EP3946859A1

EP3946859A1 - Method and device for producing a reinforced concrete component, and concrete component

Info

Publication number: EP3946859A1
Application number: EP20710920.8A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Viktor Mechtcherine; Albert Michel
Original assignee: Technische Universitaet Dresden
Current assignee: Technische Universitaet Dresden
Priority date: 2019-03-25
Filing date: 2020-03-11
Publication date: 2022-02-09
Also published as: DE102019107555A1; CN113613855A; WO2020193150A1; US20220176586A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and to a device for producing a concrete component, comprising concrete and a textile reinforcement composed of a reinforcement fiber strand (28), wherein first a yarn (20) is impregnated with a mineral suspension (35) and the at least one reinforcement fiber strand (28) is formed. According to the invention, the reinforcement fiber strand (28) is guided by means of a moving apparatus such that the reinforcement fiber strand (28) is inserted into a concrete strand (4), applied to a concrete layer (2) or applied to a vertical lateral surface of a plurality of concrete layers deposited one on top of the other such that an externally arranged vertical reinforcement is produced, and furthermore the reinforcement fiber strand (28) is enclosed by the concrete directly during the deposition or subsequently, before the mineral suspension (35) is cured. The invention further relates to a reinforced concrete component (1).

Description

Method and device for the production of a reinforced concrete component and

Concrete component

The invention relates to a method for producing a reinforced concrete component, comprising a matrix material concrete and a textile reinforcement made of at least one reinforcing fiber strand, a yarn being soaked with a mineral suspension and thus the at least one reinforcing fiber strand being formed. The invention further relates to a device for producing a reinforced concrete component, the concrete component comprising a matrix material concrete and a reinforcement made of at least one textile reinforcement fiber strand, wherein a reinforcement fiber strand delivery plant as a device for dispensing the reinforcement fiber strand, comprising an impregnation device, which is made from a yarn with a mineral Suspension soaked reinforcing fiber strand is provided.

The invention also relates to a reinforced concrete component, in which a permanent formwork is filled with flowable concrete or shotcrete, and a reinforced concrete component that is additively manufactured using extrusion, comprising concrete layers that are formed by at least one concrete strand that was pressed from at least one extrusion nozzle .

A preferred use of the present invention is in additive manufacturing. Additive manufacturing is the creation of a component in layers on the basis of an electronic data record, also known as a 3D printing process. This data set is usually derived from a three-dimensional CAD model. In contrast to abrasive manufacturing processes, such as milling, additive manufacturing creates components by adding material. This enables components to be manufactured that could not be easily manufactured using conventional manufacturing technologies.

Additive manufacturing can be laser-based or extrusion-based, among other things. Extrusion-based processes deposit small drops or strands of material in a defined manner. This is built up by translational movement of the extrusion nozzle and / or the construction platform that carries a component. Additive manufacturing processes are increasingly moving into focus in the manufacture of concrete components, including extrusion-based manufacturing processes. In the prior art, however, additive manufacturing with concrete either takes place entirely without reinforcement or it is inserted manually and discontinuously, which contradicts the principle of additive manufacturing. Furthermore, the previous methods limit the geometry and thus the freedom of shape as well as the durability and strength of the components.

Textile reinforcements and their use are known from the prior art. The production of a reinforced concrete component with at least one fiber strand from a multifilament yarn soaked with mineral suspension is known from the publication DE 10 2015 100 438 B3. There, in particular in claims 1-4, paragraphs [0035], [0058], [0064] and [0099] as well as FIGS. 2, 3, 10 and 11, a reinforced concrete component, referred to as "prefabricated part made of textile concrete" is disclosed at least one fiber strand as a textile reinforcement strand (concrete roving 20, claims 1 - 3, Fig. 10), in which a multifilament yarn (high-performance filament yarn 7; claim 2) is impregnated with a suspension ("wetted with fine concrete 21" - claim 3) and with the At least one fiber strand 20 is formed from the impregnated multifilament yarn 7 (claim 3), which by means of a moving device (laying robot 19; para. [0099]) for dispensing the at least one fiber strand 20

(Yarn dispenser 18; claim 4, Fig. 3) is fed (claim 1, para.

[0058]). However, a fixed form is required on which the fiber strand can be deflected and fixed in order to remain in the intended position and without damage during the subsequent concreting. Only concrete components can be produced in a fixed, predetermined form. In addition, according to paragraph [0064], the mineral suspension is initially hardened before the reinforcement with the concrete is introduced into the formwork.

In a method for producing a concrete component with a textile reinforcement, which the publication DE 10 2008 040 919 A1 discloses, a textile fiber material is impregnated with a hardenable polymer. The textile fiber material impregnated with the polymer is concreted into the concrete component in a still uncured state, so that the polymer is mixed with the concrete in a composite zone. A concrete component has a textile reinforcement, which is a textile fiber material impregnated with a curable polymer. The concrete component has a composite zone in which the polymer is mixed with the concrete. The use of a polymer, a material that is different from concrete, has disadvantages. These consist, for example, in the lower resilience and strength when exposed to heat. The publication EP 3 431 172 A1 discloses, in particular in claims 1 and 16 as well as paragraphs [0039], [0073], [0093] - [0099], a method for the extrusion-based additive production of a reinforced concrete component (“components based on concrete; Claim 16) comprising concrete layers (Fig. 16), which are formed by at least one concrete strand (concrete strand, layer 15 [paragraph 0073]), which is pressed out of an extrusion nozzle (nozzle 21; claim 1), which by means of a manipulation device (robot 32; Fig. 20) for each concrete layer 15 in the plane of the concrete layer 15 is moved relative to the concrete component, with at least one fiber strand ("Reinforcement element 30 in an endless strand"; Para. [0097], "fiber-like base material such as carbon, ... in Form of ... threads "; paragraphs [0039], [0097]) is used, the at least one fiber strand 30 being fed into one of the concrete layers 15 (FIG. 16). The fiber strand 30 is fed to the concrete layer 15 by means of a moving device for dispensing the at least one fiber strand 30 ("automated during the application process ... introduced via a mechanism of the nozzle"; paragraph [0097]). The proposed method enables but none

Embedding of a fresh fiber strand with a mineral suspension in the matrix material concrete.

The publication DE 10 2006 018 407 A1 describes rovings with filaments encased in fine concrete, including individual filaments, and their deposition in more than two layers (FIG. 1) fresh on fresh in a wax sheet. In this way, a filament soaked with a mineral suspension is placed between two layers of concrete and enveloped by them. The resulting concrete component is a reinforcement structure made of reinforced concrete. The wax sheet only allows a fixed structure of the reinforcement and is also complex to manufacture.

