DE1233155B - Arrangement for the projection display of measured values - Google Patents

Description

GERMAN VMWW- PATENT OFFICE

EDITORIAL

G02b

German class: 42 d- 2/10

Number: 1233 155

File number: U 9199IX b / 42 d

1 233 X33 Filing date: August 17, 1962

Opened on: January 26, 1967

The invention relates to an arrangement for the projection display of any measured values, in which a slide with several scales and display areas is used. The slide is here coupled to an axis transmitting the respective measured value and the projection screen fixed arranged.

With a changeover switch for different measured variables, points or areas, organs actuated, with which in each case the individual scale of the slide belonging to the selected measuring process in the beam path of the projection device is switched. In doing so, the projection optics are partially or moved entirely as a function of the switch.

In order to achieve the precision required for a measured value display and the movable mass of the display device To keep them as small as possible, slides with multiple scales can be beneficial have microscopic divisions, find use. The imaging devices for this are Micro-projection arrangements that greatly enlarge a corresponding section of a single scale image on a fixed projection screen. In order to keep the dimensions of the arrangement small, are Projection lenses (projectives) with a short focal length used. The demand for higher Image quality therefore requires very high precision of the optics and the mechanical arrangements involved.

Arrangements for projection display with a variety of individual scales having slides are known. However, they have a number of disadvantages, which up to now have not allowed such arrangements for the display of any measured values, especially those coming from precision measuring mechanisms to use. Such arrangements are for the sake of saving space on the display area as well for easy and safe readability of the display values required that the projection of the respective Scale section always at the same point on a screen with the same fixed reading mark he follows. In addition, the magnification of the display must be constant and the image must always be the largest Have sharpness. Furthermore, the sequence of the scale image must always be the same as that of the reading mark take place.

In known arrangements for projection display, the slide makes a translational movement with the individual scales. This can only be achieved with the absolutely necessary precision with great expenditure of mechanical means, since the arrangement for the projection display of
Readings

Applicant:
Hans Ulbricht,

Neubiberg near Munich, Ara-Str. 23

Named as inventor:

Hans Ulbricht, Neubiberg near Munich

mechanical means are frictional and thereby themselves lead to measurement errors. In addition, in known arrangements, the projection optics or parts thereof also make a translational movement. This, too, must be done with high precision and therefore also requires a great deal of mechanical means. In addition, in order to maintain the projection distance according to the relationship IIa + IIb = Ilf (a - slide distance from the lens; b = image distance from the lens; / = focal length of the lens), what is known as optical compensation must be provided, that is, means must be provided to to be able to adhere to the stated optical relationship. In view of the required precision of the microprojection, these means are also very expensive. In known arrangements, the subfield is not always projected at the same point, which means that the display requires a larger space and is inconvenient. The risk of reading errors is greater, and the detection of the display z. B. by television, photo or film equipment is made more difficult. In known arrangements, the measured value is not transmitted to the slide scale by rotation, but multi-articulated gears are used for transmission, with translational movements also taking place if necessary. Both the effort and the friction occurring in the joints and the associated falsifications of the measured values are particularly disadvantageous. The respective measured value is usually not displayed continuously, or the beginnings of the movable scales are not arranged in such a way that the associated measured value is displayed immediately when the scale is changed, without the need for further adjustments of the scale carrier or reading mark.

The difficulty of adjustment is common to all known arrangements for projection display, especially the beginnings of the scale, the equal

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moderation of the progression of the projected scale image when the measured variable changes and which is always required Affect the sharpness of the image at each measurement position.

The present invention is based on the object of an arrangement for a projection display of measured values to eliminate the disadvantages mentioned and, moreover, to design the facilities in such a way that that facilitates the safe and documentary recording of measurement results and measurement conditions and reading errors are largely eliminated. Such an arrangement for projection display of any measured values using one of several scales and display ranges having, coupled to an axis transmitting the respective measured value, and a slide fixed projection screen is characterized according to the invention in that projection optics is arranged pivotably over the entire width of the slide so that the of the respective measuring point on the slide relative to the pivot axis and to the measured value transmission axis against each other Include an angle of 90 ° and that the pivot axis of the projection optics with the measured value transmitting axis parallel and partially parallel to the optical axis of the projection optics runs.

