DE1547241C - Optical viewfinder - Google Patents

Description

1 2

The invention relates to an optically articulated gimbal frame arranged in

Viewfinder with a beam path that is movable relative to the carrier in one movement, as

NEN carrier arranged telescope and with serving through optical input element of the viewfinder

a gyroscope, the top of which is arranged from the inside by two optical beam deflectors,

5 mounted in mutually perpendicular articulation axes, which have a motion-transmitting connection to the

Gimbal frame is supported, has the captured image in the gyro-bearing gimbal frame, which

Telescope. in every position the optical axis of the viewfinder par-

For example, stops on ships or moving land allele to the axis of the gyroscope.

vehicles or on a vibrating basis, it provides these deflection elements that depend on

poses a problem with a mon- io of the current position of the viewfinder in a carrier

telescope to obtain stable images. To this carrier relative to the axis of the gyroscopic gyro

Purpose is a device known (British pamphlet stabilized on the one hand on the object

tentschrift 165 028), with the line directed between the lens on the other side straight into the

and steer the eyepiece of the, for example, vibrating remote lens of the unstabilized telescope,

The tube of the beam path over two mutually perpendicular 15 allow a simple, permanent observation

right mirror is deflected twice. This game of goal.

gel are with the top of a gyroscopic sy- The beam deflection device can consist of a

stems connected, so they take on the plane reflector, i.e. a mirror or a prism,

There are rotational movements of the objective and the eyepiece with the gyro frame of the gyro

as well as the entire carrier did not participate. When small 20 is connected and deflects the beam path so that

Deflection of the telescope from its normal position just falls into the telescope. Here must be observed

Due to this space-rigidly fixed space, the

ce reflection to obtain the targeted image. The traversed angle of the beam reflected by the reflector

However, known device has the disadvantage that it has twice the value as that of the reflector itself

optical aberrations for the lens system in positions 35 diameters. It is therefore possible to

lungs that do not correspond to the normal position in safe guidance of the beam path into the telescope

in which the objective and the eyepiece are in one, either the mirror is not directly at the

at a considerable angle to their respective axes-based cardan frames, but on the

are radiant, are strongly noticeable. In addition, the cardan frame hinged to the carrier, and him the

limit the relative movements of the inner gimbal due to the movement of the 30

Gyro-connected mirror occurring aperture to transmit with half the range of motion. This

Effects the angular range of the viewfinder image. Embodiment has the advantage of a simple

In contrast, the invention has the task of building and one without additional reasons for measures, To create an optical viewfinder that also allows for an undistorted image. Should against rapid movement relatively wide rotations of the seeker are stabilized in which the inertia of the carrier still a flawless, essentially non-mirror could already make itself noticeable, so provides a modified image of the named object. can instead be in front of a stabilized mirror

According to the invention, this object is provided by an optical anamorphosis system that solves the idea of calculating the line of sight directed to the object to be observed in the planes perpendicular to the object, in the direction of the pivot axis of the carrier and telescope around the observer , only after having cut the mirror in half. To correct the image, you can stabilize after leaving the telescope. The reflection still a second such system with the implementation of this idea serves the stabilized effect to be provided perpendicular to this,
effect of the optical input elements to which the A further expedient embodiment bevom object light beams coming up \ 45 is the fact that the beam deflection take off. The input element can be a stabilized first one on the gyro-supporting gimbal lens or a flat reflector arranged in front of the lens and a second one on the deflecting element. seated cardan frame hinged on the carrier

According to a plan reflector, which is simple in principle, the connecting line of which is able to simplify the inventive idea is attached to the 5 <> side in a line parallel to the gyro axis and all the telescope on the gimbal carrying the gyro on the other hand in a parallel frame directed into the telescope, whereby its optical axis parallel to the pivot axis of the pivot on the carrier runs parallel to the gyro axis. However, this design reflects the line running through the gimbal frame, but only less of a burden in practice. This embodiment has the advantage that it is meaningful, since it requires that the 55 be very simple and problem-free.
Observer who actually participates in the movements of the wearer. To avoid any effect of the image, his eye must constantly follow the stabilizing anti-glare at the edge of the eyepiece in the event of larger twisting winters. Another preferred training not the carrier, through the housing its optically to the invention guide die sets, however, certain open sides too far against that the telescope is located in circumstances on the support and participate in its loading ^6o the directed on the retained object movements, so that the line of sight located in the telescope can be twisted, according to a further development, an always constant target stable representation of the invention can be provided that the carrier image itself is suspended from all movements and swaying gimbals and with a tracking of the ship, land vehicle, etc. . Follows and is connected to drive, which the position of the wearer can easily be observed. Seeks to maintain this balance in space. This caster guide form is characterized by the fact that in front of it does not need to be extremely nimble, since it does not have a telescope attached to the carrier and which has to accomplish the actual stabilization with its axis.
parallel to the pivot axis of the on the carrier. According to a particular embodiment, in

the beam path in the viewfinder is a rotary prism steered a gyro 10 provided with an axis 1-1 and being. This measure has the advantage that the is carried by an inner cardan frame, the Horizon, which is formed by intermittent movements around an axis perpendicular to axis 1-1 gen is rotated 2 ^ 2 rotated relative to the original image; axis 2-2 itself is from one can have to be straightened out. 5 outer gimbals worn, in turn around

More details, advantages and features of the outer axis 3-3. des perpendicular to axis 2-2 Invention emerge from the following description- arranged gyroscope is rotatable; the axis 3-3 exercise. In the drawing, the invention is for example firmly connected to the telescope. Axes 1-1, wisely illustrated, namely shows; 2-2, 3-3 intersect at point 4, the middle

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a first io point of the gyroscope gimbal. With belie embodiment of the finder according to the invention, great twisting of the firmly connected to the telescope

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a second axis 3-3 around the point 4 remains a single Embodiment of the viewfinder according to the invention, mechanical element of the gyroscope constantly un-Fig. 3 and 4 perspective views of a third movable in space: the axis 1-1 of the gyro. Inten modified embodiment of the viewfinder of the chosen design, the axis 1-1 of the measure of the invention,. Roundabout through the targeted, infinite

5 shows a modification of FIGS. 3 and 4, low point 5.

