DE1623346A1 - Telescope with rangefinder for weapons that fire in direct shot - Google Patents

Description

PA

DIPL-ING. CURT WALLACH

DIPL.-ING. GÜNTHER KOCH

DR. TfNQ HAfBACH

1623346 8 Munich 2, {9, Feb. 196?

OUR MARK: fO

Francois AE2KE and Marcel DBHAMONI) Paris, France

Telescope with rangefinder for direct shot

firing weapons

The invention relates to a telescope with a range finder, in which two images are brought to coincidence; with the Device can be viewed on one side of a zone to be monitored and on the other hand, the distance to targets in this zone measure up· -

The telescope is built in such a way that by simply aiming and without any particular adjustment, at least one particular

distance of a point in the field of view can be determined, in a modified embodiment, the weapon can be on which the device is mounted, give the shooting tendency that corresponds to the distance of the point to which the range finder is located is set when the images coincide.

As mentioned, the invention is based on telescopes with rangefinders, that is to say with optical devices with which on the one hand, an area can be monitored and, on the other hand, a distance can be determined in this area.

The invention relates in particular to the adaptation of telescopes with rangefinders to those firing in a direct shot Weapons, especially on infantry weapons.

The device is designed so that by mere aiming and without special setting at least a certain distance of a point in the field of view can be determined, and that nacii set the inclination of the weapon in another embodiment that corresponds to the distance of the point, the range finder is set to ien at coincidence.

There are already telescopes with rangefinders "known that

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immediately "when putting on a .. 'cf ^ e and on it ! .eigen for Y'affe, in order to bring the two target images with rangefinder" .- ir "to cover for the ο c hilt ze η, the base angle or the inclination A telescope of this type is the subject of French patent 1 117 6J9 of December 29, 1954 (Goeytaux, Jeramond and Lugues, "Optismies target device fir in direct shot firing V / affeii") _{or similar}

This telescope according to the older invention is grounded in the Eye of the observer two images of the field of observation by means of e .'- four optical systems, whose ge ^ en the 3 observation field of judicial axes - as known per se in vertical orientation are offset from one another. The co-continuity of pictures - different goals in different Removal is made by pressing the weapon and decoupling with it Fixed rangefinder generated The coincidence of the images is based on the application of a size distortion on one of the optical paths. This distortion leads to the fact that the target is directed in this potential way Line of sight inclined by a certain V / inü ^ l and thus the optical coincidence of the two images is achieved. Arithmetic Y / e & e can be used with a given accuracy

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the distortions arising aas the! tilt of the rangefinder against the intended target balance of the rangefinder with the change of the parallax of the viewpoints of the two beam paths so DASB this v7eise the coincidence of the images in the observer ⁰ is .age prepared, also of the Range finder connected Y / monkey the angle of inclination corresponding to the aimed target is given.

The present invention relates to modified constructions of a such? eruroars with rangefinder. The optical one The structure is andex-like and contains different elements, one embodiment, the coincidence iui ü'ntfernungs-. knife fir creates a target distance while the Another embodiment that applies to a large area of distances made possible.

In addition, observation optics are used in the invention with a large field of view in the telescope with rangefinder used.

In principle, the Fernronr bu..itzt with rangefinder two optisune Stron'.iwnwege, which in the vertical direction against each other adds L, ind and each one JJiii of the observed

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Deliver metes; The telescope is characterized by the fact that the target directions of the two beam paths converge at a certain, fixed distance ^{due to the structure of the telescope in the 1 BeOl Dachang area.}

In addition, a third optical system is provided (observation telescope), that delivers an image that differs from the two images generated by the range finder} all Images are viewed with one and the same eyepiece.

In a preferred embodiment forms a concave mirror the common lens for both beam paths of the rangefinder.

In the most improved version, this has a Telescope connected to a firearm, which serves as a telescopic sight, in front of the lens mirror in a beam path of the Range finder a group of anamorphic ^ prisms, the different magnification depending on their position evoke, as according to the usual methods of geometric Optics calculated, and the deflection of the target direction of the rangefinder beam in question, which one consequently the distance dea in the ■ field of view observed object

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true, the gait adapts to the line of fire, that of the position the Sch'ussvv & ff 3 connected to the telescope is the same.

