DE1458998A1 - Device and method for hardening a longitudinal surface of a metal object, e.g. one rail - Google Patents

Description

Device and method; for hardening a "longitudinal surface a metal object, such as B. a rail

The invention relates to hardened steel articles and to a method and apparatus for their manufacture. In particular, the invention relates to hardened steel rails and a method and means for creating hardened surfaces on steel objects such as rails.

Considerable effort has been made in recent years to do a technically feasible process and to develop a facility for hardening steel rails. To. the bleher developed and currently used procedure belongs to the one in which the rail is caused by flame or

Ihduktionaerhitzung is heated and then quenched with water, compressed air or another medium in order to achieve the desired hardness. The main difficulty in such procedures is that the splint, after being treated in this way , deforms so that it becomes.

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it is necessary to carry out additional work stages, to straighten the rails. This is generally undesirable time consuming and very costly.

For these and other reasons, much effort has been made to remedy this difficulty. For example Attempts have been made to pre-shape or bend the steel rails before hardening them to allow for drawing together to compensate after heating one side, such as. B. the head of the rail sections, during cooling takes place. Pre-bending the rails is an expensive and time-consuming process as it is an expensive one Requires equipment and also the speed at which the rails can be heat treated is considerable limited. Even with a solo previous bending it was also difficult to obtain rails that are sufficiently straight after the heat treatment without additional straightening is necessary, which is in the Rail sections causes undesirable stresses. Furthermore, rails hardened in the usual way have proven successful raise considerable difficulty due to peeling, cracking and the like. In view of the above, there is a need for an improved hardened steel article and a new and improved method and apparatus for its manufacture.

A general purpose of the invention is to provide a new and improved hardened steel article such as B.

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a track, as well as a procedure and a facility for to create its production, by means of which the aforementioned disadvantages are eliminated.

Another purpose of the invention is to provide a hardened steel article that has hardened parts or has zones of substantially uniform depth extending inwardly from its surface.

Another purpose of the invention is to provide a hardened steel article of the above kind *, where there is a gradual transition at the interface between the hardened zone and the remaining unhardened part of the Object is present.

Another purpose of the invention is to provide a To create hardened steel object of the type mentioned above, which after the heat treatment over its entire length% free of tension lit ·. '

A secondary purpose of the invention is to provide a hardened steel article of the above type in which the hardening pattern of the hardened zone is substantially uniform in a plane which is substantially parallel to the plane of the longitudinal hardened surface of the article. . yy

One tfilterer Zwaok of the invention is to use a hardened at öem dl> designated zone a very desirable equilibrium

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Another purpose of the invention is to provide a hardened steel article of the above kind, the additionally desired physical properties, such as. B. has a high resistance to peeling.

Another purpose of the invention is to provide a hardened steel article of the above kind, which can be produced easily and economically.

Another purpose of the invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for producing hardened To create steel objects, according to many, it is possible to continuously heat treat the steel objects.

Another purpose of the invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for producing hardened To provide steel articles according to which no straightening of the articles is required after being heat treated have been.

Another purpose of the invention is to provide a method and a device of the type mentioned above, those for new and used steel objects, for example Applicable to steel rails that have been put into use without significant prior treatment are.

Another purpose of the invention is to provide a method and a device of the type mentioned above create, according to which an essentially perfect straightness in both vertical and horizontal

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Direction can be obtained without a realignment.

Another purpose of the invention is to provide a method and a device according to which in the steel objects curvatures or bends in a vertical direction or horizontal direction can be provided.

Another purpose of the invention is to provide a method and a device of the type mentioned above create where a pressure is applied to the steel objects before it has completely cooled down.

Another purpose of the invention is to provide a method and a device of the type mentioned above create that for laying continuous rails, for example by butt welding of rail sections can be used according to the Schlatter process.

Another purpose of the invention »is to provide a To create a process and a device of the type mentioned above, in which the savings achieved and the Flexibility are important.

Another object of the invention is to provide a device of the above type which is easily transportable, so that it can be conveniently moved from one place to another, or which can be placed on wheels so that it can be continuously moved Laying hardened rails can be used.

The invention is explained below with reference to the drawing

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for example explained.

Pig. Figure 1 is a plan view of an apparatus for making hardened steel articles according to the invention.

B ¹ Ig. FIG. 2 is a front view of the device of FIG. 1.

Fig. J5 is an enlarged scale Cross-sectional view along line 5-3 of FIG. 1, and she shows a frame to be taken: Purpose hardening.

4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 4-4 of FIGS. 2, showing the drive mechanism for driving certain drive rollers of the feed used in the upstream conveying means from b.

Fig. 5 i ^sfc oil * ¹ waagerecnter section through the driving mechanism along line 5-3 of Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a side view on an enlarged scale; along line G-6 of Fig. 1, and particularly shows the killing and scraping. icungsaufbau, the one Tuil der. Establishment forms.

Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 7-7 deeper Fig. Ö.

Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 6-8 Fig. 6.

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Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 9-9 the Pig * 6.

Pig. 10 is a cross-sectional view along lines 10-10 the pig. 6th

Pig. Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 11-11 the pig. 6th

Fig. 12 is a partially enlarged scale Broken side view of the heating and covering on the building according to Fig. 6.

Fig. 13 is a sectional view taken along line 13-13 of the Fig. 12.

Fig-I ¹ I- is a cross-sectional view of one of the burners of the upper burner assembly of the heating and cooling system.

FIG. 15 is a view taken along line 15-15 of FIG.

Fig. 16 is a cross-sectional view taken along line ΐ> -1β of FIG. 14.

Fig.17 is a sectional view of one of the burners of Figs lower burner assembly of the heating and quenching assembly.

Fig.18 is a view along line I8-I8 αer Fig. I7.

Fig. 19 is a cross-sectional view taken along line I9-I9.

of Fig. 1, and it particularly shows the dispensing rack for storing the steel objects, after they have been heat treated. ■

Fig.20A and 20B are cross-sections through hardened

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Rails, which by means of the device shown in Figures 1 to according to the method according to of the invention have been treated at different speeds to produce hardened zones to produce from 9.5 to 12.7 "with a depth" Figures 21A and 21B are photomicrographs of a longitudinal section or a cross section of a device with the device shown in FIGS. 1 to 19 produced hardened splint, and they show the enveloping hardening user.

The means for curing a longitudinal surface of a steel article according to the invention generally comprises Mitfcel for supplying heat to this Pl · to #ie critical to oil · Temperature of heating, means for quenching the surface and means for applying a force to the longitudinal surface to stretch, before she eats completely deterred, so that when the steel object cools, it is absolutely straight.

The device for hardening steel objects shown in FIGS. 1 to 19 has a receiving frame 29 which carries a supply of steel objects to be hardened, such as rail sections 51 *. The articles 31 are delivered at a loading station to an infeed conveyor assembly J2 which conveys the articles to a heating and quenching assembly 35. After the objects have been heated and quenched, they are guided by a delivery conveyor assembly 3 ¹ * to an unloading station 35 and finally

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delivered to a shipping rack 36. It's a switchboard 37 provided for controlling the device, of which also the flow of oxygen from a liquid oxygen containing container 38 through a converter 39 and the supply of fuel gas used in the facility and water in the manner described below being controlled.

As can be seen from Fig. 3, the receiving ^{frame 39 consists of} 3 ^m spaced from each other and parallel to each other arranged reinforced support structures 41 _Λ each of which has a downwardly and forwards inclined upper surface 42, which

«With a suitable material, such as a section of steel line 43, is occupied. As can be seen from FIG three reinforced support structures 41 are provided to form the frame 29.

Pie heat-treated steel items '31 are on the frame 29 go arranged that it extends across the Extend the frame. The lower end of the receiving frame 29 protrudes into the unloading station 30. The charging station points two support posts 48 on which a cross piece ^ 9 is attached is * that carries a davit 51. In the davit 51 is a chain Rhu & ^ rrichtung 52 (Fig. 2) hooked, which leads to the Transferring the steel objects from the frame 29 to the & uführförderauftaw 32 serves.