Fig. 6, 7, 8 and 9 examples of optical Afocal- The gyroscope carries a mirror 6, which is around a

Anamorphosis systems for the third embodiment axis 7-7 is rotatable, which is attached to the outer gimbal and ao ring parallel to the axis 2-2. By ge-Fig. 10 to 13 perspective views of a suitable blocking of the mirror 6 on the axis 7-7, fourth embodiment of the invention. and by rotating the same via a mecha- In the drawings, generally balanced niche connection 8 by half the angle is shown around the gyroscope top. 3 and 11 show the inner gimbal twisted, the image of the axis 1-1 counterweight K reproduced by, for example, a 25 serving for this compensation 25, the counterweight K. this detail not more reference genome _TO r outer axis 3-3 extends the gyroscope. The men. . The image 5 'reproduced by the mirror 6 of the point 5 aimed at in the simplest embodiment, the so-called infinite point 5 is then in type 1, is shown in FIG. 1 shown. _: 30 infinites in the direction of 3-3.

A gyroscope gyroscope 15 is represented by two schema- In this embodiment, the optical axis runs

Ball bearing 11 shown in the table about its axis of rotation 8-9 of the stabilized telescope, which can be rotated from the opti-18-18. These two bearings are from the inner see the center of the lens 8 and the Kreu frame supported 19 of a gimbal, the _TO 9 ng of the reticle is parallel to or along the axis of 12-12 to an outer frame 20 35 even with the outer shaft 3-3 of the gyroscope is hinged, which in turn is connected to the beam on the vehicle and is connected to the telescope. The tool attached axis 13-13 is rotatable. The three axes 18-18, 12-12 of the mirror 6 and the objective of the telescope, which are mutually perpendicular and 13-13, have a common virtual point 5 located at the intersection 9 of the thread intersection 14, the center of gravity 14 of the roundabout 15. 40 cross.

Through these articulations, the axis 18-18 of the is incidentally with the outer axis 3-3 of the

Gyroscope 15 in any direction around point 14 gyroscope connected telescope around any one. The gyro 15 contains a telescope through the gimbal center 4 axis or a sighting device 16 with an eyepiece 17, rotated if the image of the _{mirror 6 and the telescope's line of sight with the axis 18-18 of the gyro 45 coincides with the axis 18-18 of the gyro 45.} The crosshairs of the sighting device targeted point 5 always at the intersection 9 of the device consists of a crosshair lying on the axis 18-18. Since the targeted point in Unendden point or a small, centered on u _c is hen, this applies even if the axis of rotation circle. ... ■ '<of the viewfinder does not pass through point 4. the

When the top rotates and the axis 18 ^ Ϊ8 5 ° line of sight of the telescope is perfectly stable Direction of a distant point 5 is, remains lized.

the aim of the sighting device firmly on this point for precise stabilization of the line of sight

directed, in spite of the movements of the carrier vehicle, necessary in the various conditions with and especially in spite of the vibrations that are variations working this mirror: transfers to the viewfinder if necessary. For the 55 The outer axis 3-3 of the gyroscope must be par-observer So the picture remains clear, and that parallel to the "image" visor line, the one as that The sighted point gives an immovable, straight line is defined on the axis, which is the optical center point the viewfinder lying image. of the lens with the intersection 9 of the crosshairs

In other modified embodiments connects. .

the same stabilization of the line of sight par- 60 Dj _{e to the} outer axis 3-3 or the "image" - allele to the axis of the gyro is achieved, but this line of sight is symmetrical with respect to the plane of the mirror 6 by means of one or more mirrors The axis of the metric straight line must be parallel to the axis 1-1 of the retracted. Be gyroscopic. This straight line is shown in the following

In Fig. 2, a stabilized target telescope conforms to the description of an "object" sight line a modified embodiment drawing 65.

so-called type 2. Should now not only for a picture improvement

Here, too, the stabilization is »filtered« by means of a gyro - the vibrations and the consequences of the rotary scope achieved with two degrees of freedom. It can be switched off with movements of the telescope,

5 6

but also a viewfinder with a stabilized, from a with H is the center of bb

Crosshairs of the existing line of sight are used (H lies in the plane AOC), with HN the lowering and this line of sight with precision to each right to the mirror in H, with Ha and He which are swiveled through H , namely by means of parallels to AA and CC. So it is: drive torques that the gyroscope has to known 5 / fj _a fj _c \ _ ο

Make way, then the two of them have to . '

The above conditions must be fulfilled, so and the perpendicular HN to the mirror is the halfway that the "object" sighting line parallel to the axis rende of the angle (Ha, Hc). Here, too, you have that of the gyroscope gyro. . "already present in the viewfinder type * 2: the

In order to comply with the second necessary condition, the image of the axis A A reproduced by the mirror M , the mirror 6 must be constantly adjusted in such a way that - apart from a shift - it is parallel to the plane of symmetry for the axis 1-1 of the axis CC. In the case of the type 3 viewfinder, however, this is the gyro and the outer axis 3-3 of the gyroscope is exceptional and only remains for the initial value β. Since the axis 1-1 is immovable in space, the variable angle (OA, OC) is valid. The axis 3-3 15, which is connected to the telescope, is often the most important value / J = 90 °, which means that it is constantly moving, and the mirror 6 is also adjusted without for y = 45 °; however, these values do not have to be interrupted. Its mass increases in motion, irrespective of whether it is used.

part of the telescope and can with quick In F i g. 4 includes the optical system that is fixed with

Rotations and the high frequency vibrations behind the body of the viewfinder V is connected to be troublesome. 20 already attached to the outer axis CC of the gyroscope

This based on the mass of the mirror is the following parts: -

Disadvantage can be with the help of a viewfinder, the so-called _{before the s} . j _{M an} afocal anamorphosisur

th type 3, must be switched off. The also with _{s tem 5 behind the s {χ M a telescope L}

a gyroscope associated mirror _{"which is} in an optimum. _{the line of sight} v ^ Hfchi.

cal system with such a structure switched on, 25

that target stabilization is available when the level in FIG. 4 is the level AOC in

the mirror is subject to the same movements. '

like the gimbal that carries the top. In this the afocal anamorphosis system 5 is in one

Fall, its mass is no longer a hindrance. first hypothesis a Galilean system with cylindrical