Preferably the one settles near the minimus of the used achromatic group of anamorphic prisms composed of three prisms obtained from the same G-lasstüclc are, have small tip angles and are symmetrical to one Plane are arranged, which penetrates the inherited prism; the second prisms, which have the same apex angles, but which are smaller than that of the first prism, are arranged at a distance from the first prism so that each the base "of a prism next to the refracting edge of the neighboring prism stands.

The following description includes four drawings that show the following!

Pig. 1 shows the image drawn by the rangefinder telescope as seen by the observer;

Fig. 2 is a schematically shown in perspective variant of the telescope with rangefinder according to FIG the invention;

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Fig. 3 shows a perspective view of a Uer.rfeebp ^ isnia from the arrangement according to FIG. 2;

FIG. A shows a vertical section through the pin arrangement according to FIG. 2 in a further variant of the telescope with a range finder.

According to FIG. 2, the telescope with rangefinder has a first lueßstraulenweg λ of the rangefinder, indicated in the figure by its axial ray; darch the axial rays are also a second T.ießstx-ar_ljnÄ'eg 3 and a 3 ^ obuc.; Tungnfernroiir G indicated ;.

The upper Lleßstraüienweg Λ begins at the entrance window 10, is then deflected at the totally reflecting prisms 11 and 12, which bend away from each other around the 3etraj T of the ^ iitfernun ^ srnesserbr.sis, -vie an sic.i ", it is important that the reflective surfaces of these two prisms include a constant, nane ITuIl lying ".Vin ^ el independent of shocks and temperature distribution in the measuring device. This is achieved for the 3 * game dadarc: i that the prisms 11 and 12 are cemented onto an unchangeable quartz carrier. Such unchangeable vertices are also brought about by it. that -: both prizes are executed in the well-known manner as pentaprismeii. """rsS ^ J

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From the prism 12 'read' the entry point one should think of the entry pupil 32 for the upper beam path A, if this beam hits the objective mirror 13j the mirror serves as objective for the upper) zv. lower rangefinder beam path A and B, which are separated here according to, but whose axes lie in a horizontal plane before they strike the mirror 13. The horizontal opening width of the mirror 13 is for this reason about twice as large as the opening of the two beam paths, and the optical axis of the mirror is lost by about 1/4 of the opening of its horizontal diameter compared to the central axes of the two mirrors. In the present example, which does not restrict the invention, a catadioptric system is selected for the general 13. Systems of this type generally have the disadvantage that they cause the central pupil area to darken. In this case, however, this disadvantage does not occur in practice, because because of the very small rangefinder field, which, as will be shown, is generally peculiar to the invention, the very narrow field of view of a strongly magnifying distance meter is obtained in a single eyepiece. ers and the large field of view of a telescope with black magnification combined. On the other hand, the catalytic dioptric lens offers numerous advantages,

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like the "better corrections of spherical aberration and of the chromatic aberration, compared to a dioptric lens, if one takes into account the values of the lens aperture and the focal length pulls; the detectable beam kink has a low level ! Space requirement of the device, without affecting others reflecting optical elements must be used.

After the lesson on the catadioptric lens 13 leads the upper beam path Δ to the focal length of this lens lie in the vicinity of the prism 12; there is the ray path by means of a small, totally rectifying prism 14 into the Horizontal deflected; appropriately, but not necessarily, the prism 14 is arranged so that the focal plane of the objective 13 lies in the exit surface of the prism Η.

Now consider the lower beam path B in the range finder. This path begins at entry window 15, passes through the entrance pupil, which is approximately in height of the prism 12 lies, and then meets the catadioptric Lens 13 in the half kept free for this purpose; from there the beam path B extends further to the Aastrittsfläche of the totally reflecting prism I4.

