DE1621151C3 - Process for the galvanic production of a micro-cracked chrome coating on intermediate nickel layers - Google Patents

Process for the galvanic production of a micro-cracked chrome coating on intermediate nickel layers

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Publication number
DE1621151C3
DE1621151C3 DE1621151A DER0045725A DE1621151C3 DE 1621151 C3 DE1621151 C3 DE 1621151C3 DE 1621151 A DE1621151 A DE 1621151A DE R0045725 A DER0045725 A DE R0045725A DE 1621151 C3 DE1621151 C3 DE 1621151C3
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Prior art keywords
nickel
salts
acid
ammonium
bath
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Expired
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DE1621151A
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German (de)
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DE1621151B2 (en
DE1621151A1 (en
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Auf Nichtnennung Antrag
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Regie Nationale des Usines Renault
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Regie Nationale des Usines Renault
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Publication of DE1621151B2 publication Critical patent/DE1621151B2/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
    • C25D3/12—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
    • C25D5/12—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
    • C25D5/14—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium two or more layers being of nickel or chromium, e.g. duplex or triplex layers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
    • C25D5/605—Surface topography of the layers, e.g. rough, dendritic or nodular layers
    • C25D5/611—Smooth layers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
    • C25D5/625—Discontinuous layers, e.g. microcracked layers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/627—Electroplating characterised by the visual appearance of the layers, e.g. colour, brightness or mat appearance
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/934—Electrical process
    • Y10S428/935—Electroplating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12472—Microscopic interfacial wave or roughness
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12806—Refractory [Group IVB, VB, or VIB] metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12826—Group VIB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12847—Cr-base component
    • Y10T428/12854—Next to Co-, Fe-, or Ni-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur galvanischen Herstellung eines mikrorissigen Chromüberzuges auf Nickelzwischenschichten, die gegebenenfalls auf eine vorher galvanisch abgeschiedene Metallschicht aufgebracht sind, wobei vor dem Verchromen galvanisch bei einer Badhöchsttemperatur von 35° C und einer zwischen 1 und 15 A/dm2 liegenden Stromdichte eine Nickelzwischenschicht mit Hilfe eines in dem Hauptbestandteil Nickelchlorid, Nickelsulfamat oder Nickelfluoborat für sich bekannten wässerigen, sauren Nickelbades aufgebracht wird, welches zusätzlich Essigsäure, Nickelacetat, Glukonsäure, Nickelglukonat, Weinsteinsäure, Nickeltartrat, Ameisensäure, Nickelformiat, Malonsäure, Nickelmalonat, Milchsäure, Nickellactat, Zitronensäure, Nickelzitrat, Bernsteinsäure, Nickelsuccinat, Ammoniumacetat oder Mischungen davon enthält, nach Patent 14 96 9745.The invention relates to a method for the galvanic production of a micro-cracked chrome coating on intermediate nickel layers, which are optionally applied to a previously galvanically deposited metal layer, with a galvanic galvanic at a maximum bath temperature of 35 ° C and a current density between 1 and 15 A / dm 2 prior to chrome plating Nickel intermediate layer is applied with the aid of an aqueous, acidic nickel bath, which is known for its main component nickel chloride, nickel sulfamate or nickel fluorate, which additionally contains acetic acid, nickel acetate, gluconic acid, nickel gluconate, tartaric acid, nickel tartrate, formic acid, nickel formate, malonic acid, nickel malonate, lactic acid, citric acid Nickel citrate, succinic acid, nickel succinate, ammonium acetate or mixtures thereof, according to patent 14 96 9745.

Nach der Lehre des Hauptpatents enthalten die Bäder für rissig werdende Nickelschichten im wesentlichen ein Nickelsalz einer starken Säure, etwa Nickelchlorid, und ein Nickelsalz einer schwachen Säure, etwa der Essig-, Glukon-, Weinstein-, Ameisen-, Malon-, Zitronen- oder Bernsteinsäure. Um die Herstellungskosten solcher Bäder zu verringern und den Kostenaufwand für verschleppte Badbestandteile zu vermindern, hat man versucht, eine billigere Zusammensetzung dieser Bäder zu erreichen.According to the teaching of the main patent, the baths contain essentially cracked nickel layers a nickel salt of a strong acid, such as nickel chloride, and a nickel salt of a weak one Acid, such as acetic, gluconic, tartaric, formic, malonic, citric or succinic acid. To the To reduce manufacturing costs of such baths and the cost of dragged-out bath components to reduce, attempts have been made to achieve a cheaper composition of these baths.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß im Nickelbad die Nickelsalze der starken Säuren zu einem Teil und die Nickelsalze der schwachen Säuren ganz oder zum Teil durch Ammonium- oder Alkalisalze der entsprechenden Säuren substituiert sind.According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the nickel salts of the strong acids are added to the nickel bath a part and the nickel salts of the weak acids in whole or in part by ammonium or alkali salts the corresponding acids are substituted.

