EP0011867A1 - Process for reproducing oil paintings or the like - Google Patents

Process for reproducing oil paintings or the like Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0011867A1
EP0011867A1 EP79104780A EP79104780A EP0011867A1 EP 0011867 A1 EP0011867 A1 EP 0011867A1 EP 79104780 A EP79104780 A EP 79104780A EP 79104780 A EP79104780 A EP 79104780A EP 0011867 A1 EP0011867 A1 EP 0011867A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
film
relief
support layer
heated
original
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP79104780A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0011867B1 (en
Inventor
Heinz Wilhelm Becker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Esstra Industries Corp Te Vancouver Canada
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GRIEBL ELSA
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Priority to AT79104780T priority Critical patent/ATE6234T1/en
Publication of EP0011867A1 publication Critical patent/EP0011867A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
    • B44F11/00—Designs imitating artistic work
    • B44F11/02—Imitation of pictures, e.g. oil paintings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y10T156/1002—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina
    • Y10T156/1039—Surface deformation only of sandwich or lamina [e.g., embossed panels]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
    • Y10T428/24521—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness with component conforming to contour of nonplanar surface
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24893—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including particulate material
    • Y10T428/24901—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including particulate material including coloring matter

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the reproduction of oil paintings and the like with a relief surface using a relief mold removed from the original and a thermoplastic film printed with the original color image, which is deformed under heating.
  • DE-PS 494 894, FR-PS 15 21 466, DE-AS 20 19 699 and DE-OS 2 352 966 specified methods in which a true-to-original multi-color print on the image side a transparent layer of gelatin or plastic is applied, which is given the relief design of the original surface by means of a shape removed from the original before or after application.
  • this emulates the relief-like surface design of the transparent layer, it does not give the same impression as the original, since it is not formed by the color as in the original, so that the effect of the surface formed by the transparent layer is extremely strong from the viewing angle dependent on lighting and the like.
  • FR-PS 14 93 516 the relief shape with ventilation through holes will be given away.
  • the printed film, over which a thick polystyrene film is attached is then placed over the relief shape with a registration.
  • the thick polystyrene film is heated to the softening temperature of the printing film.
  • the latter is pressed together with the printing film into the depressions in the relief form. This gives the after re-hardening the surface shape of the original.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method according to the preamble of claim 1, which produces inexpensive reproductions with the highest original fidelity.
  • the film Due to the homogeneous heating of the printed film to the flow temperature over its thickness or thickness, the film is melted into the depressions of the relief forms Da during this melting process is deformed essentially by its own weight and therefore no strong forces have to be exerted on it, especially in the flowing state, the film can be very thin, so that even barely perceptible surface shapes are faithfully reproduced.
  • Another advantage of the use of a very thin film that is thus made possible is that, due to the very low heat capacity, the inks used for printing are exposed to heating for a much shorter time, so that the risk of color falsification is reduced. This also results in a faster work cycle, since the times for heating and cooling are shorter.
  • Another advantage of the method according to the invention is that the relief shape used can be produced extremely simply. Only in very special cases could it be necessary to make microscopic openings for the release of air pockets under the melting film.
  • a particular advantage results from the fact that a support layer is applied to the back of the film when the film is formed.
  • the support layer is preferably heated in the same way as the film over its thickness essentially homogeneously to the flow temperature of its flowable component, so that it flows together with the film to the relief form and thus forms a solid background as soon as the film through Relief form given structure.
  • a fabric embedded in polyvinyl chloride is preferably used as the supporting film, canvas being used as the carrier material for the reproduction of the reproduction as true to the original as possible, which is impregnated with the polyvinyl chloride.
  • the film and the polyvinyl chloride layer are heated essentially homogeneously.
  • the film flows into the contours of the relief shape, which is supported by the flow of the polyvinyl chloride.
  • the heating methods for the film or for the film in addition to the support layer applied are in particular the following: heating by means of a high-frequency field, heating by means of infrared radiation and heating by means of contact heating with an elastic support element.
  • heating by means of a high-frequency field heating by means of infrared radiation
  • heating by means of contact heating with an elastic support element Compared to the upper or lower pressures used according to the previous techniques, this does not result in any change insofar as the formation corresponding to the relief shape is not impaired by the generation of the flow state in the film or in the film together with the support layer, since ultimately both Foil as well as the possibly attached support layer is not directly exposed to pressure and thus can take on the shape of the relief shape "unaffected".
  • the essentially homogeneous heating of the film and also of the film together with the support layer can be carried out by heating by high-frequency energy in a dielectric manner in a high-frequency field, by heating with infrared rays suitably chosen with regard to the wavelength, or by contact heating by means of a pad sufficiently high thermal conductivity, there is a sudden heating of the film or the film in addition to the support layer.
  • the relief shape used is galvanized at least on its shaping surface. So that the dimensional accuracy is ensured even at a high emuls publishediere R. Furthermore, the surface metallization on the incoming, melting film results in good and rapid heat dissipation, so that the film quickly assumes the correct final shape and is also easily detachable from the relief shape due to the quenching.
  • the relief shape can optionally be made porous and / or provided with holes, even in the case of galvanic metallization.
  • the film is preferably placed with the printed side down on the relief mold. This quickly cools the layer of paint from the relief shape when it reaches it.
  • the relief shape can also advantageously be additionally cooled.
  • thermoplastic film 2 printed with the color image corresponding to the original is placed with the image side 3 down over a relief mold 1 which reproduces the surface design of an original oil painting or the like as a negative form.
  • the relief shape is produced by known methods. for example, a negative hard casting can be made from the original oil painting using polyester resin. In this process, however, small damage can occur, so that the artist must give his consent and, if necessary, restore the original. Therefore, if the oil painting is a valuable original from an old master, this casting process cannot be used. In such a case, therefore, an extremely careful copy must be used, which is necessarily expensive, but the costs of which are spread over a large number of copies of the reproduction, so that they are not significant.
  • Another way out in such a case is to scan the original by means of a laser beam and transfer it photochemically to a gelatin matrix or the like. This is then implemented by pouring into a hard die or into a hard casting. A metal layer 4 is applied galvanically to the molding surface of the polyester hard die produced in this way.
  • a particularly advantageous production of the relief mold 1 results from the fact that the original is cast in a so-called "cold" process with silicone rubber. This method does not damage the original, so that very valuable originals can be molded without hesitation.
  • the silicone rubber casting is used as a relief mold 1 after appropriate support by a rigid plate and optionally coating by means of the metal layer 4.
  • the printing of the film 2 on the image side 3 takes place, for example, according to the offset method, whereby a color recording of the painting with extremely precise color values without light reflections is processed into exactly true offset films in four colors.
  • the film is dielectrically heated to its flow temperature and deforms into the negatively formed shaping surface of the relief mold 1 in less than 1 second.
  • the metallization layer 4 serves on the one hand as an electrode and on the other hand as a heat dissipation layer which solidifies the image side 3 of the film in a very short time and thus ensures the rapid and precise shaping of the film 2.
  • the relief plate 1 which are indicated, for example, at 7.
  • the relief shape 1 can also be made with its metal lization layer 4 are formed microscopically porous, so that the air can evade the entire surface of the film 2.
  • the electrode 5 can be designed in such a way that a uniform, homogeneous heating of the film 2 is ensured over its entire strength and its entire dimensions. By suitable shaping of the electrode 5, however, a somewhat higher or somewhat earlier heating can take place in the middle of the surface of the film, which can be done, for example, by dividing the electrode 5 and correspondingly stepped activation of the resulting partial electrodes.
  • the printed film 2 deformed by the process results in an extremely exact replica of the original with the finest structures, so that even the almost smooth-looking surface shapes can be reproduced faithfully in the painting technique, for example of the 19th century.
  • the process is also extremely economical, since quick heating and rapid cooling can be achieved by choosing a thin film.
  • the metallization layer galvanically applied to the relief form 1 practically does not change the accuracy achieved in the impression, which can be concluded, for example, that such galvanization is also used in record matrices.
  • the metallization. Rungstik 4 results in a longer life of the relief form 1 without any signs of wear and also contributes to a faster cooling of the melted printed film.
  • the rapid cooling of the image side 3 of the film 2 is of particular importance here, since the risk of color falsification of the printing inks used is thus reduced as a result of the heating.
  • the method thus results in higher accuracy with faster and cheaper production of the reproductions.
  • FIG. 2 A modification is shown in Fig. 2.
  • a support layer 8 is placed on the film 2 and, together with the film 2, is subjected to the dielectric high-frequency heating by means of the electrode 5 and the metallization 4, which in this case serves as the counter electrode, of the relief shape.
  • the electrode 5 can be placed on the support layer 8, as a result of which a particularly concentrated high-frequency heating takes place towards the relief shape 1 or its coating 4.
  • the film 2 first drops and then the flowable component of the support layer 8 into the respective shapes of the relief shape 1, wherein a fabric of the support layer 8 remains essentially in its original shape.
  • the "inflow" of the film 2, possibly under the weight of the material of the support layer 8, into the corresponding depressions of the relief mold 1 is primarily due to gravity, which, however, is caused by the contact pressure of the electrode 5 on the original layering of the film 2 and the support layer 8 can be increased.
  • the electrode 5 can also be fixed completely independently of the layering of the film 2 and the supporting layer 8, so that even if the two layers lie on top of them, they detach from the electrode 5 and assume the desired shape after they have been heated to the flow temperature.