Additive manufacturing processes based on the extrusion and the strip-like deposition of concrete are known from non-patent literature and other media. Two publications on the Internet are mentioned as examples, which can be accessed at the time of registration at the addresses https://www.detail.de/artikel/beton-3d-druck-auf-der-baustelle-29487 / and https: //www.3d-grenzenlos .de / magazine / future-visions / us-army-patent-concrete-barracks-from-3d-printer-27409553 /

With additive manufacturing processes based on extrusion, there are currently four variants of reinforcement integration for the production of wall-like concrete components. A first method was found in S. Um, RA Buswell, TT Le, SA Austin, AGF Gibb, and T. Thorpe, "Developments in construction-scale additive manufacturing processes", Automation in Construction, Vol. 21, Jan. 2012 and under the title "3D Printed Castle" (author: Andrey Rudenko) at the address http: / / totalkusto .com / photo.htl (accessed on February 25, 2020). With this method, it is intended to manually place the reinforcement along the component axis as a longitudinal reinforcement, including welded-on transverse force reinforcement, on individual printed concrete strands (see Fig. 1 in the document). The reinforcement perpendicular to the pressure plane (generally the vertical reinforcement) is subsequently positioned in cavities left free for this purpose (see Fig. 1 in the document), which are then dilapidated with concrete. The reinforcement introduced in this way can be installed both stress-free and prestressed.

The problems resulting from the manual, discontinuous reinforcement inlay are particularly pronounced here, since this process has to be repeated continuously. The subsequent insertion of the vertical reinforcement also restricts the component geometry. Another problem is the durability of the reinforcement structures introduced, as reinforcements placed in this way often have insufficient concrete cover and are therefore susceptible to corrosion and increased temperatures. The problem of corrosion is also increased by the fact that the construction joints between individual concrete layers have a lower resistance to liquids and gases than concrete.

According to a second known process, published in B. Sevenson, "Shanghai-based Win Sun 3D Prints 6-Story Apartment Building and an Incredible Home", 3DPrint.com / The Voice of 3D Printing / Additive Manufacturing, 18-Jan-2015, After the integrated formwork has been produced (contour crafting process), a reinforcement cage is introduced (see Fig. 2 in the document). For this purpose, only the contour may be printed in advance, without any undulating or zigzag reinforcement inside the wall (see Fig . 1 in the document).

The process severely restricts the freedom of shape of the concrete components to be manufactured. The subsequent implementation of the reinforcement excludes a tapering, curvature or twisting of the component geometry in many cases.

In a third known method, a flexible, braided or twisted wire strand bundle, similar to a Bowden cable, is unwound from a spool with the help of a mechanical drive, inserted into an opening on the extrusion nozzle for the concrete pressure and thus continuously into one during the extrusion Concrete strand incorporated. This method has been published in F. Bos, Z. Ahmed, E. Jutinov, and T. Salet, "Experimental Exploration of Meta I Cable as Reinforcement in 3D Printed Concrete", Materials, Vol. 10, No. 11, 5.1314, Nov. 2017 as well as in JH Lim, B. Panda, and Q.-C. Pham, "Im proving flexural characteristics of 3D printed geopolymer composites with in-process steel cable reinforcement", Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 178, 5, 32-41, July 2018.

The method allows reinforcement to be inserted, but only in the direction of the concrete strands (usually horizontally). The implementation of the vertical reinforcement must still be carried out separately. Since the deflection radii are limited by the bending stiffness of the wire, the variety of shapes and the freedom of the reinforcement guidance is also limited with this method. For example, it is not possible to make corners. As with the first method, the reinforcement does not provide corrosion protection if the concrete cover is poor. In addition, the extremely smooth steel wires have insufficient bonding properties to concrete, which is why anchoring lengths of up to 180 mm are necessary, depending on the wire diameter.

A fourth method, published in "HuaShang Tengda - Building a house with the printer (manufacturer video) - Video.Golem.de", Golem.de. [On-line]. Available at: httpsJ / video.goiem. de / science / 17348 / huashang-tengda-house-building-with-the-printer-manufacture / ideo.html (accessed on February 25, 2020), uses a forked print head. The forked printhead surrounds the reinforcement that has already been inserted and is securely mounted and applies concrete to both sides of the reinforcement.

When using this method, the height of the reinforcement is limited to the length of the forked printhead. It is only possible to produce relatively simple vertical elements with a cross-section that is unchangeable over height and length. The reinforcement elements as such must also be designed in a simple and uniform manner, since otherwise the concrete cannot enclose the reinforcement with sufficient quality.

In devices known from the prior art, extruded concrete is usually applied in layers by means of an application head which comprises an extrusion nozzle. The problem here is the dynamic introduction of reinforcement to improve the component properties. A device is known which enables a dynamic introduction of a steel wire - however, in practice there are disadvantages due to the use of wire-shaped wires Steel reinforcement. Steel reinforcements, for example, have a low level of flexibility, which is particularly disadvantageous for complex component structures. Another disadvantage is the poor adhesion of steel wires in the concrete structure and a susceptibility to corrosion in areas in which the reinforcement is not sufficiently covered by concrete. Even if steel wires were replaced by plastic wires without a tendency to corrosion, apart from the lack of strength, only an inadequate connection to the surrounding matrix would be achieved. Process features from the known solutions could not be used for a suitable reinforcement either, because, for example, the aforementioned rigid plastic wires place low procedural requirements on a feed.

In view of the aforementioned disadvantages of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to offer a method for the inline implementation of temperature and corrosion-resistant high-performance reinforcement for extrusion-based additive manufacturing processes and the manufacturing process and the product. The method should also be suitable for integrating all three required reinforcement directions, vertical reinforcement parallel to the vertical surface, horizontal reinforcement and transverse force reinforcement in each case parallel to the horizontal surface, in particular for wall-like concrete components, and also to provide a process sequence that is continuous, discontinuous or in the desired Graduation can be designed.

The object is achieved by a method for producing a concrete component, comprising a matrix material concrete and a textile reinforcement made from at least one reinforcing fiber strand. To form the reinforcement fiber strand, a yarn is first impregnated with a mineral suspension. The yarn prepared in this way, in particular a multifilament yarn, then forms the at least one reinforcing fiber strand.

According to the invention, the at least one reinforcing fiber strand is released in such a way, preferably by means of a moving device for dispensing the at least one reinforcing fiber strand, particularly preferably stress-free, that the at least one reinforcing fiber strand • according to a first embodiment in at least one concrete strand or

• is applied according to a second embodiment on at least one concrete layer.

According to a further embodiment, the reinforcing fiber strand can be applied to at least one vertical side surface of several superimposed concrete layers of the concrete component so that a vertical reinforcement or a reinforced concrete layer is produced on the outside of the concrete component. This is done according to one of the above-mentioned embodiments, in the concrete strand or on the concrete layer.

Furthermore, the at least one reinforcement fiber strand is enclosed by the concrete immediately when it is deposited or subsequently before the mineral suspension has hardened. This represents a particular advantage of the invention.

