DE1509173A1 - Method and device for manufacturing structural bodies reinforced with fibers - Google Patents

Description

Method and apparatus for producing with fibers

reinforced structures

The invention relates to the distribution or distribution and the use of fibrous material. In particular, relates they propose a method and a device for dispensing. fibrous material in random distribution to reinforce a basic mass that makes up the fiber material is added «

In particular, the invention relates to an improvement in Invention which is the subject of application in the United States of America Serial No. 672 723 dated July 18, 1957, now U.S. Patent No. 3,054,732, is * the present application however, it is not limited to the scope of the particular invention discussed in U.S. Patent 3,034,732. Rather, it can be used generally for the dispensing of fibrous pressurized material either in conjunction with any known dispensing device for liquid cement » like material or without it.

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The main object of the invention is to provide an improved Device for feeding the fibrous material under pressure to the dispenser or spray gun create »This device should take the form of a pressure vessel for the fiber material that is dispensed from the container to the spray gun »

Another feature of the present invention consists in that means are provided by which the fibrous material can be reduced or during passage through the gun parts _o The material may, therefore, either in divided form or in the form of a continuous thread are given in the it is usually also suppliedο

Another essential feature of the invention is to provide an improved valve device with that the flow of fibrous material through the gun can be controlled ".

The method and device according to the invention are particularly characterized by the simplicity of execution and design, by usable and reliable way of working and by the fact that they are particularly economical Manufacture of the device are suitable o

According to the invention a vessel is provided, which are hermetically sealed and accommodate a coil of raw or pre-fibers can _u In the vessel compressed air is introduced, which pulls out the Faservorgespipat to Abg'abe from the vessel through an outlet opening ₀ The

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\ Outlet opening is connected by a line to a control device which is separated from the vessel * This control apparatus includes a valve the outflow of ft! ", And fibers from the boiler causes or" finished

In a further embodiment, the invention comprises the formation of a structural body, for the production of which first structural elements be stacked free-standing one on top of the other in a thickness of one element so that they are on opposite sides Have surfaces of the desired design «On each of these surfaces, cereal-like material is sprayed at simultaneous swirling spraying of the continuous fiber sliver, which is in the cementitious material random depositun @ 6eiraischto This will be on everyone Surface of the stack formed a monolithic, reinforced layer, which the distribution of acting on the stack Relieves pressure loads over the entire area covered by the monolithic layer,

Other advantages and features of the invention emerge from the following description in connection with FIG the attached drawings-, They show:

Fig. 1 is a side view of a system according to the present Invention in which the spray device with the pressurized container connected for the material to be distributed and which is at the same time provided with means to the To attach spray device to a delivery nozzle for cementitious material, the nozzle in

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dotted line and the container is shown partially in section »

Pig, FIG. 2 shows a side view of the cutting device provided on the spray device, its cover plate is omitted.

Pig. Fig. 3 is a partially sectioned side view the improved valve in the closed position,

Pig. 3a one of the pig. 3 similar representation of the valve in the open position,

Pig. 4 shows a section through a preferred embodiment of the pressure chamber for the fibrous material,

Pig. 5 shows the reduced representation of a cross section along the line 5-5 of FIG.

6 shows a modified embodiment of a guide device and the compressed air inlet,

Flg. 7 shows a section through a with a control device; fitted fiber spray gun and

8 shows the representation of a new method for production of a structure in which bricks are initially laid dry on top of each other and then followed by one made of cement and fiber rovings manufactured ceiling are held.

The spray device according to the invention is shown in Pig. I arranged on a device, the one outlet nozzle 10 at the end of a pipe or a

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Has line 11, which in turn through a hose 12 to a storage container for liquid cement-like material is connected · A line 13 provided with a valve 14 is used to supply compressed air and is connected to the Nozzle 10 connected so that the cementitious material is expelled from the nozzle under considerable pressure can be. These components are described in USPS 3,034,732. The present invention is particularly useful for use with such a nozzle arrangement, but is not limited thereto and may as well be used together with other, already known means for distributing cementitious material or also for distribution alone of fibrous material can be used.

