DE1621783B2 - METHOD OF REALIZATION OF DEFORMED IMAGES - Google Patents

Description

However, when viewed with normal light, the image surface appears as a randomly distributed pattern very fine, almost invisible bumps and depressions. As the mean depth of these deformations often less than 1 micron, they cannot be seen with the naked eye.

Despite the excellent quality, these phase holograms also have certain disadvantages. The easy Deformable materials often melt at low temperatures, have a sticky surface and are soft. They can easily be due to mishandling, accidental exposure to dust or by moderately high temperatures are affected. While a desirable quality is that the deformable plates can be reused by softening the layer again and smoothing of the surface can be erased by viscosity forces, this is temperature sensitivity undesirable for permanent recording. It's difficult to get from an original hologram Create afterimages because the surface of the original is easily deteriorated. Of the Casting a holographic original with a melt is difficult because the original is heated causes destruction of the holographic pattern. There are also many deformable substances in many solvents soluble, which are used to cast afterimages from solution. Furthermore, here is an extraordinarily high level of accuracy is required because the holographic pattern is extremely fine and between the elevations and depressions often amplitude differences of less be 1 micron.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide an improved method for simulating a Deformation image with a deformation depth of up to 1 micron, especially a holographic one Image, with which the production of replicas is possible, which is characterized by high image resolution and resistance to deformation under stress.

For a method of the type mentioned at the outset, this object is achieved according to the invention by that on the deformation image to be reproduced at a temperature below about 95 ° C a layer of a curable substance neutral to the image surface, preferably silicone rubber, of the one Has filler with a particle diameter of 10 millimicrons to 1 micron, deformed and considered negative Replica is deducted from the deformation image, and that on this replica a liquefied one Cast film-forming substance and after film formation as a positive replica of the negative replica is deducted.

The method according to the invention ensures a high resolution of the simulations, with at the same time, the avoidance of deformations due to stress is ensured, which in Considering the shallow deformation depth is of crucial importance for the image quality. Blurred the replicas are therefore practically completely avoided. The one for the negative replica The filler used has the property of increasing the dielectric strength of the replica. Furthermore, with a suitable choice of the mean diameter of the filler particles, the image resolution can be compared to the possibilities of known methods can be increased significantly. It is therefore possible with the Method according to the invention Replicas of originals with said very small deformation depth with excellent image quality, so that this process works particularly well suitable for the reproduction of holographic images. It is already known (see e.g. German Patent specifications 850 421 and 945 224) to reproduce originals by applying plastic compounds. In the procedure used to do this, comes

ίο only the replica of large objects or shapes into consideration, although the respective shape is to be reproduced faithfully, but the one with the reproduction of a deformation pattern with a very small deformation depth cannot be resolved. Such molding processes are therefore not possible with the process according to the invention comparable, because the products made with them do not have an optimal image resolution or dielectric strength with values to be specified for deformation images.

One embodiment of the method according to the invention is given below with reference to the only one Figure described in which the sequence of a replication process is shown.

As can be seen from the figure, the deformation image to be reproduced is first made according to a usual one Process generated. The surface of this original image should preferably be used for hardening or solidification as described below.

A first replica is then created by pouring a fabric onto the original image, the this does not affect it.

Then a second replica is cast from the first replica.

The second replica produced in this way is then transferred to an image carrier, so that a final positive replica of the original image results, and the first replica is again considered to be one Mother plate is used, or a thin layer of silver is put on it and a thicker layer of nickel on top of it electrically formed.

If a third replica is made with silver and nickel, it can either be used as a press die can be used for short-term operation, or it becomes a stronger nickel plate with it after passivation formed, which is used as a press die for longer operation.

Of course, many changes are possible in the method shown in the figure, such as will be described.

As will be explained, some of the method steps mentioned above can be used with regard to the Operating conditions, substances, desired number of copies, etc. can be changed. This method enables the production of replicas of an original that is very sensitive to pressure, Solvent or heat is of exceptionally good quality.

The deformation image to be reproduced can be produced by any suitable method. That The method according to the invention is specifically for simulating phase holograms that in the patent application R 45090 IX a / 42 h described type suitable. It is also used to reproduce matting images of the type described in US Pat. No. 3,196,001 and of relief images of the type described in US Pat USA.-Patent 3 005 006 described type ge