. The ^ ufiihf conveyor assembly 32 has two spaced apart and arranged parallel to each other, see lengthways

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stretching I-beams 53, which are arranged near the lower end of the receiving part 29. The I-beams 53 are in an appropriate manner, e.g. B. supported by stand 55. A plurality of rollers 5 ^ are arranged on shafts 56, which are rotatably supported in bearings 57 carried by the I-beams 53. They can be seen in particular from FIG. 3 is, the rollers 54 are arranged aerart that they are at their top slightly above the upper planes of the I-beam 53 protrude. The rollers have a considerable width so that they are able to handle heavy steel objects, like rail sections, carry them safely.

The first three rollers 54 (counted from the line end of the E ¹ Ig.) Are free-running rollers, while the fourth roller is a driven roller, the one near the front

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Arranged at the end of the receiving part 29 * so that they have a unloaded onto the roll near the receiving frame 29 Steel object can move forward. This fourth role 54 becomes driven by an appropriate device that in Pig. 4 and 5 is shown. A gear mechanism 61 is arranged on a base plate 62, which is located under the I-beams 53 extending laterally to them.

The gear train 61 is provided with an electric motor 6-5 connected, which with an appropriate speed of z. B. 1750 overnight stays. is working. The electric motor 63 is through. Splash 67 t. Connected to a coupling 66 »The coupling .-cann from an air operated or hydraulic operated

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Slipping clutch exist * The clutch drives a shaft 68 on, which is rotatably supported in bearings 57 and on which a holle 54 is attached. On the wave 68 ^ iBt also " a sprocket 69 "attached, which drives a chain 71," which in turn eifi sprocket 72 (Fig. 5) drives that on a shaft? 3 is arranged around the Drive roller 54. '

The conveyor structure 32 has a device which guides the steel objects 31 in the lateral direction while they are being advanced and a YöjsPiöhtuftg which is directed downwards on the steel objects 31 Bruok; exerts so that they attack the drive rollers $ 4 no friction in order to their inevitable yor movement . As can be seen in FIGS. 3 and 5, the device which guides the steel objects 31 laterally has side guide rollers 74 which are rotatably mounted on pins 75, which are attached to the upper side of one of the I-beams 53 Each of the rollers 54 is provided with fine lateral guide roller 74, which is arranged in a stationary position on the I-beam 53. The rollers 74 are arranged along one side of the path of the objects 3 ¹ and serve as a lateral reference guide for the steel objects 3I.

Additional lateral guide rollers 76 are provided along the other side of the path of the steel counter-members 31, < which are arranged on the other I-beam 53. These senior leadership roles 76 are rotatably mounted on journals 77;

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are attached to support arms 78 * The support arms 78 are pivotally mounted on a bolt 79 which is fastened to the I-beam 53. A device is provided which intervenes each of the rollers 76 around its pivot pin ^; which shifts lateral positions and which consists of a fluid operated actuator 81. The device 81 comprises a cylinder 82 attached to the I-beam 53 and a reciprocating piston rod 83; which is connected to the support arm 78 at an outer end.

From Fig. 5 it can be seen that when the piston rod 83 is advanced, the side guide roller 76 is angularly moved against the steel article 31 to urge it into engagement with the side guide rollers as it advances. As the piston rod 33 moves back, additional space is created between the side guide rollers 76 and the side guide rollers Jk to allow the passage of larger sized articles between them. From the foregoing it can be seen that the purpose of the side guide rollers 76 is to keep the steel objects 3I to be handled by the conveyor structure 32 continuously in the same lateral position by causing them to engage the side guide rollers 74, the stationary side Have layers.

As already mentioned above, a device is also provided which the steel objects in engagement with the

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Rolls 5 ^ and in particular with u.en driven rollers 5 ¹ * presses. This device * has upper guide rollers 86 which are arranged above some of the driven rollers in order to ensure that the driven rollers 5 ² I - the objects 31 - inevitably and continuously move forward. The upper guide rollers 86 are rotatably mounted on stub shafts 87, as shown in particular

Fig. 4 can be seen. Each stub shaft 87 is attached to a support arm 88. The support arm 88 is pivotably arranged on a pin which is supported by two upright parts 91 which are fastened to the Ϊ-beams 53. Means are provided which move the support arm up and down and which consist of an actuator 92 operated by working means, which has a cylinder 93 * which is attached to a crosspiece 93 carried by the upright parts 9I, and a piston rod 9K , which is connected to the support arm 88 ".

A device is provided which controls the supply of working medium to the hold-down actuating device and also to the lateral guide actuating device 81. As can be seen from FIG. 5, a control switch 96 is provided with a sewing follower part 97 which senses the position of the associated cantilever arm. As long as a steel object goes through between the side guide rollers, like the letter holder 96 actuated by the supply of sw && m cylinder head 82, which causes

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That is, the side guide rollers J6 apply pressure to keep the steel articles 5I engaged with the side guide rollers 74 »

. A protective housing 99 is disposed over the fifth roller (counted from the left end of FIG. 1) which also serves to enclose the gear train 61 and the associated drive mechanism. The sixth roller 54 is covered with a housing 101. An idle lateral guide roller ¹ Jk is also covered by the housing 101. The sfebte and eighth role ^ H are covered by separate housings 102nd The ninth bolt 54 is covered with a housing 10j5.

There is provided an apparatus for the totrieb the trapped in the housings 102 and 1O ^ rollers 54, and this device is, as is apparent from FIG »J, from an engine I06, which is arranged on a base plate 105, which at the I-beams 55 is attached »The motor 1O6 is connected to a speed reduction gear 1O8 via an air-operated slip clutch 107. The motor T06 can rotate at any suitable speed, ζ. B. ii.it 1750 rpm, and the reduction gear 108 can adjust the speed in a suitable ratio of e.g. B. decrease 120OiI. The Redu-

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ornamental gear 108 and the motor 10ό are in a housing IÖ9 locked in"

The output shaft of the transmission 106 drives a (not shown) sprocket which drives a chain f1i * which in turn drives a sprocket 112 secured to the j on a shaft 115. van in the I-Trlgem 53 arranged bearings §7 is rotatably supported. On the shaft'113 additional chain wheels II5 and 116 are attached, which drive chains II7 bks * 118. The chain 117 runs over two chain wheels (not shown) which are fastened to shafts, also not shown, which drive the rollers 5 ^ arranged in the housings 102. It can therefore be seen "that" a large number of clusters 54 are driven in order to continuously advance the steel objects © 31

Pas gearbox 61, the engine 106 and the associated Speed reducers 108 are with means provided, through which the output shaft speed is adjusted · The speed of these devices will usually adjusted so that the steel objects to be carried are advanced at a slightly greater speed than they are in the heating and deterrent assembly be recorded so that each steel object 3I wit the previous steel object is in contact and such a steel object that appears to be continuous in its essence is available. As soon as a steel object hits the

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When the superstructure 32 is delivered, the fourth roller (front counted left end of Fig. 1) on the underside of the steel object, uia it in engagement with the steel object to move that has just been moved forward, and to leave it very shortly afterwards, to your rear end of the to attack the preceding steel object and constant contact with this.

The conveyor structure 32 serves to carry the steel objects 3I into the heating and quenching assembly 33. This structure 33 contains means for heating and quenching a longitudinal surface of the steel object and has a frame 121, which consists of four vertical tubes 122, 123, 124 and 125 which is made up of a rectangular framework form. The tubes 122 and 123 are attached to longitudinally extending connectors 126. One end of each This connecting part 126 rests on the ends of the I-beams 53 and the other end on at a distance from each other and longitudinally extending I-beams 127 which are arranged parallel to one another and which form part of the discharge conveyor structure 34 form. The connecting parts 126 are provided instead of continuous I-beams in order to enable the entire Curing device separate into several parts and their To facilitate transportation to different locations. If necessary but could also use continuous I-beams for the whole Facility to be used. Tubes 124 and 125 are on the I-beams 127 by appropriate means such as

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iragarne 128 attached.

