DE1458998C3 - Method and system for hardening a longitudinal surface of an elongated metal part, in particular a steel rail, adjacent localized zone - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method and a system for hardening a longitudinal surface of a elongated metal part, in particular a steel rail, adjacent localized zone in which the localized zone of the metal part is progressively heated to a hardening temperature and thereafter is progressively deterred.

A method of the type described above is only a quenching process after heating the metal part, slot nozzles directed obliquely at the metal part with one another and are articulated with guides resting on the metal part to be hardened in such a way that they always follow the warping of the metal part that occurs during hardening, the surface to be hardened rinse with the detergent. The metal part should not be clamped (Austrian Patent specification 159 788).

It is also known to preform or bend steel rails before they are hardened to to compensate for the shrinkage that occurs after heating one side, e.g. B. the head of the Rail sections, while cooling takes place. A previous bending of the rails is a expensive and time-consuming process as it requires expensive equipment and also the The speed at which the rails can be heat treated is severely limited. Further, even with such prior bending, it has been difficult to obtain rails that are sufficiently straight after heat treatment without the need for additional straightening that creates undesirable stresses in the rail sections. Furthermore, in Usually hardened splints suffered considerable difficulty from peeling, cracking, and the like. (U.S. Patent 3,124,492).

The invention is based on the object of avoiding the above-mentioned disadvantages, i. H. economically and without any significant pretreatment or breaking of the metal part, this like that to harden so that it is free of tension over its entire length and does not tend to flake.

The solution to this problem consists in a method of the type described above, which thereby is characterized in that a plurality of straight elongated metal parts in succession Processes of progressive heating and quenching of the localized zone are progressively subjected and that on every metal part, the localized zone of which is at the hardening temperature, on in its longitudinal direction at a distance from each other

C5 a force is applied progressively in lying areas, to elongate its heated localized zone by a predetermined amount.

With such a continuous heat

3 4

treatment, a hardening is achieved that the front of a longitudinal cut or a cross section of a

avoids mentioned disadvantages and, moreover, with the Einrich- shown in Figs.

a substantially uniform depth with a machined hardened rail, and they show

The enveloping hardness pattern runs parallel to the surface of the metal part.

the hardening pattern with a uniform micro- 5 The device for hardening a longitudinal surface

structure and a gradual transition in that of a metal part according to the invention comprises means

Allows boundary layer area. for the supply of heat to this surface, means

A plant for carrying out this process for quenching the surface and means for

with a device for progressive heating applying a force to stretch the longitudinal surface,

the localized zone of each metal part to an io before it is fully quenched, so that if

Hardening temperature and a device for the steel object to cool down, it is absolutely straight

progressive quenching of the heated zone.

stands according to the invention in a device which the device shown in FIGS the straight, elongated metal parts immediately have a receiving frame 29 which has a supply through the heating device 15 of metal parts to be hardened such as rail sections and the quenching device extends through it. The metal parts 31 are attached to a gressively advanced, and in a facility that abim at loading station to a feed conveyor assembly 32 Each given distance from one another, which leads to overheating and overheating Metal part conveyed a force of adjustable deterrent structure 33. After the parts Size progressively applies and thereby the heated 20 have been heated and quenched, they become localized zone extends a predetermined amount from a discharge conveyor assembly 34 to an unloader. station 35 and finally to a dispatcher. There is a control panel 37 for moderate developments of the invention described, control of the device provided, from which also the characteristics of which are a flexibly usable and 25 dor flow of oxygen from a liquid, oxygen-transportable system and curvatures of the metal substance. containing container 38 by a rear part in the vertical and horizontal direction, also cooler 39 through and the supply of fuel gas enabled with continuous rails. and water in the manner described below

The invention will be controlled below with reference to FIG.

Drawing explained for example. 30 As can be seen from Fig. 1, three support

F i g. 1 is a plan view of a device formed to the receiving frame 29 to

for the manufacture of hardened metal parts according to form,

the invention; The metal parts 31 are on the frame 29 so

Fig. 2 is a front view of the device arranged to be seen across the frame Fig. 1; 35 stretch, one end of which into the unloading station 30

F i g. 3 is a cross-sectional view projecting along line 3-3. The charging station has two support posts

the F i g. 2; 48 on which a cross piece 49 is attached to

Fig. 4 is a horizontal section through which a chain lifting device 52 (Fig. 2) is inserted.

Drive mechanism taken along line 4-4 of Figure 3; depends is that of transferring the metal parts

Fig. 5 is an enlarged scale 40 serving the frame 29 in the infeed conveyor assembly 32,

tene side view taken along line 5-5 of Fig. 1, and the feed conveyor assembly 32 has two spaced apart

shows in particular the heating and quenching of each other and arranged parallel to each other,

kungseinrichtung; longitudinally extending I-beams 53 that close

F i g. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 6-6 of the end of the receptacle frame 29,

of Fig. 5; 45 The I-beams 53 are supported by stands55.

Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 7-7. Several rollers 54 are arranged on shafts which

the F i g. 5; in bearings 57 supported by the I-beams 53

F i g. Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 8-8 bar. The rollers 54 are on her

of Fig. 5; Top slightly above the upper flanges of the

F i g. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 9-9 5 ° I-beam 53. The roles are considerable

of Fig. 5; Width, so that they can hold heavy metal parts, such as

F i g. Fig. 10 is an enlarged scale head section, safe to carry.

tene, partially broken away side view of the first three rollers 54 (from the left end of the

Heating and quenching device according to FIG. 1 counted out) are free-running rollers while

Fig. 5; 55 the fourth roller is a driven roller that is close

11 is a sectional view taken along line 11-11 of the front end of the receiving frame 29.

theFig. 10; is arranged so that they one on the roll close to that

Fig. 12 is a sectional view of a metal part unloaded from the burner mounting racks 29.

the upper burner assembly; gen can. This fourth role 54 is through a

Fig. 13 is a sectional ^{view of} one of the burner 6o driven devices shown in Figs. 3 and 4

the lower burner assembly; is posed.