Vorteilhaft werden als Ammonium- oder AlkalisalzeAre advantageous as ammonium or alkali salts

ίο der starken Säuren Chloride, Fluoborate, Sulfamate und Sulfate des Natriums, Kaliums und Ammoniums oder Gemische von mindestens zweien dieser Salze gewählt. Die Ammonium- oder Alkalisalze der schwachen Säuren sind vorteilhafte Natrium-, Kalium- und Ammoniumsalze der Glukon-, Weinstein-, Malon-, Ameisen-, Milch-, Zitronen- und Bernsteinsäure sowie die Natrium- und Kaliumsalze der Essigsäure oder Gemische von mindestens zweien dieser Salze.ίο the strong acids chlorides, fluoborates, sulfamates and Sulphates of sodium, potassium and ammonium or mixtures of at least two of these salts are selected. The ammonium or alkali salts of the weak acids are beneficial sodium, potassium and Ammonium salts of gluconic, tartaric, malonic, formic, lactic, citric and succinic acids as well the sodium and potassium salts of acetic acid or mixtures of at least two of these salts.

Es ist bemerkenswert, daß durch Verändern der Konzentration der Komponenten des Bades, insbesondere des Anteils und der Art der schwachen Säure, je nach Wunsch ein engerer oder weiterer Verband der Netze zu erreichen ist, zu denen sich die Risse j zusammensetzen. Die Dichte der Risse läßt sich * außerdem durch Verändern des pH-Wertes des Bades und der Badtemperatur variieren. Ferner gestattet die Veränderung des Gehaltes an gelöstem Nickel veränderliche Werte der Stromdichte zu erreichen, so daß in Abhängigkeit von den vorhandenen Einrichtungen und der Gestalt der zu behandelnden Teile das wirtschaftlichste Bad für die Erzeugung der mit Mikrorissen versehenen Chromschichten zusammengestellt werden kann.
Aus der US-PS 23 51966 ist ein Elektrolytbad bekannt, das Nickelchlorid und Nickelacetat enthält. Mit Hilfe dieses Bades soll bei einer Badtemperatur von vorzugsweise zwischen 55 und 65°C eine Nickelschicht feinen Korngefüges, guten Aussehens und hoher Zähigkeit niedergeschlagen werden. Damit bestehen zu vorliegender Erfindung keine Berührungspunkte. Einerseits werden mit dem bekannten Elektrolytbad keine rissigen Nickelzwischenschichten niedergeschlagen und andererseits wird nicht die Lehre gegeben, aus Gründen der Wirtschaftlichkeit die Nickelsalze teilweise durch Ammonium- oder Alkalisalze zu ersetzen.It is noteworthy that, by changing the concentration of the components of the bath, in particular the proportion and type of weak acid, a closer or wider association of the networks to which the cracks j are composed can be achieved, as desired. The density of the cracks can also be varied by changing the pH of the bath and the bath temperature. Furthermore, changing the content of dissolved nickel allows variable values of the current density to be achieved, so that the most economical bath for the production of the micro-cracked chrome layers can be put together depending on the equipment available and the shape of the parts to be treated.
From US-PS 23 51966 an electrolyte bath is known which contains nickel chloride and nickel acetate. With the help of this bath, a nickel layer with a fine grain structure, good appearance and high toughness should be deposited at a bath temperature of preferably between 55 and 65 ° C. There are thus no points of contact with the present invention. On the one hand, no cracked intermediate nickel layers are deposited with the known electrolyte bath and, on the other hand, the teaching is not given to replace some of the nickel salts with ammonium or alkali salts for reasons of economy.