The heating and quenching assembly 33 has an upper heating device 1j5i and a protection device 1j52, which are arranged within the frame 121. The upper heating device I3I comprises . a plurality of burners 133 · Each burner may have one Burner head 134 and a mixed gas pipe I36, which with a coolant manifold I37 is connected. The distributor 137 is used to give the burner head a suitable To supply coolant, such as WassJj. Every burner also has a fuel supply pipe I38, which is connected to is connected to another distributor Ij59, which is used as a fuel gas and oxygen distributor can be called. Furthermore, each burner has a mixer device on, which is arranged on the distributor 139 and with ihu connected by bent lines 142 and I4j5. Of the Distributor 1> 9 is on the distributor I37 by appropriate Means, such as tie rods 146, which extend through both manifolds and spacers 147 therethrough, which are arranged on the tie rods between the distributors, as shown in particular in FIG. 14 can be seen. *

In the illustrated embodiment, the deterrent is 132 in an identical manner to the Heating device I3I designed to be larger Flexibility in. To enable use of the facility. Every

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Recording device is identical to the one Burners 1 ^ 3 designed to enable the sealers can also be used as burners or certain burners as sealing devices Can. If such interchangeability is not desired, the deterrent devices can be considerably simplified because it is usually only necessary to use a mediurii, namely air, as a deterrent for the heat-treated To feed steel object.

Means are provided to enable the heating device 131 and the deterrent device 1J2 run on the steel object j51 subject to the heat treatment and be guided by it. These means include

· Two semicircular shoes 151 provided with a hard support and which attack the surface of the object that is to be heat-treated. The shoes I5I are connected to the opposite ends of the heater 1J51 and the deterrent device 132 by support arms I52, and the device 1j51 and the device 1352 are connected to each other by a connecting link 152 so that they can be moved as a unit »

Means are provided for vertical and lateral adjustment of the shoes I5I with respect to the support arms I52 allow, and these means consist of two panels 15 ^ and 156 * which are connected by a dovetail shape Leaders are linked to lateral movement

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to allow one plate with respect to the other plate. The support arm 152 is attached to one plate 15 ² J--, while the other plate I56 is attached to a support arm 157 which carries the shoe 15I. The support arm 157 is provided with a slot to allow its vertical adjustment with respect to the plate 156. A side semicircular wear shoe I58 provided with a hard coating is also provided on each support arm 157. The shoes 15I and 158 engage an upper longitudinal surface and a lateral longitudinal surface of the object to be heated and serve to hold the heating device 15I and the deterrent device 152 in the correct position as the objects j51 move through them.

The heater I3I and the deterrent r facility I32 are allocated funds that allow them to 'Limited lateral movement and vertical movement to execute. These funds also serve to create a ■ essential part of the weight of the two devices 151 and 152 to be resiliently supported. These funds consist of a, spring-loaded piston 161, which is in a cylinder 162 is arranged. The cylinder 162 is on a crosspiece 16? attached, which is connected to expansion members 164 which are attached to the manifold 137. The spring-loaded piston I6I is pivoted at one end in a Q, uerstüek 166, which is attached to tubes 122 and 12J. The other end of the piston carries a roller 167, which on etoem

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Crosspiece I69 attached to tubes 124 and 125 can run. From the illustrated arrangement it can be seen that any desired portion of the weight of the devices 15I and 1552 can be taken up by the spring loaded pistons by merely changing the force exerted by the springs located in the cylinders 162. It should be noted, however, that a sufficient weight to be applied to the upper shoes 151 so that the upper shoes always rest on the upper Längsfläohe the subject of the treatment object $ \. However, the downward pressure should not be sufficient to cause undue wear to the shoe or to cause the shoe to deform or in any way damage the area to be treated.

Means are also provided which cover the whole of the world. Heating device 1j5l that the entire deterrent device 152 is continuous and flexible in the lateral direction so that the lateral wear shoes I58 always with a lateral longitudinal surface of the object 3I in Engagement stand. As can be seen in particular from Fig. 10, these means may consist of I7I weights that are of Steel cables I72 are worn, which are over on the frame 121 arranged pulleys 173 run and on the Tragar- j Men 152 are attached by means of a hook 174. From the * j The foregoing shows that one end of the heating device 15I and the protection device 1J52

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existing unit in the frame 1:21: is pivoted so that "the whole structure can be pivoted about this one pivot point, and that the other end can be moved laterally with respect to the frame 121, so that the devices 1.J1 and 132 can follow and be guided by the longitudinal surfaces of the object 31 as it passes through the heating " ¹ " and "1" straightening structure 33.

As explained above, a mixing device 141 is assigned to each burner 133. This mixing device has a mixer body Τχβ. A mixing unit 177 is screwed into the body I76 and is provided with a row of openings 178 spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction and a further row of openings T79 arranged parallel thereto. The openings I78 and I79 open respectively into annular chambers 181, 182, which are formed between the mixing ^ fcarper I76 and Miseheinheit 177, utiii fme & ev they are associated with a shear Mi body vorgesehejien Durehfgmg 1 $ 3 in conjunction,!, Further with the MischgaBTohr 136 vie ^ bundieia .is,

Itexi chambers tSi and 182 are controlled quantities of gases tl & er handi ^ ij;: actuatable valves 183 or. Each of these '"tfentile is mJtij. © Ünem Terpfeil ^ lied 186 vsrsehen that means" .etees i ^ allkKogfesp 1 · 87 teetäti ^ tart ¹ Isafe. " The valve "183 wid

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through into the annular chambers 181 and 182, an in check valve provided for each of the passages 168 and 189 191 is arranged in a connector I92. The passage 188 is connected to the viewing tube 142, via the fuel is supplied to the burner while the passage I89 is connected to the hose 14J through which Oxygen or another suitable gas is supplied to the burner. The hose 143 is with the fuel gas and Oxygen manifold 1j59 connected so that it is connected to a chamber I94 communicates. The hose 142 is with a Chamber I96 of distributor I39 connected. Chamber 194 is by means of a hose I97 with the oxygen supply pipe 124 and the chamber I96 by means of a hose I98 with the Fuel gas supply pipe 125 connected.

From the foregoing it can be seen that the fuel gas and the oxygen enter the mixer in controlled quantities and are intimately mixed in it, whereupon they are fed to the mixed gas pipe 136. The pipe 156 is a burner block 201. which is carried by the water manifold 157, and it guides the mixed qase into a passage 202 formed in the block 20T. A pipe 203 consisting of several sections extends into the passage 202 arid leads the triisciitaen ßase .in 'a passage 204 _s which is aosg-eblldet in a support part 206, which part of the burner head it -f £ $, - Mldet, «The burner head 134 consists of one in the wes-discharged

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box-like Rphmen 207, the other support part 2ö6 is attached (Fig. 14 and Vj ). This box-shaped frame 207 has two parallel, side walls 208 and two parallel end walls 209, which are connected at their upper ends to the support part 206, and at the lower ends of the side and end walls, a bottom part 211 is attached, so that in connection with the support part 206 a completely closed bar is created.

The bottom part 211 has a special configuration so that the burner is particularly suitable for steel frameworks of special shape and in particular the heads of steel rails shown in the drawing to be heat treated. As can be seen in particular from FIG. 14, the base part 211 is shaped such that it has a relatively creates a wide U-shaped recess 212 through which the Head of the rail can go through «. Preferably the ^ Bottom part 211 shaped so that between it and the Longitudinal surfaces of the Sehienenkopf to be heat treated a predetermined Even space is created to achieve the desired heat treatment as described below to obtain.

