DE1280611B - Device for separating and chopping plants in rows - Google Patents

Description

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

GERMAN

PATENT OFFICE

EDITORIAL

Int. Cl .:

AOIb

German class: 45 a -41/04

Number: 1280 611

File number: P 12 80 611.0-23 (St 25985)

Filing date: October 14, 1966

Opening day: October 17, 1968

The invention relates to a device for separating and chopping plants standing in rows, especially sugar pea plants, with chopping tools, which are to be used gently for the purpose of freeing everyone Plant can be moved out of the plant row, with at least two in one around one vertical pivot axis provided by power drive pivotable carrier held chopping tools which are arranged at the same angular distance from one another on one and the same pivoting circle. Such a device is known from French patent specification 967149. With this device the pivoting movement occurs as a result of the rigid, d. H. non-interruptible coupling between the the pivoting movement generating gear members and the driving wheels of the gear continuous, d. H. not controlled intermittently.

Such a machine has considerable disadvantages simply because it takes into account Gaps or irregularities in the distance between the individual plants in the row cannot occur. However, this is a requirement that a separating device must absolutely meet if the existing one Plant population should be used as well as possible. On the other hand, it is known with this one Device not easily possible, a control element, ζ. B. one by the plant spacing Scanning sensing element-controlled clutch to switch on the drive elements for the pivoting movement, by means of which the pivoting movement could be temporarily interrupted. Because of the location the pivot axis about which the carrier carrying the chopping tools can be pivoted, exactly above the Plant row always run two hoeing tools at a distance one behind the other in the same Row, and the distance between the plants would be greater than the distance between the two hoeing tools is in the row, the plants left by the front tool of the rear tool can be hacked away.

The aim of the invention is to provide the above-mentioned * known from French patent specification 967149 To train device in such a way that the chopping process by scanning the plant distance Touch organ, which can be designed in any way, is controllable.

According to the invention, this is achieved by the combination of the following features:

a) The chopping tools are approximately parallel and in the direction of one to the pivot axis of the carrier Distance from this arranged axis of rotation in

Device for separating and chopping in
Rows of standing plants

Applicant:

Dipl.-Ing. Walter Stall,

3150 Peine, Akazienstr. 12th

Named as inventor:

Dipl.-Ing. Walter Stoll, 3150 Peine;

Gregor Knüsting, 3325 Broistedt;

Siegfried Gramse, 3320 Salzgitter-Lebenstedt

formed in a known manner driven rotating chopping stars;

b) the pivot axis lies laterally outside the row of plants in a manner known per se about half the diameter of the pivot circle offset from this;

c) the pivoting movement of the axis of each chopping star is controlled in a manner known per se intermittently in the same direction of rotation, each by the angular spacing of the chopping stars to each other.

A device with chopping tools which are rigid during the chopping process itself, ie not rotatingly driven and which can only be pivoted about an axis lying to the side of the row for the purpose of moving out of the row of plants, is known from the documents of the German utility model 1929 275. With this device, however, it is only possible to process rows of relatively resistant plants, such as tobacco plants, fruit trees or vines. Such a device is not suitable for small young plants. Because of the breaking up of the ground in hard soil further in front of a rigid hoeing tool, the close working up to the young plants, which is required with a small sowing distance, is hardly possible without their suction roots being damaged in the process.
According to feature a) designed as rotating chopping tools have the advantage over those that are rigid, ie non-rotating, that they can be brought up close to the particular plant to be protected without any disadvantage. As a result of the milling action exerted by them, in which smaller pieces of soil are torn loose, the soil in the area in front of the tool does not break up and thus does not break up

809 627/1000

3 4

also not to the circular rigidity described by stars in the pivoting movement, especially on hard ground Damage caused by tools ses laterally outside the plant to be worked on small plants. Also put rotating row lies.

