the upper end of the pipe 21 for insertion diee # s tube and the removal from the tube shots 14 too A hose 24a is used to supply water into the pipe 21 from an externally provided source Water flows out of the holes 23 in the form of individual water jets and in this way facilitates the lowering of the arrangement 20 through the layer of mud 16 (see Fig. 3). As soon as the device 20 reaches the sandechioht 15 has reached, the hose 22a is removed from the connection point 22, as shown in FIG. This figure shows at the same time da lower end a new pipe chus 14b, which to the whether «right end · dta Rohrsehu ···· 14a is anechweieet. The pipe 21 now penetrates into the sand chioht 15 because the water in it

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Drilling section 14 · through the connecting piece 22 into the interior of the Drill 21 entered and out of the holes 23 in the form of spurts out individual jets of water

As can be seen in FIG. 4A, the ram head 18 is provided with a Sealing device 34- welded, in which there is a drilling line 35 is made of steel, which is through a section 36 in lower end of the ram head it 18 passes through. Badial running Reinforcement plates 37 are attached to the drilling line 35 and to the The lower end of the ram head 18 is welded on. The individual sealing parts of the sealing device 34 comprise a fixed one Plate 38 attached to reinforcement plates 37 and to the drilling pipe 35 is welded on and has small drip holes (see Fig. 5). The drilling line 35 is rigidly attached in the middle of the plate, the outer diameter of which is slightly smaller than is the inner diameter of the drill 14b, as can be seen from FIGS. 4A and 4B 5 can clearly see · The seam between the outside of the drill hole 35 and the plate 38 is pressure-tight welded · Two sealing rings 40 and 4-1 are on the underside of the plate and housed on their inner or outer band. A hollow, floating plate 4-2 that is the same diameter like plate 38, has a central opening of the same diameter as plate 38, is disposed around the conduit and extends horizontally between it The two sealing rings 40 and 4-1 · Tapered guides or plates 4-3 are below the floating plate 4-2 on the Pipe 35 welded on · These plates act as stops for the moving plate 4-2 and prevent it from moving off the Drilling line 35 fall off. A connector 44- on the ram head

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and pins 45 attached to the pipe section 14b are used to fasten the ram head 18 to the drilling section 14b ₀ Instead of the connection with pins 45, the ram head can also be fastened to the pipe section 14b with the aid of wire rope connections.

The modified embodiment 34 'of the sealing device according to Pig. 7 is borrowed from the device of FIG. 5 and works in the same way. In Fig. 7 are all parts that also occur in Fig. 5, denoted by ('), even if equivalent parts of the sealing device are involved. The floating plate 42 'in Fig. 7 is a plate with an annular recess in its surface. The ones facing upwards circular shoulders have the purpose of touching the sealing rings 40 * and 41 * at the same time «

In the embodiment according to FIG. 4A, the ram head 18 is attached to the pipe section 14b by means of the arrangement 44-45. The lower end of this pipe section is connected to the pipe section 14a, whereupon a hydraulic medium or a liquid is fed through the connections 32, which is connected to Arn Raa * - head 18 are attached, and is then through the pipe 35 introduced into the pipe section · If the pipe section 14b to filled with water below the sifting device 34, then the hydraulic pressure acts on the underside of the movable Plate 42 and presses the · up · Dl · upward directed Force on the plate 42 preset the sealing rings 40 and 41 against the plate 38 and the inner wall of the Rohrsohusses 14b as well The floating plate 42 and the fixed plate 38 wipe a little water against the outer wall of the pipeline 35

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penetrated, then it gets through the small bores 39 in the plate 38 into the space above the sealing device and thus into the open. A small amount of leakage water around the hinge 40 and 41 may occur when hydraulic fluid is first applied and will pass through the sealing device 34 into the interior of the pipe sections at approximately 40 pounds per square inch (2.3 kg / cm). The pipe sections are then driven into the sand layers with the aid of the steam hammer 13 with the interposition of the ram head 18. The pipeline 21 is of course already installed in the lower pipe sections before the ram head 18 has been connected to the pile pipe section to be driven in.The device with the pipes and nozzles can be soaked into the sand by letting water through the connections 32 and the drilling line 35 is pumped through

During Rammvorgange can · the Bammkopf 18 are supplied with compressed air via the line 33 · The air column within dee Rammkopfeβ 18 remains closed so that calibrated the driving energy · fully auewirkt on the walls of the pile, but not KUF the water column inside the pile · Additional air vents can be supplied via connection 33 in the event that air has been lost «which has spread into the water.