The space enclosed in the box-like frame 207 attached to the support part 06 is divided into two separate chambers 213 and 21 by a transverse partition wall 216 fastened to the side walls 208 and the end walls 209. The K-naüier 21J can be used as a mixed gas animal:

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are drawn because they are provided with the in the support part 206 Passage 204 communicates. The chamber 214 can be referred to as a water cooling chamber because its water is supplied via two tubes 217, which are mounted in the support part 206 and extend through the partition wall 216 stretch through. The two tubes 217 are connected to one another by a laterally extending passage 218, which is provided in the support part 206. A longitudinally extending passage 219 connects the passage 218 with a vertically extending passage 221 which is provided in the support part 206. Dor passage 221 is connected by means of a tube 222 to a passage 222 provided in the burner block 201. This passage 223 stands with a chamber provided in the water distributor 137 224 in connection, which by means of a hose 226 with the pipe 123 is connected.

Water is passed from the chamber 214 through a pipe 228 that extends upward through the partition wall 216 and communicates with a passage 229 which is provided in the support part 206. The passage 229 is a vertical passage 23I. in connection, which is also provided in the support part 206. The passage 23I opens into a reducer 232 and Tube 233. The tube 235 is placed in the burner block 201 and opens into a cylindrical passage 234, which is with an upwardly extending passage 236 in communication

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stands. The passage 2j56 stands with a chamber 2 ^ 8 in Connection provided in the water manifold 157. The chamber 2j58 is connected to the tube by a hose 239 122 connected.

A large number of very small burner tubes 241 are for supplying the mixed size to a large number of burner openings 242 provided in the bottom part

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211 are provided. As can be seen, the burner tubes 241 different lengths, and they extend through the partition wall 216 and open into the mis ongas- « chamber 215 above the partition wall 216, the small burner tubes 241 are spaced a considerable distance from each other so that a coolant, such as water, can easily be between they can flow through to the from the bottom part 2t1 burner area formed during work to keep the burner relatively cool. The burner openings 242 and the burner tubes 241 associated with these Openings are in communication are arranged such that the burning mixed gases emitted from them are expelled in directions right-winder to the to treating longitudinal surfaces of the rail run. As desired is, . To treat the long sides of the sneeze, opi'es warm, it is necessary that certain exterior Burner tubes 241 bent over essentially at right angles are,. . , ·.

As explained below, uetn Brenneraopf

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coolant under considerable pressure! .. Stirring trains. In the Wasseivühlkamiaer '^ 14 are two inlets' and only one outlet intended to ensure that there was always a larger one Inlet pressure as outlet pressure. is present, and thus a To prevent cavitation within the chamber 214 and to ensure that all parts of the Erennerfläche can be found 211 ε; u all times during ues arbelteris of the burner be properly cooled.

As from B ¹ Ig. 12 , there are several of the burners 1 ^ 5, for example, as shown, eight 3 burners, arranged next to one another, ■ door. To form the heating device 131 for heating the upper surfaces of the steel object to be treated Retention devices are designed in an identical manner. The deterrents are cooled with water in the same way, and the water distributor 1 ^ 7 is fed with water in the same way. However, instead of gases such as oxygen and fuel gas, which feed the distributor 1j> 9 in the outer burner device 1j51, compressed air is fed to your distributor 1.J9 under relatively high pressure to the quenching device 1 ^ 52, so that cooling air escapes through the openings. The heads of the deterrents are designed in an identical manner so that the cooling air is discharged from them in small streams in directions which

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run at right angles to the surfaces of the rail head, on polygamy the small streams of air hit.

The heating and chilling assembly 33 further includes a lower heater 246, which consists of a A plurality of burners 247 is made. The burners 247 are in a water manifold 248 connected to the water supply pipes 122 and 123 in the same way as the water distributor 137 is connected. The burners are also included a gas manifold 249 connected to the tubes 124 and I25 are connected in the same way as gas manifold 139 is. Hoses 21> 1 carry the gases out of a distributor 249 in mixer 252, which is the mixers described above 141 are identical. The gas is drawn from the mixers into a passageway through pipe 253 (Fig. 17) guided, which is provided in a support part 256. A box-like housing 257 with four side walls 258 'is on attached to the support member 256, and there is a top wall or burner surface 259 is provided which is an enclosed space limited. This space is divided into a gas chamber 261 and a water chamber 262 by a partition wall 264. the Burner surface plate is available with a large number of im Burner openings 266 arranged at a distance from one another are provided. Burner tubes 267 extending through the water chamber 262 pass mixed gases from chamber 262 into burner ports 266. Chamber 262 becomes Cooling water is supplied through inlet pipe 268 and it is

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a pipe 269 for drawing water from the water bucket 262 is provided. The tube 269 communicates with a reducer 271 in connection, which is connected to an outer tube or the water jacket 272, which is connected to the water manifold 248 in the same manner in which the tube 2j5J communicates with the water distributor.

Εε is a suitable number of burners 247 * for example three burners, provided (Fig. 12) to heat the objects to be heat treated. below the purpose described.

Means are provided to protect certain parts of the heating and cooling device from the very intense heat generated by the burners 1515. For example, two warfare deflectors or screens 276 are provided. These heat shields 276 are formed by a metal back part 277, which is covered with a layer 278 of suitable heat insulating material, such as asbestos, which is attached to the metal part 277. The subordinate parts of the heat shields 276 rest on the burner heads, such as this in particular 8 and 10 and they extend upwardly and outwardly therefrom and are attached to the tubes forming the frame 121 by suitable means such as strips (not shown). These heat shields are used to protect the upper parts of the torch and the distributor, which are used for feeding the burner.

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Additional heat protection means are provided in the form of sloping upwardly extending, water-cooled oshields 281 which are attached to the frame 121 and covered with any suitable insulating material, such as bricks 'd'02 . The screens 28I also extend upwardly and outwardly and are arranged in such a way that the bricks 282 face above the upper heater 1J51 so that the flames and the intense heat they generate are up and out of the heating and drying structure $ 'j be distracted away.

Additional shielding is also near the inlet end of the Erhitzungr, - provided and Abschreckuiigsyufbaus J>'j>, and this shield, this has vüe of Figure 8 can be seen, the shape of a water-cooled shield 284 is provided with an opening 286th to allow the passage of the steel articles to be heat-treated j> 1. The screen 284 is supported on the frame 121 in the manner shown.

During the time during which the worm to be treated Objects passing through the heating and cooling assembly are in the heating and cooling device Means are provided which generate forces in order to elongate the longitudinal surfaces of the object to be heat treated and to ensure that the object is straight after it has cooled. These funds consist of a large one lower pressure roller 29I (Fig. 12). This role 29I can with

909803/0456

the lower! »'pool' of the object to be treated j? 1 odor, in other words, to engage with a surface, oils removed from or opposite the 'longitudinal surface to be treated. The pressure roller 29I is arranged on a ./eile 292, which is attached in η η support arms 29 ^J I- and bearings 293 arehb .-. R nbgesblitzt. The shaft 292 is driven by a γ. The Ko-ttonrad 29 ^ is driven by a drive chain 118, which is driven by aetn hot or 106, as described above. One end of the arms 29 ^ are pivotably mounted on dc; n! -Carriers 127 and by means of large bolts 29ο, which are called fichweri;, zapferi for the Ar:.,?; 294 serve. The other ends of the irine 294 »are attached to a cross member 298.

A fork 299 is attached to the cross piece 298 and is connected in an articulated manner to a piston rod of a large actuating device 02 which can be acted upon by working means. The cylinder jO'j of the actuating device j3O2 is arranged in a slotted support ring jJ04, which is provided with opposing, protruding pivot pins "jiOb. Two connecting links 307 are pivotably mounted on pin p06, which are pivoted by pins ^ 09 with two" arms 3> O8 are articulated. The arms j508 are pivoted on pivot pins 1511 which are mounted in plates 312 attached to the I-beams 53. In to the

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Arms 308 attached to bearings 3.14, a shaft 313 is rotatable stored ♦ There is a hold-down pressure roller on the 3I3 shaft 216 arranged to be heat-treated with the upper surface Item 3I 1 »intervention can occur.