Abstract

A process for the reproduction of oil painting and the like, having a relief surface, using a relief mold taken from the original and a thermoplastic foil, imprinted with a color picture corresponding to the original, the foil being molded while being heated and which includes placing the foil upon the relief mold in a fitting alignment and heating the foil essentially homogeneously to its liquefying temperature across its entire surface.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Reproduktion von Ölgemälden und dergleichen mit Reliefoberfläche unter Verwendung einer vom Original abgenommenen Reliefform und einer mit dem dem Original entsprechenden Farbbild bedruckten thermoplastischen Folie, die unter Erwärmung verformt wird.The invention relates to a method for the reproduction of oil paintings and the like with a relief surface using a relief mold removed from the original and a thermoplastic film printed with the original color image, which is deformed under heating.

Zur Reproduktion beispielsweise von Ölgemälden bietet sich zunächst das Kopieren an. Gute Kopien erfordern jedoch viel Sachkenntnis und hohen Zeitaufwand, so daß sie teuer sind und in ihrer Menge nicht der mit der Wohnkultur ansteigenden Nachfrage nachkommen können. Demgegenüber ergibt zwar der zu hoher Wiedergabetreue in Farbe und Auflösung entwickelte Mehrfarben-Kunstdruck preiswerte Nachbildungen, jedoch haftet diesen der Nachteil an, daß die reliefartige räumliche Form des Originals fehlt, die bei einem Ölgemälde oder einem ähnlichen Kunstwerk auch Ausdrucksmittel des Künstlers ist und selbst von einem Laien als solches erkannt wird.For the reproduction of oil paintings, for example, copying is the first option. However, good copies require a great deal of expertise and a great deal of time, so that they are expensive and cannot meet the increasing demand with home decor in their quantity. In contrast, the high fidelity in color and open results Solution developed multicolor art print inexpensive replicas, but there is the disadvantage that the relief-like spatial form of the original is missing, which is also an expression of the artist in an oil painting or a similar work of art and is recognized as such even by a layperson.

