DE1434598A1 - Roof construction for containers embedded in the ground - Google Patents

Description

DIPL. ING. G. PtTtS 1 /, Ο / Ej Q O souwBKiKHSTiiASSB a DR. E. ν. PECHMAIWN '4 0 4 3 3 0 tj ^ kfcji saiw si PATJB »TAKWil.TK" "if ^^ M ^ CKCHKN

1A-26854

Description of the patent application

COACH IBTERNATIOHAIi METHANE LIMITED, Nassau, Bahamas

concerning
Roof construction for containers embedded in the ground "

The invention relates to a roof suitable for containers sunk into the ground.

Containers (abbreviated as: earth containers) are embedded in the soil particularly suitable for storing a liquefied gas, i.e. a liquid which is at atmospheric pressure and at a boils below ambient temperature. Examples of liquefied gases are liquefied nitrogen, liquefied Air, liquefied methane, liquefied natural gas, liquefied oxygen, and liquefied propane.

Until now, when storing many liquefied gases in earth containers, the roofs have had to be used because of what is produced when they are boiled away Gas pressure can be anchored on the entire edge of the container. There are usually large amounts of concrete on the hand of the container and long anchor bolts required. In addition, ea is usually necessary for large containers, the sack and the Manufacture support structure from expensive metal, weicfcse box the low temperature of the liquefied gas does not become brittle.

These watch parts are at the Vitr ^ eMu «, ^ sinee

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inventive roof at least mitigated, which one ! Embossed structure, a flat or curved roof panel, a thermal insulation layer, which covers one side of the board, comprises means for hanging the board under the support structure and means, which directed the roof upwards towards any excessive Hold pressure in place. . _

According to the invention, an earth container suitable for storing a liquefied gas is a container which comprises a cavity in the surface of the earth, the cavity being impermeable to the substance to be stored, a gas outlet, conduit means and Puiapenmittel for pulling and emptying the container, and a roof ₈ which consists of a support structure, a flat or arched roof panel, of a thermal insulation layer which covers one side of the panel, _s means for suspending the panel under the girder structure and of means which the roof, against any excessive upward pressure hold in place _c

Preferably a cavity in the earth's surface is used in which the bottom formation surrounding the cavity contains a liquid that solidifies when the container is filled with filled with the substance to be stored.

The panel, which is to be attached to the support structure, is preferably made of aitenism metal _φ ^ ₈ B. from a metal frame. Are those metals suitable that do not become brittle at low temperatures, a, Bo StShIe Bit high Riakel content, stainless steels, copper, aluminum or aluminum alloy

dur & h. eiae borne by ribs or straps, 9033.11 / 0110 BADORtGlNAL.

1A-26854

which extend eioh in two or more directions. Instead of a metal plate can also be made of other materials, e.g. made of plywood can be used.

The board is preferably essentially iron, it can but also be arched if necessary. To protect the panel from the cold when the roof for an earth container for liquefied If gases are used, the panel should preferably be provided with an insulating layer on its underside.

The thermal insulation layer can be made of glass fibers, foamed ^ Plastic (e.g. polyurethane foam or polystyrene foam), balsa wood, paper honeycomb, kapok, slag wool or Are made of rock wool. The thermal insulation layer that covers the underside of the panel must be attached. Wire mesh or aluminum bis-expanded metal are very suitable agents for fastening the insulation, but other means suitable for fastening the insulation can also be used stiff plywood, plywood, hardboard, chipboard or similar materials. In some Cases, the means used to hang the panel under the support structure can also be used to attach the insulation be used.

The girder structure can be made of steel ribs, e.g. double-T girders produced v / earth. These ribs are spaced from each other arranged above the roof and can be mutually cut (e.g. at right angles) so that a grid is formed. With a round roof, they can be in the center of the Meet the roof and thus act as a radial beam. The ribs will preferably curved so that they together form a dome-shaped

Form support structure. ⁸ AD ORIGINAL

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Other suitable beam structures can be made from beams or beams of any suitable material (e.g. made of metal, wood, prefabricated or prestressed concrete beams), They can be arranged in parallel rows with mutual spacing, intersecting or radial. In a preferred The carrier structure orders the embodiment of the invention, from beams that extend crosswise over the roof, and which are interconnected by beams and struts, so that a support for gratings, gangplanks, pipes and pump equipment is formed »In this preferred embodiment the ends of the girders are preferably placed on piles »z, B» supported on pillars made of steel or reinforced concrete, which extend down into the ground,