From the arrangement shown it can be seen that * if the actuator is supplied with work equipment will, z ^^^ esche the pressure roller ^ 291 and 3I6 opposite Forces are applied, whereby the steel object 31 eii; Bending moraine is created in order to lengthen eggs causing longitudinal surface to be treated.

Upper stops are provided for the arms 308, which limit the upward movement of the arms and off cap screws 317, which are screwed into. An i ^ uerstück 3I8 carried by parts 319 S attached to the I-beams 53 will. For the arms 308 lower stops are also provided, which consist of posts 321, which on the I-beams 55 arranged and with adjustable head screws 322, the posts 321 serve, except that they act as a means to limit the downward movement of the arms 308, also as a means to keep arms 308 from falling to prevent if there is no between the rollers 291 and 316 Steel object is located.

As discussed above, when pressure is applied from the lower pressure roller 29I, downward pressure is applied from the upper pressure roller 316 at the inlet end of the heating and quenching assembly 33.

BAD ORiGiNAL

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Let the heating and Abs chreckungs on building 33, an additional hold-down roller 324 is provided, which can attack the upper longitudinal surface of the steel object to be heated. The roller 324 is arranged on a shaft 326 which is rotatably supported in bearings 327 which are carried by upright parts 328 which are fastened to the I-beams 127. There are additional roles 324 as. Part of the Abgabeeförderauf building 34 provided ^; which are arranged * in a similar way. Fernera4> M ^; de "n several spaced-apart support rollers ^ i ^ -eiffien 'part ■ of the conveyor on structure 34, and these rollers are arranged between the I-beams I27.on shafts 342, which-in on the I-beams 127 mounted bearings 343 are rotatably supported.

The heating and cooling assembly 33 includes also means which are applied to the steel objects to be heat treated ' a side pressure to that described below Purpose, and these means consist of two rollers 346. One of these rollers 346 is in a housing 347 rotatably arranged, which at one end of one of the I-beam 127 is pivotably attached, for example by means of a bolt 348 is. The other of the rollers 346 is in a housing; 349 rotatably arranged, the z. B. by means of a bolt 351 pivotally attached to the other end of the I-beam 127 is. The housing 349 is provided with a lever 352, des- " ses free end by means of a pin 354 with a fork is pivotally connected. The fork 353 is equipped with a

909803/0456

ben 356 an actuating device that can be acted upon by working media 357 pivotable by means of a pin 3 ^ 8 tied together. The cylinder 559 of the actuator 557 is attached to a platform.36Q, which in turn is attached to the adjacent I-beam 127 is attached.

The two roller housings 3 ^ 7 and 3 ^ 9 are connected to each other by a link 361 so that they move together. When the actuator 557 is energized to apply a force to the lever 352, then the rollers 3 ^ 6 engage the steel object and cause a bending force to be applied to it to introduce a curvature or to ensure that all curvatures are removed from the steel object; as described below ..

A strip .363 joins the ends of the I-beams 127 together and prevents them from coming apart during operation of the actuator 357 which applies lateral forces to the steel objects being heat treated. _;: ,, ■ '

There., Means are provided for the lateral movement of role 3.46 in both directions, limit ,, and these means consist of two spaced blocks 366, which are arranged on a plate 367, which at one end at the. Platform 36Ο attached is and on. its other end of one on the frame 121 fortified; Strut 368 is supported * in each of the blocks

SQ9803 / CU56

a head screw 369 is screwed in with; a " locking nut 371 is provided, so that the screw in a predetermined position with respect to the lever 352-fixable is. By adjusting the cap screws 369 you can the maximum lateral movement of rollers 3 ^ 6 in both Directions can be changed easily.

Means are also provided in the heating and deterrent assembly to ensure that, if separated. Steel objects wander through it, they remain in lateral and longitudinal alignment. These means consist, as shown, of two roles 373. » those on the upper surface. of the flange or the BMs JIa of the heat treated. Steel object 31 can attack * The rollers 373 s ± ndi ^: rotatably mounted on bolts 374, which are fastened in upright parts 376, which in turn are attached to the arms. B. fastened by bolts 377. When the ends of two steel objects pass through the structure 33, the rollers 373 j ensure that these ends are held down. ■. . * =

As explained above, the hold-down rollers 324 and Tragrollen3 form ¹ H a part of the discharge conveyor assembly: i-3 ^ * j and serve to receive the steel objects, after they have been in the heating and Abschrectcungsaufbau rwrär ^ 'mebehandeit. For reasons to be explained below, the steel object or the rail sections are curved during the heat treatment, sd that the front

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> X of each section moves downward as indicated in Fig. 2. For this reason, the rollers 341 are provided at progressively lower positions between the I-beams 127 in order to allow this curvature of the steel object. Idle rollers 378 are rotatably arranged on bolts 379 attached to the I-beams 127, which lie on opposite sides of the path of the steel objects and guide them laterally when they advance along the conveyor structure 34. ' ......

Additional means are provided for cooling the steel objects as they exit the heating and shielding structure, and these means consist of a plurality of electrically powered fans 381, located on opposite sides of a support rod 382 which extends lengthways extends between the I-beams 127. The support rod 382 is supported on upright parts 328 by means of support arms 383, - The fans 381 are provided with flexible nozzles 386 which, as shown, are inclined downwards, forwards and inwards in order to reach the To direct the heated steel object streams of cooling air, which further cool it down. , ■

Additional cooling air is given to the steel objects at the moment they come out of the heating and quenching process construction 33, fed by means of a pipe 387, which is connected to the pipe. 382 is connected. The pipe 382 is over, a pipe 388 is connected to a compressed air source so that

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a stream of compressed air continuously across the outer Surface of the steel counter azide j5i immediately next to his Exit from the structure 33 is blown.

The steel objects 3I, after they have been heat-treated, are continuously advanced by the delivery conveyor structure ~ $ K until they arrive at the unloading station 35. At the unloading station, a recess 391 is provided in the foundation 392, which is adapted to the curvature in the steel objects. At the bottom of the depression there is a wear plate 393 which allows the steel objects to be moved slightly forward in the depression and to be guided into the unloading station Lifting device 39 ^ x (Pig x 2) attached to a davit 396 mounted on a frame 397. The heat-treated steel articles are then delivered onto the shipping frame 36, which consists of a plurality of spaced and parallel reinforced frame parts 398 which are provided with downwardly inclined surfaces 399 on which rails 401 are arranged.

On opposite sides of the heating and

Two catwalks 4ö3 are provided for the deterrent structure,

which the movement of the operator of the one to the other side of the plant for hardening steel objects. On the catwalks 403 there are safety

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4o4 railing provided. .

The way of working

The use of the device formed according to the invention for hardening steel objects by the method according to the invention is briefly described below. Assume that the steel articles to be heat treated are steel rail sections y \ of a substantially conventional type in which the rails are formed with a base J \ sl, a web 31b and a head 31c. As explained above, the rail sections 31 are removed from the receiving frame 29 and successively axed from the loading station 30 onto the feed conveyor structure 32 so 'that the front edge' of each rail section 31 with the driven first roller 54 (the fourth roller from the left end of Fig . is ^advanced: 1 on) is counted, that the rail section along the infeed conveyor assembly 32 in a predetermined path engages causing. Once the rail section 31 has been advanced sufficiently so that its trailing edge has cleared the first driven roller 54, another rail section is applied to the infeed conveyor assembly 32 such that its leading edge engages the first driven roller 54,

As discussed above, the first driven roller 54 is driven at a speed which is greater than the speeds of the other driven rollers 54,

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so that the rail - which was placed last on the first driven roller 5 - o quickly overtakes the "previous rail" and the front surfaces of the sole rail sections are placed end to end and engage the rear surface of the previous rail. the rail sections are therefore permanently uiiteinander engaged, so that in essence, a continuous rail is present, along the Oerder j from the Zuf Uhrf on construction 2 predefined time tirnm th -.Weges formed statt.gezogen pushed -?. is.

