DE1584547A1 - Process for the production of precast concrete parts, associated device and concrete block manufactured according to this process - Google Patents

Description

Dr.-ing. Herbert Mossr " ₈₄

75 Karlsruhe, Eiilingerttraß * to March 3, 1969

■ "". ■ ~ A 273

Applicant; ' Heinrich Laier, Bruchsal

Process for the production of precast concrete parts, associated device and according to this process manufactured concrete block

The invention relates to a method for producing precast concrete parts, in particular concrete blocks, using an automatic molding machine moving in a lane, which fills the concrete mass to be molded from a storage container into molds, compresses it and places the finished concrete blocks on a flat surface. Also be a device for performing the method and a particularly favorable form of a concrete block specified for the production «,

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In the production of precast concrete parts, in particular of Hollow blocks, curbs and paving stones, automatic molding machines are known, which the in a storage container Convey the poured concrete mass in various selectable shapes, compact there and the finished concrete parts set it down on a level surface. During the production process, such a molding machine moves forward in the production path, and the precast concrete parts are placed one after the other on the floor surface. This molding machine Although it enables a considerable increase in production capacity, the advantage achieved is associated with a disadvantageous large space requirement in terms of work surface. , There The molded concrete blocks need a certain drying time, must for a rational operation on a large Terrain several production lines are placed next to each other, with the transport devices each the concrete blocks of the Take up the already dried web and thus free it for a renewed use of the molding machine. A Another disadvantage of the previously known manufacturing method is that the taking up of the finished concrete blocks specially adapted transport equipment and also requires too much time to accommodate the concrete blocks manufactured in one layer in sections.

In addition, the German patent specification 826 721 has already made multilayer production of concrete blocks known. The stones compacted in a common form grate hang after the form plate has been pulled away in the form grate and are lowered with this. After leaving

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lowering takes place through a relative movement between the Form rust, and on the surfaces of the concrete blocks overlying parts of a multiple stamp a stripping of the moldings from the mold grate. Carrying out this Manufacturing process encounters considerable in practice Trouble. First of all, during the stripping process, the Moldings a precise motion control of the heavy Form grate compared to the one with the compression device recorded multiple stamps required, which are difficult to bear under the conditions of practice Effort can be created. In addition, the briquettes fall after a corresponding movement path of the Form rust suddenly down compared to the multiple stamps and can be damaged in the process, as well as the prefabricated stones that have not yet sufficiently dried off the previous layer.

The invention is based on the task, the multilayer To improve manufacturing processes so that a flawless production with a relatively simple machine structure is made possible. In doing so, the discontinuation of the 'manufactured Stones can be placed in a relatively damp location without damage, i.e. after the machine has been used for a short distance to work. The invention is based on a molding machine which is arranged to be movable in a lane. The characteristic the invention is to be seen in the fact that the molding machine at the end of the lane to the beginning of the same lane is returned and adjusted in height so that the subsequently manufactured concrete blocks are demolded free-falling and to the one already set off between the lane

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■ fresh concrete blocks in at least two consecutive " lowing layers are deposited, with the surface of the last manufactured layer with a per se known mit * tel is occupied, which prevents the sticking of the subsequent moist concrete blocks, and that the length the lane of the molding machine is dimensioned so that the concrete blocks produced first are already so far on their Surface are dry so that they can pick up the following concrete blocks falling on them Such a manufacturing process can be carried out without major changes with the already known molding machines. These are only for height adjustment and for To train direction and motion control with the constructive means known per se Free-falling demoulding does not require any relative movement between the grate-shaped mold and the multiple punch resting on the surface of the moldings the machine is particularly easy to train

In a further embodiment of the new method, the lane of the molding machine can expediently be arranged in a channel, which after completion of the production in several Layers are at least partially sealed airtight, preferably covered. Then it can be used in the sewer space a vaporous medium, in particular water vapor, flows in. This will significantly shorten the Dry time reached.