i 621 783

7 8

suitable. Typical organic photoconductors are 1,4-dicyanmation images are generally fragile and are naphthalene; 2,5-bis (p-aminophenyl) -1, 3,4-oxidiazole; sensitive to heat or friction. This N-vinyl carbazole; Phthalocyanines, quinacridones and images are created by mixing them on a surface. If the deformable layer of a deformable thermoplastic material consists of a suitable aromatic polymer, an electrostatic charge pattern can be formed and it is made photoconductive to its softening temperature by combining it with a suitable thermoplastic substance, which is heated, whereby the deformation pattern typical Lewis acids are 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone, appears spontaneously. Such images are generated in all-4,4'-bis- (dimethyl-amino) benzophenone, tetra-chlorine common on thermoplastic materials, the io phthalic anhydride, chloranil, picric acid, 1,3,5-often a little above room temperature soft trinitro -benzene and their mixtures,
will. The surface deformation image can be formed on the deformable layer heated to produce the original image to be replicated by any suitable deformable, non-conductive method. Generally a thermoplastic layer can be used. Typical 15 languages, the image generation steps consist of non-conductive thermoplastic materials are the GIy- a uniform electrostatic charge of the cerol- and pentaerythritol esters from partially hydrogenated layer surface, exposure of the surface with tem rosin, polyalphamethylstyrene, terpoly- a light pattern to be reproduced and Ermere of styrene, Indene and isoprene; Piccolyte S-70 softening of the layer for the spontaneous formation of the and S-100 (polyterpene resins from beta-pinene, receives surface deformation image. If the layer borrowed from the Pennsylvania Industrial Chemical Com- deformable layer and / or the photoconductive pany with ring- and sphere analysis determined layer on a conductive base, such as melting points of 70 or 100 ° C); Piccopale a metal foil or a polymeric film with 70 SF and Piccopale 85 (non-reactive olefin - a transparent conductive coating, so resins from the Pennsylvania Industrial Chemical Company 25 the uniform electrostatic charge, for example with melting points of 70 and 85 ° C and mole by corona discharge take place as they are in the kulargewichten of 800 or 1000); Piccolastic A-75, U.S. Patent 2,588,699. Even-D-100 and E-100 (polystyrene resins with melt - understandably, however, other processes can be realized by this charge at points of 75 and 100 ° C in Pennsylvania, at-Industrial Chemical Company); Amberol ST-137X 30, for example, by triboelectric charging, such as (a non-reactive, non-modified phenol - formaldehyde resin from Röhm & Haas described in US Pat. No. 2,297,691); Neolyn is. Is the thermoformable layer and / or the 23 (an alkyd resin from Hercules Chemical Company); Self-supporting photoconductive layer or polycarbonates, polysulfones, polyvinylchloride, Mi- they are on a non-conductive surface, silicone and styrene resins with a low molecular weight, for example, and mixtures of these can be carried out using the double corona process, as is the case in fabrics. Preferably, the thermoplastic is said to be described in U.S. Patent 2,885,556. soften a little above room temperature and if a matting or relief image is to be produced which is non-conductive at the softening temperature, then an exposure is carried out with a surface that can be reproduced correctly depending on the light-shadow pattern. Is that deformed by the surface charge pattern. In the all-deformable layer inherently photoconductive, these preferred substances are so common at Zim- the demining temperature can be a bit soft and sticky immediately after the exposure step, and the winding can follow. If the deformable layer is applied to a photoconductor as a surface deformation pattern, it is generally advantageous to avoid organic solvents on the surface when it is slightly heated or in contact with the 45. Therefore, the mouldable layer, for example, by corona, the imaged sheets must be carefully reloaded in order to be treated for development. If desired, the thermoplastic insulation can produce a suitable surface charge pattern. If a phase hologram is to be produced, a layer of adhesive on a photoconductive insulating material, the exposure is carried out according to the method described in the above-mentioned layer or by incorporating suitable photoconductive substances or by means of sensitivities. The development can take place in any suitable manner of the resin for the formation of a photoconductive manner, the surface of the deformation charge transferring complex substance being made photoconductive ble layer for the formation of the deformation image. Typically applied as a coating. In general, the photoconductive layers that provide the plate consist of preferably the softening temperature of the amorphous selenium, the layer that can be formed from pigment and binder, the deformation image is generated with photoconductive pigments, such as cadmium, and then the plate for fixing the image sulfide, cadmium selenide, zinc sulfide , Zinc selenide, cooled below the softening temperature. Zinc oxide, lead oxide, titanium dioxide, lead iodide, lead 60, the surface can, if so desired, be softened by selenide, dispersed in a non-conductive, film, application of a solvent liquid or of a forming binder, such as a silicone resin, a vapor.