Tools of the swivel movement when moving out and There is another feature of the invention

Moving out of or into the row of plants, the direction of the swivel movement is selected so that

Significantly lower resistance in the ground as opposed to the fact that the centers of the chopping stars correspond to those in the area

as rigid, not rotating. part of the swivel circle lying next to the row of plants,

However, it does not yet lead to a separating device that can be used in practice in relation to the device in the opposite direction to the drive, if a rigid chopping direction is passed through.

tools are replaced by rotating ones. Rather, a usable device only arises from the row of plants then, albeit according to feature b), the pivoting pivoting speed of the centers of the chopping axis in a manner known per se laterally outside star at least when disengaging the corresponding Plant row around half the diameter of the chopping star from the plant row the same size as " of the swivel circle with respect to this is offset 15 the driving speed or preferably greater and also according to feature c) the swivel be- as this.

movement controlled intermittently in always the same turning speed Is the slewing speed the same as the driving

meaning in each case by the angular distance of the hoeing speed, the center of the moves

witness to each other. Hacksterns on a pointed cycloid; so he kicks

The arrangement of the pivot axis 20 makes it out of the series at right angles. Is the swivel

to the side outside the row according to feature b) but greater than the travel speed

made sure that even with an arrangement with a speed, that is how the Hackstern describes what is special

even number of chopping stars, e.g. two or cheap, even a detachment movement from the

four chopping stars, always only one of the chopping plant against the direction of travel,

star works in a row, and the measure is 25

according to feature c) then leads to a device in which games and further details of the invention are

by scanning the plants in line and noting. It shows

place different plants in their location. 1 a device in a schematic representation in

distances in the row are automatically taken into account top view,

the. 30 Fig. 2 shows a longitudinal section of the device according to

From U.S. Patents 1,655,509, 2,514,338 F i g. 1,

and 3 057413 are also devices with rotating figs. 3 shows a section AA of FIG. 2,

Tools become known in which geared Fig. 4 in cross section the main part of a second

level, constantly working knife disks embodiment of the device,

are provided. However, it is not possible, in FIG. 35 F i g. 5 a part of a in the in F i g. 4 shown

such devices to install a controller, so that the switching example used

with none of these devices with the invention coupling,

The effect that can be achieved according to the device embodied is shown in FIG. 6 a view in the direction of arrow E

lets aim. the in F i g. 5 arrangement shown,

It is also from the French patent 40 Fig. 7 in a schematic representation of the main part

738 990 a device known that two continuously driven another embodiment,

level to get axes slightly inclined from the perpendicular F i g. 8 partially cut a special kind

rotating milling heads of larger diameter with the attachment of a chopping star on this

has rigidly attached chopping tools. supporting shaft,

It is also not possible with this known device. 9 a to generate a periodically infinite, Plants in the same advantageous way as a uniform pivoting movement in the drive a device designed according to the invention to organs for the pivoting movement switchable Gevereinzeln, drives and

In the device designed according to the invention, FIG. 10 is a section CC of FIG. 9.

between the drive of the chopping stars and the 50 The device is attached to a tool rail 1

drove for the pivoting movement of the bearing of the brought in a manner not shown

Chopping stars containing carrier a Schaltkupp a tractor or an equipment carrier grown

ment provided by a button that is in. The direction of travel is denoted by F. The device

the plant to be protected is scanned in the usual way, by means of parallel links 2 in the usual way

is controlled, d. H. each for the required 55 vertical direction kept movable in parallel, where-

Angle of rotation of the carrier carrying the chopping stars is adjustable by means of not shown

is switched on. This angle of rotation is the angle at which support wheels are guided on the ground.

by which the chopping stars are offset from one another. As in particular also the F i g. 3 shows are in the

A particularly simple structure of the device results in the device having two chopping stars 3, 4 with, for example, four each

when the clutch is arranged directly on 60 radially directed knives 5, of which

one containing the storage of the chopping stars but only one, z. B. the Hackstern 3, in

Support holding shaft is arranged. But it is the plant row 6 is working. It is of course also at

Of course, it is also possible to use the clutch on a corresponding design of the swivel gear

Another suitable place in the drive transmission possible, the device with only one chopping star or

insertion organs for the pivoting movement. 65 to equip more than two, e.g. three chopping stars.