Zur Lösung dieses Problems wurden in der DE-PS 494 894, der FR-PS 15 21 466, der DE-AS 20 19 699 und der DE-OS 2 352 966 Verfahren angegeben, bei welchen auf einen originalgetreuen Mehrfarben-Druck an der Bildseite eine transparente Schicht aus Gelatine bzw. Kunststoff aufgebracht wird, die mittels einer vom Original abgenommenen Form vor oder nach dem Aufbringen die Reliefgestaltung der Originaloberfläche erhält. Damit ist zwar an der durchsichtigcn Schicht die reliefartige Oberflächengestaltung nachgeahmt, ergibt jedoch nicht den gleichen Eindruck wie beim Original, da sie nicht wie im Original durch die Farbe gebildet ist, so daß also die Wirkung der durch die durchsichtige Schicht gebildeten Oberfläche außerordentlich stark vom Betrachtungswinkel, der Beleuchtung und dergleichen abhängig ist.To solve this problem, DE-PS 494 894, FR-PS 15 21 466, DE-AS 20 19 699 and DE-OS 2 352 966 specified methods in which a true-to-original multi-color print on the image side a transparent layer of gelatin or plastic is applied, which is given the relief design of the original surface by means of a shape removed from the original before or after application. Although this emulates the relief-like surface design of the transparent layer, it does not give the same impression as the original, since it is not formed by the color as in the original, so that the effect of the surface formed by the transparent layer is extremely strong from the viewing angle dependent on lighting and the like.

Diese Unzulänglichkeiten sind bei Verfahren gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 ausgeschaltet, die in der FR-PS 14 93 516 sowie der FR-PS 15 48 337 beschrieben sind. Nach der FR-PS 14 93 516 wird die Reliefform mit Lüftdurchgangslöchern verschen. Über die Reliefform wird dann unter Paßausrichtung die bedruckte Folie gelegt, über welcher eine dicke Polystyrolfolie angebracht wird. Die dicke Polystyrolfolie wird auf die Erweichungstemperatur der Druckfolie erwärmt. Danach wird durch Unterdruck unterhalb der Reliefform und/oder Uberdruck oberhalb der Polystyrolfolie diese zusammen mit der Druckfolie in die Vertiefungen der Reliefform gedrückt. Damit erhält die

Figure imgb0001
nach der Wiedererhärten die Oberflachenform des Originals. Das gemäß der FR-PS 15 48 337 entspricht diesem bekannten Verfahren mit der Ausnahme, daß die bedruckte Folie durch Bestrahlung mit Infrarotlicht anstelle der Kontakterwärmung mittels einer Polystyrolfolie erwärmt wird und die Formung allein durch Un-terdruck unterhalb der Reliefform erfolgt. Gegenüber den bei den vorangehend genannten Verfahren erzielten durchsichtigen Reliefoberflächenschichten stellt die sich ergebende farbige Reliefoberfläche der Folie eine Verbesserung dar. Da jedoch bei beiden Verfahren zur Formung der Folie beträchtliche Druckkräfte an derselben wirken, die bei dem ersteren bekannten Verfahren beispielsweise mit 7 kg/cm angegeben sind, muß die Folie zwangsläufig eine bestimmte Dicke haben. Dies führt wiederum dazu, daß feine Reliefgestaltungen nicht mit ausreichender Originalgetreue reproduzierbar sind. Bei manchen Originalen mag dies zwar nicht von großer Bedeutung sein, jedoch ergibt sich beispielsweise bei der feinen Maltechnik des Manierismus vornehmlich der Münchner Schule eine merkliche Abweichung vom Original.These shortcomings are eliminated in the method according to the preamble of claim 1, which are described in FR-PS 14 93 516 and FR-PS 15 48 337. According to FR-PS 14 93 516, the relief shape with ventilation through holes will be given away. The printed film, over which a thick polystyrene film is attached, is then placed over the relief shape with a registration. The thick polystyrene film is heated to the softening temperature of the printing film. Then, by means of negative pressure below the relief mold and / or positive pressure above the polystyrene film, the latter is pressed together with the printing film into the depressions in the relief form. This gives the
Figure imgb0001
after re-hardening the surface shape of the original. The according to the FR-PS 15 48 337 corresponding to this known method with the exception that the printed film in place by irradiation with infrared light the contact heating is heated by means of a polystyrene film and carried out the forming solely by U n-terdruck below the relief mold. The resulting colored relief surface of the film is an improvement over the transparent relief surface layers obtained in the above-mentioned processes. However, since both processes for forming the film have considerable compressive forces acting on it, which in the former known process are given as 7 kg / cm, for example are, the film must have a certain thickness. This in turn means that fine relief designs cannot be reproduced with sufficient original fidelity. For some originals this may not be of great importance, but for example the Munich School's fine painting technique of mannerism results in a noticeable deviation from the original.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 anzugeben, das preiswerte Reproduktionen mit höchster Originalgetreue erigibt.The invention has for its object to provide a method according to the preamble of claim 1, which produces inexpensive reproductions with the highest original fidelity.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mit den im kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruchs 1 genannten Maßnahmen gelöst.This object is achieved with the measures mentioned in the characterizing part of claim 1.