14A and 14B are cross sections through a gear train 61 is on a base plate

hardened splints, which by means of the in Figs. 1 to 62 arranged, which are located under the I-beams 53 to the side

13 device shown after the method borrowed extends to them. The gear transmission 61 is connected according to the invention with different Geschwin- ^C 5 with an electric motor 63, which with a

have been dealt with in order to achieve a hardened appropriate speed of e.g. 1.750U /

Create zones 9.5 to 12.7 mm deep; Min. Works. The electric motor 63 is by flange

15A and 15B are photomicrographs 67 connected to a coupling 66. the

5 6

Clutch 66 can be an air operated or hydraulic grip to hold the side guide rollers 74. Be in actuated slipping clutch. The clutch drives in the same way a shaft 68 which is rotatably supported 86 in bearings 57 , around which is steel and on which a roller 54 is fastened, a shaft 68 which is driven by the upper guide rollers. On the objects down in engagement with the drive shaft 68 , a sprocket 69 is also attached to the 5 NEN rollers 54 to press.

a chain 71 drives which in turn drives a sprocket 72 above the fifth roller (from the left end of the

(F i g. 4) drives which is arranged on a shaft 73 F i g. 1 off) a protective housing 99 is

is to drive the roller 54 arranged on it. which also serves to keep the gears

The conveyor structure 32 has a device, gear 61 and the associated Aniriebs-

which leads the metal parts 31 in the lateral direction to _{include 10} mechanism. The sixth roll 54 is

while they are being advanced, and a device covered with a case 101 . An idle

on, which on the metal parts a downward directional guide roller 74 is also through the device

exerted pressure so that it is covered on the drive housing oil. The seventh and eighth roles

rollers 54 attack with friction, in order to they inevitably 54 are covered with separate housings 102 . the

before moving. As shown in FIG. 4 it can be seen, has 15 ninth roller 54 is covered with a housing 103 ,

the device lateral guide rollers 74 , which on It is a device for driving the in the

Pins 75 are rotatably mounted, which rollers 54 , which are enclosed on the housings 102 and 103

Top of one of the I-beams 53 are attached. Close provided, and this device exists like this

each of the rollers 54 is a side guide roller 74 from FIG. 6 can be seen from a motor 106, the

provided, which is arranged in a stationary position on the 20 on a base plate 105 which is attached to the

I-beam 53 is arranged. The rollers 74 are attached along I-beams 53. The engine 106 is over

one side of the path of the metal parts 31 is an air operated slip clutch 107 with a

arranges them and serves them as a lateral reference guide. Speed reduction gear 108 connected. the

Along the other side of the path of the metal parts, motor 106 can be rotated with any suitable rotational speed

31 additional lateral guide rollers 76 are working on tapping speed, for example at 1,750 rpm, I

fen 77 rotatably mounted, which is attached to support arms 78 and the reduction gear 108 can increase the speed

are brought, the pivotable speed on a bolt 79 in a suitable ratio of z. B.;

which is attached to the I-beam 53 . Decrease 1,200: 1. The reducer 108 and j

An actuating motor 106 operated by a working medium is placed in a housing 109

Device 81 has a cylinder 82 which is closed on the 30. ">

I-beam 53 is attached, and a reciprocating The output shaft of the transmission 108 drives a

reciprocating piston rod 83, which is attached to a (not shown) sprocket, which is a chain 111

outer end is connected to the support arm 78 . drives, which in turn drives a sprocket 112 that

From Fig. 4 it can be seen that when the piston is mounted on a shaft 113 which is moved forward by in the rod 83, the lateral guide roller 76 35 I-beams 53 arranged bearings 57 is rotatably moved at an angle against the metal part 31 to it is supported. On the shaft 113 are additionally attached to its forward movement in engagement with the side sprockets 115 and 116 , the chains 117 guide rollers 74 to press. Drive on the return movement or 118 . The chain 117 runs over two of the piston rod 83, an additional space (not shown) sprockets, which are mounted on shafts (also between the side guide rollers 76 and the side 40 not shown), which the guide rollers 74 create to facilitate the passage of in the housings 102 arranged rollers 54 to drive ■ parts of larger size between them. It can therefore be seen that a considerable allowance. In this way, the metal parts 31 are driven by a number of rollers 54 in order to continuously advance the metal parts 31, which are continuously held in the same lateral position. ! In order to force the metal parts 31 into frictional engagement in particular, each with the driven rollers 54 is set so that the metal parts to be conveyed are advanced with an upper guide rollers 86 on stub shafts 87 at a somewhat greater speed , i rotatably mounted, as shown in particular from FIG. 3 as seen in the heating and quenching assembly j. Each stub shaft 87 is received on a 33 , so that each metal part 31 i support arm 88 is attached. The support arm 88 is at 50 in contact with the one preceding it and is pivotably arranged on a pin 89 which is supported by such an essentially continuous two upright part 91 , which is a metal part. j are attached to the I-beams 53 . It is a loading The conveyor structure 32 is used to transport the metal parts! Actuator 92 is provided which includes a 31 in the heating and quenching assembly 33 cylinder 93 attached to one of the upright 55 to move. This structure 33 contains means attached to parts 91 carried cross-piece, and for heating and quenching a longitudinal surface j has a piston rod 94, which is connected to the support arm of the metal part and has a frame 121 , which is connected from 88 on . four vertical tubes 122, 123, 124 and 125

The supply of work equipment to the actuation stands, which form a rectangular framework. The devices 92 and 81 controls, as shown in FIG. Four 60 tubes 122 and 123 can be seen on the longitudinally extending ones, a control switch 96, which attaches a post-connection part 126. One end of each follower part 97 has, which senses the position of the pulling connection part 126 resting on the ends of the subordinate support arm. As long as a metal part 31 passes through the I-beam 53 and the other end at a distance between the side guide rollers, from each other and arranged parallel to each other, the control switch 96 is controlled by the supply of 65 longitudinally extending I-beams 127, which provide a working means to the cylinder 82 actuated, thereby forming part of the discharge conveyor assembly 34. The effect is that the lateral guide rollers 76 have binding parts 126 instead of exerting continuous pressure to keep the steel objects 3Ϊ in the I-beams in order to cover the entire hardening

device to separate into several parts and their weight of the two devices 131 and 132 To facilitate transportation. The tubes 124 and 125 resiliently support. These funds consist of are on the I-beams 27 by support arms 128 a spring-loaded piston 161, which in a attached. Cylinder 162 is arranged. The cylinder 162 is on