For the encasing, the material deposit through an extrusion nozzle, which releases the concrete, is particularly suitable. Alternatively, the extrusion nozzle can be exchanged for a spray nozzle, for example. However, another concrete layer can also be applied in order to embed the reinforcing fiber strand in concrete.

When filling larger volumes, no defined contour is necessary. With such components it is unfavorable to line up concrete string after concrete string, since these would only have a poor bond with one another. Such components should be cast as possible. Concreting and the implementation of reinforcement can, however, also be combined here by the method according to the invention and its configuration in accordance with the dependent claims. In particular, a permanent formwork can be formed by means of concrete strands and then poured with concrete.

The concrete component produced by means of a permanent formwork, for the production of which preferably flowable concrete is used for pouring or, in the case of inclined surfaces, sprayed concrete, can be produced in such a way that the entire formwork is filled at once. In this case, only the outer shell, the permanent formwork, is reinforced. According to an alternative embodiment, however, it is provided that concrete layers are formed. On each of these a Reinforcing fiber strand are applied in the manner described above. Then the entire volume of the concrete component receives reinforcement, preferably designed to suit the load. A further, particularly advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention relates to a method for the extrusion-based additive production of a reinforced concrete component, including in particular horizontal concrete layers that are formed by at least one concrete strand that is pressed out of an extrusion nozzle, which by means of a manipulation device for each concrete layer in the particular horizontal plane of the concrete layer is moved relative to the concrete component being manufactured or to the substrate or the previously produced concrete layer. This applies accordingly to other levels, for example the vertical level of the side walls. According to the invention, a yarn, preferably a multifilament yarn, is provided as reinforcement, which, impregnated with a mineral suspension, forms a reinforcing fiber strand. The reinforcement fiber strand is fed to the concrete component to be manufactured by means of a reinforcement fiber strand delivery system moved by a manipulation device, a device for delivering the reinforcement fiber strand.

The reinforcing fiber strand is to be used as the reinforcement material, which comprises the yarn, preferably a multifilament yarn, which is coated with a mineral suspension, in particular a particle suspension, e.g. B. is based on fine cement, geopolymer, alkaline activated binder or pozzolanic fine materials, soaked or impregnated. Preferred materials for the multifilament yarn are carbon, but also glass, basalt or polymer. In the freshly soaked state, the reinforcing fiber strand can be deformed even with little force and can be introduced directly (inline) into the concrete structure in the ongoing 3D printing process using extruded concrete, whereby concrete strands are formed.

The concrete strands and the minerally impregnated carbon yarns are deposited using a manipulation device, for example an articulated arm robot or a gantry robot. Furthermore, it is provided that an insertion of the reinforcement fiber strand into the concrete component to be produced and a direct, immediately following or later enclosing the

Reinforcement fiber strand made with concrete before the mineral suspension has hardened. At the start of a preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention, the yarn, in particular a carbon yarn as the preferred multifilament yarn, is impregnated or impregnated with a suitable suspension. Impregnation is an impregnating treatment of solid, porous materials. The following steps are the basic requirements for a successful impregnation of multifilament yarns with mineral suspensions:

1. Production of a suitable impregnation matrix: In order to ensure penetration with the impregnation matrix, it must be sufficiently flowable and carry particles with it that are fine enough to be able to slide through between the filaments. This requirement therefore requires the use of very fine cements (dgs <20 pm) and very fine additives such as microsilica. The addition of microsilica promotes the formation of reaction products on the surface of the carbon yarn. However, the use of more than 20% microsilica, based on the total binder mass, is not recommended, as the water requirement of the suspension is increased and at the same time the strength of the hardened matrix decreases.

With regard to the consistency, a flow limit below 80 Pa and a plastic viscosity below 1.5 Pa * s are necessary. Reducing these parameters by adding more water and superplasticizer leads to improved impregnation. The compromise between the fluidity of the suspension and the strength of the hardened binder matrix must of course also be taken into account.

2. Pretreatment of the yarn, guidance to the impregnation bath: It is necessary to impregnate the yarn in a state that is as widely spread as possible. It is therefore advisable to use multifilament yarns which are rolled up as "flat tow", since, in contrast to the "narrow tow", these are supplied by the manufacturer in the spread state. Twisting of the yarn must be avoided before and during the impregnation, since the spread state is canceled at this point. The yarn can also be guided through z. B. convex elements can also be expanded before immersion in the impregnation bath if necessary. Pre-wetting the yarn with water has proven to be beneficial for the impregnation as well as for the process stability and, if necessary, can be integrated into the impregnation system, such as with a kiss coater. 3. Implementation of a suitable impregnation process: Basically come to

Impregnation of the multifilament yarn can be carried out using the methods known from the prior art in the textile sector using a padder or a gusseted pad. In the padder, the multifilament yarn is fed into the suspension, which is located in an impregnation bath.

It has been shown that multiple deflections of the multifilament yarn are necessary for complete saturation. The simple diversion, however, is not expedient. Rollers or fixed elements can be used as deflection. Convex shaped deflections additionally spread the carbon yarn and improve the impregnation.

The gusset foulard is an open system. The suspension is not in an impregnation bath, but is filled into the gusset between two rollers through which the multifilament yarn is passed. Here, too, instead of the rollers, fixed elements can be used over which the multifilament yarn is guided. If necessary, several yarns can be fed side by side through the impregnation and then bundled.

4. Squeezing off excess suspension and shaping the yarn: Squeezing off excess suspension and shaping the impregnated multifilament yarn, the reinforcing fiber strand, should take place in one work step, as this results in a very even distribution of (carbon) filaments and mineral suspension. Strand nozzles whose diameters can be expanded or which can be opened have proven successful for the process. By narrowing the cross-section, high fiber volume contents can be achieved.

If it comes to a standstill during squeezing, for example due to agglomerates in the cement suspension, it is possible to briefly expand the diameter or to open the strand nozzle in order to ensure the continuity of the process. It should be noted that high fiber volume contents prevent the soaked yarns significantly easier, as less suspension can escape from the yarn.

Both a padder and a gusset pad are suitable for the present application. There are three options for feeding the impregnated yarn to the manipulation device, which also affect the design of the impregnation process.

According to a first embodiment, the reinforcing fiber strand is formed in a stationary manner in a strand preparation device which comprises at least one impregnation device and is fed to the reinforcing fiber strand delivery plant for delivery to the concrete component to be produced. This variant is also referred to as stationary-direct, because the reinforcing fiber strand is impregnated or soaked with the help of a stationary strand preparation device and passed directly to the reinforcing fiber strand delivery plant attached to the manipulation device via a strand transfer, which can be formed by deflection points.