The spray device or gun for dispensing and applying fibrous material is common with the Reference numeral 15 denotes and has a control valve 16 which is provided with an inlet 17 and an outlet 18 is ο With Pussteile 19 and brackets 20 daa whole valve be attached to line 11 *,

The outlet 18 of the valve 16 can be directly connected to a Jet pipe or a nozzle 21 are in connection, which is substantially parallel to the nozzle 10 and over this protrudes, so that the fiber material that comes from the Bise 21 is released, in which cement ejected from the nozzle 10 is embedded, so as to the building structure to be produced strengthen"

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The inlet 17 of the valve 16 is connected to a flexible hose 22, which at an outlet nipple 23 of a Hermetically sealed pressure vessel 24 is connected. The container 24 holds the fibrous material, preferably in the form of a continuous strand, as indicated at 25, the material being wound onto rolls 26 is.

The inside of the container 24 is accessible by removing a cover 27, which is held firmly in place by clamps 28 or similar means. The interior of the container is pressurized with compressed air, which flows through an inlet pipe 29 _o The inlet pipe is on the container 24 preferably arranged at a point remote from the outlet nipple 23 and equipped with a control valve 30. The pipe 29 is connected to a compressed air source; the resulting pressure in the container ensures that the fiber material is discharged from the container through the hose 22 and the valve 16 under pressure through the nozzle 21, as indicated at 31.

The container 24 is designed to hold two or more rolls 26 of the fiber material and preferably has one or more partition walls 32 which divide the interior space into compartments 33 for holding the respective rolls of the material The supply to be taken from a roll is exhausted o The fiber material 25 runs through guide eyes 34 on the underside of the cover 2 *

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through and over the upper edge of the partition wall 32, see Figure I _9, which has such a distance from the lid that all compartments of the container are connected to one another *

The valve 16 shown in FIGS. 3 and 3a is set up for rotary operation and has a segment-shaped valve member 35 which can be rotated by a handle 36 and, when the valve is opened, see FIG. 3a, releases the valve inlet and outlet openings 17a and 18a . Xn the closed position of the valve, see Figo 3 "covers the valve member 35, the Auelaßöffnung 18a and prevents the Durohgang of fibrous material and compressed air through the valve to the JMB & 21» During closing the valve, the edge 35a of the valve member 35 is a shear across the opening 18a moves and separates or cuts the fiber material which passes through the valve o The valve 16 therefore not only controls the flow of the material, but also acts as a cutting or separating device for the fiber materialo

The fiber material is fed through the spray device in the form of a continuous strand, which is for the Construction of walls in most cases leads to satisfactory results · In some cases, however, it may be desirable to use the fiber material in sections or chopped up, i.e. "in the form of short-cut fibers to distribute «For these cases, the spray device can be provided with a cutting device 37, which is a has vertical, elongated housing 38, which with a

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Saddle 39 on its underside and by means of screws 40 can be attached to the already mentioned Düee 10

The lower portion of the housing 38 is axially aligned lying nipples 41, 42 on which the valve outlet 18 or, the jet pipe 21 connects. A chopping block 45 is arranged in the housing slightly below the height of the nipple 41, 42, and is thus under the path of the fiber material, which goes from valve 16 to nozzle 21

The housing 38 also contains a solenoid 44 having a reciprocating armature 45 'at its lower end A chopping knife 46 is attached, which can engage in a transversely straightened groove 47 which is formed in the Haokblook 43. The top of the anchor is slidable through a horizontal partition 48 of the exact hindu led and carries a compression spring 49, which is held thereon by means of a washer §Ö and a nut 51 · Die Spring 49 pushes armature 45 upwards; when excited However, coil 44 is waiting for the armature to be calibrated. The action of the solenoid is done by a $ 2 holder on the Top of the housing controlled · The electric current is fed to the holder and the solenoid via a wire from one source of intermittent or pulsating Current listed, so that when the solenoid is switched on, the armature 4 $ is quickly moved back and forth and the chopping knife 46, which interacts with the blook 43, the Paper material in kuree sections sersohneideto

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Baa housing 38 has a plug 54 and a removable one lateral cover plate 55, so that the interior of the Gehftuses is suggestive.