Bs is preferable and nearly ijarner necessary that a Part of the girder structurea extends beyond the stream panel / so that the roof is carried or held in its box can be"

One embodiment of the means for suspending the roof panel under the support structure consists of horizontally flexible hangers, the hangers being attached to the support structure and to the panel or the ribs or beams which support the panel. Preferably, these hangers are to be distributed in equal intervals, so that the table at equal intervals wear. If ä & R support structure has the Jorm a sitter, the hangers can at the intersections of ßitt "rteile be attached to the support structure. The lower bands of the hangers should preferably be attached to the tabs or brackets that support the table.

There is another type of support means for the board

90 9 8 11/011 0 ORIGINAL BATH

from supports, which “I from the edge of the table to its center extend. If the roof is essentially round, these supports can be arranged radially * If the brook is square

. * _f χ.χ i:

or rectangular, the beams intersect each other as a precaution (e.g. at right angles) and form a sitter.When using radially arranged beams, these are preferably reinforced by struts or struts, which are spaced between the beams, especially in the outer parts of the load-bearing structure. If girders, struts and rafters are used as load-bearing means, they are attached to a component which is firmly connected to the girder structure, with which these load-bearing means are attached to the girder structure, and preferably to the places where the Beams come together (if they are arranged radially) or at the intersections (if they cross). This component expediently consists of a hinge through which lines, pumping means, steam outlets, etc. can pass. However, other flaps, outlets and connections to the storage means can also be provided. The component is roughly firmly connected to the carrier structure and m ±% to the carriers so that it can withstand any vertical displacement of the carrier as a result of an upward pressure.

Unless the brook liquefied for an earth container for storage Gases is used, it is expedient to build the carrier to protect against excessive cooling} therefore should be a Insulation block inserted between the panel and the support structure will. Such a block can also be used in other cases if necessary.

If hangers are used,,, leather is preferred.

from this with a block

^: -: ■■ 909 8 1 1/0110

provided between its two ends. Another possibility Insulation consists in the fact that each hanger consists of two interconnected parts »each part with one thermal insulation layer is coated. On the other hand, if the insulation layer is below the board, that can The lower end of the hanger can be attached to the supporting ribs or beams of the panel, with the cold barrier between the supporting clans or girders and a hanging rod is switched on. This suspension rod connects the insulation grid with the cold lock; in this way the v / arm line is made out the support structure via the hangers to the underside of the roof is significantly reduced.

If the load-bearing means consist of girders which are connected to a central component, such as a Hing, then the thermal insulation can be inserted between this component and the support structure. But it can also be a layer be made of thermally insulating material between this component and each of the carriers.

The means for fixing the position of the board against any excessive upward pressure may consist of a counterweight exist. This is particularly useful when the supporting means include hangers.

The counterweight has to be preferably arranged such that ^v is an evenly distributed, downwardly directed Drücii

exercises on the board. The counterweight can consist of * blocks of a

- ■ - ?? ~ λ ^ ζί / \ -ν . - - . - ..- ■ ....- ■ ... material, the weight of which is sufficient to take any upward pressure on the board and the insulation layer sß.B; in consequence of Absiedeij. to collect a liquefied gas. It is preferable to choose the size of the counterweight not larger than

9 0 9 8 11/0110 _BAD original ■

necessary because the components of the roof are otherwise unnecessary Be exposed to stress. Suitable counterweights are blocks of metal, wood, or concrete (either dense concrete or foam "concrete) clay of suitable weight, sand or gravel. The counterweight Can be made of cylindrical concrete blocks through which the hangers are passed. The material of the counterweight can also serve as additional insulation.

Other means aum fixing the position of! EMfel against any excessively © Ä _r upward Druek which are applicable when the supporting Ilittel carriers "consist of!, The tone of the periphery of the lafel extend from its center point, consist in the fact that ! Weld the board with the means supporting the board underneath the support structure at all or some of the contact points between the board and the supporting smock.