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In this way, the two images of the field of view overlap, which are generated by the two beam paths A and B of the rangefinder, on the exit surface of the prism 14. So that one does not have only one of these two images in the eyepiece in each of the lines 1 and 2 of the deforming meter image field sees (see. Fig. 1), are in the de * h both Images common plane, i.e. in the exit surface of the prism 14, thin prism-shaped plates 17 (Fig. 5) attached, the one weak deflection of the mid-rays of the two Bring the streak bundle in such a way that the pupils of the two rangefinder beam paths A and B point to the Passing through the prism plate 17 coincide.

After the prismatic plates 17, the two rangefinder beam paths lead through a common centered system with prisms and two groups of lenses 18 and 19 Between these groups is at the location of the two beam passages common interpupil a diaphragm 20 attached, through by which all disruptive secondary pupils are eliminated in a manner known per se.

This system is designed so that two upright-looking Images of the landscape, broken down into fields 1 and

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(Fig. 1), which are assigned to the two beam paths A and 3 are 'eel' of the .au-controversial surface of the totally reflecting prism 21 are designed; this area nimat the upper section of the ubjeiitive field of view of the oicalar 22, which the telescope and the rangefinder is common (in principle essentially the third object focal plane).

The Jleßn-ar ^ en 4, 7, δ ... are engraved on the AastriütflUche of the prism 21 at the places,. He are assigned to the corresponding positions in field 2 of the distance meter image field (Pig. 1).

The mi; The telescopic sight connected to the above-described transferring telescope has the previously appointed eyepiece 22 and a Jauienrsj-stem, which consists of the objective 23 and the lens prism (which can of course also be replaced by a principle other than the type shown in Fig. 2). . The LF reversing system provides a picture of the landscape, ds.c - x? the chopping side of the glass plate 25 designed v.-irdj die3e Fläcue represents the extension of the. The surface of the prism 21 faces downward and is provided with measuring marks as shown in FIG. The? J.äcne coincides with the iJinstellebene of the ÜKulars 22 (principally the object "burning level).

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For adjusting and centering the exit pupils of _; Telescope and rangefinder are used, for example, for deflection, .., prisms in the focal plane of the eyepiece.

In the object focal plane of this eyepiece you can see in upper section, i.e. on the exit surface of the prism 21, fields 1 and 2 of the range finder and below on the Ausurittflache of the plate 25, the field 3 of the telescopic sight; this is the impression drawn in FIG.

On the; .em J3ixd iot the lower section 3 with a large Personal health and black-and-white enlargement Reserved for observation telescope. The upper field, - .1, 2 belongs to the range finder with a small field of view. and stronger Enlargement. The rangefinder-Stranlenweg A delivers on the surface 1 a picture, the other beam path 3 delivers im Field 2 is an image which is cut from field 1 of path A. Coincidence is to be brought about between the image part 38 of the target in field 1 with the remaining part of the image 38 of the target in field '2. -

In a first type of telescope with a range finder, the collapse in the distance is measured by a construction of the device for a given distance D (as a combat

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distance to "denote) brought about by the axes A and B to the distant object against each other around one inclines a fixed angle equal to the equatorial Yi angle, under which the base of the rangefinder, i.e. the distance between the centers of the entry windows 10 and 13 is seen from that distance. The one in the observation field Objects lying at this distance fall on top of each other; this includes, for example, horizontal lines in the in Landscape lying at a battle distance.

In the simplest embodiment (Pig. 1) one mark (part 4 of a horizontal line) of the range finder field corresponds to another mark (tip of the angle mark 5) in the observation field. The marks are arranged so that _r * then if the target is in engagement distance, the two images 37 and 38 ^A - 38 ^B are the target of the marks 5 and 4 respectively.

In the case of these simplest telescopes with a range finder, a mark 7 can also be attached near mark 4. This mark is arranged in such a way that the angular interval of the object width, which corresponds to the interval between the two marks 4 and 7 in the Field corresponds to the parallax of the base in the

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distance ^ n D and D is the same. Duration is the distance to a target exactly equal to D if a horizontal line in the image of the target is in field 2 on mark 4 and in field 1 on mark 7 _{or the like}

The instruments mentioned can also be provided with further marks 8 and 9, 8 and 9 etc. arranged in stages be (Fig. 1). Each of the Markei.paare 8, 9 or 8, 9 corresponds the same points of object separation, and these points are set to 2 and 3 at graduated ballistic angles of inclination of the Waife seen the different ones lying over D Correspond to firing ranges. The marks 4, 7, 8, 8 etc. on the one hand and 5 »9» 9 etc. on the other hand can be calibrated at a distance will.