This viewfinder is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 shown. 30 threefold lenses and with two planes of symmetry; In this case, too, the stabilization can be achieved by means of the first running perpendicular to the surface lines of the zyeines gyroscope, the two degrees of freedom Lindric lenses, the second parallel to this manhat (FIG. 3). It is made with a top with a tell line and perpendicular to the first plane of symmetry. Axis AA is provided, which is supported by an inner cardan In the initial position, the first plane of symmetry is supported with a ring fused around a perpendicular to the axis 35 of the plane AOC or the plane aHc; AA extending axis BB is rotatable; the axis, the second plane of symmetry, is fused with the plane cHb BB itself, carried by an outer gimbal ring. For one in the plane aHc set out, which in turn around the outer perpendicular to the stretched object, the magnification is 2 times; for axis BB extending axis CC of the gyroscope, an object extended in the plane affft can be rotated. The axis CC is fixed to the body 40 lfold; The straight line ss is the intersection of the two of the viewfinder V connected. The axes AA, BB, CC planes of symmetry of the anamorphosis system S. In intersect at a point O, the center of the starting position is with Ha and with AA verder gyroscope gimbal suspension. Melted at any. Through the system S it is its twisting of the image that is firmly attached to the body of the seeker V. The image of the joined in the direction AA CC axis about the point O remains a targeted 45 in the infinite point by the X opeinziges mechanical element of the gyroscope stan- schematic system formed of S and M is in the starting 'dig motionless in space: the axis AA of the creation one lying in the infinite. Point X ', the sels. Here, too, it is assumed that the axis AA lies on the straight line Hc running parallel to the outer axis CC of the Gyrodes gyro through the scope aimed at infinity. Point X runs. 50 That also firmly attached to the body of the seeker V

The telescope L, which is connected for the sake of simplicity, is arranged below behind the mirror M and the optical system for making the fixation usable; its optical axis // that _accurately by the Kreukeit the axis AA for the stabilization of the visor / of the reticle and the optical center line in mobility of the axis CC to the point O point / of the lens is realized, is described in Auszunächst in the starting position : 55 gear position merged with the straight line Hc .

A mirror M is connected to the inner cardan frame. So in the starting position the image of the undes gyroscope is connected, but in this case infinite point targeted by the system on the gyroscope: the mirror M contains the afocal anamorphosisur 5, the mirror M and the segment bb of the inner gimbal, which runs through the objective of the telescope in the Kreuparallel to the axis BB, to this KAR 60 ng _tO / the crosshair. It is called: the suspension is rotatable. The mirror M forms the sighting line of the telescope used on the "image"; the reason of its structure with the axis AA a con-image of this line, which by reflection of the constant angle γ, its value for the starting point- light in the opposite direction through the treatment by the special value β of the variable optical system of mirrors M and the Afokalliclicn angle (OA, OC) is determined as follows: 6 ₅ anamorphosis is preserved, is called "object" -

Line of sight designated. In the starting position is the

., = 90 ° - P. "Item-line of sight XH, the one with the axis AA

2 of the gyroscope top is fused, which then

7 8

as it were, the original "object" - "object line of sight, which is parallel to the original line of sight. Line of sight is AA . . ■ If the body of the viewfinder V is now out of position. At a second point in time, the initial position is adjusted at will around the point O. "The body of the viewfinder is rotated around the axis from V ₁ to V ₂ ' and brought into a position V. , have all 5 CC, the new elements defined above, received after the first point in time, in general position of the axis CC, - ■■ · - ■ '■ - ■' - .; ■■; ■■ · lungs, which from the initial positions The axis CC, the outer gimbal ring of the gyro, these new positions are identified by the scope, the axis BB, the inner gimbal ring of the index "'": e.g. 5 becomes S'; gyroscope, the mirror M connected to it and the L to L '', BB to B'B '; CC to CC etc. Only the opposite axis AA of the gyro retain those positions aimed at point X, which through the point end of expiry at which they occupied after the first point in time . axis AA and the point O keep their output to the CC parallel "image" -Visierstellung en at, at least as long as the gyroscope is not line / '/' is simply shifted. The validity that is made subsequently. . Execution does not change if accepted

Any rotation (ie about an axis that turns 15 means that it has not moved. If one can distinguish between AA, BB or CC ) with the light path in the opposite direction, its help reflects from position V to position V J 'can also be changed over in the mirror M according to K ¹ L', can be changed into three on one in the plane of FIG In each of them, the new position of the "point in time still merged with the plane of FIG. 4" -vising line VJ ' continues to provide - if one was the zen, rotated around CC and so no longer falls back reflection of the light in opposite directions Rieh- together with the plane of the figure. K'L ' is considered as follows - after reflection on the mirror no longer borrowed in the symmetry plane of the viewfinder in the position M or M' and then F ₂ '. Nevertheless, this rotation for the passage of light through the system 5 'corresponds to an "object-sighting beam K'U" a simple rotation of the afocal line parallel to the axis AA of the gyroscope, that is to say anamorphosis system 5' around CC. The surface lines parallel to the original "object" visor of the cylindrical anamorphosis system are lowered. The points X and / 'thus remain two right to CC, and the rotation corresponds to that of a point passing through the optical system. Blade with parallel sides. The beam K'U occurs before standing from the afocal system 5 ', the mirror M' 30 the Anamorphoseursystem, before the viewfinder, in (or M) and the in / 'arranged lens, the same direction as after are assigned to one another for the first time. The line of sight is a single point, ie parallel to AA.
free stabilized. The "image" visor line VJ ' continues to provide

At a first point in time (Fig. 4) the body is reversed when the path of light is reversed

Adjusted by the viewfinder by an angle α by BB : 35 Direction followed, after reflection on the mirror M

in position V ₁ . ■■ - .; ■. and after passing the Afocal anamorphosis

Axis BB, the inner gimbal ring of the gyrosystem, has an "object" sighting line that is parallel

skops, the associated mirror M and which runs to the exit line of sight AA . ■

Axis of the gyro retain their initial positions I _n a third time, the body of the

at. . 40 viewfinder from F ₂ 'to V around the axis AA of the

All other elements of the viewfinder, however, are adjusted, the one adjusted during the first two times: the "Abbikk line of sight VJ" of the far point remained immobile and always along the tube U forms an angle α with Hc. If one follows the original "object" -visory line directed the ray VJ ' to J' (principle of the reflection was. This time only the axis AA of immobile light remains), then one finds that VJ 'is in K' 45 Hch, and the viewfinder V ₂ ' and the gyroscope with (very close to the point H) in the mirror M in a row its mirror rotate as a whole around AA. The direction K'U reflects, which is symmetrical to VJ '. This is repeated in the opposite direction of light, with reference to the K'N' perpendicular to the mirror M. The beam K'U reflected from VJ ' in the sighting device V is found to be formed with the direction AA that the one emerging from the viewfinder forms an angle - a; because the optical symmetry beam (ie the object <c-line of sight) get the plane of S, which becomes perpendicular to the plane of the figure, in that the ray is rotated by AA , which runs, has rotated by an angle and since after the second point in time you look for the course ss at the level of the figure after s's' emerged in front and thus ran parallel to AA ,
is what by the equation In conclusion it can be said that after the

■ 55 third point in time, i.e. after any rotation,

(ss, s's') = a ,, the "image" visor / '/' continues when one

.... · .-. - the path of light in the opposite direction

is defined, K'U forms an angle, followed by it, after reflection in the gyroscope