Since the flexible hose 22 and the conduit connector 53 represent the former connections required for the work of the spray device, the spray device can be handled freely as a Ctanses in connection with the _{device consisting of the parts 10, 9,} 11, 13. The described arrangement for distributing the fiber material can be controlled within an additional volume that can be changed between Bull and the roll output; if the supply of the cement material is controlled at the same time, there is a wide range within which the composition of the mixture can be effectively changed.

In the example after .KLg. 1, the cement spray gun is connected to the fiber spray device to form a structure. The distribution of lasers can, however, also take place independently of any cementing process. It has been found that the control of the distribution of glass fiber rovings and similar materials according to the invention can be carried out in such a way that "this results in a particularly adaptable mode of operation, flg. 4 shows an improved, preferred embodiment of a pressure vessel * that has a coil with glass fiber roving and especially suitable for the distribution of fiber roving

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1st. The relatively deep vessel 70 let with inside sloping walls and a flat floor «. Of the The diameter of the vessel 70 is preferably greater than the durometer of the bobbin with the roving, e.g. Coil 71 'so that this coil can be inserted into and removed from the vessel without difficulty can · The coil 71 is wound in such a way that the torrent can be withdrawn from the inner wall 72 of the coil · The Roving strand 73 essentially contains a bundle parallel, untwisted, separated glass fiber strands or similar material · Glass fiber rovings are im Commercially available in spools made from bundles of 20, 30, 100 or 200 strands are wound. The special features of the control for the distribution of roving, which have different numbers of strands depend to a certain extent on the bundle size as explained below.

The vessel 70 is at the top for the purpose of sealing with a Shoulder 76 “The vessel also has an outwardly extending rib which is divided into segments which cooperates with closing means which are formed on a cover 78. The cover 78 is in detail provided with an inwardly extending lip 79 which is divided into segments. As Fig. 5 shows, grab the ribs 77 and 79 into each other, after placing and rotating the lid on the vessel 70, the ribs 77 and 79 engage with each other. A seal 80

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lies in an annular recess 81 of the cover 78, 80 that the seal is pressed against the shoulder 76 after the lid has been locked on the vessel 70.

The lid comes with a blow-out seal or plug The design and arrangement of the stopper depends on the pressures that are used in the system in question In addition, a fluid channel is formed which consists of a threaded bushing 86 and a supply line 87 through which compressed air or Pressurized gas can be introduced into the vessel 70. The socket 86 is screwed into the cover 78; an Asu set piece 88 is on the inside of the lid on the threaded extension of the socket 86 is » The extension piece 88 has a knee, with the help of which the. Direction of the compressed air flow so deflected becomes that it runs parallel to the inner surface of the lid. This prevents the flow acting directly on the coil 70 and the strand 73, which is from the bobbin 71 is unwound.

In the upper section of the vessel 70 is a guide 90 arranged for the fiber material «The guide 90 has to this illustration the shape of a V-shaped yoke, the legs of which are bioh of fastening tabs 91 and 92 extending upward and toward the center of the vessel 70, the apex generally in the region of the axis of the Vessel 70 lies. The guide 70 consists of one

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rigid wire with a smooth surface. It significantly reduces the risk of disruption or confusion in the fiber range

The strand 73 is looped over the guide 90 and then through an outlet socket 95, which was inserted into the wall of the vessel 70 is screwed. From the socket 95 leads away a flexible, attached to the socket

Hose 96. For the passage of the strand 73 is the

KaJIaJ. Bush 95 is provided with an axially arranged IL * ">:» - «·, whose inlet opening is rounded and smooth, so that the fibers are not subject to any significant friction when entering the socket. In Fig. 6 a modified embodiment of a guide 90a is shown, which consists of an oasis, which is held by a wave-shaped bent wire attached to the wall of the vessel 70 over the coil axis Wall of the vessel 70 arranged and v / eist inside a deflection 88a, which ensures that the compressed air on the wall. _; of the vessel 70 flows into the interior ο

The fibers are fed through the tube 96 a spray gun such as that shown in Fig. 7, for example is »JSine such spray gun works over each time long periods of time and therefore depends in its mode of operation on the type of control that is on the Flow of the Faeerstranges 73 is exercised. When unwinding