The impregnation or soaking process is preferably implemented using a three or five-roller padder. The number and the shape of the deflection rollers (e.g. convex for improved yarn spreading) in the suspension bath of the mineral suspension can be varied. A kiss coater is also provided, which is used to wet the yarn with a small amount of water before the impregnation or soaking process. Yarn guide devices can be used to center the yarn. The squeezing off of excess matrix material, the mineral suspension, as well as the shape of the cross-section of the

Reinforcement fiber strand, the reinforcement cross-section, is carried out with the aid of a strand nozzle that is conical or funnel-shaped in the strand direction

Outlet diameter is either constant or variable. After shaping, the yarn is turned over a pulley

Reinforcement fiber strand supply plant. In the alternative embodiment, the yarn is fed directly into the extrusion nozzle for the concrete pressure.

In a second embodiment of the method according to the invention, the reinforcing fiber strand is formed in a stationary manner in a strand preparation device and wound up to form a strand spool. The strand preparation device comprises at least one impregnation device, which can also be designed as an impregnation bath. This variant is also referred to as stationary-indirect. This process is identical up to the shaping with the first embodiment, which was referred to as stationary-direct impregnation or soaking process. After shaping, however, the reinforcing fiber strand is rolled up onto the further spool, the strand spool, in the sense of a semi-finished product.

After the strand reel has been fully charged, it is removed from the impregnation system and installed in the reinforcement fiber strand delivery plant at the manipulation device, where the reinforcement fiber strand is unrolled from the strand reel and in extrusion-based additive

Manufacturing process, also known as the concrete printing process, is installed. It should be noted that the time window from the beginning of the impregnation process to the complete installation of the reinforcing fiber strand is limited due to the progressive chemical reactions in the suspension. However, if it is possible to prevent the yarn from drying out or hardening, a processing time window of several hours is possible.

A third embodiment provides that the reinforcing fiber strand is itself formed in the reinforcing fiber strand delivery plant which moves over the concrete component surface in the course of the extrusion-based additive method. For this purpose, the reinforcing fiber strand delivery plant comprises a strand preparation device which contains at least one impregnation device. This embodiment is also referred to as unsteady-direct. According to a further alternative, the reinforcing fiber strand is impregnated or soaked with the aid of a device which is attached directly to the manipulator and for this reason has to be dimensioned as compactly as possible.

In all of the aforementioned embodiments of the invention, the reinforcing fiber strand is formed by impregnation with a mineral suspension. The impregnation or soaking process is preferably carried out with a padder, in particular a gusseted pad or a three-roll padder. The number and shape of the pulleys in the suspension bath, e.g. B. a convex shape for improved yarn spreading is variable. Yarn guide devices can be used to center the yarn. Excess matrix is squeezed off and the reinforcement cross-section is shaped using an in Running direction of the multifilament yarn or the reinforcing fiber strand conically or funnel-shaped shaped strand nozzle, the outlet diameter of which is either constant or particularly advantageously variable. In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, a kiss coater is provided, which is used to wet the multifilament yarn with water before the impregnation or soaking process, a small amount of water being sufficient. Other suitable methods for wetting or pre-wetting are also provided.

A particularly preferred impregnation system for carrying out the method according to the invention also has a thread brake from which the multifilament yarn is unwound, three thread guide levels through which the multifilament yarn is straightened, a total of four fixed deflections for yarn spreading, a three-roller pad impregnation and one Strand nozzle, also known as a shaping nozzle.

Regardless of the type of impregnation or impregnation and the positioning of the corresponding device, the impregnated or soaked multifilament yarn must be conveyed mechanically to the installation site as a reinforcing fiber strand. This task is solved with the help of a reinforcement fiber strand supply plant. The reinforcement fiber strand supply plant can be designed in such a way that it enables the reinforcement fiber strand to be integrated directly into a concrete strand or an integration between two concrete strands. The reinforcing fiber strand is thereby fed into or onto at least one of the concrete layers.

The reinforcing fiber strand is fed into at least one of the concrete layers or into the initially present concrete strand, also referred to as direct integration. This is achieved in that the reinforcement fiber strand delivery system is arranged so as to be fixed in terms of movement in relation to the extrusion nozzle, that is, both are connected to one another. Reinforcement fiber strand delivery system and extrusion nozzle can be moved for each concrete layer in the, in particular, horizontal plane of the concrete layer relative to the concrete component or to the substrate or the previously produced concrete layer. The reinforcement fiber strand is discharged in the extrusion direction of the extrusion nozzle and embedded in the emerging concrete strand. this happens for example by the entry of the reinforcing fiber strand into the extrusion nozzle from the side facing away from a discharge opening.

As an alternative to the embodiment described above, there is a further possibility for the direct integration of the reinforcing fiber strand between the partial strands of a divided concrete strand. This is done by dividing the concrete to be extruded into two strands and bringing it back together directly behind the opening through which the reinforcement in the form of the reinforcement fiber strand is introduced, so that the reinforcement is enclosed by the concrete. The partial strands are released from two separate extrusion nozzles arranged next to one another. In the case of direct integration in both variants, the reinforcement fiber strand supply plant must not be shifted or twisted in relation to the extrusion nozzle.

In the case of direct integration, according to a preferred embodiment, the reinforcing fiber strand, for example a (carbon) yarn impregnated with cement, is first fed into an inlet device, for example designed as a funnel, and conveyed by a first pair of rollers. A second pair of rollers directs the yarn in the intended direction, e.g. B. the horizontal to. It is then passed into a stripping device and through a guillotine cutting device. The latter allows the conveying of the reinforcing fiber strand and the addition of reinforcement to the concrete strand to be interrupted at any time by cutting off the yarn.

The reinforcing fiber strand is introduced directly into the extrusion nozzle, which is provided for the concrete pressure, via a further guide device, which is preferably designed as a hose when conveyed horizontally. Here the reinforcement fiber strand is integrated into the concrete strand, which is placed on a previously produced concrete strand, the lower concrete layer. To prevent the extruded concrete from backing up in the hose, a closure device can be installed at the end of the hose. This can be closed with the concrete extrusion without reinforcement integration and must be opened with the reinforcement integration in order to let the reinforcement fiber strand through.

As an alternative to the direct integration of the reinforcing fiber strand, a method for depositing the reinforcing fiber strand alone is provided. The reinforcing fiber strand is fed to at least one of the concrete layers. Is to the reinforcement fiber strand delivery plant for each concrete layer can be moved in the especially horizontal plane of the concrete layer relative to the concrete component being manufactured or to the substrate or the previously produced concrete layer. The reinforcing fiber strand is released onto the concrete layer, preferably in a vertical downward direction, and covered by the subsequent concrete strand. If the reinforcing fiber strand is dispensed vertically downwards, it can be guided in any direction without this

Reinforcement fiber strand supply plant must be turned in the direction. When the reinforcement fiber strand is integrated between two concrete layers, the reinforcement fiber strand thus preferably emerges vertically downward from the reinforcement fiber strand delivery plant and can also be laid independently of the orientation of the concrete strand. For this type of yarn conveyance, the second pair of rollers is arranged horizontally in the reinforcement fiber strand delivery plant. The reinforcement fiber strand is positioned using a rotationally symmetrical, elliptical or oval shaped extrusion nozzle that is funnel-shaped on both sides. While the concrete strand can be placed without reinforcement with direct integration, but not the reinforcement fiber strand without concrete strand, this procedure is possible with this variant. The production of a reinforcement structure entirely without extruded concrete can thus be realized.