Plane of symmetry. After passing through the afocal-bound mirror and after passing through the afocal

system 5 ', which in the direction of the light an' A-fold 60 anamorphosis system an »object-visor-

Has magnification, which supplies a line from the viewfinder that is parallel to the exit line of sight vl / l

The emerging ray only runs at an angle —α with s's' . The image of the one envisaged in infinity

thus a zero angle with AA. It runs so point X is still in the intersection of

parallel to AA. Crosshair. The line of sight is perfectly stable

The "image" visor line VJ ' continues to deliver, 65 siert.

if one reverses the reflection of light in the following two conditions that apply to

The direction pursued, after reflection on the game, these type 3 seekers are used to achieve

gel M and passage through the afocal system S ' requires a precisely stabilized line of sight:

: 209 616/108

9 10

The outer axis CC of the gyroscope must be parallel. In the following description it is to be allele to the "image" visor, which is referred to as the way, when defined by the straight line, which takes the optical center point / target to a fixed point.Y at infinity to the lens and the intersection / crosshair target to another immovable point X ₁ in the interconnects. .._. -: 5 infinites, near X, is crossed; included

The defined "object" sight line must, if it is to be assumed that the body of the seeker V one reverses the direction of the light, since it is the "image" - immobile>. . _;> . . .

Line of sight is assigned, through the optical system, To get from point X to point X ₁ ,

consisting of that connected to the gyroscope, the axis AA of the gyroscope gyro, the mirrors M and the afocal anamorphosis system5, which previously ran through point Z, will be parallel to the axis AA of the gyro on the points. directed by moving the gyroscope around its axes

. ·. The first -condition is identical to the first, which is followed up: first the outer axis CC, previously specified for the searcher type 2, then the inner axis BB. The depiction. . of X ₁ in the viewfinder then arises at / at the cross

Incidentally, the second condition can be set by tonguing the crosshair. By twisting the common formulation generalized, the body of the viewfinder V first around CC and then at the same time for the viewfinders of types 2 and 3 and around BB the same arrangement can be obtained:

The defined "object" sighting line should, at the target (Fig. 3 and 4), before either K or reversal of the direction of the light, since the "image" - ao the gyroscope - carries out a movement. This line of sight is assigned by the optical arrangement is characterized in that the through system, consisting of the in front of the Objek- the straight lines ss and // defined plane of symmetry of the tiv of the telescope lying optical elements, body of the viewfinder V with the through the straight lines that are connected to either the gyroscope or the viewfinder AA and CC defined plane of symmetry of the gyro body, merges parallel to the axis of the 05 scope, and also due to the fact that ss be a gyroscope top. Position parallel to the axis AA of the gyroscope

Still, seekers with a structure that occupies a gyro can be used. The arrangement thus obtained, which is very similar to that of types 2 and 3, an exactly stabilized view can be obtained from the output arrangement according to FIG. 4 if (dotted) overlap. In this position, the above conditions is fulfilled only approximately 30 X of image exactly ₁ in / in the intersection of, are solely with the intention of an image to crosshair. Obtained by subsequent recirculation that is not exposed to the vibrations. of the body of the viewfinder V in place by doing this in the following way: rotating in the opposite direction, viz

Instead of the line of sight through the optical first to BB and then to CC without BeAchse of behind the connectedness with the gyroscope 35 emotion of the gyroscope is the image of X ₁ which mirror arranged telescope realized through the viewfinder / held, ^v above it consists of the optical axis of a (not already described. Before each movement of the shown) sighting device, which was rigidly connected to the body of the viewfinder V so the image of X ₁ inner gimbal of the gyroscope is already connected through the viewfinder in /.
and they are continuously projected into the viewfinder, whereby 40 To summarize, the following two conditions must be carefully observed when aiming at a point X ₁ that differs from the point X:. . only needs the axis AA of the gyroscope

The sight line projected into the viewfinder is to be directed to the point X ₁ gyroscope is adjusted by using Antnebsmomente exactly parallel to the axis of the gyroscope _according the gyro Gy ^ microscope. | _e y _n . ^v ■ ^{J v} 45 As in the case of the type 2 finder, one has

The line of sight must be in front of all optical elements via a viewfinder, which is used to improve the image projected from the viewfinder. I only want the vibrations and the rotating movements

of the telescope, but also enables

r The line of sight realized in this way is light, the line of sight (consisting of a thread "Object" visor. 50 cross and designed so that they are parallel to

Such seekers are not allowed to steer the gyro with the ache of the gyro Types 2 and 3 are confused because the thread scope is made to follow by means of drive torques cross of the telescope is not behind the lens. In this case, however, one has been ordered is, but by the immediately in front - borrowed advantage: the mirror is the same Bewedem Objective (and after being subjected to gyroscope 55 measurements like the one carrying the gyroscope connected mirror) arranged sighting device, gimbal ring. So the mass of the mirror hinders namely, parallel to the outer axis of the gyroscope, stabilization in the event of high-frequency vibrations is projected into the telescope. Not that way. . '■ ·' '·: ■ - "■: · ■ ·' ■ '

realized line of sight would be the "image" visor- Nevertheless, the type 3 viewfinder still has one

line. Here, too, one would have a viewfinder with one principle, 60 disadvantage: if the unit connected to the gyroscope is exactly identical to that of types 2 with regard to the body of the and 3 and does not have a different design. Adjusted viewfinder, either field or on hand of the viewfinder V of type 3 according to the pupil masking or inadequate optical F i g. 3 and 4, the immutability properties of the afocal anamorphosis system of the target on an immovable point X in the immovable position are described above, if this is described with rays inclined too far to the finite, if the body of the seeker works axis ss. To avoid such with any rotations around a point, such as defects, so the body of the z. B. O, is twisted and the gyroscope does not have the same adjustments as the viewfinder V

Π 12

Mirror M be exposed in order to be constant from no geometrical plane of symmetry running parallel to the outer passage arrangement due to the rotation of the viewfinder V lines; to find two axes again, which, however, have an optical plane of symmetry, a cardan suspension and which generally serve the same purpose;
neri right-angled, but not necessarily with the 5 semi-symmetrical afocal system with konver -axisßö and CC of the gyroscope fused yawing elements in connection with one or parallel. This control can be achieved, for example, a mirror or a prism with an odd number as follows:. In the starting position, the reflection, either with direct or direction of the plane of the mirror M is marked by -. with offset view (Fig. 8 and 9).
the optical axis of a self-sighting device io; --- ν. ί
is set that is firmly attached to the body of the

Viewfinder V is connected and perpendicular to the mirror However, these systems are: only for example

runs. The scanning of the rotations of the viewfinder V is indicated and does not constitute a limitation of the

with respect to the mirror M is then shown in the focal invention.

point of the lens of the self-sighting system. 15 The viewfinder defined in FIGS. 3 and 4 from

The auxiliary mechanism ensures the elimination. Type 2 gives an image of the landscape that is in

of distances due to the rotation of the body of the plane of the crosshairs / is anamorphosed.

of the viewfinder V> by two gimbal-like mounted By interposing a cylindrical afocal

Axes. In Fig. 5 is a possible system arrangement with half magnification in a plane

these axes are shown. The two axes of the 20 between the mirror M and the telescope L can

Cardan suspension are ZZ (vertical) and YY (hori- this disadvantage can be turned off. You can

zontal). In the drawing, the main axes of this anamorphosis are also behind the telescope L.

