DE1496618A1 - Verfahren zur Behandlung von Natronkalk-Glasgegenstaenden mit Kaliumsalz - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Behandlung von Natronkalk-Glasgegenstaenden mit KaliumsalzInfo
- Publication number
- DE1496618A1 DE1496618A1 DE19631496618 DE1496618A DE1496618A1 DE 1496618 A1 DE1496618 A1 DE 1496618A1 DE 19631496618 DE19631496618 DE 19631496618 DE 1496618 A DE1496618 A DE 1496618A DE 1496618 A1 DE1496618 A1 DE 1496618A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- potassium
- temperature
- samples
- treatment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 59
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 title claims 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title description 25
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 153
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 61
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 57
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 28
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 25
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 21
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 10
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxocalcium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+].[Ca]=O HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005336 safety glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011269 treatment regimen Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000015107 ale Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000008001 rakum palm Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000205574 Acorus calamus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011996 Calamus deerratus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000228957 Ferula foetida Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010020649 Hyperkeratosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001397173 Kali <angiosperm> Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000711981 Sais Species 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000285940 beete Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940075591 dalay Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 1
- SEISMQVOJUJKGE-UHFFFAOYSA-M ethyl 1,6-dimethyl-4-oxo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-1-ium-3-carboxylate;methyl sulfate Chemical compound COS([O-])(=O)=O.C1CCC(C)N2C(=O)C(C(=O)OCC)=C[N+](C)=C21 SEISMQVOJUJKGE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- GXHVDDBBWDCOTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ever-1 Natural products CCC(C)C(=O)OC1C(CC(C)C23OC(C)(C)C(CC(OC(=O)c4cccnc4)C12COC(=O)C)C3OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C GXHVDDBBWDCOTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003340 mental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001120 potassium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XOFYZVNMUHMLCC-ZPOLXVRWSA-N prednisone Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3C(=O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 XOFYZVNMUHMLCC-ZPOLXVRWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002040 relaxant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003763 resistance to breakage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102220019024 rs80358597 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- IHQKEDIOMGYHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dimethylarsinate Chemical class [Na+].C[As](C)([O-])=O IHQKEDIOMGYHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C21/00—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface
- C03C21/001—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions
- C03C21/002—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions to perform ion-exchange between alkali ions
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US22410562A | 1962-09-17 | 1962-09-17 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE1496618A1 true DE1496618A1 (de) | 1971-10-07 |
Family
ID=22839299
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19631496618 Pending DE1496618A1 (de) | 1962-09-17 | 1963-09-16 | Verfahren zur Behandlung von Natronkalk-Glasgegenstaenden mit Kaliumsalz |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE637510A (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE1496618A1 (enExample) |
| GB (1) | GB1010164A (enExample) |
| NL (1) | NL298010A (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2319814A1 (en) * | 2003-04-22 | 2011-05-11 | The Coca-Cola Company | Method and apparatus for strengthening glass |
| EP1628927B1 (en) * | 2003-04-22 | 2011-01-19 | The Coca-Cola Company | Method and apparatus for strengthening glass |
-
0
- NL NL298010D patent/NL298010A/xx unknown
- BE BE637510D patent/BE637510A/xx unknown
-
1963
- 1963-09-12 GB GB3595463A patent/GB1010164A/en not_active Expired
- 1963-09-16 DE DE19631496618 patent/DE1496618A1/de active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL298010A (enExample) | |
| BE637510A (enExample) | |
| GB1010164A (en) | 1965-11-17 |
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