If the reinforcement fiber strand is integrated between two concrete strands, also known as concrete filaments, or between two concrete layers, a flowable cement suspension or mortar can be introduced into the intermediate layer or between the concrete layers to improve adhesion between the reinforcement fiber strand and the concrete layer made of extruded concrete will. Since the concrete must have a very stiff consistency for extrusion, there is a risk that the yarn is not sufficiently enclosed by the concrete, but that a separating layer is formed.

With both types of storage or integration, the reinforcing fiber strand, preferably the pretreated (carbon) yarn, is inserted once into the conveying device at the beginning of the process. In the further course of the process, the yarn feed can be stopped as often as required, the reinforcing fiber strand can be cut with the aid of the cutting device and the reinforcing fiber strand can be conveyed again if necessary. If the degree of reinforcement in the concrete is to be varied, it is possible to ply several yarns, ie, unlike twisting, to combine several yarns without twisting, or to arrange several yarns next to one another, which leads to a comparable result. Alternatively, the height and, if necessary, the width of the concrete strings can be changed.

The implementation of the horizontal reinforcement layers can be coupled with the respective concrete layers. The longitudinal reinforcement is placed with the concrete strands in the longitudinal direction of the concrete component, the transverse force reinforcement with the formation of zigzag-shaped stiffeners. When storing the thread, the

Reinforcement fiber strands are advantageously led out beyond the zigzag extruded concrete strand and are only deposited on the concrete strand in the longitudinal direction after the reinforcement has overlapped. There is thus the possibility of a non-positive connection between the surface-forming longitudinal filaments and the reinforcement that dissipates transverse forces.

As construction progresses, the aforementioned processes alternate. In addition, it is provided that the reinforcement fiber strand is discharged from the outside onto vertical surfaces of the concrete component, so that vertical reinforcement, preferably including an overlapping concrete strand, is particularly preferably generated on both sides of the concrete component to be produced. For this purpose, an articulated arm robot with three-dimensional mobility can be used as a manipulation device. The reinforcement of the vertical surfaces takes place after the completion of the concrete component or a component section, if the vertical reinforcement including overlapping concrete strands can be printed on both sides of the contour from the outside. Of the

As mentioned, reinforcing fiber strand can also be covered by a concrete strand or integrated into it.

In addition to wall-like elements, other components can also be produced with the method according to the invention. In principle, it is possible to manufacture a component entirely additively (e.g. extrusion-based) or just manufacture the contour. The area or the space within the contour can then be provided with reinforcement, for example with the aid of the "indirect method" described above, ie concreting in particular in layers after the reinforcement fiber strand has been applied to the previous concrete layer. Alternatively reinforcement according to the state of the art can also be used. This procedure can be used for flat or curved surfaces.

The production of beam-like components can be carried out in a similar procedure to that of wall-like components, with the difference that more longitudinal reinforcement is required in the tension zone. For this purpose, several reinforced concrete filaments, the fiber strands according to the invention, can be placed next to and / or on top of one another. Another aspect of the present invention relates to a device for producing a reinforced concrete component. The concrete component comprises a matrix material concrete and a reinforcement made of at least one textile reinforcement fiber strand. An impregnation device is provided, which forms the reinforcing fiber strand soaked with a mineral suspension from a yarn. According to the invention, a device for the production and preferably tension-free storage of the textile reinforcing fiber strand is provided.

Furthermore, a reinforcement fiber strand delivery plant, a device for dispensing the reinforcement fiber strand, is provided, which is movable and suitable relative to the concrete component or to the substrate or the previously produced concrete layer, the reinforcement fiber strand

• to be introduced into a concrete string according to a first embodiment,

According to a second embodiment, to be applied to a concrete layer or, according to a third embodiment, to be applied to a vertical side surface of several concrete layers of the concrete component placed on top of one another or to be introduced into the concrete strand applied there.

In all embodiments, it is ensured that the reinforcing fiber strand is immediately or subsequently enclosed with concrete before the mineral suspension has hardened.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the device is provided for the extrusion-based additive production of a reinforced concrete component, comprising in particular horizontal concrete layers which are formed by at least one concrete strand. The concrete strand is pressed out of an extrusion nozzle, which by means of a manipulation device for each concrete layer in the particular horizontal plane of the concrete layer is moved relative to the concrete component being manufactured or to the substrate or the previously produced concrete layer. The device comprises the manipulation device and the extrusion nozzle.

According to the invention, an impregnation device is provided which is suitable for soaking a yarn provided as reinforcement, preferably a multifilament yarn, with a mineral suspension and thus forming a reinforcing fiber strand that can be used as reinforcement. Furthermore, a movable reinforcement fiber strand delivery plant is provided, which is suitable for feeding the reinforcement fiber strand to the concrete component to be produced by means of movement through a manipulation device, preferably free of tension, so that the reinforcement fiber strand is inserted into the concrete component to be produced and directly, immediately thereafter or, alternatively, it is enclosed later Reinforcement fiber strand with concrete takes place before the mineral suspension has hardened.

Advantageous embodiments of the manipulation device are an articulated arm robot with three-dimensional mobility or a gantry robot with at least two-dimensional mobility. For the use of the gantry robot, at least the mobility of the extrusion nozzle in the plane with vertically movable concrete component, z. B. be secured via a lifting table.

The impregnation device preferably comprises a thread spool which takes up a multifilament thread, a padder, in particular a three-roll padder, or a gusseted padder. In the context of the device for pretreating the multifilament yarn, a strand nozzle for squeezing off excess suspension from the reinforcing fiber strand and for shaping the reinforcement cross-section, the cross-section of the reinforcement fiber strand, which is conical or funnel-shaped in the running direction of the reinforcement fiber strand and has a constant or variable outlet diameter has proven advantageous.

In its preferred embodiment, the impregnation device furthermore has a kiss coater, which is suitable for wetting the multifilament yarn with a small amount of water before the impregnation or soaking process. According to a first embodiment, the impregnation device is designed to be stationary and comprises a device for supplying the reinforcing fiber strand to the reinforcing fiber strand supply plant or, according to a second embodiment, a device for storing the reinforcing fiber strand on a strand spool, which is provided for supply to the reinforcing fiber strand supply plant. According to a third embodiment, the impregnation device is connected to the reinforcing fiber strand delivery plant, so that the reinforcing fiber strand can be supplied directly to the reinforcing fiber strand supply plant if required, even while it is moving.