In a further embodiment of the invention, there is an additional optical system that projects the measured value Projection optics fixedly arranged in the beam path opposite the projection screen, and these fixedly arranged In addition to the projection of the measured value scale, the optics also project one through the measured value units of the measuring instrument given basic scale. There is also another projection optic and on the projection screen next to the projected images of measured value scale with measured value and base scale of the measuring instrument, a column is provided for a projection of metrological information. A scale with metrological information is firmly arranged opposite the projection screen, and the optics scanning this scale is with a correspondingly arranged mirror on the projection optics coupled to the measured value scale and, with this, brings the scanned one in a pivotable manner metrological information about the imaging path of these projection optics on the projection screen.

As shown on the basis of an application example, the arrangement according to the invention has the disadvantages inherent in the known arrangements do not have. The respective measured value and the associated The basic measured variable and a corresponding metrological note are simultaneously in one image field detectable, and there is thus the possibility of incorrect readings due to successive readings Readings eliminated. All movements of the arrangement are made by rotation, which makes the necessary Precision is achieved with the least amount of equipment.

On the basis of one in the F i g. 1 to 5 illustrated embodiment, the invention is described in more detail.

1 shows the principle of the measured value scale slide and the assignment of the pivot and measured value axes;

F i g. 2 gives a projection display made up of a measured value scale, a basic scale and a metrological one Reference again;

F i g. Figure 3 shows the front elevation of a projection assembly;

Fig. 4 gives the side elevation section of the embodiment according to F i g. 3 again;

FIG. 5 shows the plan view of the arrangement according to FIG. 3.

1 shows the principle of a measured value scale slide 1 with several individual scales 3. The measured value scale slide 1 is drawn in the middle position (V2 scale circumference) and is rotated about a measured value transmission axis 2 perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. The size of the twist corresponds to the measured value wz. The number of individual scales 3 corresponds to that of the measuring points and measuring ranges. The individual scales 3 have their common center point in the measured value transmission axis 2.

The projection optics are rotated about the pivot axis 4 with the amount η , so that the individual scale 3 corresponding to the measuring area or the measuring point runs through the optical axis of the projection arrangement. The center line 5 is the geometric location both for the centers of the individual scales 3 and for the point of intersection of the optical axis of the projection optics. The center line 5 is therefore an arc of a circle around the point of penetration of the pivot axis 4 through the plane of the drawing. The point of penetration of the projection optics lies in the middle position of the measured value scale slide 1 to 6.

The beginnings of the individual scales 3 lie on the circular arc-shaped starting line 7, which is determined from the radius given by the distance between points 4 and 6 . The measured value transmission axis 2, the pivot axis 4 and the optical axis of the projection optics with their penetration point located in the middle at point 6 are parallel to each other and are perpendicular to the plane of the drawing and to the plane of movement of the measured value scale slide 1. The line 2-6-4 includes one Angle by 90 °.

In most cases it is desirable or necessary that two scale sections are projected, namely

1. the one from the individual scale for the relevant measuring point (measuring range) and

2. the one from a basic scale on which the true measured variable present in the measuring instrument is recognizable.

For example, the temperature of a measuring instrument at numerous points with thermocouples measured. Due to the differences in circuits and measuring ranges as well as the thermocouples themselves, a scale is required for each measuring point. These scales are divided into degrees Celsius. However, the measuring instrument is a microvoltmeter, and the basic scale accordingly shows a μ V graduation. This basic scale always remains in the beam path fixed projection optics.

If other, non-electrical or electrical quantities are measured, this basic scale shows always the real quantity flowing through the actual measuring organ of the measuring instrument, i.e. at a galvanometer the coil current.

Furthermore, the arrangement according to the invention still fulfills the task of each defined position of the To project projection optics assigned image. In this picture z. B. measuring point, measuring range, Target value, scale value, permissible measuring tolerances and other metrological information about the instantaneous

Claims (2)