Durch die über ihre Dicke bzw. ihre Stärke homogene Erwärmung der bedruckten Folie auf die Fließtemperatur erfolgt somit ein Einschmelzen der Folie in die Vertiefungen der Reliefforme Da bei diesem Schmelzvorgang die Folie im wesentlichen durch ihr Eigengewicht verformt wird und daher an ihr insbesondere im Fließzustand keine starken Kräfte ausgeübt werden müssen, kann die folie sehr dünn sein, so daß selbst kaum wahrnehmbare Oberflächenformen getreu nachgebildet werden. Ein weiterer Vorteil der somit ermöglichten Verwendung einer sehr dünnen Folie liegt darin, daß aufgrund der sehr geringen Wärmekapazität die zum Bedrucken verwendeten Farben wesentlich kürzer einer Erwärmung ausgesetzt sind, so daß die Gefahr einer Farbverfälschung verringert ist. Ferner ergibt sich daraus ein schnellerer Arbeitstakt, da die Zeiten für Erwärmung und Abkühlung kürzer sind. Ein weiterer Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens besteht darin, daß die verwendete Reliefform außerordentlich einfach hergestellt werden kann. Nur in ganz besonderen Fällen könnte es notwendig sein, für den Ablaß von Lufteinschlüssen unter der schmelzenden Folie mikroskopisch kleine Öffnungen anzubringen.Due to the homogeneous heating of the printed film to the flow temperature over its thickness or thickness, the film is melted into the depressions of the relief forms Da during this melting process is deformed essentially by its own weight and therefore no strong forces have to be exerted on it, especially in the flowing state, the film can be very thin, so that even barely perceptible surface shapes are faithfully reproduced. Another advantage of the use of a very thin film that is thus made possible is that, due to the very low heat capacity, the inks used for printing are exposed to heating for a much shorter time, so that the risk of color falsification is reduced. This also results in a faster work cycle, since the times for heating and cooling are shorter. Another advantage of the method according to the invention is that the relief shape used can be produced extremely simply. Only in very special cases could it be necessary to make microscopic openings for the release of air pockets under the melting film.

Ein besonderer Vorteil ergibt sich dadurch, daß zugleich mit dem Formen der Folie auf die Rückseite der Folie eine Stützschicht aufgebracht wird. Dabei wird vorzugsweise die Stützschicht auf gleiche Weise wie die Folie über ihre Stärke im wesentlichen homogen auf die Fließtemperatur ihres fließfähigen Bestandteils erwärmt, so daß dieser zusammen mit der Folie zu der Reliefform hin fließt und damit einen festen Hintergrund bildet, sobald die Folie die durch die Reliefform gegebene Struktur angenommen hat. Als Stützfolie wird vorzugsweise ein in Polyvinylchlorid eingelagertes Gewebe verwendet, wobei zur möglichst originalgetreuen Ausbildung der Reproduktion als Trägermaterial Leinwand verwendet wird, die mit dem Polyvinylchlorid durchtränkt wird. In diesem Fall erfolgt durch im wesentlichen homogenes Erwärmen der Folie einerseits und der-Polyvinylchlorid-Schicht. andererseits ein Einfließen der Folie in die Konturen der Reliefform, das durch das Nachfließen des Polyvinylchlorids unterstützt ist.A particular advantage results from the fact that a support layer is applied to the back of the film when the film is formed. The support layer is preferably heated in the same way as the film over its thickness essentially homogeneously to the flow temperature of its flowable component, so that it flows together with the film to the relief form and thus forms a solid background as soon as the film through Relief form given structure. A fabric embedded in polyvinyl chloride is preferably used as the supporting film, canvas being used as the carrier material for the reproduction of the reproduction as true to the original as possible, which is impregnated with the polyvinyl chloride. In this case, the film and the polyvinyl chloride layer are heated essentially homogeneously. on the other hand, the film flows into the contours of the relief shape, which is supported by the flow of the polyvinyl chloride.

Da sich bei dem aufgrund der Erwärmung ziemlich plötzlich erfolgenden Absinken der Folie auf die Reliefform Lufteinschlüsse bilden könnten, ist es vorteilhaft, die Wärmezufuhr von der Mitte der Folie her auseinandergehend zu den Rändern vorzunehmen.Since air inclusions could form when the film sinks to the relief shape quite suddenly due to the heating, it is advantageous to apply the heat from the center of the film to the edges.

Als Erwärmungsverfahren für die Folie bzw. für die Folie zusätzlich der aufgelegten Stützschicht ergeben sich insbesonderefolgende: eine Erwärmung mittels eines Hochfrequenzfelds, eine Erwärmung mittels Infrarotstrahlung sowie eine Erwärmung mittels Kontakt-Erwärmung mit einem elastischen Auflage-Element. Im Vergleich zu dem gemäß den früheren Techniken angewandten Ober- oder Unterdrücken ergibt dies keine Veränderung insofern, als durch die Erzeugung des Fließzustands in der Folie bzw. in der Folie zusammen mit der Stützschicht die Formung entsprechend der Reliefform nicht beeinträchtigt wird, da letztlich sowohl die Folie als auch die evtl. darüber angebrachte Stützschicht nicht direkt einem Druck ausgesetzt wird und damit "unbeeinflußt" der Reliefform entsprechende Formen annehmen kann.The heating methods for the film or for the film in addition to the support layer applied are in particular the following: heating by means of a high-frequency field, heating by means of infrared radiation and heating by means of contact heating with an elastic support element. Compared to the upper or lower pressures used according to the previous techniques, this does not result in any change insofar as the formation corresponding to the relief shape is not impaired by the generation of the flow state in the film or in the film together with the support layer, since ultimately both Foil as well as the possibly attached support layer is not directly exposed to pressure and thus can take on the shape of the relief shape "unaffected".