For the direct integration of the reinforcement fiber strand into the concrete, the reinforcement fiber strand supply plant comprises a funnel and a first pair of rollers which convey the reinforcement fiber strand. A second pair of rollers is provided in order to deflect the reinforcing fiber strand into the required position, for example into the horizontal position. Furthermore, a stripping device and a guillotine cutting device are provided, through which the reinforcing fiber strand is then conveyed, a further guide device being provided, which is preferably designed as a hose when conveyed horizontally. With the help of the further guide device, the reinforcing fiber strand is introduced directly into the extrusion nozzle in the extrusion direction, so that the reinforcing fiber strand enters the

Concrete strand is integrated.

A closure device has also proven to be advantageous which, in the case of concrete extrusion, without reinforcement integration, i.e. H. without integration of the

Reinforcement fiber strand in the concrete strand, closed and at the

Reinforcement integration, d. H. during the integration of the reinforcement fiber strand into the concrete strand, can be opened. The closure device helps to prevent the extruded concrete from backing up in the further guide device.

Alternatively, the extrusion nozzle is designed in such a way that the concrete to be extruded is divided into two strands and converges again directly behind an opening through which the reinforcement fiber strand is introduced, so that the reinforcement fiber strand is immediately enclosed by the concrete, without having to undertake any complex sealing have to. In order to bring the reinforcement fiber strand between two concrete layers, a reinforcement fiber strand delivery plant is provided that delivers it vertically downwards. Its function has already been described with the operating procedure above. Another aspect of the present invention relates to an extrusion-based additively manufactured reinforced concrete component, comprising in particular horizontal concrete layers that are formed by at least one concrete strand that was pressed out of an extrusion nozzle. According to the present invention, a yarn and in particular a multifilament yarn is provided as reinforcement, which is present for installation in the concrete strand or soaked with a mineral suspension between two concrete strands as a reinforcement fiber strand that is completely enclosed in the concrete component with concrete, the installation and the Enclosing before hardening of the mineral suspension took place. The concrete component is advantageously obtainable by a method as described above.

The invention advantageously enables the inline implementation of high-performance and permanent reinforcement in additive manufacturing with concrete, also referred to as concrete 3D printing. With the help of the invention, the fully automated and fully digitized production of concrete components can be realized. This represents a significant step forward for the establishment of the 3D concrete printing process in the concept of digital construction. The invention also enables the manufacture of curved or tapered, non-corroding and high-temperature-resistant concrete components. When producing mineral-impregnated (carbon) fiber reinforcements according to the state of the art, there is the problem that these extremely thin structures dry out very quickly and thus the hardening of the binding agent does not proceed optimally. Since the described method envisages a direct, immediately subsequent or alternatively a short-term subsequent encasing of the reinforcing fiber strand with concrete (“fresh on fresh”), this is an ideal post-treatment that overcomes the existing disadvantages of the known solutions.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of the description of exemplary embodiments and their representation in the associated drawings. Show it: 1: a schematic representation of an embodiment of a concrete component according to the invention with inserted longitudinal reinforcement;

2: a schematic representation of an embodiment of a concrete component according to the invention with introduced transverse reinforcement;

3: a schematic representation of an embodiment of a concrete component according to the invention with inserted vertical reinforcement;

4: a schematic representation of an embodiment of a device according to the invention for the direct integration of a reinforcing fiber strand;

5: a schematic representation of an embodiment of a device according to the invention for integrating a reinforcing fiber strand between concrete layers;

6: a schematic representation of an embodiment of a device according to the invention for stationary direct yarn delivery;

7: a schematic representation of an embodiment of a device according to the invention for stationary indirect yarn delivery and

8: a schematic representation of an embodiment of a device according to the invention for non-stationary direct yarn delivery. 1 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a concrete component 1 according to the invention with inserted longitudinal reinforcement 22, designed as a reinforcing fiber strand 28. The reinforcing fiber strand 28 is embedded in a concrete strand 4. The concrete strand 4 is placed on the concrete layer 2, which has emerged from a previously produced concrete strand 4, so that the additive, layer-by-layer production of the concrete component 1 results.

2 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a concrete component 1 according to the invention with inserted transverse reinforcement 24, consisting of a reinforcing fiber strand 28. The transverse reinforcement 24 ensures the strength of the transverse struts which are zigzagged inside the concrete component 1. Here, too, the reinforcing fiber strand 28 is embedded in the concrete strand 4.

Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a concrete component 1 according to the invention with introduced vertical reinforcement 26 by means of a reinforcing fiber strand 28. If the production of the concrete component 1 or a section thereof in the sense of Figures 1 and 2 is completed, is at the Outer wall applied the vertical reinforcement 26, which ensures the bending capacity in the horizontal direction of loading. In the preferred embodiment, as shown, the reinforcement 26 is also embedded in a concrete strand 4. This ensures an optimal connection to the concrete matrix and also protects the reinforcing fiber strand 28 from damage.

4 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a reinforcing fiber strand delivery system 40 according to the invention for the direct integration of the reinforcing fiber strand 28 into the concrete strand 4. The reinforcing fiber strand supply system 40 for the direct integration of the reinforcing fiber strand 28 is firmly connected to the extrusion nozzle 6, since the direction of delivery of the reinforcing fiber strand 28 is on the working direction of the extrusion nozzle 6 is fixed. The reinforcing fiber strand 28 is the

Reinforcement fiber strand delivery plant 40 for use as longitudinal reinforcement 22, transverse reinforcement 24 or vertical reinforcement 26 and enters the reinforcement fiber strand delivery plant 40 via inlet device 41. First, the reinforcing fiber strand 28 is gripped by a first pair of rollers 42. A second pair of rollers 43 deflects the reinforcing fiber strand 28 in the working direction. The second pair of rollers 43 is followed by a guillotine cutting device 44, which in turn is followed by a further guide device, designed as a hose 46. The hose 46 advantageously has a closable opening which can be closed if no reinforcing fiber strand 28 emerges and the ingress of concrete is to be prevented. The hose 46 opens into the extrusion nozzle 6 so that the reinforcing fiber strand 28 can be embedded directly in the concrete flowing through the extrusion nozzle 6 and emerges from the extrusion nozzle 6 together with it as an already “reinforced” concrete strand 4.

Fig. 5 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a reinforcing fiber strand delivery system 50 according to the invention for the integration of a reinforcing fiber strand 28 in an intermediate layer or a space between two concrete strands 4 or two concrete layers 2. First, a first concrete strand 4 is applied as a concrete layer 2 and then the Reinforcing fiber strand 28 is applied as longitudinal reinforcement 22, transverse reinforcement 24 or vertical reinforcement 26. Thereafter, the extrusion nozzle 6 is another Concrete strand 4 is applied, which forms a further concrete layer 2, immediately covers the reinforcing fiber strand 28 and thus embeds it in the concrete matrix.

So that the reinforcement fiber strand 28 can also be applied independently of the working direction of the extrusion nozzle 6, which can be advantageous, for example, for covering the reinforcement, the reinforcement fiber strand 28 is discharged vertically downward from the reinforcement fiber strand delivery plant 50 via an outlet guide device 56. Prior to this, the reinforcing fiber strand 28 runs through a first pair of rollers 52, a second roller pair 53 and a cutting device 54. The reinforcing fiber strand 28 first enters the reinforcing fiber strand delivery plant 50 via an inlet device 51.

