DE148335C

DE148335C -

Info

Publication number: DE148335C
Application number: DENDAT148335D
Authority: DE

Description

KAISERLICHESIMPERIAL

PATENTAMTPATENT OFFICE

KLASSE 20/.CLASS 20 /.

Zur Bremsung elektrisch betriebener Maschinen wird vielfach der elektrische Strom benutzt. Der Gegenstand der Erfindung soll hauptsächlich bei elektrischen Straßenbahnen Anwendung finden und besteht in einer Vorrichtung zum Einstellen der Bremsstromstärke entsprechend der Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit elektrisch betriebener Maschinen, z. B. der Motoren eines Fahrzeuges.Electric current is often used to brake electrically operated machines used. The object of the invention is intended primarily with electric trams Find application and consists in a device for adjusting the braking current according to the speed of movement of electrically operated machines, e.g. B. the Engines of a vehicle.

ίο Trifft ζ-. B. ein Körper auf den an einem Straßenbahnwagen befindlichen Räumer und ist dieser mit dem Hebel verbunden, der auf den Stromschalter wirkt, so tritt der Bremsstrom sofort in Tätigkeit, unabhängig vom Wagenführer. Wenn nun die Bremsung auch sogleich eingeleitet wird, so wird ihre Wirkung doch wesentlich von der Fahrgeschwindigkeit beeinträchtigt, und da der Bremsstrom konstant ist, kommt der Wagen seiner augenblicklichen Fahrgeschwindigkeit entsprechend schneller oder langsamer zum Stehen. Bei Unglücksfällen spielt aber die Bremszeit eine sehr wichtige Rolle, und man .müßte zur Vermeidung von Unglücksfällen, derenίο Meets ζ-. B. a body on the on one Tramcar located scraper and this is connected to the lever that opens the current switch works, the braking current comes into action immediately, regardless of the Driver. If the braking is also initiated immediately, its effect will be but significantly affected by the driving speed, and since the braking current is constant, the car comes according to its current speed faster or slower to stand. In the event of an accident, however, the braking time plays a role plays a very important role, and in order to avoid accidents one would have to

Vorkommen mit steigender Fahrgeschwindigkeit wächst, den Bremsstrom so stark einstellen, daß der Strom auch bei der größten Fahrgeschwindigkeit ein rasches Halten des Wagens herbeiführt. Dies ist aber in der Praxis des schädlichen Rückstoßes wegen unmöglich. Man ist daher gezwungen, eine Reihe von Unglücksfällen als unabwendbar hinzunehmen, die vermieden werden könnten, wenn im gegebenen Augenblicke ein den Umständen entsprechend starker Bremsstrom zur Verfügung stände. :Occurrence increases with increasing driving speed, adjust the braking current so strongly, that the current keeps the Car brings about. In practice, however, this is because of the harmful recoil not possible. One is therefore forced to consider a number of accidents as inevitable to accept, which could be avoided if at the given moment to the Correspondingly strong braking current would be available under certain circumstances. :

Durch die vorliegende Erfindung soll dieser Übelstand vermieden werden. Die beiliegende Zeichnung stellt die neue selbsttätige Bremsschaltung eines Straßenbahnwagens dar.The present invention is intended to avoid this drawback. The enclosed The drawing shows the new automatic braking circuit of a tram.