Styrene-butadiene resin or the like. Suitable organic With these methods, original images are obtained Photoconductors can also be used as coating layers - high resolution on materials that are exposed to heat, formed or impaired in the heat-deformable layer by a 65 solvent or abrasion be mixed. If desired, these can be photo- can. The deformation images are generally more advanced sensitized, including small portions of nen deleted when the surface of the deformation colors or Lewis acids can be used. layer softened by heat or solvents

9 10

after the Imagewise Distributed Charge RTV-116 and RTV-118, available from General

pattern was derived. Electric, Silastic RTV-501, Silastic RTV S-5137A,

As a first step in creating post-Silastic RTV S-5138A, Silastic RTV S-5302 and forming a deformation image, the original Silastic RTV S-5303 available from Dow Corning should preferably be treated to have 5 as well as Mixtures of these substances. Preferably, a "surface skin" with a thickness greater than this first negative replica is formed with a cure of about 0.3 microns. The fixation of the upper barren fabric is made. Optimal results are made possible by deformation of the surface due to the formation of such superficial silicone rubber compounds, which in the case of tempered surface skins cure temperatures below about 93 ° C in the patent application. Silicone rubber R 41261 IXa / 57e described. This surface io resulted in the replica with the highest resolution skin is harder and less soluble and is therefore among all curable substances tested. Silicondem original picture a higher resistance rubber types are made of silicone rubber, against abrasion, low heating or calming These types of rubber consist largely of polishing with small amounts of solvent vapor. For mixing dimethyl silicone. You can dimethyl formation of the surface skin using any suitable 15 siloxane, copolymerized with lesser amounts process. It can contain on-site and one more bivalent silicone. Polydimethylsiloxanes, for example, can be produced with another substance, for example, on the spot or by applying a substance. Typical processes for 5 to about 15% diphenyl silicone, diethyl silicone or for skin formation are exposure to be copolymerized with activated methylphenyl silicone. The SiIidem light, X-rays, beta rays, gamma rays, 20 kongummi can also contain active groups such as SiH, electron bombardment, corona discharge, high voltage SiOH or SiOC ₂ H ₅ , and vinyl, fluorine discharge, exposure to visible light, carbon or Nitrile groups can be incorporated into the action of air, action of chemical silicone molecule. If desired, substances such as oxidizing agents and / or agents can be mixed with the silicone rubber to increase the sensitivity, finely divided fillers such as silica gel, calcium formation of cross-connections, addition of carbonate, titanium dioxide, iron oxide or their mixed unsitivating agents in order to increase the ability of the heat-deformable layer compared to the dielectric strength of the final silicone rubber treatment for skin formation, spraying, dipping over-simulation. In general, tension, as well as any suitable combination of the methods, increases the image resolution with decreasing mean driving. Depending on the composition of the 30 diameter of the filler particles. A typical fill-deformable layer can have a particle diameter of about the duration of exposure to the various beams - 10 millimicrons to about 1 micron. Any suitable ventilation sources can be modified to form a suitable surface catalyst, such as metallic soaps, peroxides and other surface skins. For the preferably substances for generating free radicals, the deformable substances to be used can be hardened silicone rubber compounds, which have found that a sufficiently long exposure to catalyst can be used. Typical ultraviolet radiation gives a surface skin, catalysts are benzoyl peroxide, dichlorobenzoyl which shows excellent fixation properties. peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, t-butyl peroxide and therefore ultraviolet exposure is the preferably mixtures thereof. The speed of the process to be used to form the surface hardening depends on the relative amount of the applied skin. deten catalyst. Satisfactory curing

The second step in the speeds according to the invention is achieved with up to 5 Ge replication methods uring is producing a negative weight percent catalyst based on weight tive replica by casting the original silicone rubber. It is believed that the formation image. 45 hardening through the formation of siloxane cross-links

Any suitable curable material can be used to produce fertilization occurring between the polymeric chains. That of the negative replica can be used. It is curable substance is included for removal, it is important that the substance allows the generation of a residual air in a vacuum and then in formation with high resolution. Furthermore, the melt may only come into contact with the deformation to be reproduced, the shrinkage upon solidification of the material. Then it will be out. In addition, heating above 93 ° C should harden and subtract from the original image,
may not be necessary for solidification and no heat is generated during the post-curing process according to the invention. Since most of the educational process consists in producing a substance of the deformation images against damage- second, positive replica, which is poured off from the first, generation by most organic solvents 55 negative replica. This can be sensitive if the substance to be poured on should not contain any suitable film-forming substance that liquefies and contains fractions of these solvents. Typical which can and does not adhere to the first replica, hardenable substances are metal alloys with low levels of use. It is dissolved in a melting point solvent such as Cerralow 117, a bismuth. The relative amount of Cerro Corporation indium alloy used; Waxes, 60 solution is not critical, most importantly only those such as Epolene C-12, a polyethylene wax with ultimate formation of a continuous film, ring molecular weight, available from Eastman Typical film-forming materials are solutions from Chemical Co .; Gelatin such as the food product made by Knox Polystyrene in Toluene, Polymethyl methacrylate in Gelatin Company, methyl ethyl ketone, polyethylene methacrylate in ethylene-polyvinyl alcohols such as Elvanol 71-30 and Elvanol 65 dichloride, cellulose acetate butyrate in ethyl acetate, from Electro-72-60 available from duPontical ; SiIi-curable epoxy resins, curable polyester resins, common rubbers with one or more components molten polystyrene, molten polymethylnents, such as RTV-II, RTV-20, RTV-60, RTV-112, methacrylate, molten polyethylene, plastisols,