Fig. 6 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a device 60 according to the invention for stationary direct yarn delivery to the reinforcement fiber strand delivery system 40 for direct integration into the concrete strand 4 before it emerges from the extrusion nozzle 6 or to the

Reinforcement fiber cord delivery plant 50 for delivery between two concrete cords 4.

It is characteristic of this embodiment that a strand preparation device 62 is provided, which by means of a strand transfer 64, in the simple case designed as deflection points, transfers the reinforcing fiber strand 28 to the reinforcing fiber strand delivery mechanism 40, 50 moving with the extrusion nozzle 6. The strand preparation device 62 comprises a yarn bobbin 21 from which a multifilament yarn 20 is dispensed. From there it runs through the device for prewetting 32, which in the preferred embodiment is designed as a kiss coater. From there, the preferably pre-wetted multifilament yarn reaches an impregnation device 33, which is preferably designed as a padder. This conveys the multifilament yarn 20 over three rollers, as a result of which the mineral suspension 35 can penetrate between the filaments of the multifilament yarn 20 and ensures optimum impregnation. Finally, a strand nozzle 34 serves to wipe off excess suspension 35 and to give the reinforcing fiber strand 28 the desired cross-sectional shape. Thereafter, the reinforcing fiber strand 28 formed in this way is drawn off via the strand transfer 64. 7 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a device 70 according to the invention for stationary, indirect yarn delivery, which likewise comprises a strand preparation device 72, which, however, has a further bobbin, the strand bobbin 74, following the strand nozzle 34. The freshly formed reinforcing fiber strand 28 is wound onto this. Immediately thereafter, the strand bobbin 74 is brought to the reinforcement fiber strand delivery plant 40, 50 so that the mineral suspension used for the impregnation does not harden in an undesirable manner. There, the reinforcing fiber strand 28 is introduced into the reinforcing fiber strand delivery plant 40, 50, as previously described.

FIG. 8 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a device 80 according to the invention for non-stationary direct yarn delivery. The entire strand preparation device 82 is directly connected to the reinforcement fiber strand delivery system 40, 50 and the extrusion nozzle 6 connected to it. The entire assembly, consisting of extrusion nozzle 6, reinforcement fiber strand delivery system 40, 50 and device 80, is moved over the concrete component by a manipulation device in order to enable the concrete strands 4 to be dispensed. The strand preparation device 82 always delivers freshly produced fiber strands 28, their production taking place in the manner shown in the description of FIGS. 6 and 7.

List of reference symbols

1 concrete component

2 layer of concrete

4 concrete strand

6 extrusion nozzle

20 yarn, multifilament yarn

21 spool of thread

22 longitudinal reinforcement

24 transverse reinforcement

26 vertical reinforcement

28 Reinforcement fiber strands

32 Device for pre-wetting (kiss coater)

33 Impregnation device (foulard)

34 strand nozzle

35 mineral suspension

40 Reinforcement fiber strand supply plant (for direct integration)

41 inlet device

42 first pair of rollers

43 second pair of rollers

44, 54 cutting device (guillotine)

46 guide device (hose)

50 Reinforcement fiber strand supply plant (for intermediate layer)

51 inlet device

52 first pair of rollers

53 second pair of rollers

56 Exit guide device

60 Device for stationary direct yarn delivery

62 string preparation device (with string transfer)

64 String transfer

70 Device for stationary, indirect yarn delivery

72 strand preparation device (with strand spool)

74 strand spool

80 Device for non-stationary direct yarn delivery

82 string preparation device (mobile)

Claims

1. A method for producing a reinforced concrete component, comprising a matrix material concrete and a textile reinforcement made from at least one reinforcing fiber strand, a yarn (20) impregnated with a mineral suspension (35) and thus the at least one reinforcing fiber strand (28) being formed, characterized in that that the at least one reinforcing fiber strand (28) is delivered from a moving device for dispensing the at least one reinforcing fiber strand (28) so that the at least one reinforcing fiber strand (28) is introduced into at least one concrete strand (4) according to a first embodiment, according to a second embodiment applied to at least one concrete layer (2) or, according to a third embodiment, applied to at least one vertical side surface of several superimposed concrete layers (2) of the concrete component (1) or introduced into the concrete strand (4) applied there, so that a vertical reinforcement ( 26) is generated, and furthermore the at least one reinforcement fiber strand (28) is enclosed by the concrete immediately when it is deposited or subsequently before the mineral suspension (35) has hardened.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the production of the concrete component (1) takes place by means of a method for extrusion-based additive production, the concrete layers (2) being formed by the at least one concrete strand (4) which is pressed out of an extrusion nozzle (6) , whereby for the production of each concrete layer (2) by means of a manipulation device in the plane of the concrete layer (2) there is a relative movement between the extrusion nozzle (6) on the one hand and a substrate or the previously produced concrete layer (2) on the other hand, the at least one reinforcing fiber strand (28) is introduced into at least one of the concrete strands (4) or applied to at least one of the concrete layers (2).

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the at least one reinforcement fiber strand (28) is introduced into at least one of the concrete layers (2) by the reinforcement fiber strand delivery plant (40), designed for a direct integration of the reinforcement fiber strand (28) in the at least one from the extrusion nozzle (6) exiting concrete strand (4), the reinforcement fiber strand delivery system (40) being arranged in a fixed manner with respect to the extrusion nozzle (6), the reinforcement fiber strand delivery system (40) and the extrusion nozzle (6) on the one hand and the for the production of each concrete layer (2) Subsurface or the previously produced concrete layer (2) on the other hand are moved relative to one another in the plane of the concrete layer (2), and the Reinforcement fiber strand (28) is released in an extrusion direction of the extrusion nozzle (6) and at the same time embedded in the concrete strand (4).

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the at least one reinforcement fiber strand (28) is applied to at least one of the concrete layers (2) by the reinforcement fiber strand delivery plant (50), designed for an integration of the at least one reinforcement fiber strand (28) between the concrete layers (2) , is moved in the plane of the concrete layer (2) relative to the substrate or to the previously produced concrete layer (2), the at least one reinforcement fiber strand (28) releases and this from the subsequently applied concrete strand (4), which is another concrete layer (2) trains, is covered.

5. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein for improved adhesion between the reinforcing fiber strand (28) and the concrete layer (2) a flowable cement suspension or a mortar is introduced between the concrete layers (2).