The heating and quenching assembly 335 is attached to a crosspiece 163 which is expanded Above a heater 131 and parts 164 connected to the manifold 137 underneath a deterrent 132 which are attached. The spring loaded piston 161 is on are arranged within the frame 121. One end can be pivoted in a cross piece 166 Heater 131 includes a plurality of bearings attached to tubes 122 and 123 Burners 133. Each burner has a burner 10's. The other end of the piston carries a roller head 134 and a mixed gas pipe 136, which with 168, which can run on a cross piece 169, the a coolant manifold 137 is connected. Which is attached to tubes 124 and 125. It is Manifold 137 is used to indicate to the burner head that any desired part of the geein Appropriate coolant, such as water, weight of the devices 131 and 132 of the to feed. Each burner also has a combustion 15 spring-loaded piston that can be accommodated material feed tube 138, which is changed with another by only the force that is generated by the Fuel gas and oxygen manifold 139 connected springs located in cylinders 162 exerted is. Each burner also has a mixer. A weight can also be attached to the shoes 151 direction 141, which are arranged on the distributor 139 so that the shoes are always on the net and rest with it through lines 142 and 143 connected to the upper longitudinal surface of the metal part 31, is bound. The manifold 139 is on the manifold. However, the downward pressure is not intended 137 through tie rods 146 and spacers 147 cause the shoe to cover the area to be treated supported, as can be seen from FIG. deformed or damaged in any way.

The deterrent device 132 is also provided, which means that the

Way as the heater 131 is formed, 25 whole heater 131 and the whole abum greater flexibility in the use of the plant deterrent device 132 continuously and after enable. Each deterrent can squeeze generously in a lateral direction so that the also as burners or certain burners as side wear shoes 158, always with a side deflection device be used. If borrowed longitudinal surface of the metal part 31 engaged such interchangeability is not desired, 30 are available. As can be seen in particular from Fig. 9, the deterrent devices can be substantial, these means can consist of weights 171, be simplified. which are carried by steel cables 172, which over

The heating device 131 and the shut-off pulleys 173 arranged on the frame 121 Kungseinrichtung 132 run on the heat run and on the support arms 152 by means of a Treatment subject metal part 31 and 35 hooks 174 are attached. From the above led by him. There are two with a hard pad, it can be seen that one end is the one from the hit semicircular shoes 151, which are attached to the tongue device 131 and the deterrent longitudinal surface attack of the metal part, with the opposite 132 existing unit in the frame 121 Overlying ends of the heating device 131 is pivotally mounted, so that the whole structure and the deterrent device 132 can be pivoted about this one pivot point by support 40 arms 152 connected, and the device 131 and can, and that the other end with respect to the the device 132 can be moved laterally with one another by a frame 121, so that Connecting links 153 connected so that they can follow as the devices 131 and 132 and a unit can be moved. guided by the longitudinal surfaces of the metal part 31

A vertical and lateral adjustment of 45 is permitted, if this passes through the heating and shoes 151 with respect to the support arms 152 - deterrent structure 33,
As already said, each burner 133 is one

Mixing device 141 is assigned by a dovetail-shaped guide. This shows you are bound to a lateral movement to one another mixer body 176, in which a mixing unit 177 to enable. The support arm 152 is screwed into one 50, which is connected to a series of in-order plates54 fixed, while the other plate 156 lying in the catch direction at a distance from each other is attached to a support arm 157, which the openings 178 and one arranged parallel to them Wearing shoe 151. The support arm is provided with a slot with a further series of openings 179. the provided to its vertical setting with reference openings 178 and 179 open into annular on the plate 156 to allow. On each support arm 55 chambers 181 and 182, which are between the mixer-157 a lateral body 176 with a hard lining and the mixing unit 177 are also formed, See semicircular wear shoe 158 in front of and furthermore they stand with one in the mixer body seen. The shoes 151 and 158 engage at a provided passage 183 in connection, the The upper and one lateral longitudinal surface of the heat pipe is also connected to the mixed gas pipe 136. the metal part to be treated and serve to regulate the 60 Den chambers 181 and 182 Heating device 131 and the quenching quantities of gases via manually operated valves Means to hold 132 in the correct position when 184 or 185 fed into the mixer body the metal parts 31 move through them. 176 are arranged. Each of these valves is with

The heating device 131 and the Abschrek- a valve member 186 is provided, which by means of a Kungseinrichtung 132 are assigned to means 65 of the adjusting knob 187 can be actuated. The valves 184 and allow them a limited side and a 185 regulate the flow of gases through passages perform vertical movement. These means 188 and 189 through into the annular chambers also serve to hold a substantial portion of the 181 and 182, respectively. One in each of the passages 188 and

9 10

189 provided check valve 191 is arranged in a tion 231 in a reducer 232 and a pipe 233 connecting piece 192 . The passage opens. The pipe 233 in the burner block 201, 188 is connected to the hose 142 , via which a fuel is fed to the burner via passages 234 and 236 , while the mer 238 , which is in the water distributor passage 189, is in connection with the hose 143 is connected, 5 137 is provided. The chamber 238 is connected to the tube 122 by a hose 239 via the oxygen or another suitable gas,
is fed to the burner. The hose 143 is a large number of very small burner tubes 241

with the fuel gas and oxygen distributor 139 for the supply of the mixed gases with burner collars, so that it is provided with a chamber 194 in openings 242 in the bottom part 211 . The bond is in place. The hose 142 is connected to a chamber burner tubes 241 of various lengths and 196 of the distributor 139 . The chambers are at a considerable distance from each other 194 is arranged by means of a hose 197 with the acid so that cooling water can easily flow between them material feed pipe 124 and the chamber 196 by means of the burner surface formed by the bottom part 211 of a hose 198 with the fuel gas feed pipe relatively coolly connected to 125 (Fig. 9). 15 hold. The emerging burning mixed