like polyvinyl chloride resin, dispersed in 2-ethylphenyl ester, and mixtures of these substances. Acrylic resins, especially polyisobutyl methacrylate, are used preferably used because they cure uniformly without blistering and with that in general used underlay are compatible, which often consists of acrylic fabrics. Therefore these substances are used for Preferably used to fabricate the second, positive replica. To form a flat, The second replica is the substance as a thin, liquid layer on a base and / or on the first replica applied. During, before or after the solidification of the liquid layer or Layers, the base is placed on the first replica with light pressure. Is the solidification not yet entered before application, the liquid layer or layers are left for a long time cure or dry enough. The cast product is a rigid, flat second (positive) replica of the Original image. Leaving a liquid layer of the cast material on the surface of the first replica solidify before the backing is laid down, so the transfer of the solidified Layer on the base occasionally due to the action of heat on the base or before improved during transfer, especially if the solidified layer is non-adhesive. the Solidification of the liquid layer on the surface of the first replica before transfer is made however, preferred as faster production is possible, especially when using film-forming materials dissolved in a volatile solvent can be used. Is the pressure sufficient for the transmission of the solidified material does not allow the cast layer to adhere to the substrate, so can a softening of the layer and / or the substrate can be carried out with a solvent, or any suitable conventional adhesive is used to bond the layer to the backing. The underlay can be of any suitable thickness, rigid or flexible, soluble or insoluble, clear or opaque and can be designed as a tape, sheet, plate or the like. The document should at least have a smooth surface that will support the second replica without destroying the image. the first replica can be used as a motherboard to produce a multitude of final second, positive Replicas are used. The preferred method for generating the second replica consists of the steps of solidifying the hardenable Cast material in a sticky state and the transfer of the solidified material by the action of pressure on the surface of a pad. The pressure used is not critical, but it should at least sufficient for good contact between the cast material and the surface of the base. Excellent replicas are obtained when the cast material is so sticky that it takes 5 seconds under slight pressure, d. H. Thumb pressure attached to a sheet of clear cellulose acetate and sticks after separation of the first replica. Although melted or hardenable cast materials are to be used, one also obtains optimal results with solutions of film-forming Polymers in volatile solvents. Solutions of film-forming polymers reach the sticky one Condition faster than other hardenable materials with less energy expenditure and generate images with greater resolution. The amount of casting solution should be used to form a dry, smooth layer deformation-free outer surface are sufficient.

If a metal mother plate is desired, a replica with a metal surface is produced. After chemical cleaning and sensitization of the surface of the second replica, a metal, such as silver, is chemically reduced and sprayed onto the second replica to a thickness that ensures the absence of pores and withstands the subsequent electrical electroplating current. This thickness is preferably about 7.5 or 10x10 ^-6 cm for this purpose. This coating creates the very conductive surface required for the electroplating production of a good metal mother plate. A suitable method for sensitizing and silvering is described by AM Max in "Application of Electroforming to the Manufacturing of Disk Records" in ASTM Special Technical Publication No. 318 (1962). The second replica is then placed in an electroplating bath of nickel sulfamate and nickel is electroplated onto the conductive surface. The bath is maintained at a temperature of about 54 ° C while the current for a 30 cm plate is about 50 amps. Electroplating is continued until the layer is sufficiently thick to support itself. An optimal layer quality and security against image destruction result with a thickness of the nickel layer between about 0.13 and 0.3 mm. Then the metal layer is lifted from the plastic base, where it separates slightly from it, and so results in a third, silver-plated metal mother plate with a negative image. This metal mother plate can now be used for pressing replicas of the original deformation image, for which purpose the pressing processes described below are used. However, a more durable metal mother plate can be made if desired. Nickel sulphamate baths are preferably used, since they result in rapid and even deposition.

To create a more permanent metal replica the surface of the third, negative replica is treated with a potassium dichromate solution, to chemically passivate the surface. This treatment allows the electroplating of a whole Replica made of nickel on the silver-plated surface, but prevents binding both metals together. This results in a permanent, fourth nickel replica with a positive Image. If desired, a fifth nickel replica with a negative image from the fourth replica can also be used be won. If desired, the surface can also be chrome-plated in order to achieve the To extend the life of the press plate.