On the other hand, or in addition, the hand of the brook can on the side walls of the container so when the roof rests on the side walls of the container that #ine Movement of the stream in the vertical direction is prevented, but that it looks expand or stand together in the horizontal sighting can «If the container ends in a wall, and especially if it ends in a concrete wall, the wall on their outside and inside with steel or another Metal clad and the panel welded to the metal cladding so that a gas-tight connection between the two is achieved. But you can also anchor bolts on the Attach the file structure and embed it in the wall.

If the insulation layer above ate 3 arranged · 909811/0110 ⁸ ADORiGlNAL

H34598 ¹ Δ-26 85+

istρ and when the temperature of the plate is expected to be close the freezing point of the water or lower, a vapor barrier is preferably used, which is above the insulation layer is arranged and sealingly connected to the supporting means. Suitable vapor barriers are made of plastic fluff material e.g. flat material made of polyethylene, polyester or similar, but flat material can also be used, which is impregnated or covered with a bituminous material,

The roof can be provided with liquid construction lines, liquid and vapor drains and, if necessary, with safety valves. To create a pre-connection with the inside of a container, the liquid supply line, the liquids and vapor discharge or all three are routed through the roof of the container. liquid methane is used. A suitable gas seal is described in the patent (patent application G 26 144 5. If the roof panel according to the invention consists of a metal membrane, this can expediently be extended on your hand and inserted into a slot in the earth, as described in the above-mentioned patent is"

351 © Brfisiuag will in the following be more about ßra & ß-thematic Drawings to saehre ^ ea Aus £ ührung8be ± spi @ X @ £ L saä-hsy explained.

Figo 1 shows eiis® & cross section Susroli a Baöh && τ ₉ walßtee a b

Fig, 2 is. from Itg, 1 in

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reduced dimensions tah.

Pig. Figure 3 is a perspective view of the roof "Fig. 1, with a part cut out.

Pig. 4 shows another embodiment of the girder,

Pig. Figure 5 shows another embodiment of a roof for a srd container in cross section.

Fig. 6 is a plan view of the roof of Pig, 5 on a reduced scale Scale.

Pig. 7 shows a cross-section through the middle of another embodiment of a roof for an earth container;

Pig. 8 shows a top view of the roof from Pig, FIG. 7, wherein part of the insulation layer and the roof has been cut away.

Pig. 9 shows, in side view, details of the suspension of the roof according to Pig. 7 and 3.

Pig. Figure 10 is a plan view of the Pig suspension arrangement. 9.

Pig. 11 is a sectional drawing showing further details of the sealing connection between the edge of the roof panel and the supporting structure with the side walls of the container according to Pig. 7th

In Pig. 1 bla 3 is an aluminum membrane 1 through steel hangers 5 at the intersections of the curved

atahlrippen 6 with the curved steel ribs 7 suspended. Concrete 4 lies on the membrane and an insulating layer 2 made of glass foam covers the underside of the membrane 1 and is through a

BATH ORIGINAL

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Wire mesh 3 held in place.

The volume of the membrane 1 forms a gas seal by being bent downward and submerged in an annular channel S t which is filled with a liquid which solidifies * when the container is filled with the intended liquid storage "

The "cold barriers" 12 consist of thermal insulation, which divides the hangers 5 ·

The ends of the families 6 and 7 are supported by a frame-shaped support 9 and 11.

Gas valves _p lines and Praapmittel are continuously transmitted and for simplification of the drawings

The curved ribs 13 in Fig. 4 do not intersect, but they meet at one point and thus act as a radial carrier *

In the I ¹ Ig * 5 and 6 "ordered represents! Präger structure of beams 14, AEIE. On Eisenbeton-" or steel columns are mounted 19th An arched ^ with an attached insulation layer 17 plated and loaded with a Segengewieht 18 AluminiumaMeckuag 16 is provided with Hangers 21 are suspended on the girder structure, the hangers being provided with "cold barriers" 15. A grass closure 20 seals the edge of the panel 16.

Me carrier can see also intersect with each other and a (Jltteraufbau similar! Ig. 2 form, or they may meet at a point in the & than radial supports are used so that _s a structure ähnlieh fig. 4 is formed.