From the foregoing it can be seen that the gases are expelled in directions that the right-fuel gas and the oxygen enter the mixer at an angle to the longitudinal surfaces to be treated of the regulated quantities and run intimately in it, as the arrows 212 indicate,
are mixed, whereupon the mixed gas pipe 136 coolant is supplied to the burner head under considerable

are fed. The tube 136 is supplied at a high pressure. Screwed into the water cooling chamber nerblock201, which is supported by the water 214 and only one outlet pre-distributor 137 , and it leads the mixed see, so that always a greater inlet pressure than out gases into a passage 202 in the block 201. A letting pressure is present and multi-section tube 203 is prevented from forming cavities within chamber 214,
extends into the passage 202 and performs the 25 As shown in Fig. 10 can be seen, for example, mixed gases into a passage 204 arranged side by side in eight burners 133 to which a supporting part 206 is formed, to form the a part of the heating means 131 . In the event that burner head 134 forms. The burner head 134 desires to use more than eight burners and consists of a generally rectangular box- a smaller number of deterrent-like frames attached to the support member 206 are the deterrent (Figs. 14 and 15) ). This box-shaped frame is formed in an identical manner. The barrier has two parallel side walls and two parallel kungseinrichtung are in the same way with end walls, which are cooled at their upper ends with the water, and the water distributor 137 is connected in the support part 206 , and fed with water at the lower ends in the same way. However ends, the side and end walls is a bottom part 35 in place of oxygen and fuel gas compressed fastened 211, so that a completely closed space created divider 139 of the deterrent means 132 zugeist in conjunction with the supporting part of air under relatively high pressure to the comparison 206, leads so that in the direction of arrows 212 cooling air

The bottom part 211 has a special configuration outlet.

tion, in particular to heat-treat the heads of steel rails, 40. The heating and quenching structure 33 shown in the drawing also has a lower heating element as shown in FIG. As can be seen from FIG. 12, the base device 246 , which consists of a plurality of parts 211, forms a relatively wide U-shaped arch 212, burners 247 . The burners 247 are arranged in a water distributor 248 through which the head of the rail passes and which can with the water, so that the water distributor 137 is connected between the bottom part 211 and the feed rollers 122 and 123 in the same way as the longitudinal surfaces of the rail to be heat treated . The burner head with a predetermined evenly spaced connection is also connected to a gas distributor 249 , space is created for the desired heat which is connected to the tubes 124 and 125 in the same way as the gas distributor 139 is connected to the manner described below. Keeping up. 50 before 251 lead the gases from the gas distributor 249 in

The mixer 252 enclosed by the box-shaped frame and the space enclosed by the mixers described above (FIG. 12) is identical by a partition 141. The gas is divided by the mixer wall 216 into two chambers 213 and 214 . 141 through a pipe 253 (FIG. 13) into a The chamber 213 stands as a mixed gas chamber with the passage 254 which is provided in a support part 256 in the support part 206 passage 204 in 55. A box-like housing 257 with connection. The chamber 214 is supplied as cooling water- four side walls 258 , water is supplied to the support part 256 via two pipes 217 , which solidify, and a burner surface 259 is provided in which the support part 206 is attached and the separators delimit a closed space. This space wall 216 penetrate. The two tubes 217 are divided by a partition wall 264 into a gas chamber with one another by means of a passage 219 and a 60 261 and a water chamber 262 . The tube 222 with a burner surface plate in front of the burner block 201 is connected to a large number of holes 223 shown . This is provided with openings provided in the water distributor 137 , which are arranged at a distance from one another. Burner tubes 267, which connect the what chamber 224 , penetrate by means of a serkkammer 262 , carry mixed gases. Hose 226 connected to the tube 123 . 65 from chamber 262 into the burner ports. the

The water is sucked from the chamber 214 through a chamber 262, cooling water is sucked through an inlet pipe, pipe 228 which is supplied with a passage 229 to 268 , and there is a pipe 269 for withdrawal which is connected via a vertical well of water from the Water chamber 262 is provided.

11 12

The tube 269 is engaged with a reducer 271 in the metal part 31 to be heat treated Connection that can connect or with an outer tube.

Water jacket 272 is connected to the through actuator 302 can

Water manifold 248 is connected in the same way between pressure rollers 291 and 316 as opposed to in which the pipe 233 with the water distributor 5 applied forces to the metal part 31, 137 is in communication. whereby in it a bending moment and thereby a

For example, three burners 247 are pre-elongation of the longitudinal surface to be heat-treated see (Fig. 10) to be caused to be heat treated.

Metal part heat to that described below. Upper stops are provided for arms 308.

Purpose to supply. io see which consist of cap screws 317 that

In order to protect certain parts of the heating / cooling element in a cross piece 318, which is carried from the direction against the very intense heat, the I-beams 53 attached parts 319 which are produced by the burners 133 are used. For the arms 308, lower stops, for example, two heat protection screens 276 are provided, which consist of posts 321, which are arranged on the I-beams 53 and adjustable with a layer 278 of heat insulating material as cap screws 322 are provided. The post 321 is covered with asbestos, which serve to the metal part 277, except that it is attached as a means of limiting the. The lower portions of the thermal shield downward movement of the arms 308 act, and shields 276 rest on the burner heads, as a means to prevent the arms 308 from falling, particularly in FIG. 7 and 9 can be seen, and to prevent 20 when there is no steel object between the rollers 291 and they are on the tubes 316 forming the frame 121,
attached. At the outlet end of the heating and quenching

Additional heat protection means are in the form of construction 33 is an additional hold-down roller provided by upward sloping, water-cooled 324, which are attached to the upper longitudinal surface of the Umbrella 281 are provided, which attack the frame 121 of the steel object to be heat-treated attached ^ and with a suitable insulating material, can. The roller 324 is arranged on a shaft 326 Bricks 282, are covered. The brick 282 net, which is rotatably supported in bearings 327, which opposed to the upper heater are supported by upstanding members 328 which 131 so that the flames and that generated by them are attached to the I-beams 127. Additional intense heat up and out of the roller 324 as part of the discharge conveyor assembly 34 The heating and quenching assemblies 33 are arranged in a similar manner. Further form be steered. several idler rollers at a distance from each other