As noted above, additional powered rollers 54 are provided to advance the rails, and each roller is driven at a somewhat slower speed so that the rail sections are continuously "" advanced. The coupling used to drive each of these rollers $ K allows. that slippage occurs in the coupling when the roller requires more than a predetermined force to move the rail section which is in contact with it. This ensures that each of the viewing rail sections is always continuously pushed forward with a predetermined force and not held in contact with the preceding rail section, so that the heating and cooling counter structure 33 picks up a steel object which appears to be continuous, whereby the process can be carried out as a continuous process with the advantages explained below. . ■ -----

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: Κ · δ83 £ ί "■. ■" ■ U59998

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As also explained above, means are provided in the form of the lateral guide rollers 74 and 76, which guide the steel objects in a lateral direction on the predetermined path, the rollers 7 ^ serving as a side guide for the rails by the actuators 81 automatically ge in their position * - applied to the rail sections engaged ruit the lateral guide rustic roll to keep 74 the upper guide ungs roll are also brought by the actuators 92 automatically · 'in its position to the Sehieiienabsehnitte ^in!. To maintain frictional engagement with the rollers 54, thereby ensuring that the chine segments are positively advanced along the predetermined path.

Before the time at which the heat to be treated Rail sections 31 'in the heating and quenching assembly are moved, this structure is operated from the control panel 37 by fuel gas and Oxygen to the burners 155 of a heating device I3I and the burners are ignited. At about the same time, burners 247 become lower heat device 246 with fuel gas; and oxygen fed and ignited.

Before igniting the burners 155 and 247, the burner heads Cooling water supplied; This cooling water is poor. can be obtained in any convenient manner. In the It has been found desirable to use a system shown

BADORlClNAt

9098Ö3 / Ö4S6 5 ": nsSOörfO ^

To use a closed system for the cooling water, in which the cooling water goes away from the burners into the converter, into which it flows ^: via pipes (not shown), and then returns to the burners. The tubes in the converter 39 are connected to the liquid oxygen containing tank ^ 8 and are used to gasify the liquid oxygen before it is fed to the burners. The liquid oxygen, when it is gasified, cools the water, and it serves to remove the heat that was previously from the: Wassssr. has been absorbed as it passes through the burners and other water-cooled parts of the equipment described above. Such a system has proven to be very economical because only a small supply of water is required

is. This is especially important when it is desired that , the system is transportable i-st-

The fuel gas used in the burners can be of any suitable type. The system works very well when cheap gases such as natural gas, butane or propane are used. Such gases generate, when they are incinerated with oxygen, a temperature in the range of about 2482 ° to 2558 ⁰ C. By using the above described in a particular manner designed burner and for the use of fuel gas, which is under a considerable pressure, it has been found that a very high heat can be generated with such a mixture. For example, it is possible to use the plant

9098 (13/0456

very successful with fuel gas pressures in the area

2
from 0.55 to 2 * 1 kg / cm · to operate.

As described above, the burners 155 are arranged side by side so that they are very large in nature Brenner is obtained, the longest dimension of which extends along the path of travel of the rail. In the illustrated Embodiment is each of the burners 155 with

one hundred and thirty openings provided so that each burner one hundred and thirty Flame rays generated. With the illustrated eight burners can therefore produce 1040 flame jets, which warned a large amount of highly concentrated result, which, however, is very uniformly distributed over the longitudinal surface of the steel object to be heated.

At the same time that the burners were left on

will be air under a pressure in the range of

2
1.75 to 10.5 kg / cm of the devices. 155, which form the deterrent device 152, so that a large volume of air emerges from the large number of openings provided in the device 152 in the form of a plurality of jets which are uniformly distributed over a relatively large area, the largest dimension of which is in the longitudinal direction € t of the hiking trail by rail. The fans 58I are also activated so that compressed air is supplied to the pipe 582 and exits the pipe 587.

After the heating and deterring build-up in

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Operation has been set, the rail will. j> 1 below the hold-down roller; 516 and above the one immediately below Conveyor roller y4 in the intensive highly concentrated i / iäruie advanced, which is present in the recesses 212, which are provided in the burners 1> 5. As explained above, For example, the depressions 212 in the burner heads are formed so that they have a congluration that is generally the shape of the upper part of the rail head 51c corresponds, however, there is a uniform gap between the burner and the Fchienemcopf.

The flames emerging from the openings in the burner surface 211 move in directions which are perpendicular to the longitudinal surfaces of the rail head Jl c on which the rays impinge. The rays are uniform over the longitudinal surfaces of the rail to be heated _:. distributed, so that a highly concentrated surface heat is obtained, the longitudinal surfaces to be hardened are heated to the critical / temperature during the passage through the heating zone. Since the burners 15;> surround the head of the rail, there is some residual heat which is forced down along the web 51b of the rail over the base 31a of the rail and then deflected outward against the bricks 282 where it is deflected by the heating - and deflecting structure is directed outwards and upwards so that the burners and other parts of the installation are not damaged by the heat. The heating of the bridge and the

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^{: ic} "

Base egg splint is cheap because it allows the during curvature caused by heat treatment in the rail and also prevents the formation of residual stresses in the rail.

During the time during which the rail head through the heating zone formed by the heating device I3I passes through, the heat treated longitudinal surfaces and parts of the rail head to a temperature heated in or above the critical area to the surfaces ^ or to convert parts or parts into austenite.

Also the longitudinal surfaces in the one described above Once heated, the splint is advanced to bring the heated surfaces into those of the retainer 132 formed. Quenching zone in which through the multitude of small air jets that flow over the heated longitudinal surfaces are evenly distributed, quickly ' be cooled down. The heated surfaces are set to a temperature range in which martensite is formed, with a Cooling speed that is equal to or greater than the critical cooling speed of the heat-treated steel is to get the desired hardness.

Due to the design of the deterrent devices air is directed down over the web and base of the rail to cool these parts. However, it does not occur Hardening one because the web and base are not on that

909803/0458

critical temperature * when the rail has been heated is moved out of the heating and cooling device, it is through the exiting from the pipe 587 and from the air jets coming from the blowers 38I are cooled even further.

During the time that the longitudinal surfaces are still hot, pressure is applied to the lower surface of the steel rail from the lower roller 29I. This is done in that the Betätigungsvorrichtung- is performed 302 working medium to ~ which 29I according to the top- ύά & ¹⁵ ^ e ■ "<the role -. Draws roller 313 downwardly from said lower SSR üelk ^ iie 29I pressure applied is sufficient This stretching the rail head while hot causes the rail to be perfectly straight when it cools to ambient temperature · "Has.

It is known that when a longitudinal surface, such as, for. B. the head of a ^; Rail, heated to a higher temperature than the other parts of the rail, in which a bulge or curvature occurs. It is believed that by the time this bend is forming in the rail, the heated head of the rail section is squeezed together due to the high force required to close the other cool parts of the rail section deform. It is believed that this is why \ true, because · when the rail section cools, it nachdem- in this way has been gekr.Ummt a entge-

909803/0458. .

Gengesetete curvature occurs in the splint and the ends of the Schienert sections are bent upwards.

During the time * during which the head of the rail section is still very hot, this opposite curvature can be avoided by the head of the rail section without it _# d. h the heat-treated longitudinal surfaces are actually stretched, whereby a more pronounced curvature is produced in the rail section than would normally be the pail if the rail section is merely heated without any pressure being applied to it. Since the stretching of the head of the splint is carried out during the heating period, no residual stresses are produced in the splint section. This is also true because, as discussed above, the web and base of the rail are also heated to some degree. After the rail has completely cooled down, the contraction of the steel in the rail head causes the rail to return to a final, perfectly straight state,

As can be seen from FIG. 3 a, the extent of the actual deformation of the rail is relatively small. However, a relatively high power ,, as% * B. has a pressure ■ from 40 to 6o to the lower pressure roller 291. be e.gt angel to the desired extension, the head of the track in time while he ^ hot is to effect. This pressure, is applied to the base of the rail continuously and pro-

gressively applied when the splint through the heating up Deterrent assembly is advanced therethrough. From the illustrated arrangement can be seen that the lower Pressure roller 29I disposed between the upper rollers 316 and 324 so that there is no risk of damage to the burner or the deterrent by the after upward pressure exists.