Of course, the rangefinder window can be simplified and need only have a single dividing line; then each rangefinder beam path ends in one of the halves (right or left half) of the window field.

An improvement on the telescopes described with a range finder consists in the fact that the coincidence of the images of horizontal parts of the object space in fields 1 and 2

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The rangefinder field exactly at the level of the sight mark η 4, 8 ... is brought about, which corresponds to the distances D or D ... corresponds to these horizontal parts of the range finder. The improvement "best in engagement a hairstyle system that sees an anamorphic distortion of the Landsenaftsbild in the vertical. A Such a distorting optical system kan.i in one of the two rays A or 3 in front of the respective entrance pupil ground appropriately.

I? Ig. 4 shows a case in which the distorting system is switched on between the two prisms 11 and 12 at the point of the Stranienweg A, where this has not yet encountered a converging optical element. The AAF aus'sohlietäslich prisms constructed distorting means which was gewänxt here stelxt constitute an afocal system li _p serves optically to the conditions described in paragraph voraergeneden .lege produce by _t by the iinfigung of this system in one of the road.: rangefinder path, a change in magnification is made depending on the position, a change that is equivalent to a variable inclination for each position

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system is designed and arranged in such a way that, if one for example, starting from the ends of the marks 4, 8 of the Part 2 of the rangefinder field against the rays the jjichtf ortpflanungsrichtung traced via each of the two paths Δ and B, the convergence of these rays at the object point that are located in front of the range finder at distances D and D, corresponding to those indicated by the Brands 4, 8 indicated inclinations. The convergence the-er Rays in the object area to certain points, is measured by the parallactic Y angles, below that from these points the vertical range finder base sees. Practically must be the immutability of the rangefinder be taken so far that the measurement of this angle with an accuracy in the G-rö ssen order dor sexagesirnal second can take place,

If, on the other hand, one follows an otranl in the reverse direction of planning, which starts from the ark 9 of the telescope reticle (mark 9 corresponds to the mark 8 on the rangefinder reticle) and passes through the first reversing system 24 and the objective 23, one should get a beam to the object which n ^ .ho dom targeted runkt runs in the distance D with the accuracy of about the desired alignment (Gros · enordiiangeinige Soxa ^ o-

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simal minutes). The link between rangefinder and telescope therefore does not need mechanically with the same Accuracy to be made like the mutual assignment of the two rangefinder beam paths A and B.

This rangefinder principle, which allows a weapon to be aimed directly at by tilting it at an angle of sight, corresponds to the measured distance (after an initial Adjustment of the axes), is already the subject of French patent 1 117 609, as already mentioned; there a different optical arrangement was chosen.

Derive 2; fcnXber iot the distorting system chosen in the present invention in a proprietary manner with the help of three prisms 27, 28, 29, the apex angles of which are C, D, J. The edges of these prisms bend perpendicular to the vertical plane, which contains the base of the distance ame, so that the prisms exert a cylindrical anamorphic effect in the vertical direction.

The essential features of this pre-distortion device are:

- The plane bisecting the title D of the middle prism 28 represents a plane of symmetry for the entire distortion drive bang. · _BAD OB5GI »

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- O = 'Ji (results from the preceding Merkaal).

- D> Ü or> E.

- The edges "C and Ξ lie on the opposite side of the edge Q (ie the prisms 27 and 29 lie with their refracting edges near the base of the prism 28)"

- The gap angles 1? (between prisms 27 and 28) and G (between prisms 28 and 29) are equal to each other *

- The three prisms 27, 28, 29 are made from the same block of optical glass.

- iiin light beam which the prism 28 perpendicular to the plane the bisector of this prism passes through, runs at the minimum of the deviation of the entire prism arrangement bang corresponding train.