Viewfinder (//, ss), the mirror M and the optical compensate in that part of the viewfinder that

Axis of the self-sighting system and that leads to the eyepiece behind which the eye of the

Targeted point X ₁ shown schematically. In this 25 observer is located.

Arrangement allows the eyepiece to be immovable in situ The type 2 viewfinder described above

be held. and 3 stabilize the line of sight very precisely; that

It should be noted that this control of the body is an image of the landscape in general

of the viewfinder V to the mirror M only the turn around this line of sight with respect to the intersection of the

centering of the optical systems should aim at 30 crosshairs inclined. To avoid this disadvantage

urid does not need to be very precise: so avoidance is sufficient, between the mirror M and the

For example, a precision on the order of crosshairs / a Wollaston-type rotating prism

of a degree. In addition, this "pursuit" or Pechan - (with an odd number of reflections and

of the mirror M through the body of the viewfinder V, direct view) that the landscape

who has the role of a »Fantom« chaser, not 35 µm, the corresponding angle taking into account

rectified with perfectly even movement instead of the viewfinder rotations. Man

because the vibrations or uneven- can also twist the crosshairs and then the

The rotations of the viewfinder V do not have a cross-hair landscape unit due to rotation

Influence on the alignment. one between the crosshairs and the eyepiece

It is true that the necessity of this “introduced prism of the above type” complicates

following "of the mirror M through the body of the judge; the observer behind it sees

Viewfinder V is the sighting system of type 3 viewfinders. then a straight landscape. With the latter

slightly; However, in the cases of the seeker training, any inclinations may be behind the training

of type 2 and type 3 fields in the size crosshairs are balanced, e.g. if

Order of about 10 ^{p are being} explored, this 45 the viewfinder eyepiece must be held immovable

Tracking the only kind of very large fields that should (case of Fig. 5).

It can be proven that the viewfinder is dated

preserve optical system; z, B. a half-space: Type 2 and Type 3 really become one and the same

first by a panoramic scan, then belonging to the family.

by scanning from the horizon to the zenith. 50 It is true that the Type 2 viewfinder before the

This is particularly good with a device according to Spiegel M does not have an anamorphic system. It

Fig.5 possible: the observer must, however, can be said synonymously that he

move around the axis ZZ at the same time as in front of the mirror M a special afocal anamorphic

the viewfinder V, so that the viewfinder itself does not have a changed photic system, the two magnifications of which

by staking around the axisZZ just as panoramic 55 in two. Directions of perpendicular planes

is made, as it is already one-fold around the axis XX. So it can be said

was made panoramic. In the latter case the type 2 and type 3 viewfinders are to one and

it is then possible to assign the entire half-space to the same family of seekers that belonged to the

feel without. the observer has to move. Mirror M has an afocal anarmophotic system

.Under the optical afocal anamorphosis - 60 two magnifications for two directions to the right -

Have svstemen with 2 and 1 fold magnification in two angled planes. One of these enlargements

Directions of right-angled planes can be as follows: 1. The other can be arbitrary

Systems used are: '■ · ■ ·, have values. In all cases a stabilization

¹ tion of the line of sight can be obtained, under the loading

Galilean anamorphic system with cylinder 65 that the relative rotations of mirror M

three-fold lens magnification (Fig. 6); and inner gimbal ring of the gyroscope in one

Galilean anamorphosis system with Brewster-appropriate ratio take place and that the game

Amici prisms (Fig. 7). In this case the gelM is correctly blocked in its starting position. at

13 14

For all seekers of this family the line of sight when guiding a machine is used and a visual one

any rotation thereof stabilized if: optics closely coupled; ·

"· - ■■. '■..,..,.,., C · ^{aie three} i optics of a laser distance

1. the "image" visor, the one behind the spear knife; that of the emission bundle, that of the gel M and that of the optical center _{5 of the} receiver bundle, and that of the telescope assigned to the two of the objective and the intersection of the thread bundle. '

■ - ·; runs cross, parallel to the outer axis

of the gyroscope is; · - ■. The couplings described above can

2. the defined »object« -vising line by the way " - ■■ _:

Changing the direction of light, as they are combined with each other _{in the »Ab- 10} ;, ■■■ - ..:;

image «-visier line is assigned by the different anamorphic systems for

optical system through of optical with the different ones described above

connected to the gyroscope or attached in front of it, especially if the

ordered elements parallel to the axis of the radiation used - wavelengths not

Gyroscope gyro is. are the same (visible and infrared);

• This second condition can also be present on the following '" ^{ur £} ™ ^{den S} P *% ^e } ^M , where

Ways to be expressed: ^the optical bundle after the, reflection in the

The optical system that consists of the optical mirrors in particular different paths

Elements exist / which can strike connected with the viewfinder, namely - either unrmt-

and are arranged behind those that start with * o * ^{elbar after} the reflection or after a

connected to the gyroscope as well as from the common systems with a certain number,

to the. Gyroscope connected optical elements, finally, the mirror M can be through a prism

must be replaced by one of the axis of the gyroscope gyro.

Give an image that is parallel to the outer axis of a third variation, the so-called type 4,

Gyroscope is. 25 is shown in FIGS. 10 to 13 shown.