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If necessary, of course, additional pole shots " which are then rammed in using the same method · As soon as a new pipe section has been rammed in until it no longer continues, the supply of water to the ram »- head 18 interrupted · The pressure from the hammer head 18 is also interrupted drained. If the pressure in the pump or at another point outside the pipe section has been released, then it falls the floating plate 42 down to the stop 43 and opens the sealing device 34. Then the ram head 18 separated from the pipe section 14b and removed together with the device from the upper end of this pile pipe section.

FIGS. 8 to 1.0 show a further embodiment the sealing device according to the invention.

Figures 8, 8A, 9 and 10 show the ram head 18 with the Anvil 131 · This is to the new pipe section 14b, to the sealing device and to the device 135 for holding down welded water lines 132 and a compressed air line 133 are in communication with a chamber ie inside the ram head 18, in order to be able to direct water and / or air into the ram head. The upper end of the Eajuier is below it with the help of a plate 134 dta anvils · 131 closed · A pipe 135 is in the lower Arranged at the end of the Raamkopfee 18 and protrudes through the pipe section 14b through and into the pipe section 14a · The pipe has a · sealing plate · 13S> that arranged on the inner wall de · Ramakopf ·· 18 feetgeeehweieet is * V «r« strengthening plates or -rippen 137 u & A «in piece Bohr 138, which ·· through the plate · 136 passes through, are on the flat · 136 at her · »upper end · fixed * echw * i ·· * and on the lower £ ®d & of the Kohraohueaee 14a with the help ·

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a device made of pin and slot 141 or 140 locked · The pin 140 is welded to the inner wall of the pipe section 14a. An inflatable seal having an expandable elongate portion 143 that preferably has gaps and ribs and to which also clamp parts 144 belong to the inflatable Seal to (remote to attach pipe part 138 is located inside the driven pile · A spacer for purposes the centering 145 is located below the inflatable seal 142 also in the tubular part 138 · A thin * Water pipe 146 is located inside the pipe 138. It connects the interior of the sleeve-shaped seal 143 with a Pressure medium ^ aelle via a hose 147, a valve 148 and another hose 149

In the following, the new method will be based on the Pig · 1 bis 4 will be described in more detail. First, the initial section of the pile 14a is welded to the ram head 18 and rammed down into the hard, dense layer of sand 15 with the aid of the steam hammer 13. The pipe section 14a hits the sand on strong resistance, then the ram 13 is removed from the anvil 131? The welded connection between the ram head 18 and the pile pipe section 14a is broken open and the line arrangement 20 inserted together with the hose 22 in the upper part of the pile section 14a; by pumping in water the hose 22a is this Rohrschusa then up to the tip of the Stakes «softened. The hose 22a is later of his Connection to openings 22 removed · The water pipe 21 is now inserted with the open end in the pile lock 14a.

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Then the ramming head 18 (together with the associated anvil 131) with the device 135 »which is attached to it, Schwdsst to the upper end of a new pile tube part 14b. The device 135 then engages through the lower end of the pipe section 14b. The hoist 12 then lifts the welded one Ramming head together with the device 135 and the drilling section 14b to the upper end of the drilling section 14a, where the sealing device 135 is inserted into the pipe section 14a and rotated until the slot 41 on the tubular part 138 with the Part 140 of the driven post 14a is locked or fixed (see Figs. 8 and 8A).

Now the valve 148 is opened and through the hoses 147 and 149 and through the thin drilling line 146 with the small one

Diameter into the interior of the sleeve-shaped sealing element 143

a a pressure medium / pumped to inflate the sealing element and expand and in this way the annulus between the tubular part 138 and the drilling section 14a below it seal the uppermost end, as shown in FIG now water into the ramming head 18 via the supply line 132 and through the tubular part 138 into the driven drilling section 14a pumped to the point immediately below the inflated seal gate device 142 and below the unsealed joint 150 between the drill bits 14a and 14b The upper end of the drilling section 14a is then welded to the lower end of the drilling section 14b while water is being pumped in A strong hydrostatic pressure is now exerted on the sand layer 15 located below, using the hydraulic system. The water flows through the pipe with the connector

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down into the nozzle line 21 and thus into the sanitary layer at the top of the post (see Fig. 4) during the welding process, which takes a considerable amount of time