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BAD OHSQiNAL

-11- 1A-26 854

The »support structure. 110 in Pig. 7 to 11 is independent Tom Bach 112 and consists of a bridge that consists of a upper strap 114 and a lower strap 116 which are connected to each other are connected by cross braces 118, is built up »so that a rigid structure is created in which a grating 120 lies on the lower belt 116 and forms a walkway, and the Construction of pipelines and other liquid and gas conveying equipment, about pumps and the like (not shown). The ends of the bridge are up for support Bdesten 122 suitable, which at the upper ends of the bearing pillars 124 are attached, which is located next to the I-Jrd container down extend into the ground 126.

The brook consists of a plate 130 made of steel with 95 * Nickel content, which on a supporting structure of radially arranged beams 132 and intervening rafters 134 »die ▼ on struts 136 leading all around at a radial distance are, rests, the panel 130 on its underside with the top of the girders, rafters and struts, for example by welding or similar metal connecting means is connected. The load-bearing structure including the beams and rafters The striving that is exposed to the cold of the stored liquid "must be made of a material that is insensitive to cold, such as steel with 9 # Niokol content.

A relatively thick layer 141 of glass fibers as Thermally insulating material lies on top of the board 130

around the brook in its middle part at the Kitte lake To hang up the support structure, suspension devices are used *. Pipings are detailed in Figures 9 and 10

9 0 9 8 11/0110 '* ^AD

-12- 1A-26 854

shown and include suspension organs that connect the roof-bearing beams and girders to the lower chord of the bridge. In the embodiment shown, the connection between the roof panel and the support structure takes place at the four points A ₉ B, G and D, (Fig. 8), which are evenly arranged in a king and around the center of the roof.

The one in Pig. 9 and 10 shown arrangement of suspension members consists of pairs of supports 140 which are arranged longitudinally spaced, each pair of two spaced apart Brackets 142, the upper ends of which are attached to the lower strap of the bridge 110, and extend downward from there extend. A hardwood filler block 144 extends in the longitudinal direction between the transversely spaced supports 142, the length of which is greater than the spacing in the longitudinal direction between the pairs 140; this block 144 is on its bust and its underside by metal cover plates, covered approximately by the steel plates 146 and 148, with in vertical distance profile iron 150 and 152 with the beams and plates 146 and 148 welded or otherwise are verburden, which the filling block 144 between them in his Hold the position.

Further spaced pairs of suspension members 154, each pair of a pair being transversely spaced Beams 156 is formed, are with their upper ends with the help of Profilieen 158 and 160 on the hardwood filler block attached, with the profile iron extending transversely between the beams 156 adjoining the top and bottom of the £

Plates 146 and 148 extend and at a distance in longitudinal g direction arranged within the carrier pairs 140 And. The C Profiloiooit 150 and 160 connect the beams and hats approximately

f \ O Λ f% Ί Ί ff \ 4 AC \

by welding or by other means of metal connection, the carrier 156 aicn τοπ the connecting block 144 down through the roof panel 130 to the connection with the Baohtrage.ni 132 and the rafters extend-} »nit them They are connected by welding.

The roof is supported by the container wall 170 on its outer side. The IAC is provided with a slotted Verankcirangaplatte 172 which iat connected as by welding to the ünden the Interrogator 132, and the upper <walls of the container wall i <\ t .nit · a - r bearing plate 171 veraeaen; the bearing plate and the Ve ankerunjaplaite.i aind dtei'.andei geaäii Fig. 11 n with the help of a-aa / eranteeran ^ abolzena 176 connect. ^, which aich through the zu £ ehö "ri _t ; e ichlitzöi'fn nj in the ^ erancerun ^ aplatte extends, ^ to complete the3 / ex-schluaaea between the caoh and the wall, and if there is a tight connection between them, a sealing plate 178 made of thin sheet metal is provided, which by welding at its upper edge tightly with is connected to the outer hand of the laohtafel 130, while, at the bottom, a cladding plate 179 attached to the container wall is connected, with a bellows for the part or another flexible plate 180 being interlaced. a movement of the components against each other.

Lie Vand 170 on the outer edge also had pre-stressed concrete made and with an outer trim panel 182 from tv.mperaturuneapfindlic'etn material, dae 2511a protection with "gunite" is coated, provided, and it can be used to at the top. To form part of the wall of the container to which the cladding panel 179 is attached, a .'lUssi.