During the time during which the heat 341 part of the conveying structure 34, and this metal part to be treated through the heating and oil is passed between the I-beams 127 on shafts 342 quenching structure, means are arranged in front, which in FIG observed on the I-beams 127 to generate the forces around the heat-resistant bearings 343 are rotatably supported,
The heating and quenching structure 33 to be treated longitudinal surfaces of the metal part

length and to ensure that the metal part after further contains rollers 346, which on the heat accessories Is cooling down. These means consist of a lateral pressure on the metal parts from a large lower pressure roller 291 (Fig. 10), 40 perform the purpose described below. The one The one with the lower surface of the heat-treated roller 346 is rotatable in a housing 347 the metal part 31 or, in other words, arranged with that at one end of one of the I-beams Surface can come into engagement which is to be pivotably heated by the ger 127 by means of a bolt 348 Longitudinal surface is removed or brought. The other of the rollers 346 is in one opposite it. The pressure roller 291 is rotatably arranged on a 45 housing 349, which by means of a Shaft 292 arranged in on support arms 294 bolts 351 at the other end of the I-beam 127 attached bearings 293 is rotatably supported and pivotably mounted. The housing 349 is with provided together with the pressure roller 291 via a chain wheel a lever 352, the free end of which by means of and a drive chain 118 attached to the motor 106, a pin 354 with a fork 353 pivotable is driven. One ends of the arms 294 are connected at 5 °. The fork 353 is with a piston the I-beams 127 by means of bolts 296 pivotably 356 of a lever that can be acted upon by work equipment. The other ends of the arms 294 are attached to the attachment device 357 by means of a pin 358 attached to a cross piece 298. pivotally connected. The cylinder 359 of the actuator

A fork 299 is attached to the crosspiece 298, and the transmission device 357 is attached to a platform 360 with a piston rod 301 of a large, through 55 the adjacent I-beam 127.
The two roller housings 347 and 349 are hingedly connected to the center 302, the cylinders 303 of which are connected to one another by a link 361 so that they move together in a slotted support ring 304. When the actuation of the opposing pivot pin 306 device 357 is acted upon by working medium, can be seen. On the pin 306 there are two connectors ⁱⁿ order to apply a force to the lever 352, then the extension link 307 which, by engaging the rollers 346 on the metal part 31 and the pin 309 hingedly connected to two arms 308, create a bending force in order to move in him are a curve. The arms 308 are to be forced onto pivot pins 311 or to ensure that all of the pivotally curved bearings that are removed from the metal part in openings on the I-beams 53, as fixed plates 312 are attached. In ^{Fig. 6,} 5 will be described below (Fig. 11).
Arms 308 attached to bearings 314 is a shaft 313 A strip 363 connects the ends of the I-beams

rotatably mounted on which a hold-down pressure roller 127 with each other and prevents them from during the 316 is arranged, which interacts with the upper surface of the working of the actuator 357

13 14

otherwise, the metal parts to be heat treated are in the unloading station 35 from a

applies lateral forces. Lifting device 394 (Fig. 2) lifted on a

Around the lateral movement of the roller 346 in the frame 397 is arranged. To limit the heat-treated directions, two spaced-apart metal parts are then dispensed onto the mutually spaced blocks 366 on a plate 5 sand rack 36, which is composed of a plurality 367, which at one end of the spaced and parallel to each other platform 360 is attached and is made on its other arranged reinforced frame parts.
The end of a strut 368 attached to the frame 121 is supported on the side of the heating and quenching structure. In each of the blocks 366 two catwalks 403 for the operating personnel are screwed into a head screw 369, which is marked with _lo . A locking nut 371 is provided on the catwalks 403 so that handrails 404 are provided.

The operation of the device for hardening with respect to the lever 352 can be fixed in a predetermined position. By inserting steel objects according to the method according to which the cap screws 369 can be made, the maximum invention is briefly described below. Steel lateral movement of the rollers 346 in both Rieh- _i5 rail sections 31 can be changed slightly from essentially conventional lines. Kind, the rails, a base 31a, a web 31b

So that in the heating and quenching and have a head 31 c , metal parts are removed from the structure, which are removed separately through it- receiving frame 29 and migrate one after the other, remain in lateral and longitudinal alignment, are at the loading station 30 on the feed conveyor structure 32 two rollers 373 are provided, which are delivered to the upper 20 in such a way that the front edge of each rail surface or the base 31 ″ of the section 31 to be heat treated with the first driven roller 54 engages metal part 31. The rollers 373 are engaged and advanced on. As soon as the bolt 374 is rotatably mounted, which are fastened in upright rail section 31 with its rear edge of standing parts 376, which in turn has run off on the first driven roller 54, the arms 294 z. B. are fastened by bolts 377. 25 a further rail section is applied to the feeder Wfinn the ends of two metal parts by the conveyor structure 32 so that its sub-structures 33 pass through, the rollers of the edge on the driven first roller 54 on-373 ensure that these ends are held down. engages.

The hold-down rollers 324 and the support rollers 341. The first driven roller 54 is provided with a serve to accommodate the metal parts after being driven 30 speed that is greater than the speeds it is in the heating and quenching structure of the other driven rollers 54 so that the have been heat treated. From the last track below, the previous track is quickly explanatory To set up, the metal part or the picks up and the front surface of the last rail Rail section during the heat treatment - the rear surface of the previous rail is in contact, curves so that the front end of each section 35. The rail sections are therefore permanently with you moved downwards, as shown in FIG. 2, in contact with one another, so that practically one interprets through is. For this reason the rollers 341 are present on going rail.

progressively lower points between the As mentioned above, additional are driven I-beams 127 provided around this curvature of the rollers 54 provided to advance the rails-metal part to effect. On the I-beams 127 40, and each roll comes with a slightly smaller one attached bolts, idle rollers are rotatably speed driven so that the rail sections arranged, which are continuously advanced on opposite sides of the. The for the Away from the metal parts and guide them to the side, the clutch used in the drive allows slipping, when they advance along the conveyor structure 34 when the rotation of the roller 54 advances more than one. 45 requires certain strength. This ensures that

There are additional means of cooling the metal - the process can be carried out continuously

parts provided when they come out of the heating and can.