The selection of the means which are applied to the surface of the last finished layer appears to be of particular importance

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must be applied in order to prevent the subsequent damp concrete blocks from sticking. Basically is It should be noted that the route should be of sufficient length ensures that when the molding machine is returned, the previous production layer has already dried out superficially, which reduces the risk of sticking to the subsequent moist concrete blocks. The firm adhesion can be caused by sand-like grit as well as by oily substances, and also by film-like or sheet-like material Intermediate layers are prevented. Also appears as grit the use of sawdust is appropriate. You can also - "spray the surface of the stones with Sehal oil or use paper or plastic film interlayers. In general, required that the sticking preventing agent is relatively cheap and can be easily removed from the surface of the finished concrete blocks without extensive waste occurring at the production site or during delivery to the construction site, the additional costly require manual work. From this point of view, the use of shaped bodies appears expedient non-wettable plastic, preferably wide-meshed plastic grids. These moldings can be used as plates cut or used in the form of a tape body will. They remain between the finished concrete blocks and reduce the risk of damage when Transport. The thickness of such intermediate layers will generally be about 2 to 3 mm. In individual cases Values that deviate from this, in particular larger values, may also be expedient.

To form the known molding machines for

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Carrying out the new manufacturing process, it appears expedient to adjust the height of the molding machine in the column guide and lock it in the individual height positions do. When adjusting the height, make sure that the concrete blocks of a subsequent layer are above the already manufactured layer only a low height of fall of about 2 to 5 mm, so that damage to the concrete blocks that have already been made by the falling damp concrete blocks is avoided

Because the molding machine to achieve superimposed If positions in the lane have to be controlled very precisely, it appears expedient to provide recesses adapted to the wheels of the molding machine, which engage in a rail profile, although this is also used in the interest of universal usability of the molding machine to carry out the previous procedure should be given on a level basis. Of the various possible It appears expedient to use circumferential grooves in the form of circular segments in cross-section in the wheels of the molding machine to be provided, which are passed through profile parts of the rail profile which are also circular segment-shaped in cross-section. When designing the rail profile and the running rails, care must be taken that the floor surface is flat is adjusted as little as possible by protruding parts, which the use of the transport equipment, especially the known forklift truck. /

In order to simplify the production process, a training seems appropriate in which between the two rails

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Transport plates, preferably placed on support rails embedded in the floor surface, which are for receiving the finished concrete blocks at such a height above the floor surface ¹ that the transport plates can be gripped and transported by the transport devices known per se. Such transport plates can be constructed in various ways. In a recommended embodiment, the transport plates are composed of planed, impregnated boards and have metal profiles, preferably U-shaped, encompassing the edges as fittings on at least two parallel sides. A favorable dimension consists in a width of the transport plates of approx. 1.20 m in connection with a height of approx. 1.10 m measured in the direction of the running rails, the thickness of the transport plates being approx. 5 cm.

Since even with precise control of the molding machine, which is guided several times in the same travel path, there is the risk that the concrete blocks that are repelled in each case cant when they fall freely and that the newly formed concrete blocks or their own edges Damage the edges of the concrete blocks that have already been set off, it seems appropriate to break at least the upper edges of the concrete blocks with a bevel of about 3 mm so that the The risk of edge damage is reduced because it allows the sand applied to the joints to be flushed in and therefore ensures that the joints are reliably filled.

"in the drawing is an exemplary embodiment of a molding machine for carrying out the method according to the invention

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shown schematically in a partially sectioned side view.

One recognizes a greatly simplified molding machine 1, of which only those parts of the mold assembly of interest in connection with the invention are shown. The remaining Parts of the arrangement, e.g. storage vessels for the concrete mass, as well as supply and control devices, correspond the already widely known embodiments.

A replaceable mold 2 is inserted into the molding machine 1, which enables a plurality of rectangular concrete blocks 3 to be formed at the same time. The concrete blocks 3 are placed on a Mold plate 4 formed by the punch-like upper mold parts 5, which can be displaced in height on a guide rod 6 Cross head? are appropriate. On the cross head 7 and on the mold plate 4 are high-frequency vibrators 8,9 and 10,11 arranged. The locking and height adjustment the form 2 is carried out by spring-loaded support pins 12,13, which through corresponding recesses 14,15 in columnar support parts 16,17 reach through and one enable defined height adjustment.

The mold plate 4 lies with nose-shaped projections 18, 19 on cam parts 20,21 and is to release the underside of the mold during the ejection process in the direction of two running rails 22, 23 which determine the direction of movement, the Runways 22, 23 are embedded in the floor 26 with anchors 24, 25.

At the lower ends of the column-like support elements 16, 17

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are located on wheel mounts 27,28 wheels 29,30, which are on , their driving surface with recesses 31,32 of circular segment-shaped Cross-section are provided and cooperate with adapted surfaces of the running rails 22,23.