Die im wesentlichen homogene Erwärmung der Folie sowie auch der Folie zusammen mit der Stützschicht kann dadurch erfolgen, daß eine Erwärmung durch Hochfrequenzenergie auf dielektrische Weise in einem Hochfrequenzfeld erfolgt, mit insbesondere hinsichtlich der Wellenlänge geeignet gewählten Infrarotstrahlen erwärmt wird oder durch Kontakt-Erwärmung mittels einer Auflage ausreichend hoher Wärmeleitfähigkeit eine plötzliche Durchwärmung der Folie oder der Folie zusätzlich der Stützschicht erfolgt.The essentially homogeneous heating of the film and also of the film together with the support layer can be carried out by heating by high-frequency energy in a dielectric manner in a high-frequency field, by heating with infrared rays suitably chosen with regard to the wavelength, or by contact heating by means of a pad sufficiently high thermal conductivity, there is a sudden heating of the film or the film in addition to the support layer.

Obzwar die in Frage kommenden Originale und damit auch die von diesen abgenommenen Reliefformen an der Oberfläche zumeist rauh genug sind, unter der schmelzenden Folie befindliche Luft seitlich austreten zu lassen, ist es vorteilhaft, die Erwärmung von der Mitte beginnend und zum Rand fortschreitend vorzunehmen.Although the originals in question, and thus the relief shapes they remove from the surface, are usually rough enough to allow air under the melting film to escape laterally, it is advantageous to start the heating from the center and proceed to the edge.

Als vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung des Verfahren-s wird die verwendete Reliefform zumindest an ihrer Formungsfläche galvanisch metallisiert. Damit ist die Formtreue selbst bei einer hohen Reproduktionsstückzahl gewährleistet. Ferner ergibt sich durch die Oberflächenmetallisierung an der ankommenden, schmelzenden Folie eine gute und schnelle Wärmeableitung, so daß die Folie schnell die richtige endgültige Form annimmt und zudem aufgrund des Abschrekkens leicht von der Reliefform lösbar ist. Der jeweiligen Oberflächengestalt entsprechend kann die Reliefform gegebenenfalls - auch bei galvanischer Metallisierung - porös gestaltet und/oder mit Löchern versehen werden.As an advantageous embodiment of the method, the relief shape used is galvanized at least on its shaping surface. So that the dimensional accuracy is ensured even at a high eproduktionsstückzahl R. Furthermore, the surface metallization on the incoming, melting film results in good and rapid heat dissipation, so that the film quickly assumes the correct final shape and is also easily detachable from the relief shape due to the quenching. Depending on the particular surface shape, the relief shape can optionally be made porous and / or provided with holes, even in the case of galvanic metallization.

Zur Vermeidung einer übermäßigen Einwirkung von Wärme auf die zum Bedrucken der Folie verwendeten Farben wird die Folie vorzugsweise mit ihrer bedruckten Seite nach unten auf die Reliefform aufgelegt. Dadurch wird die Farbschicht schnell von der Reliefform abgekühlt, wenn sie diese erreicht hat. Vorteilhaft kann hierzu ferner die Reliefform zusätzlich gekühlt werden.In order to avoid excessive exposure to heat on the colors used for printing on the film, the film is preferably placed with the printed side down on the relief mold. This quickly cools the layer of paint from the relief shape when it reaches it. For this purpose, the relief shape can also advantageously be additionally cooled.

Die Erfindung ist nachstehend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung näher erläutert.

  • Die Fig. 1 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel für das Verfahren zur Formung allein der Folie.
  • Fig. 2 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel für das Verfahren bei gleichzeitiger Formung der Folie sowie Überlagerung der Folie mit einem Stützmaterial.
The invention is explained below using exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing.
  • Fig. 1 shows an embodiment for the method for forming the film alone.
  • F ig. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of the method with simultaneous shaping of the film and overlaying the film with a support material.

Gemäß der Figur 1 wird über eine die Oberflächengestaltung eines Original-Ölgemäldes oder dergleichen als Negativform wiedergebende Reliefform 1 eine mit dem dem Original entsprechenden Farbbild bedruckte thermoplastische Folie 2 mit der Bildseite 3 nach unten gelegt. Die Herstellung der Reliefform erfolgt nach bekannten Verfahren. beispielsweise kann von dem Original-Ölgemälde ein Negativ-Hartabguß hergestellt werden, bei dem Polyesterharz verwendet wird. Bei diesem Vorgang können jedoch kleine Schäden entstehen, so daß also der Künstler sein Einverständnis geben muß und gegebenenfalls Restaurierungen am Original vornehmen muß. Wenn es sich bei dem Ölgemälde um ein wertvolles Original eines alten Meisters handelt, kann deshalb dieses Abgußverfahren nicht angewandt werden. In einem solchen Fall muß daher eine äußerst sorgfältige Kopie herangezogen werden, die zwar notgedrungen teuer ist, deren Kosten sich jedoch auf eine große Anzahl von Reproduktionsexemplaren verteilen, so daß sie nicht ins Gewicht fallen. Ein weiterer Ausweg in einem solchen Fall besteht darin, daß das Original mittels eines Laserstrahls abgetastet und fotochemisch auf eine Gelatine-Matrize oder dergleichen übertragen wird. Diese wird dann durch Ausgießen in eine Hartmatrize bzw. in einen Hartabguß umgesetzt. Auf die Formungsfläche der auf diese Weise hergestellten Polyester-Hartmatrize wird galvanisch eine Metallschicht 4 aufgebracht.According to FIG. 1, a thermoplastic film 2 printed with the color image corresponding to the original is placed with the image side 3 down over a relief mold 1 which reproduces the surface design of an original oil painting or the like as a negative form. The relief shape is produced by known methods. for example, a negative hard casting can be made from the original oil painting using polyester resin. In this process, however, small damage can occur, so that the artist must give his consent and, if necessary, restore the original. Therefore, if the oil painting is a valuable original from an old master, this casting process cannot be used. In such a case, therefore, an extremely careful copy must be used, which is necessarily expensive, but the costs of which are spread over a large number of copies of the reproduction, so that they are not significant. Another way out in such a case is to scan the original by means of a laser beam and transfer it photochemically to a gelatin matrix or the like. This is then implemented by pouring into a hard die or into a hard casting. A metal layer 4 is applied galvanically to the molding surface of the polyester hard die produced in this way.