Thus, the viewfinders belong to Type 2 and Type 3. In this embodiment, the mirrors are unrelated to the same family because they have an anamorphosis system at the tip movable on the gimbals of the gyroscope. Still, they are solidified or at least have the same Type 2 and Type 3 motion seekers in this family of walking or twisting vibrations as these rings; most important and have different advantages: 30 their mass impairs the achievement of a one-The type 2 viewfinder is simple. wall-free stabilization is not.
The type 3 viewfinder has the following advantages: In Fig. 10 the arrangement of these mirrors L _{1 is the} connection between the gyroscope and mirror and M _{1 is shown} in the context of the invention:
extremely simple: it is possibly a direct The stabilizing element is a gyroscope with face attachment on the inner gimbal of 35 two degrees of purity; it is with a top with a gyroscope where no game is possible; it can be provided with the axis A ₁ A ₁ , which is also carried by an inner one by means of an actuation of the mirror by means of a cardan ring which is rotatable about an AChSeS ₁ B ₁ running perpendicular to the parallelogram or a connection over an axis A ₁ A _1; electrical auxiliary mechanism. the axis Zi ₁ B ₁ itself is carried by an outer cardan-The mass of the mirror M hinders the stabilizing ring, which in turn is not around the direction perpendicular to the target, since the viewfinder is around an axis B ₁ B _x extending outer Axis of the gyroscope rotates axis that is rotatable parallel to the inner axis BB of the C ₁ C _1; this AChSeC ₁ C ₁ is fixed to the gyroscope it is. Telescope connected. The axes A ₁ A ₁ , B ₁ B ₁ , C ₁ C ₁ The mirror M is in the viewfinders of type 3 intersect at a point O, the gimbal center smaller than in type 2, because the optical systems 45 point of the gyroscope.

have the same characteristics; This results in twisting the lower usability, which is firmly combined with the telescope, in the case of the bound axis C, C ₁ around the point O, remains for military use; ^a ^ ^{em it} mechanical element of the gyroscope has a smaller mass of the mirror, so (if it is not made .nachlaufend) constantly a gyroscope having less high-bred ⁵ ° "" movable in space: the axis A _t A, the gyro. Properties with the same stabilization quality; ^{One mmm} / ^an ' ^{that the} line of sight parallel to this is a better way of _{guiding the mirror, axis ^ 1} Λ, or - what at the same time, especially when this ^{follows a} high level of successor ~. ^{that d 'e} ^ axis, the gyro to be left by running speeds, proceeds ^the targeted point AT, which in Unendz. B. in the case of a visual tracking of ⁵⁵ characters. The line of sight running parallel to the axis ^ ₁ ^ ₁ moving at a high angle is referred to in the following spelling as "object" - sight line.

Starting from that which is in infinity

To simplify the description, so far, the aiming point X is the first effective optical EIe-

only referred to a single light ^{path 6o} ment of the viewfinder on which the light impinges, the

been, the z. B. a monocular telescope ent- mirror M ₁ . It's on the inner gimbal of the

speaks. The passage of several coupled optical · gyroscopes attached in such a way that the mirror M ₁

However, ken is also possible, such as. B. reproduced image of the axis A ₁ A ₁ parallel to

two visual optics with which a telescope is axis B, B ₁ , d. h: in such a way that the plane of the

is possible for binocular observation; 65 mirror M _{1 is} perpendicular to the plane (A ₁ A "B ₁ B ₁ )

one or more infrared detector optics and one with the two axes (A ₁ A ₁ and B ₁ B,)

and visual optics that are tightly coupled; Forms an angle of 45 °. Reflected in this way

one or more vascular bundles z. B. to the middle light beam coming from X mch

15 16

On meet the mirror M ₁ in its approximate extension of the AcIiSe ^ ₁ Zl ₁ always in Z ₁ , the

Center point / Ji ₁ in the direction B ₁ B ₁ . Crosshair crossing. So can be controlled

The light beam then hits the mirror L ₁ : become, ie the "object" sighting line of the

this is mounted on the outer gimbal of the gyro viewfinder on any point in the Landskops such that the are directed shank from the mirror L ₁ 5, simply by changing the reproduced image of the axis B ₁ B ₁ parallel to axis A ₁ A ₁ of the Gyro to this point is axis C ₁ C ₁ ; that is, in such a way that the plane of the is straightened, namely by tracking the gyro

Mirror L is perpendicular to the plane (B ₁ B ₁ , C ₁ C ₁ ) and the scope by means of drive torques,

with the axes B ₁ B ₁ and C ₁ C ₁ an angle of As long as in the case of the most general seeker the rela-

45 ° forms. The mean io tive rotations of the body of the viewfinder V ₁ and the light beam coming from JSf and WJ _{1 hits the mirror L 1} approximately in the gyroscope no significant dimming of the center I ₁ and is then reflected, resulting in the pupil of the viewfinder one in the direction C ₁ C ₁ . So the AChSeC ₁ C _{1 is} the only mechanical element of the gyroscope, possibly by enlarging the mirror, that remains mobile in the body of the viewfinder V with unequal stabilization and control possibilities; so it becomes 15 as in the previous case.

the ray of light coming from the targeted point X Nevertheless, there is a means by which this

always reflected in the direction of the axis C ₁ C ₁ , the dimming of the entrance pupil is completely immobile with respect to the body of the viewfinder. This middle light beam then strikes the ob- gyroscope element according to FIG. 10 (gimbal rings, jective of the actual telescopic sight, which is in the ao mirror), a preferred output arrangement in which the body of the viewfinder V ₁ 'is attached is. The optical entrance pupil is not blocked out; In order to avoid this center point J _{1 of} the objective of this telescope and glare down, at the intersection I _{1 of} the crosshairs form one of the sighted point the body of the viewfinder j sight line, which in the following description as V _{1 of} the axis A ₁ A ₁ of the gyroscope top around this j "image" visor line is called. This "exit arrangement by twisting the body image" sight line can be found again and again due to its structure parallel to the viewfinder V ₁ , whereby for AChSeC ₁ C ₁ . Finally, the light beam coming from the point X that is corrected about the axes reaches the point X that is parallel to the _{cardan axes C 1} C ₁ and traverses the telescope objective to the intersection of the B ₁ B _{1 of} the gyroscope. This dependency can cross hairs I ₁ . 30 according to FIG. 12 are carried out as follows: The

Above is the most general type of viewfinder of the 4 axis A ₁ A ₁ is optically described by a small mirror N ₁ . For the sake of simplicity, it is realized that, due to its construction, the special viewfinder is first described, in which the right to do so. Then in the starting position the light beam coming from point X is marked after reflection in the direction of the mirror plane by fusing the optical axis Ci ₁ O _{1 of} a self-sighting system in mirror M _{1 with AChSeB 1} B ₁ and then after reflection, in mirror L ₁ with which is firmly connected to the body of the seeker V ₁ -axis C ₁ C ₁ . The optical axis Z ₁ Z ₁ is then chosen, namely perpendicular to the mirror. The Abdes telescope in the extension of the AChSeC ₁ C ₁ . Feel the rotations of V ₁ with respect to this This special viewfinder shown in Fig. 11 enables mirror, so with respect to the axis A ₁ A ₁ , in the light it, the dimming of the entrance pupil of the focal point of the lens of the self-sighting system telescope at Rotation of the gyrocope or the made. A known auxiliary mechanism geKörpers of the viewfinder around the axes C ₁ C ₁ and B ₁ B ₁ ensures the elimination of distances by turning off without difficulties in building the rotation of a support of the body of the viewfinder. V ₁ , with articulation around two right-angled axes,