In the structural design, several column-like support elements 16, 17 are advantageously located on the molding machine in FIG Direction of travel one behind the other. Likewise, on each column-like support element 16, 17 in the wheel mounts 27, 28 two or several wheels 29,30 be attached.

- Between the rails 22,23 26 support rails are in the floor 33, 34, on which several transport plates 35 rest one behind the other in the direction of travel. the Transport plates 35 consist of impregnated wooden boards and have their sides facing the wheels 29, 30 Fitting parts 36,37, which are designed as U-profile iron the edges of the transport plates 35 include and against damage protect when picking up by the transport device * On the surface of the transport plates 35 are shown in the Embodiment six layers of already manufactured Concrete blocks 38 shown. Between the individual layers there is an intermediate layer 39, which the gluing the damp concrete blocks 3 prevented. After a corresponding number of layers of the A forklift picks up concrete blocks with adapted pick-up device on the steamed-up edges the transport plates 35 and sets them down on the provided base.

A wide variety of types of concrete blocks, preferably paving blocks, can be produced using the specified method

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also manufacture pumice stones if necessary · The manufacturing process appears machine-technical and with regard to the Working hours are particularly efficient and can be carried out largely independently.

With the specified free-falling demoulding, extensive tests did not reveal any inadmissible damage to the falling concrete blocks or to the previously relatively moist ones manufactured location has been observed. As an explanation for this process it can be assumed that after pre-vibrating the concrete blocks with the stamp-like molded parts 5, which engage the mold 2, a seal of the upper The edge area occurs through penetrated concrete slurry. This forms above the one that slides out during demolding Stones a sealed space in which the piston-like movement of the stones creates a negative pressure. As a result, the fall of the damp stones is slowed down considerably, so that the acceleration of the free fall motion appears largely balanced.

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Claims (1)

Claims 1, method of making τοπ precast concrete parts, in particular of concrete blocks, using an automatic molding machine that can be moved in a lane, which fills the concrete mass to be shaped from a storage container into forms, compacts it, and the finished ones Concrete blocks are deposited from the molds on a flat surface, thereby g e k e η η ζ e i c hn e t that the molding machine at the end of the lane returned to the beginning of the same lane and such is adjusted in height that each subsequently manufactured concrete blocks are demolded free-falling and on the already Fresh concrete blocks placed between the lane be deposited in at least two successive layers, with the surface of the last one produced Location Mt elüsm proven means known per se is, which prevents the sticking of the subsequent wet concrete blocks, and that the The length of the lane is dimensioned so that the first manufactured Concrete blocks have already dried so far on their surface that they can pick up the following concrete blocks falling on them. 2. The method according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e characterize t that the lane of the molding machine (1) is arranged in a channel, which after completion the multilayer production is at least partially hermetically sealed and with a vaporous medium, especially water vapor. -12 -., '... 009830/0532 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the means for preventing sticking is a grit. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that that sawdust is used as grit. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the agent for preventing sticking is an oily substance, preferably formwork oil, is. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for preventing the Film-like or sheet-like intermediate layers are adherent. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that that moldings made of non-wettable plastic, preferably wide-meshed plastic grids, are provided. 8. Molding machine to carry out the process according to a One or more of Claims 1 to 7 », characterized in that the molding machine (1) known per se is height-adjustable in column guides (16, 17) and can be locked at the individual altitudes. 9. Molding machine according to claim 8, characterized in that the molding machine known per se ■ -13-009830 / 0532 . ID for moving in the lane on a rail profile : has adapted wheels (29,30), which preferably also can be used on a level basis. 1NC * molding machine according to claim 9, characterized ge characterizing ζ η h eic et that the baths comprise (29,30) circumferential grooves (31,32) with kreissegmentförmigemQuerschnitt which are guided in rail profiles having also a circular segment cross-section. 11. Molding machine according to claim 8, characterized in that g e -kenn ζ e lehne t that between two rails (22,23) transport plates (35) preferably on in the Support rails (33, 34) embedded in the floor area are that for receiving the finished concrete blocks (38) in such a height above the bottom surface (26) that the transport plates (35) can be gripped and transported by a transport device known per se. 12 »Molding machine according to claim 11, dadurelgek e η η ζ e ic h η e t that the transport plates (35) composed of impregnated wooden boards and preferably U-shaped on at least two parallel sides the bands encompassing metal profile parts (36,37) are fogged. 13 ^ Betonetein, produced according to a process accordingly one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized it indicates that the upper edges of the concrete blocks are broken. 009830/0532 fr Blank page