DE1051991B - Process for producing an electrical discharge tube with at least one electrode with low thermal emission and electrical discharge tubes produced by this process - Google Patents
Process for producing an electrical discharge tube with at least one electrode with low thermal emission and electrical discharge tubes produced by this processInfo
- Publication number
- DE1051991B DE1051991B DEN14252A DEN0014252A DE1051991B DE 1051991 B DE1051991 B DE 1051991B DE N14252 A DEN14252 A DE N14252A DE N0014252 A DEN0014252 A DE N0014252A DE 1051991 B DE1051991 B DE 1051991B
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- layer
- tube
- carbide
- cathode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J19/00—Details of vacuum tubes of the types covered by group H01J21/00
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J19/00—Details of vacuum tubes of the types covered by group H01J21/00
- H01J19/28—Non-electron-emitting electrodes; Screens
- H01J19/30—Non-electron-emitting electrodes; Screens characterised by the material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2893/00—Discharge tubes and lamps
- H01J2893/0001—Electrodes and electrode systems suitable for discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J2893/0012—Constructional arrangements
- H01J2893/0019—Chemical composition and manufacture
- H01J2893/002—Chemical composition and manufacture chemical
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2893/00—Discharge tubes and lamps
- H01J2893/0001—Electrodes and electrode systems suitable for discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J2893/0012—Constructional arrangements
- H01J2893/0019—Chemical composition and manufacture
- H01J2893/0022—Manufacture
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer elektrischen Entladungsröhre mit mindestens einer thermisch hochbelastbaren Elektrode, die eine große Wärmeausstrahlung und eine geringe thermische Emission hat. Weiter bezieht sich die Erfindung auf eine elektrische Entladungsröhre mit mindestens einer solchen Elektrode.The invention relates to a method for manufacturing an electrical discharge tube with at least one thermally highly resilient electrode, which has a high level of heat radiation and a low level has thermal emission. The invention also relates to an electrical discharge tube at least one such electrode.
Es ist bekannt, daß der Überzug einer Elektrode mit einer S chi cht aus einem Edelmetall der Gruppe VIII des Periodischen Systems die thermische Emission stark herabsetzt. Um Legieren oder Diffundieren des Edelmetalles in das Kernmaterial der Elektrode zu verhüten, wurde eine Zwischenschicht aus Metallkarbid angebracht. Diese Karbidschicht wurde da durch erhalten, daß die Elektrode in einer kohlenstoffhaltigen Atmosphäre oder in einem Topf mit Kohlenstoffpulver erhitzt wurde. Auf der Karbidschicht wurde eine dünne Schicht aus Platmpulver angebracht. Die Elektrode wurde darauf erhitzt, so daß die Platinteilchen schmolzen und aneinander und an der Karbidschicht festsinterten.It is known that the coating of an electrode with a layer of a noble metal of Group VIII of the periodic table greatly reduces the thermal emission. To alloy or diffuse the To prevent precious metal from getting into the core material of the electrode, an intermediate layer of metal carbide was used appropriate. This carbide layer was obtained by the fact that the electrode in a carbonaceous Atmosphere or in a saucepan with carbon powder. On the carbide layer a thin layer of platinum powder was applied. The electrode was heated on it, like this that the platinum particles melted and sintered to each other and to the carbide layer.
Es ist auch bekannt, in einer Röhre mit einer Thoriumoxydkathode eine aus Molybdän bestehende Elektrode zunächst mit vorproduziertem Zirkonkarbid zu überziehen, um darauf Kohlenstoff auf der Elektrode anzubringen. DieserKohlenetoffkonnte dabei den aus der Elektrode ausgelösten Sauerstoff binden, bevor die Kathode angegriffen wurde. Die Karbidschicht wurde dermaßen stark erhitzt, daß die Karbidteilchen schmolzen und eine gut haftende Schicht bildeten. Auf der Karbidschicht wurde dann noch eine Schicht aus einem Edelmetall der Gruppe VIII des Periodischen Systems, z. B. Platin, angebracht. It is also known to use a tube made of molybdenum in a tube with a thorium oxide cathode First of all to coat the electrode with pre-produced zirconium carbide in order to put carbon on the To attach the electrode. This carbon could bind the oxygen released from the electrode, before the cathode was attacked. The carbide layer was heated to such an extent that the Carbide particles melted and formed a well adhering layer. On the carbide layer was then another layer of a noble metal from Group VIII of the Periodic Table, e.g. B. platinum attached.