Das Ersetzen von Ammonium- oder Alkalisalzen starker oder schwacher Säuren durch Nickelsalze gleicher Säuren istinGray/Dettner »Neuzeitliche galvanische Metallabscheidung«, 1957, Seite 280, Abs. 3 und 4, beschrieben. Es findet also eine zu vorliegender Erfindung umgekehrte Substitution statt, wobei es allein um die Zugabe von Chloridionen ins Bad geht. Diesen Chloridionen fällt die Aufgabe wie Verbesserung der Anodenlöslichkeit, höhere zulässige kathodische Stromdichte, glattere, feinkörnigere, härtere und stärkere Niederschläge, geringere Neigung zur Bildung von Poren, Nadeln usw. zu. Gerade die Angabe »geringere Neigung zur Bildung von Poren« zeigt, daß ein der vorliegenden Erfindung entgegengesetzter Zweck angestrebt wird.The replacement of ammonium or alkali salts of strong or weak acids with nickel salts same acids is in Gray / Dettner "Modern Electroplating Metal Deposition", 1957, page 280, paragraph 3 and 4. There is thus a reverse substitution to the present invention, with it alone is about adding chloride ions to the bathroom. These chloride ions have the task of improving the Anode solubility, higher permissible cathodic current density, smoother, finer-grained, harder and stronger Precipitation, less tendency to form pores, needles, etc. too. Especially the statement »lesser The tendency towards the formation of pores shows that a purpose contrary to the present invention is being sought will.

Schließlich wird auf die FR-PS 8 30 993 verwiesen, die ein Elektrolytbad beschreibt, das Nickelchlorid, Ameisensäure und Natriumchlorid enthält. Auch hier ist man bestrebt, dicke, homogene und spannungsfreie Überzugs ge zu erzeugen. Man erhält dieses Resultat, indem man das Elektrolytbad mittels organischer Säuren, wie beispielsweise Ameisensäure, schwach sauer hält. Außerdem liegt die Badtemperatur nahe der Siedetem-Finally, reference is made to FR-PS 8 30 993, which describes an electrolyte bath, the nickel chloride, formic acid and contains sodium chloride. Here, too, the aim is to have a thick, homogeneous and tension-free coating ge to generate. This result is obtained by adding organic acids to the electrolyte bath, such as For example, formic acid, is weakly acidic. In addition, the bath temperature is close to the boiling point

peratur.temperature.

Beispiele für Badzusammensetzungen und Verfahrensbedingungen für die galvanische Herstellung eines mikrorissigen Chromüberzuges auf Nickelzwischenschichten sind nachfolgend aufgeführt, wobei die angegebenen Zahlen als Näherungswerte anzusehen sind:Examples of bath compositions and process conditions for electroplating a micro-cracked chrome coating on intermediate nickel layers are listed below, with the The figures given are to be regarded as approximate values:

Beispiel IExample I. 150 g/l150 g / l NickelchloridNickel chloride 50 g/l50 g / l NickelacetatNickel acetate 120 g/l120 g / l AmmoniumchloridAmmonium chloride 44th pH-WertPH value 1 bis 10 A/dm2 1 to 10 A / dm 2 StromdichteCurrent density 25° C25 ° C Temperaturtemperature 1 Min.1 min. Dauerduration etwa 300 Risse je cmabout 300 cracks per cm Dichte der RisseDensity of cracks Beispiel IIExample II 200 g/l200 g / l NickelchloridNickel chloride 100 g/l100 g / l GlukonsäureGluconic acid 150 g/l150 g / l AmmoniumchloridAmmonium chloride bis zum pH-Wert 3,5up to pH 3.5 Ammoniakammonia Ibis 15 A/dm2 Ibis 15 A / dm 2 StromdichteCurrent density 25° C25 ° C Temperaturtemperature 1 Min.1 min. Dauerduration etwa 500 Risse je cmabout 500 cracks per cm Dichte der RisseDensity of cracks