So that only one Hacksterri in the plant The chopping stars 3, 4 are attached to shafts 7, 8,

series works, the device is arranged so that the attached to a vertical shaft 10 in a

The center of the centers of the chopping carrier 9 are rotatably mounted. Above the

5 6

gers9 are on the shafts7, 8 gears, 12 speed of different block lengths, one serves

attached, which is connected to a to the shaft 10 change gear 27, which is advantageous also as

concentric hollow shaft 14 attached gear 13 continuously variable transmission can be formed so that

are engaged. The shaft 10 is set to any desired length of the block 36 in the hollow shaft

14 and the hollow shaft 14 can in turn be in the housing 5. In order to find the fastest possible

15 of the device rotatably mounted. swivel the currently in the row of plants 6 work around to reach the chopping chopping star working in plant row 6 out of the row

star 3 to move out of the row of plants 6, before the swivel speed of the Mit-

this the center points 37, 38 of the chopping stars containing the plant 17 to be protected are greater than that

Has reached block 36, the normal transverse travel speed of the device becomes. In this case

to the direction of travel F standing carrier 9 by 180 ° would then, as in FIG. 3 is shown,

swiveled, d. that is, the carrier 9 is placed around the center point 37 of the chopping star 3 on the cyclo-

further rotated, around which the chopping stars 3, 4 move against one another 35.

are offset from one another. If there are more than two hoes, the swivel movement is always the same

Stars the swivel angle is correspondingly smaller. 15 direction (arrow U) such that the area of the

Because of the superimposition of the pivoting movement of the pivoting circle 39, which lies in the row of plants 6, of the carrier 9 and the movement of the device opposite to the direction of travel F,
If the center 37 of the chopping star 3 moves to Advantageously, the chopping stars 3, 4 are in the direction of a pointed cycloid 18 and the center point 38 of the swiveling direction U , the direction of rotation V of the chopping star 4 is in the same direction on a cycloid 19, when the ao is driven, so that, as can be seen from the in the manner of a pivot speed of these center points 37, 38 epicyclic gear from the gear wheel 13 taking place about the pivot axis II equal to the driving speed drive of the speed of the device associated with the chopping stars 3, 4. From the series of gears, 12, while the chopping star 3 enters the swivel, the speed of the chopping stars 3, 4 (gears moving between the curves 18 'and 18 ″) is increased during this swiveling movement In this way, the inserted floor strips and bites from the chopping knives 5 remain, and thus the star 4 of the load on the individual knives 5 located between the curves 19 ', 19 ″ also in the case of the in-floor strip. follow the superposition of swivel and travel

For the purpose of generating the circulating movement of the chopping movement, increased feed approximately constant,

stars3, 4 are shown in the 30 shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 shows a particularly simple training

Embodiment of the form of the implement from the tractor.

The main shaft 21, which can be driven by a cardan shaft 20, is used to control the pivoting movement of the carrier 9 by means of a chain drive 23. The drive of the chopping right in the direction of travel F extending hollow shaft 24 35 stars 3, 4 takes place from the shaft 29 'via a driven with. From this hollow shaft 24 from this shaft connected bevel gear 31 'takes place on which the drive of the vertical hollow shaft 14 by means of bevel gear 26', the hub of which at the same time forms the vertical bevel gears 25, 26. Hollow shaft 14 '. At the lower end of the hollow

To the Hackstem 3 behind the shaft 14 'to be protected, the gear 13 is attached from which

Plant 17 from row 6 and at the same time drive the 40 chopping stars 3, 4 as already described.