In the case of this special finder the following is not necessarily visible parallel to the axes: ^ ₁ C ₁ and B ₁ B _{1 of} the gyroscope need to be. In

1. With any rotation of the viewfinder V ₁ , especially Fig. 12, an arrangement is shown with the particular help of the axes C ₁ C ₁ , B ₁ B ₁ , A ₁ A _1, the desired goal can be achieved. Man

■ the image det of the can be switched at infinity imagine that the axis Z ₁ Z ₁ (vertical) sighted point X uniformly in I ₁ at 50 a full panoramic scanning ensures intersection of the crosshairs from when and in that the AChSeK ₁ F ₁ (horizontal) the scanning point X is immobile and, since the gyro ensures that it is from -45 to + 45 °. The "image" -visierweg is, the gyroscope is not lagging. HnIeZ ₁ Z ₁ , the mirrors Af ₁ and L ₁ , the mirror N ₁ and The "opposite - the axis aa of the optical self-sighting system are standing" - sighting line that runs parallel to the axis A ^ A _{1 has been drawn schematically as an image through the 55} as if the covers were removed from the optical system connected to the gyroscope. In this arrangement the eyepiece (mirrors M ₁ and L ₁ ) can be held immovable in situ through the "image".
Line of sight I ₁ J ₁ , which itself merges with C ₁ C ₁ .

zen is. Conversely, if the principle of back thesis is applied with regard to the initial value of the angular radiation of light in the opposite direction (A ₁ A ₁ , C ₁ C ₁ ) of the axis A _X A _{X of} the gyro and the direction, I ₁ J _{1 has} contained by the same outer axis C ₁ C _{1 of} the gyroscope: whether system is the image A ₁ A _r , not absolutely necessary, it is to facilitate

2. Is the speed advantageous by turning the gimbals of the tern of the drive of the gyroscope through reverse gyroscope around the axes C ₁ C ₁ and B ₁ B ₁ , the angle . (A ₁ A ₁ , C ₁ C ₁ ) with 90 ° Axis A ₁ A _{1 of} the gyro to choose one at infinity 65 or at least close to this value.

borrowed lying point -Y _{1 of} the landscape- It should be pointed out that this is only the re-aligning, which differs from point X , so the centering of the optical systems serving control forms the image of point X ₁ in which can not be very precise; an accuracy in the

17 18

The order of magnitude of a degree is e.g. B. sufficient. outer. Connected gimbal of the gyroscope

Incidentally, it is not necessary for this "tracking" to be and in the direction of the inner axis BB of the

the axis A ^ A ₁ through the body of the viewfinder V ₁ , an illuminated crosshair in front of the gyroscope

the. serves as a »Fantom« follower, projected _{with exactly the same ■ mirror L 1.} This would mean a »conflict

moderate movement · is carried out, because the 5 image sighting line is realized. ,. ;; _: ^; <

Vibrations or irregularities in the rotation, which are necessary for the precise stabilization of the line of sight

V ₁ does not affect the alignment. agile conditions would then be: ■ - <: '{,. r ■ u-.

Between the most general case and the previous case in the first case: a single condition: the "opposite special case" still exists. Incidents stood "-vising line must be parallel to the axis Λ ^ _1, namely if the middle light beam is either only io of the gyroscope top; ; ; . i V is merged with B ₁ B ₁ or only with C ₁ C ₁ . In the second case: two conditions: the "between the two cases is the control device of the image" -vising line must be parallel to the inner axis of the body of the viewfinder V ₁ simplified. , B ₁ S _{1 of} the gyroscope. Λ '·: \\\ _ί ,:' ^ .:. '■ -......;. ■■. ·· ■■■,

. Thus, according to the invention, the viewfinder satisfy the And: The _{image reproduced by the mirror M 1} for stabilizing the line of sight necessary conditions of the axis A ₁ A _{1 of} the gyroscope gyro must be parallel; the latter are already indicated above for the inner axis B ₁ B _{1 of} the gyroscope. . ■><? and mark the viewfinder, which at the same time still need to be optical. Achieving good image elements that are associated with a gyroscope through effective neutralization, the vibrades, and an "image line of sight, which is realized in the option and for observing the illuminated thread cutter body, namely behind the ao net in the telescope in both cases the conditions of the optical elements connected to the gyroscope. be roughly fulfilled. These conditions are as follows: It has been seen that the seekers according to this

a) the "image" sight line must precisely stabilize the sight line parallel to the outer embodiment Be the axis of the gyroscope; sate; nevertheless the image of the landscape is in general

b) the image of the axis of the gyroscope gyro 35 common (about this line of sight) inclined with respect to the optical system hhv ¹ .rch, consisting of the crossing of the crosshairs. In order to avoid this disadvantage of optical elements, ie with the viewfinder, crosshairs I ₁ can be connected between the mirror! ^ And the and are arranged in front of those . a rotating prism of the type Wollast which are connected to the gyroscope, as well as or Pechan (with odd reoptical elements, which flexion number with the gyroscope 30 and direct view), which are not connected to the landscape, must be parallel to the outer axis, taking into account the rotations of the viewfinder to be the gyroscope. ,, ... · rectifies the corresponding angle. One can

In the case of the invention: the one with the gyroscope also twist the crosshair and then the thread

bound optical, elements are the mirror Ai ₁ cross-landscape-unit by twisting a two-

and L ₁ ; the elements arranged in front of them are 35 see the crosshairs and the eyepiece inserted

either not present at all or straighten disks with prisms of the above type: the

parallel sides or equivalent elements, e.g. B. behind standing observer then sees a straight

Rhombohedral prisms; a prism with a small angle landscape. The latter training enables

may be permissible, provided that this takes into account any inclinations behind the crosshairs.

when attaching the mirrors M ₁ and L ₁ take into account 40, z. B. in the case when the eyepiece of the

will. In the following, for the sake of simplicity, the viewfinder should be kept immobile (case of the

always assumed that before M ₁ there was no optical Fig. 12).