Regardless of the method of making the final metal press plate, the final Replicas of the original deformation image using the method described above made for making a variety of final second replicas or by pressing. That The method according to the invention described below is a hot pressing method. A thin, dry one thermoplastic film (cellulose acetate with a thickness of about 0.08 to about 0.25 mm) pressed between a heated nickel press plate and a pad, which can be flat or the con-

Doors of a positive mother plate can have according to the contour of the negative press plate. Of the thermoplastic film is previously heated to a temperature so that no thermal shock effects occur when it is pressed against the even hotter press plate. Because the depth of the surface deformations especially in the case of an original holographic image, very small (on the order of 0.5 microns), little occurs or no melting of the plastic, at most a slight displacement. At the end of the pressing time the pressed thermoplastic film dissolved. Surprisingly, this is done without any prior cooling possible. A hot-pressed replica of the original deformation image is obtained with good Quality. Any suitable thermoplastic material can be used for this process. Typical such substances are acetates, such as cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose triacetate, butyrates, Polycarbonates; Polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate; Vinyl resins such as polyvinyl chloride, polysulfone resins and mixtures of these substances. Most of the tested images produce satisfactory images thermoplastic materials at a pressure between about 27 and 408 atmospheres when preheated of the thermoplastic film is made to about the softening temperature, a Press plate temperature of about 49 to about 204 ° C and a press time of less than about 30 seconds is used. In general, higher pressures are required when lower press plate temperatures be used. It turned out that the best replicas are made on cellulose acetate, when a pressing pressure of about 27 to 408 atmospheres, a preheating temperature up to about 93 ° C, a Press plate temperature of about 49 to about 149 ° C and a pressing time of about 1 to 10 seconds applied will. These values are therefore used to hot-press the most accurate replicas Cellulose acetate used. However, any other suitable substance can also be used for this purpose. Also can a Cold pressing processes are used. However, hot pressing is preferably used because a lower pressure is sufficient and the destruction of the image area is significantly reduced. For the production For reflective holographic images, metal coated plastic films can be used. A clear plastic replica can also be metallized after the image has been created. Both sides of the plastic wrap can be used simultaneously or consecutively with the same or different Holograms are pressed. Of course, the press nut plate can either be flat or open a cylinder with which it is rolled over the thermoplastic films.

It should be noted that with the above-described hot press method, the thermoplastic film is under pressure for a comparatively short time and is then removed hot, so that the softened plastic does not remain in the mold during cooling. Surprisingly, it turns out to be Direct viewing of the image does not change its shape despite the fact that the fabric is prior to removal was not cooled from the mold. This makes a temperature reduction of the die after the Generating each replica is superfluous and allows extremely rapid production of a number very good replicas with a single mother plate. In contrast to a softening with Solvents this hot pressing process has the advantage that it works completely dry and a refreshment or subsequent delivery of solvents is not required.

The following examples serve to further illustrate the process according to the invention for Reproduction of a deformation image. All parts are based on weight, unless otherwise stated. The examples preferably represent embodiments of the method according to the invention.

Example I.

First, an original holographic image is produced. A coating solution is formed which about 20 parts polyvinyl carbazole, about 0.1 part Brilliant Green Special (a triphenylmethane dye from Allied Chemical Company), about 100 parts of dioxane and about 110 parts of dichloromethane.

This solution is applied to the conductive surface of a NESA glass plate (glass substrate, covered with a extremely thin, clear tin oxide film available from Pittsburg Plate Glass Company) to applied to a dry thickness of about 7 microns. On this photoconductive layer is a Layer of Staybelite Ester 10 (a glycerol ester of 60% hydrogenated rosin, available from Hercules Chemical Company) to a dry thickness of about 1 micron. These Layer is applied by its backing at a speed of about 12.5 cm per minute is extracted from a 20% solution of the resin in a kerosene solvent. To When drying, the entire image plate consists of a conductive base, a photoconductive one Layer and a deformable thermoplastic layer. This plate is in the dark with Corona discharge charged to a surface tension of about 500 volts. The plate will then be in exposed an arrangement as shown in Fig. 1 of patent application R 45090 IXa / 42 h. Exposure to object and reference beams is carried out using a helium-neon continuous wave laser, who works in Tem-00 mode at 6328 Angstrom (model 5200 from Perkin Bucket Company). The reference ray is incident at an angle of approximately 30 °.

After being charged again, the plate is then slowly heated to its softening temperature. That The reconstructed image can be observed simultaneously with the formation of the hologram. After a good education the deformations, the plate is cooled to fix the image. The result is a holographic one Excellent quality recording with a resolution of around 800 lines per millimeter.

The hologram is exposed to ultraviolet light from a mercury arc lamp for about 6 hours exposed to the General Electric of 100 watts at a distance of about six inches. As described above, this makes the surface more resistant.