Hackster 4 in front of this plant 17 are entered in row 6.

nod, as described, is an intermittent nod when the inner ring 42 of the clutch 40 is with two hacking stars each rigidly connected by 180 ° pivot angle of the vertical shaft 10, during the ensuing pivoting movement of the carrier 9 required driven outer ring 43 with both in Gederlich. For this purpose, between a 45 housing 15 of the device and on the shaft 10 rotary change gear 27 is connected from the main shaft 21 mounted bevel gear 32 '. The tax driven Shaft 28 and the extension of this tion of the clutch 40 is done by holding Shaft 28 forming shaft 29, which is in the hollow shaft 24 or release of the cage leading to the rollers 44 is mounted, a clutch 30 is arranged. The coupling clutch is switched 180 ° against each other by means of one with two 30 can, as shown schematically in FIG shown to be an electromagnetic clutch 41. For the purpose of pivoting the carrier 9 is the or, as will be explained in more detail later, a switching ring 41 is also released for half a turn, mechanically operated roller clutch. so that the shaft 10 is coupled to the bevel gear 32 '

From the shaft 29, the carrier 9 is carried.

Lowing shaft 10 is driven via bevel gears 31, 32. 55 Holding and releasing the switching ring 41

The number of teeth of the bevel gear is advantageous, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 is shown by means of

32 chosen to be twice as large as that of the bevel gear of an electromagnetically detached from the locking cam 45

31, so that the shaft 29 rushes forward again with every pivoting of the liftable and under spring pressure.

Carrier 9 take place by 180 ° by a full turn of the pawl 33, the notch

is to be turned further, whereby the control of the 60 from a scanning of the plant to be protected

Clutch is facilitated. Tactile organ is controlled.

The application of the electromagnetic input to actuate the locking mechanism for the switching

Clutch 30 takes place by means of a pawl 33 formed in a suitable ring 41

Way designed and not shown electromagnet 16 simultaneously actuates a carrier

Switching element, which contains a feeler element, which the to 65 ger 9 in its working position transversely to the direction of travel

gentle plant 17 scans. fixed pawl 34. For this purpose, the

To generate different swivel speeds, the inner ring 42 of the coupling is rotatably

and thus with the same driving-bound ring 42 'provided with a groove 22 into which

the pawl 34 engages. The pawl has the same shape as the pawl 33. Both pawls can, as FIG Groove 22 held. The movements of the pawl 33 and the pawl 34 must be able to take place independently of one another since, in order to disengage the clutch 40, the pawl 33 first engages with the latching cams 45 or 45 '. As a result, the switching ring 41 and thus the cage guiding the rollers 44 is fixed, and when the outer ring 43 of the coupling 40 continues to rotate, a relative movement occurs between the switching ring 41 on the one hand and the outer ring 43 and the inner ring 42 and the still coupled to it with this connected ring 42 'on the other hand. The pawl 34 does not enter the groove 22 of the ring 42 'until after this relative movement has ended, that is to say after the disengagement has taken place. Between the switching ring 41 and the ring 42 'connected to the inner ring 42, a torsion spring is switched on, which is tensioned during the relative movement that takes place when the clutch is disengaged and which the switching ring 41 and thus the cage guiding the rollers 44 after the detachment pawl 33 has been released at the same time and the pawl 34 rotated forward in the direction of rotation U relative to the inner ring that the coupling takes place.

In the exemplary embodiments explained so far, the pivoting movement of the carrier 9 always takes place around an axis I-I perpendicular to the floor. Both work during the pivoting movement Chopping stars 3, 4 in the ground.

However, as Fig. 7 shows, it is quite possible to allow the pivoting movement to take place around a slightly inclined axis H-II. This has the Advantage that. only the chopping star working on the row of plants, e.g. the chopping star3, in the Soil works while the chopping star 4 rotates freely outside of the soil. With such a training on the one hand the power consumption is lower, on the other hand the swivel movement is due to the ground resistance that only acts one chopping star at a time is made much easier.

In order to avoid damage to the chopping knives or to the shafts 7, 8 carrying the chopping stars 3, 4 if they run into a stone, either the hubs 59 of the chopping stars 3, 4 on the shafts 7, 8 are below Interposition of an elastic element, for example a rubber sleeve 58, or the knives 5 are, as is also shown in FIG. 8 shown, attached to the hubs 59 'with the interposition of an overload protection 60; This overload protection 60 can %. B. be designed in the usual way in the manner of a slip clutch, the knives 5 between two pressure disks 61, 62 are clamped. When the maximum transmissible torque is reached, the hub 59 'can then spin with respect to the knife;

The requirement for swiveling in and out quickly the chopping star, but at the same time sufficient block length, can be awb at a lower $ 6 Achieve the spacing of the chopping stars in that the pivoting movement takes place non-uniformly, namely in such a way that the. out; - or swiveling in takes place quickly, but that the part of the swing circle in which both chopping stars moves outside the row of plants are, the carrier 9 is thus approximately parallel to the row of plants, is passed through with a delay.