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the reinforcement fiber strand delivery plant (40, 50) arranged on a manipulation device comprises a strand preparation device (62, 72, 82) and an impregnation device (33), wherein according to a first embodiment the at least one reinforcement fiber strand ( 28) is formed stationary in the strand preparation device (62, 72, 82) and transferred to the reinforcement fiber strand delivery plant (40, 50), wherein, according to a second embodiment, the at least one reinforcement fiber strand (28) is formed stationary in the strand preparation device (62, 72, 82) , wound into a strand spool (74), the strand spool (74) is connected to the reinforcement fiber strand delivery system (40, 50) in such a way that the at least one reinforcement fiber strand (28) is fed from the strand spool (74) to the concrete component (1) , wherein according to a third embodiment, the reinforcement fiber strand delivery plant (40, 50) a mobile strand preparation means (62, 72, 82) and the at least one reinforcing fiber strand (28) is formed in the reinforcing fiber strand supply plant (40, 50).

7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one reinforcing fiber strand (28) is formed by impregnation with a mineral suspension (35) in that the impregnation process is carried out with a padder; the squeezing off of excess suspension (35) and the shaping of the cross section of the reinforcing fiber strand (28) take place with the aid of a strand nozzle (34) which is conical or funnel-shaped in the delivery direction.

8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the concrete layers (2) form a permanent shuttering and pourable concrete is poured into the permanent shuttering, the entire shuttering is filled at once or concrete layers (2) are formed, which according to a method Claim 4 can be provided with at least one reinforcing fiber strand (28).

9. Device for producing a reinforced concrete component (1), the concrete component (1) comprising a matrix material concrete and a reinforcement made of at least one textile reinforcement fiber strand (28), wherein a reinforcement fiber strand delivery plant (40, 50) as a device for delivering the reinforcement fiber strand (28 ), comprising an impregnation device (33) which forms the reinforcement fiber strand (28) soaked with a mineral suspension (35) from a yarn (20), characterized in that the reinforcement fiber strand delivery system (40, 50) relative to a substrate or a previously produced concrete layer (2) is movable and suitable for introducing the reinforcing fiber strand (28) according to a first embodiment into a concrete strand (4) which is discharged from an extrusion nozzle (6), according to a second embodiment onto an already applied concrete layer (2 ) to apply or according to a third embodiment on a vertical side surface of several ü superimposed concrete layers (2) of the concrete component (1) to be applied or to be introduced into the concrete strand (4) to be applied there, so that in each of the embodiments the reinforcing fiber strand (28) can be immediately or subsequently enclosed with concrete before the mineral suspension (35) is cured.

10. The device according to claim 9, designed for extrusion-based additive production of the concrete component (1), which is formed by at least one concrete strand (4) which is pressed out of an extrusion nozzle (6), which by means of a manipulation device for each concrete layer (2) in the plane of the concrete layer (2) is moved relative to the substrate or the previously produced concrete layer (2).

11. The device according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the reinforcement fiber strand delivery plant (40, 50) has a manipulation device which is designed as an articulated arm robot with three-dimensional mobility or as a portal robot with at least two-dimensional mobility in the plane.

12. Device according to one of claims 9 to 11, wherein a strand preparation device (62, 72, 82), a yarn spool (21) which receives a yarn (20), the impregnation device (33), designed as a padder or a Zwickelfoulard, comprises and furthermore has a strand nozzle (34) which is suitable for squeezing off excess suspension (35) and for shaping the cross section of the at least one reinforcing fiber strand (28), is conical or funnel-shaped in the extrusion direction and has a constant or variable outlet diameter .

13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the strand preparation device (62, 72, 82) further comprises a device (32) for pre-wetting which is suitable for wetting the yarn (20) with water prior to the impregnation process.

14. The apparatus of claim 12 or 13, wherein the strand preparation device (62, 72) is designed to be stationary and comprises a strand transfer (64) for supplying the at least one reinforcing fiber strand (28) to the reinforcing fiber strand delivery plant (40, 50), or wherein a device for Storage of the at least one reinforcing fiber strand (28) on a strand spool (74) which is provided for delivery to the reinforcing fiber strand supply plant (40, 50), or wherein the strand preparation device (82) is connected to the reinforcing fiber strand supply plant (40, 50) so that the direct delivery of the at least one reinforcement fiber strand (28) to the reinforcement fiber strand delivery plant (40, 50) can also take place during its movement.

15. Device according to one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the

Reinforcement fiber strand delivery plant (40) for the direct integration of the at least one reinforcement fiber strand (28) into the concrete comprises an inlet device (41) and a first pair of rollers (42) which conveys the at least one reinforcement fiber strand (28), a second pair of rollers (43) is provided, In order to deflect the at least one reinforcing fiber strand (28) in the direction of a horizontal position, a stripping device and a cutting device (44) are also provided, through which the at least one reinforcing fiber strand (28) is then conveyed, with a guide device (46) also being provided, with the help of the

Guide device (46) which is introduced directly into the extrusion nozzle (6) in the extrusion direction, so that the at least one reinforcement fiber strand (28) enters the one exiting the extrusion nozzle (6)

Concrete strand (4) is integrated.

16. Device according to one of claims 9 to 15, further comprising a

Closing device is provided which, during the concrete extrusion, closes without integrating the at least one reinforcing fiber strand (28) into the concrete strand (4) and is opened during the integration of the at least one reinforcing fiber strand (28) into the concrete strand (4) and which helps to prevent the extruded concrete from backing up in the guide device (46).

17. Device according to one of claims 9 to 16, wherein the extrusion nozzle (6) is designed such that the concrete to be extruded is divided into two strands and is inserted directly behind an opening through which the at least one reinforcement fiber strand (28) is inserted between the two strands can be brought together again for embedding the at least one reinforcing fiber strand (28) in the concrete.

18. Device according to one of claims 9 to 17, wherein the

Reinforcing fiber strand delivery plant (50) for delivering the at least one

Reinforcing fiber strand (28) is executed vertically downwards.

19. Reinforced concrete component, in which a lost formwork is filled with flowable concrete or shotcrete, characterized in that the lost formwork is formed from concrete layers (2) which is formed according to a method according to one of claims 1 to 8.

20. Reinforced concrete component according to claim 19, wherein the flowable concrete or the shotcrete is filled in layers and a reinforcing fiber strand (28) is applied according to a method according to claim 4 to at least some of the concrete layers (2).

21. Reinforced concrete component (1), which is manufactured additively based on extrusion, comprising concrete layers (2) which are formed by at least one concrete strand (4) which has been pressed from at least one extrusion nozzle (6), characterized in that a yarn is used as reinforcement (20) is provided, which is present for installation in the concrete strand (4) or between two concrete strands (4) or between two concrete layers (2) soaked with a mineral suspension (35) as at least one reinforcement fiber strand (28) which is present in the concrete component (1) is completely enclosed with concrete, the installation and the enclosing taking place before the hardening of the mineral suspension (35), the at least one reinforcement fiber strand (28) as longitudinal reinforcement (22), transverse reinforcement (24) and / or vertical reinforcement (26 ) is provided.

22. Concrete component according to claim 21, obtainable by a method according to one of claims 1 to 8.