Is the welding process that the pipe sections 14a and 14b connects with each other, once ended, then the pumping of water into 6.en ram head 18 is interrupted and the pressure inside the. Sealing element 142 is opened by opening the Valve 148 decreases so that the seal collapses, for at least to the extent that the ramming operations can be carried out and then the seal can be moved or manipulated without it being inserted to damage in any way

The supply lines 132 and the compressed air line are more than 100 135 is used to inject water or air into the ram head 18 initiate. The water fills the pipe sections bia to the desired level. An air space is in the ram head 18 and in If necessary, also kept free in part of the pipe section 14b Once the sand layer 15 is at the top of the pile roarsehusses 14a begins again to take up water via the nozzle line 21, the ramming with the steam hammer 13 is resumed with the interposition of the ram head 18 of the pile ©. Resistances, which has been opposed to the driving of the stake by

the flushing jet effect of the water jets through & i © nozzle line 21 is reduced, so that an additional screwing in of the pile pipe is made possible »The air column remains closed, a © that the ramming impact on the wall and not on the water column inside the pile. The effect comes · The connection 133 for the Druekluft can π $ to fill up the air supply β β in the Rema head 18 for the case, -

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be used because air leakage has occurred or the air spread through the water.

Additional pipe sections are then added to achieve the desired penetration of the piles. Serves for this the same sequence of process steps as was described when attaching the pipe section 14b to the drilling section 14a. So in order to be able to add a new drilling section, the ramming head 18 is removed by connecting its connection to the last attached ear shot. Thereupon the new ear section with a further ramming head 18 and a further sealing device and hold-down device 135 »which are welded on has been connected, lifted by the hoist · The device 135 is inserted into the driven ear section and locked by the connection of slot 141 and pin 140. Now the seal 142 is inflated and a pressure medium is pumped into the pile under the sealing device; through the pipe 138 is the supply of the pressure medium, and the water is sprayed into the sand layer in jet jets, during the The driven-in ear section is welded to the new ear section »Then the sealing device is inflated and the Pipe outlets are inserted into the sand layer with the help of the ram head rammed in »while a hydraulic medium is pumped into the interior of the ram head 18 in order to during the ramming of the To be able to inject pile liquid into the sand.

Claims

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Claims (1)