As described above, the heating controls are on I3I and the deterrent device I32 arranged in such a way. that they actually run on the rail head in such a way that the torch heads and the quench heads the Follow the rail head very closely and find yourself in a predetermined position Distance from him while, the rail through the Heating and quenching assembly 33 migrates through. the Rollers 373 ensure that if a joint between two rail sections is caused by the heating and The retainer structure passes through the rail sections in the structure still in alignment! to be held together. ·.

From the lower pressure roller 29I there is only a pressure then applied when the leading edge of the rail section engages the first upper roller 324. Then it will be by applying pressure to actuator 302 created. As soon as the rear edge of a rail section comes out of engagement with the top roller 3I6 the pressure from the lower pressure roller 29I by applying

009803/0456 '

the actuator J02 removed. It is therefore can be seen, "that a ground pressure is only applied when the Rail section both with the roller 316 and also with the Roller 524 is engaged that of the lower pressure roller to be closest. To ensure that the rails are perfectly straight after they have reached ambient temperature have cooled, it has been found that, although ground pressure is applied when the extreme Ends of the rail section have been heat-treated, it is desirable to add some heat to the front and rear ends of each rail section. So will the front one and the rear end of the rail section are supplied with ground heat after they have passed over the lower pressure roller 29I are. Otherwise, the lower pressure roller could possibly deform the base of the tract section.

It has been found desirable to apply heat to most of the 50 to 75 cm long length of the front end of each rail section by means of 'the lower' burner assembly, which aids in the expansion of the base. Once the first 50 to 75 cm of each rail section has passed the lower burner assembly and the rail section has engaged the first upper roller 324, ground pressure is applied by roller 291 'while the lower burner assembly is turned off. As soon as the rear end of the rail section comes out of engagement with the roller>16; .. · ".Λ? ': Ν; ~ ΐ3ι. nov>: £ n, i ^J. \; . '.

. BATH

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cirucic removed from roll 29I and the lower heating device 246 switched on again to heat the last 50 to 75 cm of the base of the splint section. This heating of the ends of the rail section ensures that they will not bend up when bending the rail section cools down to ambient temperature. In this way, though at the extreme ends of each Rail section from the lower pressure roller 29I none Force is applied, uni an elongation of the heat-treated To effect surface, perfectly straight rail sections obtained by the base parts of the ends of the rail sections be heated.

In certain cases it may be desirable to touch the steel object while it is in the heating and. Deterrent build-up 33 is to apply lateral pressures, for example when in the steel objects a lateral Buckling occurs and it is desired to straighten it, or if so desired, one in a steel rail To produce curvature, for example when curved rail sections getting produced. This is achieved in that the double acting hydraulic actuator 357 Work equipment is supplied under pressure in order to bring it about to the rail or the steel object to be hardened a lateral force is applied in one direction or the other. Although this stage is shown in the System is carried out during the time during which

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the steel object passes through the quenching heads, if desired, this stage can also be carried out during the time be carried out during which the steel object passes through the heating and quenching assembly and is still hot.

After they have been heat-treated and cooled, the rail sections are moved forward by the delivery conveyor structure j> h to the unloading or shipping station, where they are picked up and transferred to the unloading frame, on which they can cool down to the ambient temperature. The curvature disappears as soon as the rail sections have cooled down to the ambient temperature. No straightening is therefore required. The rails are perfectly straight and ready for use. For example, it has been found possible, by the method according to the invention and with the device according to the invention, to produce repeatedly hardened rail sections 11.7 "in length, which are of perfect straightness by no more than 5.2 him (1/8" ) differ.

The steel hardening device and the steel hard longitudinal process according to the invention are very advantageous because they can work continuously. Hence it is unnecessary to use the upper heating device 1j5i and the quenching device 1 ^ 2 off so that it is possible to have a large To achieve uniformity of heating and quenching of the steel objects.

§09803 / 0458

The design of the burners is such that it is possible to supply large amounts of heat at sufficiently low temperatures so that no damage to the steel surface occurs or a change in the grain structure of the steel is caused. The heat supplied by the burners is actually balanced with the ability of the steel to absorb the heat, so that the steel objects can be heat treated to any desired depth without the risk of surface damage to the steel. The depth of penetration of the heat is mainly controlled by the speed at which the steel object moves through the heating and quenching structure. Therefore, if it is desired to increase the depth of the hardening zone of the steel objects, all that is necessary is to reduce the speed of movement of the steel objects through the heating process and the build-up of ears. The desired hardness can also be changed slightly by removing aie! '! Tight eggs from the shredding device XJ2. supplied air is changed. If it is desired to increase the hardness, the air passed over the heated surface ucs Γcahlgegeristarides is increased, and vice versa, if a lower hardness is desired, it is uie over which it is ait ^ '. Κ- · η Staalgegenstai .d carried away to air,, narrow downsized. This could easily be achieved by simply increasing or decreasing the air pressure. _ _BÄD ORSGSNAL

It vmrde found that it was by applying the procedure and the device according to the invention is possible, hardened steel objects of considerably improved (quality compared to those obtained with usual Furnishings and procedures are achievable.

In Pig. 2OA and 2OB are, as an example, cross-sections of Rails reproduced, which according to the method according to Invention on a device ge: cured according to the invention have been. In Fig. 20A, a hardened zone of approximately 9.53 now (3/8 ") depth is indicated at 411, which is the head of the rail envelops. The hardened zone 411 extends over the Top of the rail head and along its side riders down to close a hardened cap on the top of the rail with the degrees of hardness in RocKwell-C-values and in Brinell values are entered in the middle of the hardened zone and at one corner. As can be seen, the hardened zone 411 a considerable depth, which prevents that the hardened cap formed on the rail head is rolled or peeled off. The hardness in aer hardened Zone diminishes very gradually from the outer surface, and after that there is a gradual transition in hardness the original structure of the rail head is present *, see above that in effect a transition zone 412 of considerable depth is created. This deep transition zone 412 increases the resistance to peeling and helps to eliminate any residual stress in the rail afterwards

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it has been hardened.

■ When hardening rails, it is generally desirable the surface hardness of the rail head by about 100 points the Erinell scale about the original normal hardness of the Increase rail. As can be seen from Figure 20A, this has been easily achieved. It should be noted that the corners of the hardened zone are slightly harder than the middle of the hardened zone. The reason for this is that the corners have been heated faster and quenched faster. This is a desirable feature as far as rails are concerned, because the corners usually experience more wear than the other parts of the rail head.

According to Pig. 2OB has the hardened zone 411 a depth of about 12.7 mm ^0/2 ")> ^{and s} * ^e extends back over the top of the rail head and sides down. It is · also formed a fairly deep transition region 412.

From Fig. 20A and 20B it can generally be seen that extending parallel to the outer surface of the rail head Planes of substantially uniform and equal hardness are formed in the hardened zone of the rail head. In In other words, there is very little change in hardness in the hardened zone at equal depths from that The outer surface of the rail head is available. This is also the case desirable because it helps to ensure even wear of the surface of the rail head.