Deterrent structure step out, and these means Further, lateral guide rollers 74 and 76 are provided from a plurality of electrically driven, which the metal parts in the lateral direction benen blowers 381, which lead to a support rod 382 50 on the predetermined path, the are arranged, which are located in the longitudinal direction between rollers 74 as a side reference guide for the rails see the I-beams 127 extended and serve on upright. The rollers 76 push by standing actuators Separate 328 by means of support arms 383 devices 81 automatically the rail sections is based. The fans 381 are with flexible nozzles against the side guide rollers 74, and upper guide 386 provided to press on the heated metal part cooling rollers 88 through the actuator air currents to judge that further cool him down. lines 92 also automatically control the bee sections

Additional cooling air is applied to the metal parts in the area against the rollers 54.

The moment in which it is removed from the heating and before the heat treatment, the heating

Deterrent assembly 33 step out by means of a deterrent assembly from the control panel 37

Tube 387 supplied, which is connected to tube 382, 60 put into operation by adding fuel gas and oxygen

is bound. The tube 382 is connected to the burners 133 of the heating device 131 via a tube 388.

connected to a compressed air source. and the burners are ignited. Approximately

The metal parts 31 are after they are heated- at the same time the burners 247 of the

have been treated, from the discharge conveyor upper heater 246 with fuel gas and

Bau 34 is continuously moved forward until it is 65 oxygen fed and ignited at the

charging station 35 arrive. There is in the foundation before the burner 133 and 247 is ignited

a recess 391 is provided which supplies cooling water to the elbow to the burner heads. The cooling

mung in the steel objects is adapted. The water can via a recooler 39 to the

15 16

Return burners. The cooling tubes are reduced with the rail created curvature and

Container 38 containing liquid oxygen also connected the formation of residual stresses in the

that to gasify the liquid oxygen before preventing rail.

it is fed to the burners. The liquid sour while the rail head through that of the

When it is gasified, the substance causes a heating zone formed by cooling 5 heating device 131

of the water. Such a system is very economical- it will be heat-treated

borrowed because only a small amount of water required longitudinal surfaces and parts of the rail head on one

is. This is important if the plant is transportable temperature in or above the critical range

is. heated to the surfaces or parts partially or

As a fuel gas can be converted completely into austenite under a considerable 10.

Pressurized cheap gases such as natural gas. Butane or after the longitudinal surfaces have been

Propane, can be used. Such gases produce, have been heated, the manner written

When they are burned with oxygen, tempera-rail is advanced to put the heated surfaces in the

Doors in the range of about 2,482 to 2,538 ° C. formed by the deterrent device 132

For example, it is possible to run the system very successfully 15 quenching zone in which it passes through the

rich with fuel gas pressures in the range of multitudes of small air jets over the heated ones

0.35 to 2.1 kg / cm ² to operate. Longitudinal surfaces are evenly distributed, quickly

The burners 133 are side by side along the line to be cooled. The heated areas will be on

Arranged way of the rail. In the case of the shown a temperature range in which martensite

Embodiment, each of the burners 133 formed with ao, cools at a rate that is the same

one hundred and thirty openings provided so that each or greater than the critical cooling rate

Burner produces one hundred and thirty jets of flame. of the heat-treated steel is to the desired

With the eight burners shown you can therefore obtain hardness.

1040 flame rays are generated, which due to the training of the deterrent Concentrated heat yielding over the 25 devices will air down over the web Longitudinal surface of the steel object to be heated and the base of the rail passed to these parts is very evenly distributed. to cool. However, no hardening occurs because

If the burners are left on, the land and base will not have been heated to the critical temp air under a pressure of 1.75 to 10.5 kg / cm ^2. When the rail is fed from devices 133 which form the shut-off device 132 moved out of the heating and cooling device, so that a large air volume is formed, it is flowed through the volume exiting the pipe 387 in the form of a multitude of jets Blower 381 coming air outlet, which radiate evenly over a relatively cooled even further.

large area are distributed, the largest dimension of which while the longitudinal surfaces are still hot

solution extends in the longitudinal direction of the rail. The 35 to the undersurface of the steel rail from the lower

Blower 381 is also put into operation, so roller 291 applies pressure by activating the

that the pipe 382 is supplied with compressed air, the device 302, the roller 291 up and the

exits the pipe 387. Pulls roller 316 down. The one from the bottom

After the heating and quenching pressure roller 291 pressure applied is sufficient to is to build put into operation, the rail 40 will cause the rail head c 31 is stretched around a forward 31 under the hold-down roller 316 and the determined amount so that the rail immediately below the support roller 54 is in the perfectly straight when it moves forward to the Umintensive highly concentrated heat, the ambient temperature has cooled.
is present in the buckle 212 that the when the head forms a track to a substantially burner 133 and the shaping of the 45-higher temperature than the other portions of the rail upper part of the rail head 31 c corresponding heated occurs in the rail a Curvature up. with a uniform gap between it is believed to be in the time that the torch and the railhead are located. this curvature forms in the rail, the heated one

The head of the rail section from the openings in the burner surface 211 due to the high

emerging flames run perpendicular to the 50 force that is required to compress

Longitudinal surfaces of the rail head 31 c, on which the other cool parts of the rail section to

the rays strike. The rays are deformed equally. It is assumed that this is the reason

shaped over the longitudinal surfaces of the one to be heated, because when the rail section cools down,

Splint distributed so that a highly concentrated after it has been curved in this way,

Surface heat is obtained which causes the hardening 55 an opposite curvature in the rail

occurs along the longitudinal surfaces during the passage and the ends of the rail sections

the heating zone can be bent downwards to the critical temperature.