Element is arranged. ., To conclude, the searchers dated

If a target with great precision in size type 4 is to have the following advantages: the order of ¹ A minute is to be maintained or controlled, the line of sight must be precisely stabilized, then the above two conditions must be met. achieved; . ■ ': ■■■ genes in production with the corresponding embossing · the line of sight can be controlled with precision; cision be taken into account; the inclination of the landscape around these visor wedges of the mirrors Ai ₁ and L _{1 must also be} carefully compensated for; be assumed so that the axis A _X A _X and the 50 the type of connections "mirror - cardan axis B ₁ B ₁ exactly symmetrical to each other with respect to ring" is very easy to bring about: it is ent on M ₁ (from apart from a shift), and neither a direct fastening of the mirror so that the axis B ₁ B ₁ and the axis C ₁ C _{1 are} exactly symmetrical gimbals, which then have no play in relation to each other in relation to L ₁ (also has, or a Drive of the mirror by means of one except for one displacement); finally the 55 parallelogram or also by means of an electrical point Y _{1 WIdZ 1} must look with the same care on the axis control device; l ·> C ₁ C _{1 be} aligned. 'the masses of the mirrors Ai ₁ and L ₁ hinder the

Still remaining within the scope of the invention, the target does not stabilize when the viewfinder the line of sight could also be sub-implemented in two other ways, such as twists or twists be: 60 worfenisL ·. ' ^

1. either in front of the mirror M ₁ by means of a visor- This advantage is based on the fact that the Stabilisievorrichtung, which is obtained with the inner gimbal ring of the target in this case, gyroscope is connected and in the direction of that the mirror M ₁ the same rotations as the gyro axis an illuminated crosshair in front of inner gimbal and the mirror L ₁ the same projected the viewfinder. This would mean the counter-rotations as the outer cardan ring is exposed. stand «-vising line preserved; In contrast, the type 2 viewfinder has the mirror

2. or between the mirror M ₁ and the mirror with respect to the inner ring of the gyroscope, des. L ₁ by means of a sighting device that rotates with the carrier of the gyro (that is, immobile) because

there is a rotation of the viewfinder around the inner axis of the gyroscope. In this case, there may be disruptive reactions of the mirror (due to its mass) on the gyroscope in the event of rotational vibrations. ^ ^- ·

To simplify the description so far is only reference has been made to a single light path, for example corresponding to a monocular telescope. As With the above types, however, it is also possible for several coupled optics to pass through either by enlarging the mirrors or by adding new mirrors. for two light paths can e.g. B. the symmetrical device according to FIG. 13 can be selected. The symmetrical one Positioning the mirrors makes it easier to compensate for the gimbals. In this way are the following Coupling possible:

two visual optics to obtain a telescope for binocular observation; _ao one or more infrared detector optics and visual optics that are closely coupled; one or more vascular bundles z. B. serve to control a machine, and visual optics that are closely coupled; _2S the three optics of a laser range finder: that of the emission bundle, that of the receiver bundle and that of the telescope assigned to the other two bundles.

30th

The couplings described above can: be combined with one another; require different anamorphosis systems for the various bundles described above, especially if the wavelengths of the radiation used are not the same (visible and infrared);
only be present in the mirrors connected to the gyroscope, the optical bundles then in particular being able to take different paths, either immediately after reflection on these mirrors or after a certain number of common systems.

45

Finally, the mirrors connected to the gyroscope can be completely or partially made up of prisms, be replaced.

Claims (11)

Patent claims: 1. Optical viewfinder with a telescope arranged in a carrier subject to movement and with through a gyroscope, the top of which is from the inside of two perpendicular to each other Articulation axles supported cardan frame, captured image in the telescope, thereby characterized in that the entire telescope (16) on the gimbal supporting the gyro (19) is attached and its optical axis runs parallel to the gyro axis (18). 2. Optical viewfinder with a subject in a movement subject telescope - and with a gyroscope, the top of which is supported by the inner gimbal frame supported by two mutually perpendicular articulation axes, captured image in the telescope, characterized in that in front of the carrier (V) fixed telescope, which is arranged with its axis (S ', JI) parallel to the pivot axis (3, 3; C, C) of the cardan shaft articulated on the carrier, in the beam path a movable relative to the carrier as an optical input element of the viewfinder serving optical beam deflection device (6; S, M; M, L) is arranged, which has a motion-transmitting connection to the gimbal supporting the gyro (10), which in every position the optical axis of the viewfinder parallel to the gyro axis (1-1; HH) holds. 3. Optical viewfinder according to claim 2, characterized in that the beam deflecting device consists of a pivotable plane reflector (6), the pivot axis (7-7) in its The plane of reflection lies and parallel to the pivot axis of the gyro (10) carrying it Cardan frame runs through attachment points (7,7) on the cardan frame articulated on the carrier and the gimbal frame carrying the gyro (10) via a kinematic connection (8) is connected, which transfers the angle of rotation of this frame halved to the plane reflector. 4. Optical viewfinder according to claim 2, characterized in that the beam deflecting device consists of a plane reflector (M) which sits firmly on the gimbal frame carrying the gyro, and an optical anamorphosis system (S) which is arranged as an input element of the viewfinder in front of the plane reflector and the beam angle (α) in planes parallel to the pivot axis (BB) of the gimbal supporting the gyro remains unchanged and halved in planes perpendicular to it when passing through. 5. Optical viewfinder according to claim 4, characterized by a second anamorphosis system, which is placed behind the mirror in the beam path and, based on the beam as an axis, is rotated by 90 ° compared to the first anamorphosis system. 6. Optical viewfinder according to claim 2, characterized in that the beam deflecting device consists of a first plane reflector (M _{1 ) seated on the gyro-bearing gimbal frame and a second plane reflector (L 1} ) seated on the gimbal frame articulated on the carrier (F _1), whose. Connecting line is reflected on the one hand in a line parallel to the gyro axis (A _t -A,) and on the other hand in a line directed into the telescope, parallel to the pivot axis of the cardan frame hinged to the carrier. 7. Optical «viewfinder according to claim 6, characterized in that the planar reflector (M _{1 ) seated on the carrier (K 1} ) hinged to the support (K 1) lies with its center point (m _x ) along the axis (A ₁ -A ₁ ) of the gyro . 8. Optical viewfinder according to one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that for a multiocular viewfinder several telescopes (Z ₁ Z ₁ , J ₁ ¹ I ₁ ') and several beam _{deflectors (Af 1} L ₁ , Mj'L /) in a carrier with a common gyroscope are provided. 9. Optical viewfinder according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that with A sighting device is connected to one of the gimbals, which has an illuminated crosshair in the Telescope projected. 10. Optical viewfinder according to one of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that the carrier (V, V ₁ ) is gimbaled and with a follower drive is connected to maintain the position of the carrier in space seeks. ■ ·. , 11. Optical viewfinder according to one of the claims 2 to 10, characterized in that a rotating prism is placed in the beam path. For this purpose 3 sheets of drawings