The Zv.'itoohenraumwinkel 'J? and G, after which D and G (= J2) were set, chosen so that the overall arrangement is practically color-free for the minimum of the distraction corresponding path.

Men ubar thus has an arbitrarily large number of distorting devices which correspond to the above-mentioned features for given values of D and C (= B).

From these devices, the one selected that can best perform a distortion in such a way that when clicking

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wartsvci'feigen lar rays form a bundle of rays which can be superimposed on the bundle of rays of the plane P ₁ , Pn .... which runs through the optiocne height of the objective 13 and through the horizontal marks 4, 8 ... which Define the inclinations in its local plane, convert it into a narrow beam of rays of the planes P'-, P'q ..., and in such a way that any two levels P ¹ , P ¹ o to Example between siiSh include an angle (P \, P ¹ J, which is equal to the angle (P, Po), less the difference of the parallactic angles at which the vertical base of the distance from the points O, O. of the object spaces aas seen relative to the Keigung defined by the marks 4 and 8.

If the locking device has been selected, one determines the position around one of the edges of the pri_ ~ parallel axis to make it opposite to the beam of rays ilbenen P., Pg ... settings so that the previous Paragraph specified distortion can be executed; iie & e position is always very close to that which the lines of sight of the rangefinder street alem-eges close to the orbit lets pass with the minimum of distraction »

The design is completed by turning the prism 11 through a small angle so that ... by a

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Displacement of all bundles of rays (against the radiation path- ' seen planting direction) the suitable convergences of the rays can be found passing over the two distant sea stranlenwtoge to the object points 0, 0 .... as stated above.

This distortion device composed of prisms offers the following advantages

- It allows relatively large variations in anamotphotischei Magnification (because of the steep incidence of the light rays), the magnification being close to 1, close to the minimum of the deflection is held.

- The ability to achieve such variations in anamorphic magnification, along with the ability to to be able to choose between numerous solutions for the initial selection of the two parameters D, C (= E) Ratios of anamorphic distortion which can be adjusted very well to the ratios that the Sighting angle of the v / af ^ 'e as a function of the distances of the selected shot "'eitenbei'reichs, et · ..a between 200 and 600 m, define.

- The ability to keep the magnification close to 1, makes it possible for the two nebeneinanderliegcnde rangefinder beam paths lenses of the same focal length or shown, even sir, mean ^ uu; it Z ^ egelobjektiv ku loading

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use, which improves the possibility, not one easily impaired wearer of the rangefinder to use as a materialization of the rangefinder base.

- Finally, thanks to the edge-base arrangement, the Prisms with the same expansion coefficient are practical perfect correction of the primary and secondary chromatic Achieve aberration that uncorrects the accuracy of the! range finder would significantly reduce ^.

The optics to be attached to the named weapons allow, as already shown:

- Monitoring the field of fire of the weapon, for which one Optics with a large viewing angle is required.

The range estimate with good accuracy, i.e. with sufficient distance measurement capabilities.

- The judging with the brand or the brands in the crosshairs of the telescope for adequate ballistic sighting angles,

It is desirable to have a device of such small size too possess that it can be left on the weapon without the rangefinder carrier being folded or must be removed.

1 -

It is also desirable to have the distance practically at the same time

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to be able to measure and judge,

- for example "in the case of rapid fire with a stationary sight or" combat - visor ", for which the operator must make sure that the distance of the target point does not exceed a specified value,

- or with the more general 3? all of the direct shot changeable visor between the different shots, depending according to the distance it determines for the target point.

The ones currently known and attached to the infantry weapons for Optical devices used directly under attack do not offer all of these possibilities in common. In contrast, the type of device according to the invention is just so knotted that it permitted:

- the monitoring of the field of fire for the weapon;

- Simultaneous rangefinding and aiming, especially when shooting with a combat sight

- Carrying the device remaining on the weapon without having to fold it up or remove the rangefinder carrier.

The following considerations formed the starting point for the invention:
-it is sufficient to have a wide field of view with moderate magnification to monitor the_Schuse-

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field to be guaranteed;

- A narrow field of view is sufficient for distance measurement, if the directional area was previously reduced with the overview telescope has been; -

- the smallness of the device requires a short range finder base and therefore a high magnification in the rangefinder to provide sufficient distance measurement performance to achieve.