Eine besonders vorteilhafte Herstellung der Reliefform 1 ergibt sich dadurch, daß das Original im sogenannten "Kalt"-Verfahren mit Siliconkautschuk abgegossen wird. Bei diesem Verfahren entsteht keinerlei Beschädigung des Originals, so daß auch sehr wertvolle Originale ohne Bedenken abgeformt werden können. Der Siliconkautschuk-Abguß wird nach entsprechender Abstützung durch eine steife Platte und gegebenenfalls Beschichtung mittels der Metallschicht 4 als Reliefform 1 verwendet.A particularly advantageous production of the relief mold 1 results from the fact that the original is cast in a so-called "cold" process with silicone rubber. This method does not damage the original, so that very valuable originals can be molded without hesitation. The silicone rubber casting is used as a relief mold 1 after appropriate support by a rigid plate and optionally coating by means of the metal layer 4.

Das Bedrucken der Folie 2 an der Bildseite 3 erfolgt beispielsweise nach dem Offset-Verfahren, wobei eine Farbaufnahme des Gemäldes mit äußerst genauen Farbwerten ohne Lichtreflexionen zu genau maßgetreuen Off setfilmen in vier Farben verarbeitet wird. Selbstverständlich ist hierbei auf äußerst genaue Maßhaltigkeit zu achten. Sowohl bei der Herstellung dieser Offsetfilme als auch bei der Herstellung der Reliefform können von vorneherein Paßmarkierungen außerhalb des Bildfelds vorgesehen werden, die dann das Ausrichten der bedruckten Folie 2 gegenüber der Reliefform 1 erleichtern.The printing of the film 2 on the image side 3 takes place, for example, according to the offset method, whereby a color recording of the painting with extremely precise color values without light reflections is processed into exactly true offset films in four colors. Of course, you have to pay attention to extremely precise dimensional accuracy. Both in the production of these offset films and in the production of the relief shape, it is possible from the outset to provide registration marks outside the image field, which then facilitate the alignment of the printed film 2 with respect to the relief shape 1.

Zur Durchführung des Verfahrens werden die Metallisierungsschicht 4 einerseits und eine oberhalb der bedruck= ten Folie 2 angeordnete Elektrode 5 an einen Hochfrequenzgenerator 6 angeschlossen. Durch kurzzeitiges Einschalten des Hochfrequenzgenerators 6 wird die Folie dielektrisch auf ihre Fließtemperatur erwärmt und verformt sich in weniger als 1 Sekunde in die negativ ausgebildete Formungsfläche der Reliefform 1 hinein. Die Metallisierungsschicht 4 dient dabei einerseits als Elektrode und andererseits als Wärmeableitungsschicht, die die Bildseite 3 der Folie in ganz kurzer Zeit erstarren läßt und damit die schnelle und genaue Formung der Folie 2 gewährleistet. Falls die normale Rauhigkeit des Originalgemäldes und damit der Formungsfläche der Reliefform 1 nicht dafür ausreichen sollte, die Abfuhr der in den Vertiefungen unterhalb der Folie eingeschlossenen Luft sicherzustellen, können mikroskopisch kleine Luftkanäle in der Reliefplatte 1 ausgebildet werden, die beispielsweise bei 7 angedeutet sind. Ferner kann auch die Reliefform 1 zugleich mit ihrer Metallisierungsschicht 4 mikroskopisch porös ausgebildet werden, so daß die Luft an der ganzen Fläche der Folie 2 ausweichen kann. Die Elektrode 5 kann je nach den Gegebenheiten so ausgebildet werden, daß eine.gleichmäßige homogene Erwärmung der Folie 2 über ihre ganze Stärke und ihre ganzen Ausmaße hinaus gewährleistet ist. Durch geeignete Formung der Elektrode 5 kann jedoch auch eine etwas höhere oder etwas früher einsetzende Erwärmung in der Flächenmitte der Folie erfolgen, was beispielsweise durch Aufteilung der Elektrode 5 und entsprechend zeitlich gestufter Einschaltung der sich ergebenden Teilelektroden vorgenommen werden kann.To perform the process, the metallization layer 4 on the one hand and a ten above the Imprinted = film 2 disposed electrode 5 are connected to a high frequency generator. 6 By briefly switching on the high-frequency generator 6, the film is dielectrically heated to its flow temperature and deforms into the negatively formed shaping surface of the relief mold 1 in less than 1 second. The metallization layer 4 serves on the one hand as an electrode and on the other hand as a heat dissipation layer which solidifies the image side 3 of the film in a very short time and thus ensures the rapid and precise shaping of the film 2. If the normal roughness of the original painting and thus the shaping surface of the relief mold 1 should not be sufficient to ensure the removal of the air enclosed in the depressions below the film, microscopic air channels can be formed in the relief plate 1, which are indicated, for example, at 7. Furthermore, the relief shape 1 can also be made with its metal lization layer 4 are formed microscopically porous, so that the air can evade the entire surface of the film 2. Depending on the circumstances, the electrode 5 can be designed in such a way that a uniform, homogeneous heating of the film 2 is ensured over its entire strength and its entire dimensions. By suitable shaping of the electrode 5, however, a somewhat higher or somewhat earlier heating can take place in the middle of the surface of the film, which can be done, for example, by dividing the electrode 5 and correspondingly stepped activation of the resulting partial electrodes.