1S3434Q Claims I soldering process for driving hollow piles, for example made of steel pipes or steel cylinders, into a dense layer of sand that is under water, characterized by the following process steps: Attaching a ram head (18) to the upper end of a new pipe section (14b), welding the lower end of the new pipe section (14b) at the upper end of an already existing piece (14a) of a pile, wherein the ram head (18) contains a hollow chamber and in its lower part has a line which reaches into the new pipe section and on which there is a sealing device (34) which serves to seal the annular space between a pipe (35) and the inner wall of the new pipe section when a pressure medium is applied under excess pressure to the underside of the sealing device, a flowing medium is supplied to the underside of the sealing device through the Chamber and the pipeline (35) through to in this way cause the sealing device to expand and seal the annular space between the pipeline and the inner wall of the new pipe section, so that a closed hydrostatic system is created in this way, and finally the hollow pile is driven into the sand layer (15) with the aid of the ram head (18 ) with simultaneous supply of water into the interior of the pipe section through the chamber and through the pipeline · ₀ BATH ORIGINAL G09825 / 0593 2 · The method according to claim 1, characterized by a jet nozzle arrangement with a tube which at the upper end has a Hound with connection (32) and holes (23) at the lower end, the arrangement being introduced before the ramming head is attached to the upper end of the new drilling section of the pile, and the new drilling section of the pile is welded on to the already driven drilling section of the: pile- · 3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the ram head is attached to the upper end of the drilling section is that then a hydraulic medium is pumped into the chamber and through the drilling line and the pressure of the Pressure medium on the sealing device (134) below the Seals (4-0, 4-1) is brought into action around the annulus to seal between the drilling line (35) and the inner wall of the drilling section, and that the pipe section is then rammed together with the ramming head, while at the same time liquid through the well pipe (35) and pumped through the chamber. 4. The method according spoke 3, characterized in that the jet arrangement for generating water jets, eAage fcg »which consists essentially of a drilling pipe (35) with an opening at its upper end and holes (23) Its lower end consists in that the whole arrangement aa lower point of the stake old water soaked into the sand and that finally the hollow pile into the sand layer (15) old help "the Bama device rammed in and at the same time water under excess pressure in the Torah from individual jets of water is pressed through the drilling pipe aystea into the sand layer (15) 0098 25/0593 bath 7 - 16 - 5 · The method according to claim 1, characterized by the Use of a device for sealing and holding down «which essentially consists of one welded to the ram head There is a drill pipe that connects to the chamber, an inflatable seal (142) surrounding the tubing and, when inflated, the bing space between the tubing and the inner surface of a drilling section in which the seal is located seals a drilling line for feeding a Pressure means for inflating the seal body (143) and a Locking device (140, 141) for connecting each BohrSchusses with the sealing device and for holding the device in the prescribed position, and further characterized by the interruption of the supply of water in this drilling shot in, deflating the inflatable seal and ramming the drill shot into the submerged layers with simultaneous supply of water into the sammer and through the drilling line and through the nozzle line into the sand layers « 6. The method according to claim 5 *, characterized in that additional drilling shots are added in such a way that the pumping device for the water is turned off, the ramming head is removed from the top drilling shot and ice new drilling shot is attached to the ramming head, the Eoteleitusg and the sealing device down to the lower end of the new one. % & Ae "is Bohrechusses protrudes and fixed the new Bohrschuss at the uppermost filing of the driven Bohrsehusses such line the drilling and the seals in the uppermost (Cell of the driven Eohrechueses protrude that bievftuf the rchrförmige 009825/0593 bad ^ Part locked with the top drilling section and the seal inflated and that finally the new drilling section is welded to the uppermost part of the driven drilling section, while the pressure medium is pumped through the hammer and the drill pipe into these drill sections « 7 · The method according to claim 5 »characterized in that the ram head attached to the top of a new drill bit to be added to the pounded drill bits, with the drill pipe passing through the lower end of the new drill bit reaches through, which in turn is attached to the topmost of the already driven drill sections, and that the Drilling line is locked itself with the topmost drilling section. 8 · Method according to claim 7 for attaching additional Drilling shots, characterized by the following process steps: Termination of the pumping process through which the liquid enters the drill holes and has got into the already driven piles, removal of the ram head from the top drilling shot and repetition the process stages of attaching the new drilling section to the ram head, attaching the new drilling section to the ο der st dtt rammed drill bits, locking the drill pipe with the topmost of the driven Eohrachüase, inflating the Sealing device and welding of the new drilling section with the rammed drill bit 9. Device for carrying out a method according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized by a ram head (18). for hollow posts that can be removed from the top end of a lohr- ■ ohuese is attached and has a «chamber, a drilling t. 00982 5/0593 bad or: g.'nal line (35) s from this chamber through, the lower end of the ram head passes through and establishes the flow connection from the chamber to the pipe section as soon as the ram head is attached, a circular solid plate (38) attached to the Pipe (35) is attached, sealing rings (4-0, 41) to the inner and outer peripheral surfaces of the fixed plate, one floating circular plate (42, 42 ') below the sealing rings for sealing the annular space between the pipeline and the inner surface of the pipe section using liquid pressure underneath the floating plate and finally identified by stops (43) which are attached to the pipeline (35) and serve to prevent the floating plate (42) from falling. 10 «device according to claim 9 * characterized in that that the floating plate (42) is hollow. 11 · Device according to claim 10, characterized in that the fixed plate (38) has a bore (39), which for this purpose serves to let those amounts of liquid get into the open, which in the space between the solid plate and the floating plate are infiltrated. 12. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that there are recesses in the upper surface of the floating plate (42 *), so that there is only contact with the sealing rings (40, 41). 13 · Device according to claim 12 »characterized in that the fixed plate has an opening which passes through it - 19 - BATHROOM 009825/0593 163 * 340 goes through and serves to let the liquid through, those in the space between the fixed plate and the floating. Plate has seeped in » 14 »Device according to claim 9» characterized by a ram head (18), a chamber and supply lines for liquids into the chamber, a pipe (35 * 135) on the ram head, which starts from the lower end of the chamber and through one to be driven in Pipe section and from there into a pipe section that has already been driven in, an inflatable sealing device (14-2) on the pipeline (35) * those in the rammed pipe chusa; the Piles can be used, and further characterized by a pipeline leading from. the ram head through the pipeline through to the inflatable sealing part (143) and serves to direct a flowing medium from an external To direct the source into the interior of the inflatable seal, and finally characterized by a device (140, 141) for locking the pipeline (138) to the rammed-in pipe socket, in order to keep the pipeline (138) in the intended position to hold on QQ & 82 5 / 059.3