Beispiel IIIExample III

NickelchloridNickel chloride

AmmoniumacetatAmmonium acetate

AmmoniumchloridAmmonium chloride

pH-WertPH value

StromdichteCurrent density

Temperaturtemperature

Dauerduration

Dichte der RisseDensity of cracks

Beispiel IVExample IV

NickelchloridNickel chloride

AmmoniumacetatAmmonium acetate

AmmoniumchloridAmmonium chloride

pH-WertPH value

StromdichteCurrent density

Temperaturtemperature

Dichte der RisseDensity of cracks

Beispiel VExample V

NickelchloridNickel chloride

NatriumacetatSodium acetate

NatriumchloridSodium chloride

pH-WertPH value

StromdichteCurrent density

Temperaturtemperature

Dichte der RisseDensity of cracks

150 g/l150 g / l

50 g/l50 g / l

120 g/l120 g / l

3,5 bis3.5 to

Ibis 10 A/dm2 Ibis 10 A / dm 2

25° C25 ° C

1 Min.1 min.

etwa 700 Risse je cmabout 700 cracks per cm

150 g/l150 g / l

50 g/l50 g / l

120 g/l120 g / l

3,5 bis3.5 to

1 bis 15 A/dm2 1 to 15 A / dm 2

35° C35 ° C

etwa 500 Risse je cmabout 500 cracks per cm

150 g/l150 g / l

50 g/l50 g / l

150 g/l150 g / l

Ibis 10 A/dm2 Ibis 10 A / dm 2

25° C25 ° C

etwa 300 Risse je cmabout 300 cracks per cm

Alle genannten Bäder sind verträglich mit geeigneten Glanzbildner, wie sie bereits im Hauptpatent angegeben sind.All the baths mentioned are compatible with suitable brighteners, as already indicated in the main patent are.

Claims (3)

Patentansprüche:Patent claims: 1. Verfahren zur galvanischen Herstellung eines mikrorissigen Chromüberzuges auf Nickelzwischenschichten, die gegebenenfalls auf eine vorher galvanisch abgeschiedene Metallschicht aufgebracht sind, wobei vor dem Verchromen galvanisch bei einer Badhöchsttemperatur von 35°C und einer zwischen 1 und 15 A/dm2 liegenden Stromdichte eine Nickelzwischenschicht mit Hilfe eines in dem Hauptbestandteil Nickelchlorid, Nickelsulfamat oder Nickelfluoborat für sich bekannten wässerigen, sauren Nickelbades aufgebracht wird, welches zusätzlich Essigsäure, Nickelacetat, Glukonsäure, Nickelglukonat, Weinsteinsäure, Nickeltartrat, Ameisensäure, Nickelformiat, Malonsäure, Nickelmalonat, Milchsäure, Nickellaktat, Zitronensäure, Nickelzitrat, Bernsteinsäure, Nickelsuccinat, Ammoniumacetat oder Mischungen davon enthält, nach Patent P 14 96 974, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Nickelbad die Nickelsalze der starken Säuren zu einem Teil und die Nickelsalze der schwachen Säuren ganz oder zum Teil durch Ammonium- oder Alkalisalze der entsprechenden Säuren substituiert sind.1. Process for the galvanic production of a micro-cracked chrome coating on intermediate nickel layers, which may be applied to a previously galvanically deposited metal layer, with an intermediate nickel layer prior to chrome plating at a maximum bath temperature of 35 ° C and a current density between 1 and 15 A / dm 2 With the help of an aqueous, acidic nickel bath, known per se in the main constituent nickel chloride, nickel sulfamate or nickel fluorate, which additionally contains acetic acid, nickel acetate, gluconic acid, nickel gluconate, tartaric acid, nickel tartrate, formic acid, nickel formate, malonic acid, nickel malonate, lactic acid, nickel lactate, citric acid Contains succinic acid, nickel succinate, ammonium acetate or mixtures thereof, according to patent P 14 96 974, characterized in that in the nickel bath the nickel salts of the strong acids are partially and the nickel salts of the weak acids entirely or partially by ammonium or alkali salts of the corresponding acids are substituted. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Ammonium- oder Alkalisalze der starken Säuren Chloride, Fluoborate, Sulfamate und Sulfate des Natriums, Kaliums und Ammoniums oder Gemische von mindestens zweien dieser Salze gewählt werden.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the ammonium or alkali salts strong acids chlorides, fluoborates, sulfamates and sulfates of sodium, potassium and ammonium or mixtures of at least two of these salts can be selected. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 und/oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Ammonium- oder Alkalisalze der schwachen Säuren Natrium-, Kalium- und Ammoniumsalze der Glukon-, Weinstein-, Malon-, Ameisen-, Milch-, Zitronen- und Bernsteinsäure sowie die Natrium- und Kaliumsalze der Essigsäure oder Gemische von mindestens zweien dieser Salze gewählt werden.3. The method according to claim 1 and / or 2, characterized in that the ammonium or alkali metal salts of the weak acids sodium, potassium and ammonium salts of the gluconic, tartaric, malonic, Formic, lactic, citric and succinic acid as well as the sodium and potassium salts of acetic acid or mixtures of at least two of these salts can be selected.
DE1621151A 1964-10-12 1967-04-10 Process for the galvanic production of a micro-cracked chrome coating on intermediate nickel layers Expired DE1621151C3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR991133A FR1447970A (en) 1964-10-12 1964-10-12 Corrosion resistant decorative chrome deposits
FR996104A FR88318E (en) 1964-10-12 1964-11-24 Corrosion resistant decorative chrome deposits
FR3489A FR89217E (en) 1964-10-12 1965-01-27 Corrosion resistant decorative chrome deposits
FR11348A FR89657E (en) 1964-10-12 1965-03-31 Corrosion resistant decorative chrome deposits
FR57477A FR90417E (en) 1964-10-12 1966-04-13 Corrosion resistant decorative chrome deposits