About 100 parts of RTV-II (a silicone rubber compound that vulcanizes at room temperature from General Electric Company) are mixed with about 0.3 part of an associated catalyst. This mixture is kept in a vacuum dryer at a pressure of less than 0.17 atm

remove trapped air bubbles. This causes foam to form on the surface of the mixture caused. After about 5 minutes the pressure is slowly brought to atmospheric pressure. That The original hologram is then placed face up in the bottom of a rectangular shape Press mold of 12.7 mm placed. After wiping the surface of the evacuated silicone rubber mixture this is carefully poured into the mold up to a height of about 9.5 mm, so that all the contours are completely filled. The resin is then cooled to room temperature for 48 hours. With If larger amounts of the catalyst are used, the curing time can be significantly reduced. The hardened one Rubber is then stripped from the original. The result is a flexible, permanent, first, negative nut replica made of rubber. The original hologram becomes through this cast not damaged.

A casting solution is then made by adding approximately 17 parts of powdered Elvacite No. 2045 (a polyisobutyl methacrylate resin, available from E.I. duPont de Nemours & Co.) and about 28 parts of purified ethylene dichloride. The solution will be allowed to stand for a few hours to allow air to escape from the stirred liquid. A Piece of clear plexiglass (polymethyl methacrylate, available from Röhm & Haas) with a A thickness of about 6.35 mm is cut to be slightly larger than the rubber sheet. A big cast of the Replica dissolving is done on one edge of the plexiglass sheet and on one edge of the rubber mold infused. Then the solution is rolled out into a thin layer on both surfaces with glass rods. The coated plastic pad is immediately placed on the coated rubber surface in such a way that that the two surfaces join together from one side to the other, as when a door is closed. This will force out any remaining air bubbles. Then a weight becomes that one Pressure of about 0.01 at generated on the solution layer, placed on the plastic plate, and the assembly is dried for about 3 hours at room temperature. The result is a rigid clear, second, positive replica made of plastic with good quality. The first sample board Silicone rubber remains undamaged.

Then a hologram in the form of a metal replica is produced. After chemical cleaning and sensitization of the surface of the second replica with a tin oxychloride solution, silver is chemically reduced from an ammonia-containing silver nitrate solution while this is sprayed onto the plastic replica. The silver layer obtained has a thickness of about 7.6 cm x 10 ~ ^e. The silver coating forms the very conductive surface required to produce a good galvanic metal replica. The nickel layer with a thickness of about 0.3 mm is then galvanically applied to the silver surface in a nickel sulfamate bath at a temperature of about 54 ° C. and a total current for a 30 cm plate of 50 amperes. After electroplating, the nickel-coated silver is easily removed from the plastic mold, and a third, negative metal mother plate with a silver surface results. The replica is suitable as a press plate for short-term use.

Using this plate, several replicas of the original hologram are then made manufactured. A dry cellulose acetate film about 0.18 mm thick is heated to about 88 ° C heated. The metal mother plate is heated to about 138 ° C and under a pressure of about 54 atmospheres pressed the cellulose acetate film against a flat cushion. Pressure and temperature are about 5 seconds maintained for a long time. At the end of the pressing time, the plastic film is loosened without prior cooling. It ίο the result is an excellent replica of the original hologram. Over 100 other replicas are hot-pressed in a similar manner before a noticeable decrease in quality is observed.

^X 5 Example II

As in Example I, an original hologram, a catalytically formed first, and a cast second mother plate made. In this case, a more permanent motherboard should be hot-pressed, so that a greater number of replicas can be made. After covering the Plastic replica with silver and a 0.3 mm thick, galvanically formed nickel layer is the Silver surface treated with a potassium dichromate solution for passivation. This enables electroplating another nickel layer on the silver surface without creating a silver-nickel bond. After a 0.25 mm thick nickel layer has been formed in this way, it is removed from the silver-nickel mother plate separated. The result is a permanent positive fourth replica made entirely of nickel. This can in a hot pressing process, as described in Example I, to produce pressed negative plastic replicas can be used. For many holographic uses the negative replica is suitable. If desired, this metal mother plate can be fitted with a Chrome plating are provided, which extends their service life further, including a current of about 375 amps is used with a 35 cm plate.

Example III

The (positive) fourth replica from Example II, formed entirely of nickel, is coated with a solution of about 16 g of polyisobutyl methacrylate, dissolved in about 200 ml of methyl ethyl ketone, by brushing on overdrawn. The liquid film formed is exposed to air at room temperature for about 20 seconds dried until it becomes sticky. A thin cellulose acetate film with a thickness of about 0.13 mm is pressed evenly onto the sticky layer by means of a rubber roller. The cellulose acetate film is then withdrawn from the fourth motherboard. The transferred film shows one good adhesion to the cellulose acetate film. Over 100 other replicas are made in a similar fashion produced with the fourth replica with no noticeable drop in quality.