heated. Since the burner 133 closed the head of the rail at the time during which the head of the

surrounded, a heat transfer along the web rail section is still very hot, this can

31 b of the rail down into the base 31 α of the 60 opposite curvature thereby avoided

Rail available. The heat will then be applied to the head of the rail section, i.e. H.

on the outside against the brick lining 282 and from the heat-treated longitudinal surfaces actually

this will be stretched by the heating and quenching, creating in the rail section

structure is directed outwards and upwards, so that a stronger curvature is generated than is normal

the burners and other parts of the establishment by 65 times would be the case if the rail

the heat will not be damaged. The warming section is only heated without touching it

of the bridge and the base of the splint is beneficial because pressure is applied. Since stretching the rail

as a result, which is carried out during the heat treatment in the head in the time in which it is heated

17 18

is, no residual section over the lower burner arrangement is caused in the rail section. This is also because and the rail section has gone away with the because, as discussed above, the web first upper roller 324 is engaged and the base of the rail is also given some ground pressure by the roller 291 while Degrees are heated. After the rail is full, the lower burner assembly is switched off. As soon as it has cooled down, the contraction soon causes the rear end of the rail section, except for the steel in the rail head, that the rail comes into engagement with roller 316 , when the bottom is removed from roller 291 in a final, perfectly straight state, which is returned . lower burner device 246 switched on again,

As can be seen from Figure 10, the extent ₁₀ is relatively portion to be heated around the last 50 to 75 cm of the base of the rail of the actual deformation of the rail. This heating the ends small. However, a relatively high force, the rail section must ensure that they are such. B. a pressure of 40 to 60 to from the lower do not bend upwards when the rail pressure roller 291 is applied to the desired section cools down to ambient temperature. On extension of the head of the rail in time, currency ₁₅ this way are perfectly straight, he is rail end hot, to effect. This pressure is obtained on sections.

the base of the rail can continuously and progressively engage the steel object as it is applied as the rail is advanced through the heating in the heating and quenching assembly 33 and quenching assembly. From the arrangement shown, it can be seen that the steel objects have a lateral curvature on the lower pressure roller 291 between the upper rollers and it is desired to straighten them, or len 316 and 324 are arranged so that there is no danger if it is desired to create a steel rail that could damage the burner or the curvature, for example when creating an upwardly directed rail section with a cheek device. There is pressure. 25 is actuated by the double-acting hydraulic. As described above, the heater device 357 is reached. Although this processing 131 and the quenching device 132 travel step in the illustrated system during 'arranged in such a way that it is carried out on the rail head of the time during which the themselves run in such a way that the burner heads metal part passes through the quenching heads, and the quenching heads very close to the rail head 30, this can also be done during the heating and sequencing and quenching process at a predetermined distance.

The rail sections after being heat treated and cooled through the heating and quenching assembly 33 will be moved by the rail. The rollers 373 ensure that when the discharge conveyor assembly 34 advances to the unloading or association junction between two rail sand stations, where they are picked up and transferred to sections by the heating and chopping frame onto the unloading frame, the rail sections pass on the kung assembly in them to cool down to the ambient temperature the structure can still be in alignment with each other. The curvature disappears as soon as they hold. Rail sections to the ambient temperature

A pressure 40 from the lower pressure roller 291 is cooled. No straightening is therefore only applied when the leading edge of the is required. The rails are a perfectly straight rail section with the first top roller 324 and ready to use. It is possible to have repeated surgery. Then, actuating device 302 is applied by applying pressure to the hardened rail sections 11.7 m in length. Once set that deviate from perfect straightness around the rear edge of a rail section other than 45 no more than 3.2 mm.
When the upper roller 316 comes into engagement, the steel hardening device can continuously pressure from the lower pressure roller 291 by applying the actuator 302 without hitting the upper heating device 131 and turning off the quenching device 132. It can therefore be seen that a ground pressure such that great uniformity of heating is only applied if the rail section is achieved in this way and the metal parts are quenched.
probably with the roller 316 as well as with the roller 324. The burners can large amounts of heat with is in engagement, which supply the lower pressure roller 291 at sufficiently low temperatures, so that next. In order to ensure that the steel surface is not damaged and that the rails are straight over their entire length, no change in the grain structure of the steel occurs by cooling it down to ambient temperature. Which have been supplied by the burners. Especially since no ground pressure is applied, heat is balanced with the ability of the steel to absorb the heat when the extreme ends of the rail section, so that the steel is counter heat treated, it is desirable to heat treat the board to any desired depth both their and their rear ends each rail section can be supplied without a risk to the upper ground heat after it has been more than 60 surface damage to the steel. The lower pressure roller 291 has gone off. Otherwise, the lower pressure roller could deform the base of the rail section more quickly. through the heating and quenching build-up

Therefore, the first about 50 to 75 cm long is regulated through it. Hence it is to the depth of the

Piece of the front end of each rail section 65 to increase the hardness zone of the steel objects, only

by means of the lower burner assembly 246 heat necessary, the speed of movement of the

fed, which contributes to the expansion of the base. Steel objects through the heating and cooling

As soon as the first 50 to 75 cm, lower each rail deterrent structure through it. The GE-

19 20

Desired hardness can also be easily changed, speed of movement of the steel rail by increasing the amount of quenching through the heating and quenching assembly device 132 supplied air is changed. When it goes through it decrease or increase. Example desired is to increase the hardness, the over way was the rail according to FIG. 14A with a the heated surface of the steel object guided 5 speed of about 55.8 cm / min, moved forward, Air volume increases and vice versa. This can be done while the rail according to FIG. 14B with a can easily be achieved by only moving the speed of about 50.8 cm / min Air pressure is increased or decreased. would. However, during the manufacture of the hardened

Hardened steel objects thus speed up from the raised rail as shown in FIGS. 14A and 14B improved quality compared to those io dity of movement due to the heating and get that with usual facilities and "deterrent build-up through the circumstance." drive are achievable. . limited that it was only possible to take natural gas

14A and 14B are shown as an example transverse pressure of 0.35 kg / cm ² in the burners to sections of rails that are used after. By increasing the natural gas pressure, the method according to the invention can be hardened on a device, the speed of movement of the rail through the device according to the invention. In the heating and quenching assembly through Figure 14A, at 411, a hardened zone has been increased substantially by approximately. Nonetheless, a depth of 9.53 mm was indicated, which envelops the head of the splint by using it under a pressure of. The hardened zone 411 extends over 35 kg / cm ^{2 of} natural gas possible, very satisfactory to achieve the top of the rail head and along its 20 results.