Such a non-uniform pivoting movement can, as shown schematically in FIGS. 9 and 10, generate, for example, that the shaft 28 of the in F i g. 2 illustrated embodiment is interrupted and between the resulting shaft parts 29 ', 29 "a non-uniform translating gear, e.g. B. an oval gear 56, 57, is switched on,

Claims (13)

Patent claims: 1. Device for separating and baking plants standing in rows, in particular Sugar beet plants, with hoeing tools, which are to be used gently for the purpose of freeing everyone Plant can be moved out of the plant row, with at least two in one by one approximately vertical pivot axis held by power drive pivotable carrier chopping tools are provided, which are at the same angular distance from each other on one and the same pivoting circle are arranged, characterized by the combination of all of the following features: ä) the chopping tools are each one to the pivot axis (I-I, II-II) of the carrier (9) approximately parallel to and at a distance from this axis of rotation (shaft 7, 8) in on in a known manner driven rotating chopping stars (3, 4) formed; b) the pivot axis (I-I, II-II) lies in a known manner laterally outside the Row of plants offset by about half the diameter of the pivot circle (39) with respect to this; c) the pivoting movement of the carrier (9) is always the same in a controlled, intermittent manner Direction of rotation in each case by the angular distance between the chopping stars (3, 4). 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that that between the drive of the chopping stars (3, 4) and the drive for the pivoting movement of the carrier (9) a clutch (30.40) is provided. 3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the clutch (40) is immediate is arranged on a shaft (10) holding the carrier (9). 4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that that one for the actuation of the clutch (40) is used when the clutch is engaged circumferential switching ring (41) one of the number of chopping stars (3, 4) the same number of Has locking cams (45, 45 ') evenly distributed over its circumference, via which the Switching ring (41) by means of a controlled, stationary switching pawl (33) for the purpose of disengaging Clutch (40) can be locked. 5. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the clutch (30) is a change gear (27) is connected upstream. 6. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that in the drive for the Pivoting movement of the carrier (9) a periodically non-uniformly translating gear (56, 57) is provided. 7. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the center points (37, 38) of the chopping stars (3, 4) in the area of the row of plants (6) lying part of the pivoting circle (39), based on the device opposite to the direction of travel (F ), go through (arrow U). 8. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the pivot speed of the Center points (37, 38) of the chopping stars (3, 4) with respect to the device at least when moving out of the corresponding chopping star from the row of plants (6) is the same as the driving speed of the device or preferably larger than this. 9. Apparatus according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that on the shafts (7, 8) gears (11, 12) containing the chopping stars (3, 4) at their lower ends are attached, with a concentric to the pivot axis (I-I, II-II) lying drive ao gear (13) are in engagement. 10. Apparatus according to claims 7, 8 and 9, characterized in that the Umlaufbewe- supply (arrows V) of the chopping stems (3, 4) and the pivoting movement (arrow U) of the carrier (9) containing the chopping stars (3, 4) take place in the same direction. 11. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the chopping stars (3, 4) in per se known Way are formed by chopping knives (5) attached to hubs (59). 12. Apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the hubs (59) of the chopping stars (3, 4) attached to their shafts (7, 8) in the plane of rotation of the chopping knife (5) in an elastically flexible manner are. 13. Apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the chopping stars on the shafts (7, 8) (3, 4) overload clutches (60) are provided. Considered publications:
French Patent Nos. 967 149, 738 990; U.S. Patent Nos. 3,057,413, 2514338,
509 For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings 809 627/1000 10.68 © Bundesdruckerei Berlin