Example IV

An original hologram and a catalytically cast first mother plate are as in Example I manufactured. In this case, a second replica should be formed faster than in Example I. the first mother plate is placed in a bath of about 2 g of poly-

109 587/253

methyl methacrylate, dissolved in 200 ml of methyl ethyl ketone, submerged and slowly withdrawn within 3 seconds. The formed liquid film is air-dried at room temperature for about 30 seconds until it becomes sticky achieved. The tacky film is then attached to a thin cellulose acetate butyrate sheet with a thickness of pressed about 0.25 mm. The first mother plate is removed immediately after the application of pressure. The transferred film shows surprisingly strong adhesion to the foil. The total to form the The time required for the second replica is almost 360 times faster than that for the second motherboard manufacturing steps described in Example I. The first motherboard is repeated in the above described way to produce more than 100 good second replicas without noticeable Quality waste used. One of the second replicas created in this way is then used for manufacture a third mother plate as in Example I used.

Example V

The procedure described in Example IV is repeated with the difference that a polyethylene terephthalate film with a thickness of 0.3 mm is used in place of the cellulose acetate butyrate film. The second replicas produced correspond in quality to those from Example IV.

Example VI

The procedure described in Example IV is repeated with the difference that the liquid volume is rolled onto the surface of the first motherboard, after which it takes about 1 minute up to to a tack-free state and then against a cellulose acetate butyrate sheet for about 4 seconds is pressed, which is on a hot

ίο Plate is at a temperature of around 100 ° C. The first mother plate is then separated from the transferred film. She is in the foregoing used to produce more than 100 second replicas of good quality. One of the second replicas is then used to manufacture a third motherboard as in the example I used.

Although specific ingredients and amounts of substance in the above description of preferred embodiments of the method according to the invention have been specified, other substances and Conditions as listed above can be applied with similar results. Additionally further substances can be added to the various replication substances to create a to achieve synergetic, improving or otherwise modifying effects on their properties. For example, temperature changes or release agents can be used if desired is.

1 sheet of drawings

Claims (23)