Three types of devices have been investigated:

1. Sin simplified device with only one indication of distance

and _to -eKennzeiehKet through a formation of the two rangefinder trsnienwege for a single distance, in principle the maximum firing range D for "combat viz."

2. A device developed directly from the above-mentioned device for two distance information, in which the distance measuring pathways are normalized to a single and "main distance ^11" (in principle the maximum firing range D ^ with "G-efechtsvisier"), but that also the comparison of the parallactic distance between the images of the target (comparison of the two) with the parallactic distance, the one

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"Second distance" corresponds to D, which in principle is somewhat larger is as D.

3. A device that has been further developed with multiple de- rangefinder information next to each of the different visor marks the agreement of the distance measurement and the ballistic angle of inclination (achievable with a prism system described above).

When using the weapon with the optical devices of the type I, II, or III the shooter proceeds as follows:

- He observes the target or the point to be monitored on field 3,

- he reduces his directional range with the help of the mark 5} '

- it finishes the calibration with mark 4 by noting the coincidence of the horizontal lines at this line in the Fields 1 and 2 are checked, the distance measuring process being carried out with almost no additional delay.

Venn ler the comparison horizontal lines has failed satisfying the Fauer can be immediately opened, for example, the mark 4 (battle visor)

- either down on the target

- or is guided right into the goal.

If the comparison of the horizontal is unsatisfactory, the shooter looks for one of the marks 8, which is the firing range which he must now take into account.

If the shooter uses the Type II device, he is looking for the one Mark 8, in the line of which corresponds to the horizontal Lines entering; then the shooter is able to

- when it comes to attacking a target, through To shoot sights with one of the marks 8 (the straightening process takes place with almost no additional delay),

- if it is a question of an unavoidable transition point to monitor, to note the mark corresponding to mark 8 cited above.

Patent claims:

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Claims (1)

Pa. claims: 1. Pernruhr with rangefinder with two in vertical Direction against each other networked Straulenwege, of which each provides an image of an observation area, characterized in that the visor axes of the two beam paths in the field because of the construction of the JPernrphrs for converge a certain fixed distance. 2. Telescope with rangefinder according to claim 1, characterized geicennzeichn et that a third optical system is provided as an observation telescope and provides a different image from the images of the two beam paths of the rangefinder, and that the entirety of the images is observed with the same eyepiece . 3. Telescope with rangefinder according to claim 2, characterized in that -: I marked that at least a pair of rakes in the '- ".'." Object plane of the eyepiece s are provided , namely einstiti BATH ORIGINAL 109813/0274 , _{; Γ} " ^dJ ~ 1S2334S in the picture from your one of the two stratospheric ranks Distance measuring device and, on the other hand, on the picture of the observation telescope, and that each pair of marks corresponds to an identical point in the observation area. 4.! Telescope with rangefinder after objection!, Thereby characterized in that a concave mirror is the common Lens for the "two straights of the distance caesser biliet. Telescope with range finder according to claim 3, which is rigidly connected irit a firearm as a telescopic sight, characterized in that a group of anataorphotiscner prisms is attached in front of the mirror lens in one of the stranlenwege ä ^ s distance meters, the magnification of which by geometrically The observation determined by the optioche calculation is variable with the position, and which brings the deviation of the optical axis of the person concerned, which determines the distance of the point observed in the observation area, into agreement with the similar direction of fire BATH ORIGINAL compared to the position of the frictional connection with the telescope connected weapon. 6. telescope with rangefinder according to claim 5, characterized in that the near the minimum of the deflection used achromatic group of anamorphic prisms Aas consists of three prisms, which consist of the same glass block are obtained and have the acute refractive angles and are arranged symmetrically to a plane through the first prism runs through that, furthermore, the second Prisms have matching refractive angles which are smaller than that of the first prism, and that finally the second prisms at a distance from the first prism and each with their refracting edges next to the Base of the first prism are arranged. ORfQ _{/ JVAL} ' 10 9813/0274