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▼ on fiber strands there are now small sections or Shorter lengths of the glass fibers with the strands sprinkled between the coiled strands. The movement continues of the fiber strands at relatively high speeds to the fact that electrostatic charges in the system arise, which promotes the tendency that fragments and short lengths of fiberglass in the dispensing opening is increased the socket 95 collect. Such fragments can therefore clog the opening and the even Flow of fibers can be interrupted o

The monitoring of the work process is now much more when the coil 71 is a suitable substance added ο Preferably vorgesehsn a lubricant for the fiber material in the form of talcum powder simplified. According to FIG. 4, the coil 71 is placed on the bottom of the vessel 3 70. Talcum powder is then poured in in such an amount that the central space of the bobbin and the space around the bobbin is approximately filled up to a height 74 is covered with talc when it is withdrawn from the spool, which lubricates the fiber as it passes through the tube 96. In addition, the talcum powder helps to remove any electrostatic charges that can be seen on the fiber strand as it moves through the vessel 8 ammeInο

In a further embodiment of the invention, the hand

We also took care of the preliminary plans be »that the bobbin with the pasers from impregnated with the lubricant from the start and this is evenly distributed over the entire spool · Except Talcum powder have also been used with success. Other lubricants are used as an example Asbestos called "carbon and powdered aluminum." By incorporating these substances into the coil itself, it can be ensured that they are in certain “der Paser amount withdrawn from the bobbin are dispensed corresponding amounts. In those systems where the fibers in a basic size of cementitious material should be incorporated, which is applied by spraying or in other quiet, can ohemisohe Additives such as catalysts, foaming agents or hardeners or inorganic binders such as lime are distributed along with the fiber material. This will not only The handling of the fiber itself is facilitated by promoting the lubrication and the dissipation of static charges, but instead, according to this embodiment of the invention, constituents of the final components can also be used Mass can also be distributed c

Which is preferably uniform across the fiber material distributed chemicals can either accelerate or prevent the foaming or on another Acting process that is supposed to take place in the mass in which the pasers are stored. That’s done

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the formation of the Faßerβpulβ a control option given

You in Pig. Controllable Spritspietöle 1st shown in FIG through the hose 96 to the vessel 70, Flg. 4, connected. The hose 96 is connected to a socket 100 which is part of a channel leading through the spray gun 101. Am poppet valve 102, which is operated by a The handle 103 can be rotated, is arranged in a cylindrical opening of the pistol housing 101 and enables the flow of the fibers in the opening position through the channel 104 · From the front end of the housingβ 101 a pipe 103 goes off, which is the continuation of the channel 104 forms up to the dispensing opening 10 1.

The duct leading through the valve 102 is in the generally cylindrical, but widened on the downstream side 102a prevents small fiber waste from being cut be when the valve is closed «The closure of the valve is activated by moving the handle 103 reached in the direction of arrow 103a «, the edge 102b of the valve is used to separate the fibers when the valve is closed. However, since the diametrically opposite edge of the channel is cut away and rounded in the area 102a, the trailing edge can j & de the fiber mass the way through the DUsenabohnitt 105 continue to exit so that the gun is free and

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is ready for the production of a new Fuser stream when the valve is reopened

JSe requires the valve to be in the closed position is practically pressure-tight ο Otherwise an outflow of air would lead to the fiber strands would accumulate in channel 96 in the vicinity of the valve, so that the operation would be disturbed when it is resumed would..

The socket 100 is a smoothed entry section which is formed by the rounding 100a. In addition, each connecting piece is rounded in the same way, so that the mechanical stress on the glass fibers during passage to the lowest possible level is decreased. This also prevents the formation of fragments in the canal which could otherwise interfere with the flow through the canal *

Fig. 8 shows the production of a load-bearing wall using the method according to the invention. The wall 120 is constructed from concrete blocks or similar components without the need to Add mortar between the blocks. The components are only dry with some suitable preparation. direction or stacked by hand It is only necessary that the stack is self-supporting is or is temporarily maintained in some other way. After stacking the items, the two become opposite outer sides with a concrete or

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cementitious mix sprayed, an existing from the Faeersträngen 73 of Figo 4 compound is injected in the same time "is through hardened, when the thus reinforced cement layer, the V / and Tragelgeneohaften to exceed the ones walls made by the ordinary way" The resulting structural strength is greater than if the stones had been bricked up using the usual method. “The reason for this is that the outer surfaces of the wall are covered with the reinforced concrete layer, which adheres firmly to the wall and forms a structure with it. At the same time, the reinforcing fibers in the concrete layer ensure that the stresses are distributed over the entire wall surface, so that the local action of strong stress forces, which could possibly exceed the load-bearing capacity of the wall, remains extremely low.