Patent claims: 1. Process for the reproduction of deformation images, in particular for holography, with an average deformation depth of up to 1 micron, characterized in that a layer on the deformation image to be reproduced at a temperature below about 95 ° C a hardenable substance that is neutral to the surface of the picture, preferably silicone rubber, the one filler with a particle diameter of 10 millimicrons to 1 micron has, deformed and subtracted from the deformation image as a negative replica, and that on this replica a liquefied film-forming substance is poured and after film formation as a positive replica is subtracted from the negative replica. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the film-forming substance by Dissolution in a solvent is liquefied. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the solution of the film-forming Substance is deposited on the negative replica in an amount sufficient to form a thin, dry layer with a smooth, deformation-free outer surface is sufficient, and that the smooth surface of a base before peeling off against the smooth, deformation-free Outer surface is pressed. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the solution of the film-forming The fabric is dried to the tacky state before coming to the smooth surface of the Document is brought together. 5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the smooth surface of the Prior to joining with the thin, dry layer. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that as a film-forming A synthetic resin is used for the fabric. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that after peeling off a third, negative replica by the deposition of a thin layer of silver on the surface the second, positive replica, electroplating a nickel layer on the silver layer and separating the silver layer from the second, positive replica. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the silver layer is applied up to a thickness of 7.6 · ΙΟ "» to 10 · ΙΟ " ^{6 cm.} 9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the nickel layer up to one Thickness of 0.13 to 0.3 mm is applied. 10. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that of the Deformation image of a fourth, positive metal replica through passivation of the silver surface the third, negative replica, electroplating a nickel layer on the silver surface and separating the silver surface from the fourth, positive replica. 11. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that a fourth, positive replica by pressing the third replica against the surface of a deformable one thermoplastic film is produced, with a to deform the surface of the thermoplastic film in imagewise distribution sufficient pressure is generated. 12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the fourth, positive replica by placing the thermoplastic film on a base, preheating the thermoplastic film, preheating the third replica, pressing the third replica against the thermoplastic film for a time of less than 30 seconds and peeling off the fourth, positive replica thus formed is made by the third replica, the third replica being the pressing temperature maintains. 13. The method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the thermoplastic Cellulose acetate film 0.08-0.25 mm thick. 14. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that that the fourth, positive replica by placing the thermoplastic film on a base, heating the thermoplastic Film to a pre-temperature in the softening range, heating of the third replica to a pre-temperature between 49 and 204 ° C, pressing the third replica against the thermoplastic film for a time of less than 30 seconds and then peeling off the so formed fourth replica is made from the third replica, the third Replica maintains the pressing temperature. 15. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 14, characterized in that a thin Layer of the liquefied resin is applied to the first replica and that the free surface of the thin layer before peeling off the second, positive replica thus formed the first replica is brought into contact with a substrate. 16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that the thin layer of the liquefied Synthetic resin before touching the free surface with the base up to one sticky state is cured. 17. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that the thin layer of the liquefied Synthetic resin is cured after touching the free surface with the base. 18. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that the thin layer of the liquefied Synthetic resin cured before touching the free surface with the base and that at least the substrate is simultaneous with the transfer of the thin layer of the cured resin is supplied to the base heat energy. 19. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 14, characterized in that the second, positive replication by the deposition of a thin layer of the liquefied synthetic resin the surface of a base and casting of the thin layer of the liquefied synthetic resin against the first, negative replica. 3 4 20. The method according to any one of claims 6 charge pattern are softened when it is in erbis 19, characterized in that the second, soft state is one for storing the charge positive replica from a solution has a sufficiently poor conductivity. The Mattie acrylic resin The image is fixed in an organic solvent by the film solidifying again, is formed. 5 For an optical disk to be used repeatedly, it is 21. The method of any one of claims 6 normally desired to pass the fixed image to 19, characterized in that the second, repeated softening of the thermoplastic film positive replica from a melted clear and a sufficiently low viscosity thermoplastic resin is formed. to hold for a certain period of time in order to 22. The method according to one of the preceding io surface tension smoothing the film surface Claims, characterized in that before reaching. Production of the first, negative replica. It has recently been found that the image the deformation image to be reproduced for generation through surface deformation specifically treatment of a surface skin suitable for holography. Like Dennis from a harder material with a higher viscosity 15 Gabor in the essay “A New Microscopic sity at the softening temperature of the original picture principle "in Nature 161, pp. 777 and 778 (1948), area exists than that of the original deformed, the holographic process exists mation picture. of two steps, the defraction image being a 23. The method according to claim 22, characterized ge with coherent radiation, z. B. laser light, lighting, that the surface skin of a 20 th object on a radiation-sensitive layer Has a thickness of at least 0.3 microns. is recorded. This record, under the The name hologram is known, then becomes Reconstruction of a wave generating an image front through lighting with coherent electrical 25 magnetic radiation is used. This method The invention relates to a method for which has been further developed, see for example in this regard Reproduction of deformation images, especially E. Leith and J. Upatnieks in two essays in for holography, with a mean deformation Journal of the Optical Society of America with the depth of up to 1 micron. Title »Reconstructed Wave-fronts in Communication Two Reconstruction with Continuous Tone Objects, 53, methods are generally known for generating image patterns on the upper 30 Theory ", 52, 1123, October 1962, and" Wave-front surface of thermoplastically deformable materials. The first, with the 1377, December 1963, described.
"Matting images" are generated in the USA. Patents 3 196 008, 3 196 001 and 3 258 336 tude holograms worked, it is described. The second, with the "relief image" 35 possible to produce phase holograms in which is in the U.S. Patents the image generation in a phase modulated 3,055,006, 3,063,872 and 3,113,179. With pattern instead of an amplitude-modulated pattern Each of these processes reacts to the surface of a stored, such as in a softened thermoplastic material on electro- essay by G.L. Rogers in Proceedings of the static forces due to deformation. The basic 40 Royal Society, Edinberg, 193, 1953, as well as in one legendary difference between "matting" and an article by W. T. C a they Jr. in Journal of the "Relief", however, is what the matting described Optical Society of America, 55, 457 (1965) evenly charged patches of surface as a ben. uniform distribution of surface wrinkles or recently it has been discovered that the above - wrinkling occurs, while the formation of the relief only 45 described deformation mapping methods Due to electrostatic gradients, the production of phase holograms is more excellent and can be used along the quality created by a charge gradient. This method deten line a single deformation line occurs. is in the patent application R 45090 IX a / 42 h be-Eine Relief formation does not result from even writing. Here phase holograms are on Charge distribution. This is an important difference in a deformable thermoplastic layer not just for the purpose of use, but testifies that can be applied as a coating on a photoconductive also for the different mechanisms of the two layers. The deformable layer becomes Procedure has meaning. With the usual evenly electrostatically charged and with the The creation of matting images is carried out on an object as well as with reference rays of coherent ray refractors Film that z. B. exposed by exposure to 55 ment to which the photoconductor is sensitive. Heat or solvent vapor is softenable, an after exposure becomes the deformable layer electrostatic latent image or charge pattern is recharged and the plate is created on top of it. The film is then softened until the deformable layer has reached the electrostatic softening temperature Forces of the charge pattern that heats up. At this temperature, spontaneous surface tension forces predominate in the film. 60 surface deformation corresponding to the holo-ist When this threshold value is reached, the graphic pattern is based on. The layer then becomes the Surface of the film spontaneously folded away very small upper fixing of the holographic recording or wrinkles formed, the depth of which cools in. If desired, heating can be used during a respective area part generally take place from that of the exposure, so that the reconstructed each existing charge strength and the thickness 65 image simultaneously with the generation of the hologram depends on the film. This gives the image one that can be observed. This procedure enables Manifestation. In another embodiment, the simple generation of phase holograms The film can be of excellent quality and resolution before the application of the men. at