ORIGINAL '

909803/04 58

To reduce the depth of the hardened zone or It is only necessary to increase the speed of movement of the steel rail through the heating system Deterrence build-up through to decrease or increase. For example, the rail according to FIG. 20A was with a speed of about 55.8 cm / min, while the rail according to FIG. 20B at a speed of about 50.8 cm / min, was advanced. However, in making the hardened splint, the speed was as shown in FIGS. 20A and 20B the movement through the heating and quenching process construction was limited by the fact that it was only possible to inject natural gas under a pressure of 0.55 kg / cm Burners to use. By increasing the natural gas pressure, the speed of movement of the rail due to the heating and deterrent build-up can be significantly increased therethrough. Nonetheless, it was by use

of natural gas under a pressure of 0.35 kg / cm, it is possible to achieve very satisfactory results. E ¹ Ig. 21A and 21B show macro photographs of a longitudinal section and a cross section, respectively, of a flame-hardened splint, which was also produced according to the device according to the invention by the method according to the invention, the degrees of hardness being entered again in Rockwell C values and Brinell values. For the production of the macrophotographs, 8% nital was used as an etchant. From Fig. 21B, it can be seen that the hardness pattern is very large

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is uniform, and that a gradual transition in the normal hardness of the splint is present, which again indicates that the rail is free of tension over its entire length.

It can also be seen from FIGS. 21A and 21B that in the hardened zone a considerable refinement of the grain structure has occurred. In addition, the grain structures are in the hardened zone is completely or predominantly martensitic.

! times the method ge;, \ äi3 of the invention produced Rails are difficult tests by means of drop tests, roller load tests with regard to flaking, slow bending tests and subjected to testing in which the splint sections are welded together before and after curing are. The hardened f'ehiene proved itself in all of these tests as satisfactory. In particular, we showed tests on, if there is residual tension in the rail. after she was '.var ^ eoehmidelt' var.

From the above it follows that α ate through the invention a new and improved hardened steel article and a method and a device for its manufacture have been created. Ob./ohl the facility than on the As shown arranged on the ground, the device is of such a type that it can be carried on one or more rail vehicles or other suitable vehicles are arranged and operated on them tcanri. The

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909803/0458

Plant especially for laying butt-welded continuous rails by adding the rail sections to either hardened before or after stump welding.

Although the facility has been described as having the Ends of the rail sections, ground heat is supplied, If desired, a number of additional never-changing roles can be attached to arms 29 ^ in the same way as rollers 275 are attached to the other side of lower pressure roller 29I. The rollers 275 and the additional ones Rollers are arranged along an arcuate path that roughly corresponds to the curvature that will be in that of the treatment underlying rail sections' is introduced. This prevents the ends of the rails from being drawn from the lower ones Pressure rollers J516 and 324 to be deformed upwards. When using such an arrangement, the supply of ground heat can be avoided.

The process is particularly economical because it allows the use of cheap fuel gases and because it works continuously.

BATH

809803/0456

Claims (1)

Claims 1. System for hardening a Lüngsflache a metal object, characterized by a device for heating the Lkngoflöche dee metal objects !? on the area or within the critical temperature range, eo that the heated contact surface expands and is effected in a considerably larger area than the other parts of the metal object because it is in the metal object Bulge or curvature is formed «a device for Quenching the heated area and a device that applies a force to the metal object "um dl" in it formed curvature to enlarge and the heated «surface started while it is still hot " 2. Plant according to claim 1, characterized by «in · Device for bringing about a relative movement between the metal object and the device for heating the longitudinal surface and the flushing for quenching heated lung flukes. 3 · Anlage · according to claim 2, characterized in that it is that the metal object was long in front of Ines Moved way and the means are provided, dl «to the Metal objects still open a bridge across to one Create direction of movement. 4. Plant «according to claim 2 *, characterized in that dl "device dl" serves to heat the kngsflSohe " BAD ORiGSNAL 909803/0456 Burners provided with a plurality of uniformly distributed openings and means for supplying a mixture of fuel gas and oxygen to the openings and that the device for quenching the obtained length surface comprises a plurality of devices which are distributed with a plurality of uniformly distributed Openings are provided and means for the supply of compressed air to these devices. 3 «system according to claim 2, characterized in that The device, which allows a relative movement between the metal object and the device, automatically resets the knee surface and the device for quenching the heated longitudinal surface brings about. Contains means that the metal object with a predetermined speed along a predetermined one Move forward progressively that the heating device the liingsfliehe of the metal object is progressively heated and the rejection warning fleas to the heated length «Acts while the metal object moves forward ·. 6. Plant naoh Anspruoh 1, characterized in that the the device that applies a force to the metal object in order to enlarge the curvature formed in it, such arranged so that the force is applied to the metal object while it is heated to the critical temperature will. ? · Anlage · according to claim 1, characterized duroh unite Facility, <Among other things on the metal object lateral force * BATH 909803 / OA56 while the heated longitudinal surface is still hot. δ. Plant according to claim 4, characterized in that the burners have a burner film which, in cross-section, generally corresponds to the cross-sectional shape of the length surface to be heated and that the uniformly distributed open nations lie in the burner surface and flames from urns emerge, which is essentially at right angles to the longitudinal surface to meet her. 9 «System according to claim t, characterized by a Device that further cools the metal object after it has been through the heating and disconnecting devices passed through 1st. 10. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that dad the device that applies a force to the metal object, a major role associated with the object on the the side opposite the longitudinal surface engages, additional roles, which are on the L & mgsflache of the metal object attack at points that are removed from the part of the longitudinal surface to be heated and the first-mentioned roller lie, and has means that apply to the first-mentioned role and the additional Hollen forces in such a way that the the former Holle in the opposite direction to the to-. sä'tuchen rolls is printed. 11. Plant according to claim 4, characterized in that dad the burners at a distance from the longitudinal surface to be heated before, but close to this and that additional burner BATH ORIGINAL 909803/0456 H58998 on the other side of the metal object opposite the length surface are arranged. 12. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that that it is used to treat rail sections "dl" Progressively advanced end to end by the advancement device. 13 · Plant according to claim 5 »characterized by since the device for progressively advancing the metal objects comprises a plurality of drive rollers and means which the drive rollers for the purpose of advancing the Rotate metal objects and contain a slip clutch, with certain rollers rotating at a lower speed than dl "follow-up" the rollers are driven so that the Metal objects moved by the rollers are pressed against the preceding objects t *. Method for hardening a longitudinal surface of an elongated metal object »characterized in that the Llinge surface of the metal objects «on the area or is obtained within the range of the critical temperature in order to cause the heated surface of the metal object to expand and thereby into the object a bulge or curvature is formed to the metal object a · force is applied »while the surface obtained is still hot? is to lengthen the heated curses «u cause * so that when the metal object cools down to Qkagebun's "temperature, it has a" predetermined configuration BATH ORIGINAL 909803/0456 . - 6ο - accepts »and the heated surface is quenched. 15 · The method of claim 14 'characterized as £ άον metal object, after it has been quenched is cooled *. ^s 16 «The method according to claim 14, characterized in that that the force is applied to the metal object at the point in time at which the surface on the area or? within the critical temperature range is heated * 17. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that fpketms «iohnet» that elongated metal objects end at Enät progpree * siv are advanced to a substantially continuous one form an elongated metal object and that the Metal objects progressively he * hitst and scared off. 18 · Method according to claim 14 »characterized * that a craft in one place on the metal object at right angles to the plane of the heated Lttngefliehe runs. 19 · Metal object * marked »6aS er has an elongated body and a hardened elongate joint formed on the body, and that all of the parts of the body are essentially free of tension 20. A metal object according to claim 19, «dedtsroh marked», that there is a one in the body under the hardened joint hardened zone is formed and that a gradually between the hardness of the hoarded zone and the 909803 / .04B6-- ^ - bad original 145SSf a The remaining parts of the body are present 21 · The subject of claim 20, daduroh indicates that the hardness in the hardened zone in a Essentially parallel to the hardened longitudinal surface, the plane is essentially equal. , Having 22 metal article of claim 19, daduroh in the & it has the shape of a Schienenabßcnnittes "having a base, a web and a head wherein the cured longitudinal surface is formed at the head, to create a gehltrtete cap, the top of the Includes part of the head of the rail section and extends downwards from the hardened rider parts BATH ORIGINAL