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE1621151A1 DE1621151A1 (en) 1970-07-16
DE1621151B2 DE1621151B2 (en) 1978-03-23
DE1621151C3 true DE1621151C3 (en) 1978-11-23

Family

ID=27514668

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE1965R0041715 Granted DE1496974B2 (en) 1964-10-12 1965-10-07 PROCESS FOR THE ELECTRICAL PRODUCTION OF A MICRO-CRACKED CHROME COATING ON NICKEL INTERLAYERS
DE1621151A Expired DE1621151C3 (en) 1964-10-12 1967-04-10 Process for the galvanic production of a micro-cracked chrome coating on intermediate nickel layers

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE1965R0041715 Granted DE1496974B2 (en) 1964-10-12 1965-10-07 PROCESS FOR THE ELECTRICAL PRODUCTION OF A MICRO-CRACKED CHROME COATING ON NICKEL INTERLAYERS

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (3) US3388049A (en)
JP (2) JPS5024248B1 (en)
AT (1) AT276893B (en)
BE (2) BE670116A (en)
BR (1) BR6788420D0 (en)
CH (1) CH445999A (en)
DE (2) DE1496974B2 (en)
ES (1) ES339183A2 (en)
FR (5) FR1447970A (en)
GB (2) GB1122795A (en)
NL (2) NL140902B (en)
OA (1) OA117E (en)
SE (2) SE327875B (en)

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US2678908A (en) * 1951-07-26 1954-05-18 Eastman Kodak Co Method of forming ferrotyping surfaces
DE1176956B (en) * 1958-08-27 1964-08-27 Bosch Gmbh Robert Process for the multi-stage galvanic deposition of shiny nickel coatings
GB871276A (en) * 1959-02-26 1961-06-28 Hanson Van Winkle Munning Co Improvements in electrodeposition of nickel
NL121791C (en) * 1961-11-27
NL275167A (en) * 1962-02-23
GB1091526A (en) * 1963-07-24 1967-11-15 Canning & Co Ltd W Improvements in electrodeposition of chromium
US3471271A (en) * 1965-08-16 1969-10-07 Udylite Corp Electrodeposition of a micro-cracked corrosion resistant nickel-chromium plate

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JPS4827183B1 (en) 1973-08-20
BR6788420D0 (en) 1973-07-10
NL6704452A (en) 1967-10-16
BE670116A (en) 1966-01-17
DE1621151B2 (en) 1978-03-23
FR88318E (en) 1967-01-20
FR89657E (en) 1967-07-28
DE1496974A1 (en) 1969-12-18
SE327875B (en) 1970-08-31
US3620936A (en) 1971-11-16
GB1122795A (en) 1968-08-07
BE696105A (en) 1967-09-01
DE1496974B2 (en) 1971-11-04
FR1447970A (en) 1966-08-05
FR89217E (en) 1967-05-26
AT276893B (en) 1969-12-10
JPS5024248B1 (en) 1975-08-14
NL6513216A (en) 1966-04-13
SE335935B (en) 1971-06-14
NL140902B (en) 1974-01-15
DE1621151A1 (en) 1970-07-16
CH445999A (en) 1967-10-31
FR90417E (en) 1967-12-08
OA117E (en) 1970-12-15
ES339183A2 (en) 1968-04-16
US3759802A (en) 1973-09-18
GB1187843A (en) 1970-04-15
US3388049A (en) 1968-06-11

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