Die nach dem Verfahren verformte bedruckte Folie 2 ergibt eine extrem genaue Nachbildung des Originals mit den feinsten Strukturen, so daß auch die nahezu glatt wirkenden Oberflächenformen bei der Maltechnik beispielsweise des 19. Jahrhunderts originalgetreu reproduzierbar sind. Das Verfahren ist auch außerordentlich wirtschaftlich, da durch Wahl einer dünnen Folie ein schnelles Erwärmen und auch ein schnelles Abkühlen erzielbar ist. Die auf die Reliefform 1 galvanisch aufgebrachte Metallisierungsschicht verändert die beim Abdruck erzielte Genauigkeit praktisch überhaupt nicht, was beispielsweise daraus geschlossen werden kann, daß eine derartige Galvanisierung auch bei Schallplattenmatrizen Anwendung findet. Die Metallisie- . rungsschicht 4 ergibt jedoch eine höhere Lebensdauer der Reliefform 1 ohne Abnutzungserscheinungen und trägt ferner zu einer schnelleren Abkühlung der in sie eingeschmolzenen bedruckten Folie bei. Dabei ist besonders die schnelle Abkühlung der Bildseite 3 der Folie 2 von Bedeutung, da damit die Gefahr von Farbverfälschungen der benutzten Druckfarben durch die erfolgte Erwärmung verringert wird. Damit ergibt das Verfahren gegenüber den bekannten Verfahren unter einfacherer Herstellung einer Form eine höhere Genauigkeit unter schnellerer und kostengünstigerer Herstellung der Reproduktionen.The printed film 2 deformed by the process results in an extremely exact replica of the original with the finest structures, so that even the almost smooth-looking surface shapes can be reproduced faithfully in the painting technique, for example of the 19th century. The process is also extremely economical, since quick heating and rapid cooling can be achieved by choosing a thin film. The metallization layer galvanically applied to the relief form 1 practically does not change the accuracy achieved in the impression, which can be concluded, for example, that such galvanization is also used in record matrices. The metallization. Rungsschicht 4 results in a longer life of the relief form 1 without any signs of wear and also contributes to a faster cooling of the melted printed film. The rapid cooling of the image side 3 of the film 2 is of particular importance here, since the risk of color falsification of the printing inks used is thus reduced as a result of the heating. In comparison with the known methods, with simpler production of a mold, the method thus results in higher accuracy with faster and cheaper production of the reproductions.

Eine Modifikation ist in Fig. 2 gezeigt. Bei diesem Verfahren wird auf die Folie 2 eine Stützschicht 8 aufgelegt und zugleich mit der Folie 2 der dielektrischen Hochfrequenz-Erwärmung mittels der Elektrode 5 und der in diesem Fall als Gegenelektrode dienenden Metallisierung 4 der Reliefform unterzogen. Die Elektrode 5 kann hierzu auf die Stützschicht 8 aufgelegt werden, wodurch eine besonders konzentrierte Hochfrequenz-Erwärmung zu der Reliefform 1 bzw. zu deren Beschichtung 4 hin erfolat. Sobald die Folie 2 und möglichst gleichzeitig damit ein fließfäniger Bestandteil der Stützschicht 8, die beispielsweise aus PVC-getränkter Leinwand bestehen kann, auf die Fließtemperatur gebracht sind, sinkt zunächst die Folie 2 und danach der fließfähige Bestandteil der Stützschicht 8 in die jeweiligen Formen der Reliefform 1, wobei ein Gewebe der Stützschicht 8 im wesentlichen in seiner ursprünglichen Form verbleibt. Auf das "Einfließen" der Folie 2, eventuell unter der Gewichtsbelastung durch das Material der Stützschicht 8, in die entsprechenden Vertiefungen der Reliefform 1 wirkt in erster Linie die Schwerkraft, die jedoch durch den Auflagedruck der Elektrode 5 auf die ursprüngliche Schichtung der Folie 2 und der Stützschicht 8 gesteigert werden kann. Die Elektrode 5 kann jedoch auch völlig unabhängig von der Aufschichtung der Folie 2 und der Stützschicht 8 festgelegt sein, so daß selbst bei einem Aufliegen der beiden Schichtensich diese nach ihrer zur Fließtemperatur hin vorgenommenen Erwärmung von der Elektrode 5 lösen und die gewünschte Form einnehmen.A modification is shown in Fig. 2. In this method, a support layer 8 is placed on the film 2 and, together with the film 2, is subjected to the dielectric high-frequency heating by means of the electrode 5 and the metallization 4, which in this case serves as the counter electrode, of the relief shape. For this purpose, the electrode 5 can be placed on the support layer 8, as a result of which a particularly concentrated high-frequency heating takes place towards the relief shape 1 or its coating 4. As soon as the film 2 and, if possible simultaneously, a flowable component of the support layer 8, which can consist, for example, of PVC-impregnated canvas, are brought to the flow temperature, the film 2 first drops and then the flowable component of the support layer 8 into the respective shapes of the relief shape 1, wherein a fabric of the support layer 8 remains essentially in its original shape. The "inflow" of the film 2, possibly under the weight of the material of the support layer 8, into the corresponding depressions of the relief mold 1 is primarily due to gravity, which, however, is caused by the contact pressure of the electrode 5 on the original layering of the film 2 and the support layer 8 can be increased. However, the electrode 5 can also be fixed completely independently of the layering of the film 2 and the supporting layer 8, so that even if the two layers lie on top of them, they detach from the electrode 5 and assume the desired shape after they have been heated to the flow temperature.