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guide 184 and a liquid »discharge 186 guide you through the Roof in the container that contains the liquefied gas. To the In connection with the steam room 1.92 in the upper rope of the container, a steam outlet 190 is provided through "the roof.

The container itself is dug out of the earth 194 and a concrete foundation 196 can be provided on which the Wall 170 is being built. On the outside around the wall 170, the earth can be dug if necessary with the introduction of freezing pipes 197 to freeze the soil prior to excavation as in the preferred embodiment of the container. The previous one Freeze on, the bottom is useful if the container is in loose soil is to be created, because the frozen soil does not require expensive cladding. The ring-shaped one Space is filled with earth and covered with a layer of thermal insulation material of the type already described Kind of covered. The freezer tubes 197 can also be used to pass a cold liquid through to remove the moisture freeze in the soil surrounding the container before adding liquefied gas. Subject a short time is enough Cold the liquid inside the container from, a liquid-tight layer of frozen liquid in the Maintain walls of the container.

• o.eii / 0110

Claims (1)

- ¹⁵ - U34598 ¹ A-26 854 P A I E S! A K S P E ii C H E 1. Roof for an earth container, consisting of a support structure and a flat or curved roof panel, characterized by a thermal insulation layer, welohe one side of the board covered, furthermore by means of hanging the panel under the support structure, and through means for Fixation of the position of the board against any excessive, upward pressure. Roof according to claim 1, characterized in that g e k ο η η ζ α i c h η e t, that the table consists of an iietallmerabran. 3 · Roof according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the thermal insulation on the underside is attached to the board. 4. Roof according to claim 3 »characterized in that that the insulation layer is held in place by a wire mesh. 5. Roof according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that the support structure consists of steel ribs, which are arranged at intervals above the roof. 6. Roof according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that the means for hanging the roof panel consists of hangers that are flexible in the horizontal direction and polygons are attached to the door structure and to the panel. 7. Roof according to claim 1 to 6, characterized by a between the support structure and the roof panel eingocli; iltoton. _k .Iuolatlonakloti5. ^BATH ORIGINAL 909811/0110 - ¹⁶ - 143 A 5 98 ^1A - ²⁶⁸⁵⁴ 8. Daoh according to claim 1 to 7, characterized in that the means for fixing the position of the Board consist of a counterweight against any upward pressure. 9. Roof according to claim 8, characterized labeled in i ze η e t in that the counterweight of blocks of metal, wood or concrete "is with a matching weight · 10. Roof according to claim 2 to 9 »thereby g e k e η η - seich.net that the roof panel consists of a metal membrane, supported by a series of ribs that extend in two or more directions. 11. Roof according to claim 1 to 5 and 7, characterized in that the support structure consists of supports which extend crosswise over the roof and are connected to each other by beams and struts « 12. Roof according to claim 1 to 5 »7 and 11, characterized in that the means for supporting the panel \ under the support structure consist of beams which extend from the <■ edge of the panel aum the center of the panel. 13. Roof according to claim 12, characterized t-, that the beams are arranged radially and reinforced by rafters and struts arranged at a distance between the beams are. 14. Daoh according to claim 1, 2 _t 5 _t 7 and 11 to 13, characterized. gekanugelGh-xie-t, that the means for fixing the position of the board against any excessive, upward pressure are that the board with the means, which 909811/0110 MD OTOINAL wear the board underneath the support structure, on all or is welded to some points of contact between the panel and the supporting means. 15 · Roof according to claims 1 to 5, 7 and 11 to H, characterized in that indicates that the container has an IO wall, which is provided with a metal cladding, and that the roof panel is tightly welded to the metal cladding. 16 · Incubator for storing a liquefied gas consisting of a hole in the surface of the earth, the hole for the substance intended for storage is impermeable, furthermore from an oas outlet, conduit means and pumping means for pulling and emptying the container, characterized by a stream according to claims 1 to 15. 17. Earth container according to claim 16, characterized in that the soil formation surrounding the hole contains a liquid which solidifies when the container is filled with the substance intended for storage. BATH ORIGINAL 909811/0110