Der Schalter 5 ist durch Hebel h mit dem nicht gezeichneten, beweglichen Räumer verbunden, so daß der Schalter umgelegt wird und die punktierte Stellung der Fig. 1 einnimmt, sobald der Räumer auf einen'Widerstand trifft. Die mit -|- bezeichnete Stromleitung führt zu dem Fahrschalter F und zu dem Widerstandsschalter W. In Fig. 2 ist der Fahrschalter F und der mit demselben auf gemeinschaftlicher Achse befindliche Wider-Standsschalter W dargestellt. Zu W wird der Strom durch den Kupferring k hinübergeleitet, welcher isoliert auf der Achse des Fahrschalters sitzt. An dem Kupferring k ist ein Schleifkontakt s angebracht, welcher in dem. Widerstandskasten W Widerstände ein- und ausschaltet. Die Schleiffeder s macht also immer dieselbe Bewegung wie die Kurbel des Fahrschalters. Fig. 4 zeigt den Grundriß des Fahrschalters mit neun Fahr- und vier Bremskontakten, letztere für gewöhnliches, direktes Bremsen mittels des Schalters. Fig. 3 zeigt den Grundriß des Widerstandsschalters. Dieser besitzt fünf Widerstände entsprechend der Schaltung «Fahren« (Kontakt 5 bis 9). Schaltet der Wagenführer auf »Bremsen« oder «Fahren« (Kontakte ibis4), so schaltet die Schleiffeder s keinen WiderstandThe switch 5 is connected by lever h to the movable reamer, not shown, so that the switch is thrown and assumes the dotted position of FIG. 1 as soon as the reamer encounters a resistance. The power line denoted by - | - leads to the travel switch F and to the resistance switch W. In FIG. 2, the travel switch F and the resistance switch W located on the same axis are shown. The current is passed over to W through the copper ring k , which sits isolated on the axis of the drive switch. A sliding contact s is attached to the copper ring k , which is in the. Resistance box W switches resistors on and off. The slide spring s always makes the same movement as the crank of the drive switch. Fig. 4 shows the plan of the travel switch with nine travel and four brake contacts, the latter for ordinary, direct braking by means of the switch. Fig. 3 shows the plan view of the resistance switch. This has five resistors corresponding to the "Drive" circuit (contacts 5 to 9). If the driver switches to "braking" or "driving" (contacts ibis4), the slide spring s does not switch any resistance

Claims

into the braking current. Does he switch z. B. on "drive" (contact 9), the slide spring s switches five resistors into the brake line. The resistance switch W therefore always produces a braking current corresponding to the driving speed for the braking current line b. The braking current, which is taken from the line in FIG. 1 and then acts on the illustrated eddy current brake B, is therefore always set by the driver in accordance with the driving speed. Otherwise, the faster the car drives, the greater the recoil of the car when the brake is suddenly activated by switch 5 (Fig. 1) and the braking current acts without being weakened by resistors. The switching arrangement for eddy current braking is as follows. The power supply line α coming from the drive switch is routed to the switch S, to c and via d to the motor M. The broken line b is the brake line. It comes from the resistance switch W and leads at S to the contact e. If the switch S is now thrown by the lever h, d. H. If the motor M is switched off and the brake B is switched on, the lever of the switch S makes contact with e and f. The braking current set by resistors in W according to the driving speed excites the brake B (Fig. 1) and brakes by generating eddy currents in the copper disk C driven by the motor or one of the car axles, the latter and also the motor. In Fig. 5, a similar circuit diagram is drawn only for short-circuit brakes. The letters in Fig. 5 and 6 have the same meaning as in Fig. 1. In Fig. 5, the braking current is not taken from the power supply line, but from the armature of the motor. If S is thrown, the motor is switched off and its armature terminals are short-circuited. The motor, which continues to run as a result of its living force, now generates current, which runs through the resistors W and brakes the motor. FIG. 6 shows the same arrangement as FIG. 1, only instead of the eddy current brake an electromagnetic brake is attached, which can only be used for tram cars. If S is switched, the braking current in B, which is set by resistors in W to match the driving speed, generates a magnetic field. The magnetic poles A and C exert a braking effect by, as it were, sucking themselves onto the rail. The circuit described above can of course also be used to brake any other electrically operated machine. In the case of trams, braking is initiated by the body hitting the scraper, regardless of the driver. In other electrically operated machines, braking is initiated by pulling the lever h (Fig. 1). Godfather nt-A ν Proverbs:

1. Device for adjusting the braking current according to the speed of movement electrically operated machines and vehicles, characterized by a switching device which at the same time as the switching device for the motor current (e.g. the drive switch) is set and a number proportional to the speed of movement of resistors in the braking current line on or off the same, so that the braking current strength depends on the speed of movement.

2. An embodiment in which the switching lever h on trams is connected to a scraper and the braking current is switched on automatically when the scraper hits a resistor. .

1 sheet of drawings.