Claims (14)

1. Verfahren zur Reproduktion von Ölgemälden und dergleichen mit Reliefoberfläche unter Verwendung einer vom Original abgenommenen Reliefform und einer mit dem dem Original entsprechenden Farbbild bedruckten thermoplastischen Folie, die unter Erwärmung verformt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Folie unter Paßausrichtung auf die Reliefform aufgelegt wird und über ihre Stärke im wesentlichen homogen auf ihre Fließtemperatur erwärmt wird.1. A process for the reproduction of oil paintings and the like with a relief surface using a relief mold removed from the original and a thermoplastic film printed with the original color image and deformed under heating, characterized in that the film is placed on the relief mold with a registration and is heated essentially homogeneously to its flow temperature via its strength. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß über die Folie eine Stützschicht gelegt wird, die zugleich mit der Folie erwärmt wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a support layer is placed over the film, which is simultaneously heated with the film. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zugleich mit der Folie die Stützschicht über ihre Stärke im wesentlichen homogen auf die Fließtemperatur ihres fließfähigen Bestandteils erwärmt wird.3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that at the same time with the film, the support layer on its thickness is heated substantially homogeneously to the flow temperature of its flowable component. 4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stützschicht eine in Polyvinylchlorid eingelassene Gewebeschicht ist.4. The method according to any one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the support layer is a fabric layer embedded in polyvinyl chloride. 5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gewebe Leinwand ist, die mit dem Polyvinylchlorid getränkt ist.5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the fabric is canvas which is impregnated with the polyvinyl chloride. 6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stützschicht durch Eigengewicht und/oder zusätzlichen Druck mittels einer Auflage oder einer Andrückvorrichtung gegen die Folie gedrückt wird.6. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the supporting layer is pressed by its own weight and / or additional pressure by means of a support or a pressing device against the film. 7. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Folie bzw. die Folie mit der Stützschicht beginnend von der Mitte der Reliefform fortschreitend nach außen zu erwärmt wird.7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the film or the film with the support layer is progressively heated from the center of the relief shape to the outside. 8. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Folie bzw. die Folie mit der Stützschicht mittels eines elektrischen Hochfrequenzfelds dielektrisch erwärmt wird.8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the film or the film with the support layer is dielectrically heated by means of an electrical high-frequency field. 9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Folie bzw. die Folie mit der Stützschicht durch Infrarotstrahlen erwärmt wird.9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the film or the film with the support layer is heated by infrared rays. 10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Folie bzw. die Folie mit der Stützschicht durch Kontakterwärmung mittels einer vorgewärmten elastischen Auflage hoher Wärmekapazität erwärmt wird.10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the film or the film with the support layer is heated by contact heating by means of a preheated elastic pad high heat capacity. 11. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Reliefform mindestens an der der Folie zugewandten Seite galvanisch metallisiert wird.11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the relief shape is galvanized at least on the side facing the film. 12. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Reliefform in mikroskopischem Ausmaß porös ist oder mit Löchern in mikroskopischem Ausmaß versehen ist.12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the relief shape is porous on a microscopic scale or is provided with holes on a microscopic scale. 13. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Reliefform gekühlt wird.13. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the relief mold is cooled. 14. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Reliefform als Negativform ausgebildet wird und die Folie mit der Druckseite auf die Reliefform aufgelegt wird.14. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the relief form is designed as a negative form and the film is placed with the printing side on the relief form.
EP79104780A 1978-11-30 1979-11-29 Process for reproducing oil paintings or the like Expired EP0011867B1 (en)

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AT79104780T ATE6234T1 (en) 1978-11-30 1979-11-29 REPRODUCTION PROCESSES FOR OIL PAINTINGS OR THE LIKE.

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DE2851875 1978-11-30
DE2851875A DE2851875C2 (en) 1978-11-30 1978-11-30 Reproduction method for oil paintings or the like

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DE2965530D1 (en) 1983-07-07
EP0011731B1 (en) 1983-05-25
AU5330679A (en) 1980-06-05
AU533062B2 (en) 1983-10-27
JPS5732000B2 (en) 1982-07-08
JPS5581200A (en) 1980-06-18
EP0011867B1 (en) 1984-02-15
DE2851875A1 (en) 1980-06-04
ATE3520T1 (en) 1983-06-15
JPS564500A (en) 1981-01-17
DE2851875C2 (en) 1983-11-10
EP0011731A1 (en) 1980-06-11
JPH0117880B2 (en) 1989-04-03
ATE6234T1 (en) 1984-03-15
DE2966687D1 (en) 1984-03-22
US4308224A (en) 1981-12-29
US4285744A (en) 1981-08-25

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