Es war weiter bekannt, bei einer aus Molybdän bestehenden Elektrode eine solche Karbidschicht dadurch zu bilden, daß ein Gemisch aus Zirkonium- und Kohlenstoffpulver angebracht wurde, wobei der Kohlenstoff in Übermaß vorhanden war, welches Gemisch über 1700° C erhitzt wurde, so daß Karbid gebildet wurde. Der Kohlenstoff wandelte auch einen Teil des Kernmetalles in Karbid um, so daß Kohlenstoff in einem Überschuß vorhanden sein mußte. Auf der Karbidschicht konnte dann eine Platinschicht oder eine Kohlenstoffschicht angebracht werden.It was also known to have such a carbide layer in an electrode made of molybdenum to form that a mixture of zirconium and carbon powder was attached, the Carbon was in excess, which mixture was heated above 1700 ° C, so that carbide was formed became. The carbon also converted some of the core metal to carbide, making carbon had to be present in excess. A layer of platinum or a carbon layer can be applied.
Die erwähnten, bekannten Verfahren haben jedoch ernsthafte Nachteile, da es sich gezeigt hat, daß, wenn der Kern teilweise in Karbid umgewandelt wird, das Kernmaterial spröde wird. Dies ist auch der Fall, wenn so hoch erhitzt wird, daß Karbide schmelzen, wozu die Temperatur erheblich höher als 2000° C sein muß. Außerdem entsteht eine glatte Oberfläche, so daß die Wärmeausstrahlung der auf dieser Oberfläche angebrachten Edelmetallschicht geringer seinHowever, the mentioned, known methods have serious disadvantages, since it has been shown that if the core is partially converted into carbide, the core material becomes brittle. This is also the case when heated so high that carbides melt, for which the temperature is considerably higher than 2000 ° C have to be. It also creates a smooth surface, so that the heat radiation on this surface attached precious metal layer be lower
Verfahren zur Herstellung
einer elektrischen EntladungsröhreMethod of manufacture
an electric discharge tube
mit mindestens einer Elektrode
mit geringer thermischer Emission
und durch dieses Verfahren hergestellte elektrische Entladungsröhrewith at least one electrode
with low thermal emission
and an electric discharge tube manufactured by this method
Anmelder:Applicant:
N. V. Philips' Gloeilampenfabrieken,
Eindhoven (Niederlande)NV Philips' Gloeilampenfabrieken,
Eindhoven (Netherlands)
Vertreter: Dr. rer. nat. P. Roßbach, Patentanwalt, Hamburg 1, Mönckebergstr. 7 Representative: Dr. rer. nat. P. Roßbach, patent attorney, Hamburg 1, Mönckebergstr. 7th
Beanspruchte Priorität:
Niederlande vom 29. Oktober 1956Claimed priority:
Netherlands 29 October 1956
Johannes Wilhelmus Antonius Krol, Eindhoven (Niederlande), ist als Erfinder genannt wordenJohannes Wilhelmus Antonius Krol, Eindhoven (Netherlands), has been named as the inventor
wird. Weiter entsteht keine homogene Karbidschicht, wenn sie durch Erhitzung eines Metall-Kohlenstoff-Gemisches gebildet wird. Es zeigt sich, daß die Metallteilchen nur oberflächlich in Karbide umgewandelt werden, während eine nicht feststellbare Karbidbildung des Kernmetalls stattfindet.will. Furthermore, no homogeneous carbide layer is created if it is heated by a metal-carbon mixture is formed. It turns out that the metal particles are only superficially converted into carbides while an undetectable carbide formation of the core metal takes place.