Xn Fig. 8 "The wall made of stacked blocks extends along the edge of a concrete slab 121" The blocks are arranged evenly with staggered joints, but can also be stacked on any other path if they are reinforced until the application of the reinforced Concrete layer remain free ₀ The inside of the wall is covered by a holding layer.

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will lead. If desired or required, a Auxiliary air line 126 used to manage the distribution and to facilitate the application of the cement to the wall surface.

Fig. 8, the apparatus for addition of the reinforcing fibers in the manufacture of the layer 122β shown in Figo 6 ₀ shows the apparatus includes a vessel 70, in which the compressed air line 67 ends in the side wall of the vessel, corresponding to the outgoing from the vessel 70 line 96 serves to convey the glass fibers with an air stream to the control valve 101 _o in the practice of the process of the valves 101 and 124 are in communication with each other so that they form a single Mnheit double control function, "such a unit is shown in Figure" I and enables the cement and fiber feed to be controlled by a single worker »

Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 8, the fiber and cement spray guns can be operated separately and by two workers. who coordinate their work to apply a layer of cement to the wall surface with a suitable amount of fibers embedded therein. Because of this, the fibers are _{deposited in a completely random (} distribution within the cement layer 122 "

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of walls made of blocks or bricks stacked on top of one another using the method described here leads to load properties that cannot be achieved by building bricks. That is based on the fact that the monolayer 122 combines with the elements of the wall and over the wall Their entire inner and outer surface is reinforced »This means that loads and tensions can be spread across the entire structure be distributed. E.g. the wall made of stacked blocks is more resistant to Shear forces and damage to foundations caused by girder loads that are usually applied to individuals Sections of the wall occur »those after the The wall produced in accordance with the invention can absorb and withstand greater load-bearing loads than a conventional one Masonry wall, as the new wall looks like a monolithic structure, although it is fundamentally is made of separate elements such as the bricks shown in Fig. β During construction The wall can also use broken blocks and bricks and second-rate construction elements that are used for the usual construction are not usable. The practical result is an extremely economical construction, which leads to significantly better dynamic and static properties. After the procedure you can Various external surface treatments with regard to color and structure can also be carried out o

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The surface of a layer 122 can be provided with many different overlays, either by applying them together with the surface 122, or by plastering, painting over or spraying the outer surface To connect the wall with the application of a final cement block o This block can be made by simply spraying cement on the wall Absorbing downdrafts without further reinforcement of the wall body ₀

The cost of erecting such a wall is much lower than for the production in the usual brick-wall method, in which mortar is placed between the individual bricks with a trowel. A certain wall decal can also be soldered faster than in the plain construction and shows not only a greater resistance to the load from girders 140 and 141, but also to lateral impact forces, since the tensions are increased over the very "" duroh fibers Sohioht 122 distribute ₀

When carrying out the method shown in FIG. 8, for the production of the cement base mass the Layer 122 a concrete piling proved ale useful, which are listed in the table below

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1509173 Components contains: Portland cement 56.634 dm ⁵ Polyvinyl alcohol 2.722 kg e.g. filvanol Grade 51-05 of the Du Pout company, Wilmington, Delaware or of a similar nature Perlite concrete filler 56.634 dm ³ 0.18 kg / dm ³ Perlite surcharge 60-40 56.634 dm ³ Standard Gipa plastering sand 84,951 dm ⁵ Fly ash 5.443 kg What »w 64.35 ltr.