Lent set measuring state made visible. These images are preferably colored, as are the associated scales. Fig. 2 shows the representation of a projection display according to the invention. A screen 11 bears a label and takes on the ground glass for the projection images. A scale image 12 in the middle is a projected section from one of the individual scales 3 (FIG. 1). Another scale image 13 is a section of the basic scale, which always remains in the beam path of the projection optics. A field 14 on the left is the projection of the information which characterize the respective measurement state set. In the example shown, the measuring point 11 is switched on, at which the temperature of the cooling water inlet, which should be 30 ± 2 ° C., is measured. The measured temperature is displayed on the scale image 12 and is 29.5 ° C. The scale value for this is projected onto the field 14; it is 1 scale value = 1 ° C. The true measured value of the microvoltmeter can be read off in the projected right scale image 13 with 72.72 μν. A fixed reading mark 15 designed as a line is used for reading. FIG. 3, 4 and 5 schematically illustrate an embodiment of the invention in elevation section (FIG. 3), side elevation section (FIG. 4) and plan view (FIG. 5). A measured value transmission axis 21 introduces the measured value m. On the measured value transmission axis 21, a measured value scale slide 22 is attached, the z. B. is designed as described in FIG. The measured value scale slide 22 is drawn in the middle position. A pin 24 is arranged in a fixed bracket 23 in such a way that a pivot arm 27 attached to the pin 24 is rotatably mounted about the axis 25. On the swivel arm 27 are a light source 28, a condenser 29, three small mirrors 30, 31 and 33 standing parallel to one another, a small objective 32, an objective 34 through which the optical axis passes at the piercing point 26, and two mirrors 35 standing parallel to one another and 36 arranged. The swivel arm 27 is connected to a switching element for the measuring points or measuring ranges. This connection is shown in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 as well as the projection screen are not shown. A light source 37, a condenser 38, four small mirrors 39, 40, 41 and 42 and an objective 43 are also attached to the fixed bracket 23. The measured value scale slide 22 has individual scales 45 for the corresponding measuring points or measuring ranges, each subdivided into the measured variables of interest (e.g. temperatures). In addition, the measured value scale slide 22 has a basic scale 44 which is subdivided into units of the quantity actually measured in the measuring element of the instrument (for example microvolt). The measured value transmission axis 21 is adjusted directly or indirectly according to the given measured value m, and the swivel arm 27 is swiveled via the switching element of the system according to the amount, i.e. the measuring point and / or the measuring range are set. As a result, the entire optical device (28 ... 36) attached to the swivel arm 27 is also swiveled. As a result, the corresponding individual scale 45 enters the beam path of the optical device, i. H. into the optical axis of the objective 34. 6g Now a section of the corresponding individual scale 45 is illuminated by the light source 28 via the condenser 29 and projected with the objective 34 via the mirrors 35 and 36 arranged parallel to one another onto a non-illustrated, housing-fixed ground glass. Since the projection beam emerges from the mirror 36 as an extension of the axis of the pin 24 and is passed on to the ground glass via fixed mirrors, the projection image on the ground glass remains upright regardless of the pivoting movement of the pivot arm 27. On the ground glass, not shown, an enlarged, upright detail image of the individual scale 45 set in each case can be seen, which moves with the change in the measured value m. In Fig. 2 shows the enlarged section of the individual scale 45 as a scale image 12. The reading of the measured value takes place at the fixed setting mark 15. In addition to the individual scales 45, the measured value scale slide 22 on the edge of the scale field also has a basic scale 44 which always remains in the beam path of the optical device formed by the components 37 ... 43. A section of this basic scale 44 corresponding to the measured value m is projected onto the ground glass in an enlarged manner. In FIG. 2, the projected section is shown on the right scale image 13. The basic scale 44 can also be attached to the scale field on the measured value scale slide 22 as an outermost circular arc. The slide of a measuring point scale 46 is attached to the bracket 23, which according to the invention bears a corresponding lettering (measuring point or measuring range) or a field with characters for each switching position of the pivot arm 27. This text and character field contains metrological information, such as the designation of the measuring point, etc. The corresponding field is illuminated via the small mirrors 30 and 31 and projected by the lens 32 via the mirrors 33 and 36 onto the ground glass. In Fig. 2, this projection image is shown in the left field 14. The arrangement according to the invention can be used with advantage, except in the possible applications listed as examples, wherever the previously known projection display arrangements are not used. Patent claims: 1. Arrangement for the projection display of any measured values using a having several scales and display areas, with one transmitting the respective measured value Axis coupled slide and a fixed projection screen, thereby characterized in that a projection optics is arranged pivotably over the entire width of the slide so that the respective Measuring point on the slide to the pivot axis and to the measured value transmission axis plumb bobbles against each other by an angle Include 90 ° and that the pivot axis of the projection optics with the transmitting the measured value Axis parallel and parallel to the optical axis of the projection optics. 2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that to the projecting the measured value Optics an additional projection optics in the beam path opposite the projection screen is fixed and that this fixed optics next to the projection of the measured value scale additionally one through the measured value units