Es ist bereits vorgeschlagen worden, die erwähnten Nachteile dadurch zu vermeiden, daß bei der Herstellung solcher Elektroden mit geringer thermischer Emission, welche Elektroden aus einem Kernmaterial bestehen, auf dem ein Karbid eines hochschmelzenden Metalls angebracht ist, das erhitzt und darauf selbst mit einer Edelmetallschicht überzogen wird, auf dem Kernmaterial der Elektrode eine Karbidschicht einesIt has already been proposed to avoid the disadvantages mentioned in that during manufacture such electrodes with low thermal emission, which electrodes are made of a core material consist on which a carbide of a refractory metal is attached, which heats and on itself is coated with a noble metal layer, a carbide layer is provided on the core material of the electrode
4-5 hochschmelzenden Metalls als solches angebracht wird, welche Karbidschicht durch Erhitzung der Elektrode in einem Ofen in einer neutralen Atmosphäre gesintert wird, jedoch ohne daß einschmelzen der Karbide eintritt, worauf auf der Karbidschicht eine Edelmetailschicht angebracht wird. Die Elektrode kann dann getrocknet und gegebenenfalls im Vakuum erhitzt und entgast werden. Die Temperatur während der Sinterung des Karbids beträgt etwa 1700 bis 2000° C. 4-5 refractory metal is applied as such, which carbide layer is sintered by heating the electrode in a furnace in a neutral atmosphere, but without the carbides melting down, whereupon a noble metal layer is applied to the carbide layer. The electrode can then be dried and, if necessary, heated and degassed in vacuo. The temperature during the sintering of the carbide is around 1700 to 2000 ° C.
809 768/407809 768/407
Claims (2)
Schweizerische Patentschriften Nr. 304 526, 298 665, 298 664, 217 145, 209 022.Considered publications:
Swiss patents No. 304 526, 298 665, 298 664, 217 145, 209 022.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL1051991X | 1956-10-29 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE1051991B true DE1051991B (en) | 1959-03-05 |
Family
ID=19867885
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DEN14252A Pending DE1051991B (en) | 1956-10-29 | 1957-10-26 | Process for producing an electrical discharge tube with at least one electrode with low thermal emission and electrical discharge tubes produced by this process |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE1051991B (en) |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH209022A (en) * | 1937-09-06 | 1940-03-15 | Lorenz C Ag | Process for the production of coatings with high heat radiation capacity and low secondary emission in discharge tubes. |
CH217145A (en) * | 1939-03-18 | 1941-09-30 | Lorenz C Ag | Process for the production of coatings with high heat radiation capacity and low secondary emission in discharge tubes. |
CH298665A (en) * | 1951-02-05 | 1954-05-15 | Philips Nv | Electric discharge tube with at least one grid made of refractory metal. |
CH298664A (en) * | 1951-02-02 | 1954-05-15 | Philips Nv | An electric discharge tube with a tungsten-thorium hot cathode and at least one grid which is provided with a coating which reduces grid emissions. |
CH304526A (en) * | 1951-05-23 | 1955-01-15 | Standard Telephone & Radio Sa | Method of manufacturing a non-emissive electrode. |
-
1957
- 1957-10-26 DE DEN14252A patent/DE1051991B/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH209022A (en) * | 1937-09-06 | 1940-03-15 | Lorenz C Ag | Process for the production of coatings with high heat radiation capacity and low secondary emission in discharge tubes. |
CH217145A (en) * | 1939-03-18 | 1941-09-30 | Lorenz C Ag | Process for the production of coatings with high heat radiation capacity and low secondary emission in discharge tubes. |
CH298664A (en) * | 1951-02-02 | 1954-05-15 | Philips Nv | An electric discharge tube with a tungsten-thorium hot cathode and at least one grid which is provided with a coating which reduces grid emissions. |
CH298665A (en) * | 1951-02-05 | 1954-05-15 | Philips Nv | Electric discharge tube with at least one grid made of refractory metal. |
CH304526A (en) * | 1951-05-23 | 1955-01-15 | Standard Telephone & Radio Sa | Method of manufacturing a non-emissive electrode. |
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