This results in a slight mixture with a modulus of elasticity in the order of 1.4 «10 4.2 ο 10 ^ kg / om · Because of this proportionate With a low modulus of elasticity and alcohol content, the mixture is compatible with fiberglass strands

In one embodiment of the method, a first layer was made from such a mixture along with about 0.122-0.146 kg / cm of the fiberglass mass in the form of a continuous roving strand «The Dioke of the first The layer was thus 4 »762 - 6.350 mm» Thereupon was a completely identically formed, equally thick one second layer applied to both surfaces of the wall 120 " Finally the wall surface was covered with a thin covering layer aut * the concrete mowing alone, without addition

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the fibers, provided

The cement given in the table has been found to be useful, the components in the various locations can be adjusted to the locally available surcharges other cementitious materials, such as resins or synthetic cements, can also be used The core of the wall is made from blocks or bricks other than the concrete blocks shown in Fig. 8 » The material used for the core of the wall is generally determined by the requirements placed on the Load capacity in the vertical direction and on the insulation o The load-bearing layer 122 from the with Glass fiber reinforced concrete ensures the necessary bending and compressive strength o

The wall according to Figo 8 is a vertical wall on her final place has been erected »For non-load-bearing walls, a simple screen can be used which is made from Chicken wire or gev / ebbed mesh paper or expanded metal, as it is commonly called "lathers diamond mesh "is used to denote the construction of walls generally by erecting a suitable mold on one side or on both sides a load-bearing layer is applied that absorbs both vertical and lateral loads and distributed,

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Claims (1)

Claims Method sum production of reinforced with fibers structures, in which consisting of several strands, continuous fiber rovings from one Supply coil go through a flow channel hinduroh eu a dispensing device, thereby identified « but that the coil is held in an area under excess pressure, that the channel connecting this area to the dispensing device is under increased pressure, and that after opening the dispensing device, the raw spun from the spool through the flow channel is measured by means of the air flowing through the discharge opening ο 2ο method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the Vorgespinststränge by changing the direction of movement between the coil and the confluence of the container in the flow channel under Tension can be maintained. 3 · Method according to claims 1-2, characterized by that the roving strands from the center of the bobbin be moved upwards, with the sharp change in direction at a distance from the coil Point takes place. 4 «Device for distributing and controlling one off - 24 -809813/0878 a » continuous flow of fiber rovings, in particular a device for carrying out the method according to claims 1-3, characterized by a nozzle (21) for the fiber material and a sealed container (24) for receiving a supply (26) of the fiber material in the form of a continuous strand (25 ) »wherein the container has a supply line (29) for compressed air and a line connection (22) for connection to the nozzle (21), so that that unfragmented, continuous fiber material in the compressed air stream through the container towards the nozzle wirdo promoted '■ · ■ · .. 5 «Device according to claim 4, characterized in that that in the line connection (22) in the area of the nozzle (21) for controlling the air and the fiber-like Material formed flow a valve (16) is provided. 6ο device according to claim 5, characterized in that that the valve has a valve cone (102) which is rotatable about a perpendicular to the Ströjmingskanal arranged lying axis and one on the canal ausrioht.t »Ärf> Has opening, the valve cone on aer the upstream side of the channel one sharp delimiting edge and one rounded on the downstream side of the channel formed border section has " 7ο device according to claim 4-6, characterized by - 25 - 809813/0 878 The fact that the elongated container (70), which holds a wound supply of fiber material in its bottom section, can be closed with a lid (76) which, like the container, has means (76, 80, 81) for producing a hermetic seal , wherein the container (70) is provided with an outlet (95) and an inlet (86) to which a supply line (87) for compressed air is connected from the outside and a deflection device (88) is arranged on the inside ο 8. Apparatus according to claim 4-7, characterized in that from the inner wall of the container (70) over the fiber supply (71) a resilient guide (9O; 9Oa) extended to the middle of the container 9ο device naoh claim 7-8, characterized in that that the inlet section of the outlet (95) has a funnel-shaped widening with a smooth surface. 10 _o . Device according to. Claim 7-9, characterized in that the outlet (95) _{lies in the upper part of the container (70) 1} , the line (96) connecting the outlet to the nozzle (21j105). 11, device according to claim 4-10, characterized in that that the nozzle for distributing the grain of fibers is designed as a spray gun * 809813/0878