Side margins down to on the rail head Figures 15A and 15B show macro photographs

to create a hardened cap, the hardness of a longitudinal section or a cross section of a straight in Rockwell C-values and in Brinell-values flame-hardened rail, which is also with the in the middle of the hardened zone and on the one device according to the invention after which VerEcke are carried out. As can be seen, the 25 drive has been made in accordance with the invention, with hardened * zone 411 having a considerable depth which converts the hardness levels back into Rockwell C values and prevents the Brinell values formed on the rail head from entering are. To produce the hardened cap, it is rolled or peeled off. The macrophotographs were used as the etchant 8 percent hardness in the hardened zone decreases very term nital. From Fig. 15B it can be seen that gradually from the outer surface, and then 3 °, the hardness pattern is very uniform, and that there is a gradual transition of the hardness to the originally gradual transition to the normal hardness of the initial structure of the rail head, Rail is present, which again indicates that the so that in effect a transition zone 412 of the rail is stress-free over its entire length.
considerable depth is created. It can also be seen from FIGS. 15A and 15B that

Transition zone 412 increases the resistance to delamination considerably in the hardened zone and contributes to the fact that any remnants of the grain structure have occurred. Also is Eliminate tension in the rail after the grain structure in the hardened zone is complete it has been hardened. or predominantly martensitic.

When hardening rails, it is generally desirable that the surface hardness of the rail head 40 rails are difficult tests by means of about 100 points on the Brinell scale over the drop tests, roll load tests with regard to peeling, original normal hardness of the rail to increase. Subjected to slow flex tests and testing, as can be seen from Figure 14A, this is easily earthed where the rail sections have been reached before and after. It should be noted that the corners of the hardening have been welded together. If the hardened zone is slightly harder than the middle of the whole of these tests, the hardened rail hardened zone was found to be satisfactory because the corners heated faster. In particular, those showed fall and were quenched more quickly. This is a test that there were no residual stresses in the rail, a desirable feature as far as rails were concerned, after they had been heat treated because the corners were usually more exposed to wear.
than the other parts of the rail head. 50 It follows from the foregoing that the

Referring to Figure 14B, the hardened zone 411 invention has a new and improved hardened one has a depth of about 12.7 mm (Va ") and extends metal part and method and apparatus have been created again over the top of the rail head for its manufacture. If- and down the sides. It is also one of the most beautiful furnishings on the ground deep transition zone 412 formed. 55 assigns is shown, it can also be on an or

14A and 14B generally show that several rail vehicles or other suitable vehicles are arranged in the hardened zone of the rail head and operated on all planes extending to an outer surface. In this way, the system is essentially the same shape and the same hardness, especially for laying butt-welded joints. In other words, ^{60 is} continuous rails in that the rails are hardened with a very small change in hardness in the hardened sections either before or after the butt welded zone at equal depths from the outer surface.

of the rail head available. This is also although the device has been described as

desirable because it helps to uniform the ends of the rail sections soil heat surface wear is supplied to ⁶ of the rail head 5, if desired, may ensure a plurality. of additional hold-down rollers on the arms

To reduce the depth of the hardened zone 294 in the same way as the rollers 273 on the or to enlarge it, it is only necessary to have the other side of the lower pressure roller 291 attached

will. The rollers 273 and the additional rollers are arranged along an arcuate path, the corresponds approximately to the curvature introduced into the rail sections subject to treatment will. This prevents the ends of the rails from catching on the lower pressure rollers

316 and 324 to be deformed upwards. When using such an arrangement, the Supply of ground heat can be avoided.

The process is particularly economical because it allows the use of cheap fuel gases and because it works continuously.

For this purpose 4 sheets of drawings

Claims (6)

Patent claims: 1. A method for hardening one of a longitudinal surface of an elongated metal part, in particular a steel rail, adjacent localized zone, where the localized zone of the metal part progressively heated to a curing temperature and then progressively quenched is, characterized in that a plurality of straight elongated metal parts in sequence the operations progressively subjected to the progressive heating and quenching of the localized zone and that on every metal part, the localized zone of which is at the hardening temperature, a force progressively at points located at a distance from one another in its longitudinal direction is applied to elongate its heated localized zone by a predetermined amount. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the application of the force is a Elongation of the heated localized zone by such an amount that the metal part is straight again after cooling down. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the force on the Metal part is applied at right angles to the heated localized zone. 4. Plant for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 3, with a device for progressive heating of the localized zone of each metal part to a hardening temperature and a device for progressive quenching of the heated zone, characterized by a device (54, 61 to 73) which progressively advances the straight elongated metal parts (31) in direct succession through the heating device (131) and the quenching device (132), and means (291 to 324) which apply a force of adjustable size applies progressively and thereby lengthens the heated localized zone by a predetermined amount. 5. Plant according to claim 4, characterized in that the device for progressively advancing the succession of straight metal parts comprises a plurality of rollers (54) rotated by a drive device (61 to 73), some of which at a greater speed than the preceding ones in the conveying direction Rollers are rotated to ensure that the successive metal pieces travel forward end to end butting against one another. A plant according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the means for applying a force to each heated metal part to elongate its heated localized zone includes a lower roller (291) engaging the underside of the metal part and one at the top of the metal part engaging upper roller (316), which are connected to each other and to the support frame (53) by a steering system (294, 307, 308) which in turn is coupled to an actuating device (302) which, when it works, causes the lower Roller (291) and the upper roller (316) in conjunction with a further preceding upper roller (324) exert oppositely directed pressures on the metal part.