DE102021004822A1 - Method and device for arming a knife ring of a knife ring flaker - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for equipping a knife ring of a knife ring flaker for the comminution of materials, wherein in a first sub-area (37) of the method, knife packs (4) consisting of a clamping plate (6) and a blunt knife (2) are cut by an industrial robot (10). removed from a knife ring (1) and knife packs (5) with a sharp knife (2) are inserted into the knife ring (1), with knife packs (4) becoming a blunt knife (2) and a clamping plate (6) and sharp knives (3) are assembled with a clamping plate (6) to form a set of knives (5) and the blunt knives (2) are sharpened into sharp knives (3) in a third part (39) of the process become. The object of the invention is to create a method and a device in which a high-precision arrangement of the sharp knives (3) or the knife packs (5) in the knife ring and/or a high-speed exchange of the knife packs of a knife ring can be made possible. A device for arming a knife ring is also proposed, which is also able to solve these tasks.

Description

The invention relates to a method for equipping a knife ring of a knife ring flaker for comminuting materials according to the preamble of patent claims 1, 2 or 3.

The invention also relates to a device for equipping a knife ring of a knife ring flaker for comminuting materials according to the preamble of patent claim 19.

For the production of chipboard or OSB boards, for example, wood must be provided in long shavings. For this one uses knife ring flakers, such as those from DE 199 07 415 B4 or DE 10 2015 005 642 A1 are known. In the second disclosure, the knife ring flaker has a vibrating chute as a feeding device for the material to be crushed. Heavy material is then separated by a vertical counter-air flow and the material to be shredded is fed to a central area within the knife ring flaker. The air flow, which is intensified by the rotating rotor blade, presses and crushes the material against the stationary or possibly also rotating knife ring. After the material has passed through the knife ring, the material reaches a discharge chute and is transported further, if necessary by a discharge device, and transferred to a plant for the production of material panels. As a rule, the comminuted material is dried there if necessary, glued and scattered to form a pressed material mat and finally pressed to form a material panel, preferably in a continuously operating press.

Out of DE 197 18 681 A1 , DE 199 00 924 A1 , DE 199 01 887 A1 and DE 10 2015 003 520 B4 sharpening and cleaning devices for knife rings have become known. As a rule, the knives are either removed from the knife ring or shifted and ground on site within the knife ring. These methods and devices have proven themselves in principle, but have the disadvantage that the cycle times are still too long. The wear and tear from and through mobile grinding devices is also not insignificant. After a while, the accuracy of the grinding media that can be moved axially on the knife ring also suffers due to wear. In addition, these devices are designed for a special type of knife ring and generally cannot process knife rings from other manufacturers. This forces an operator of knife ring flakers to either buy from just one manufacturer or to keep several different set-up devices available.

The complex devices from the prior art also have the disadvantage that the entire device has to be shut down for repairs or maintenance and that production itself is endangered in the event of major measures.

With the DE 101 17 480 A1 a method for regrinding a knife ring has become known, in which the knife packs are manually removed from a knife ring and an automated device is provided for dismantling the knife packs consisting of clamping plate and knife, for grinding the knives, for assembling the knife packs and for handing them over to the operator . The blunt and sharp knives can be stored in separate buffer stations. Used knives or clamping plates can be ejected manually. Each clamping plate is reinstalled in the same knife ring.

The object of the present invention is to create a method and a device with which a high-precision, automated installation of sharpened knives is possible and/or a faster change of the knife packs can be achieved.

In an extension of the task, it should be possible to carry out repairs and maintenance on the device or to be able to maintain at least partial or rudimentary operation despite a standstill of a partial area.

In a generic method for equipping a knife ring of a knife ring flaker for comminuting materials,
in a first part of the process, knife packs consisting of a clamping plate and a blunt knife are removed from a knife ring by an industrial robot and knife packs are inserted into the knife ring with a sharp knife,
in a second part of the process, knife packages are dismantled to form a blunt knife and a clamping plate, and sharp knives are mounted with a clamping plate to form a knife package and
the blunt knives are sharpened into sharp knives in a third part of the process.

• - eine Schraubvorrichtung löst die Befestigung des stumpfen Messerpakets,
• - das stumpfe Messerpaket wird durch einen Industrieroboter aus dem Messerring entnommen,
• - der Industrieroboter übergibt das stumpfe Messerpaket an einen Übergabebereich zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Teilbereich
• - der Industrieroboter nimmt ein scharfes Messerpaket auf und positioniert es am Messerring,
• - das scharfe Messerpaket wird mittels der Schraubvorrichtung am Messerring befestigt.

The object of the invention is achieved for the first independent sub-area with the following method steps:

• - a screw device loosens the attachment of the blunt knife pack,
• - the blunt set of knives is removed from the knife ring by an industrial robot,
• - The industrial robot transfers the blunt set of knives to a transfer area between the first and second sections
• - the industrial robot picks up a set of sharp knives and positions them on the knife ring,
• - The sharp knife package is attached to the knife ring using the screw device.

• 2.1 ein stumpfes Messerpaket 4 wird aus einem Übergabebereich zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Teilbereich, bevorzugt einem Lager, entnommen und zu einer Station für die Demontage überführt,
• 2.2 das stumpfe Messerpaket wird in der Station demontiert und in eine Klemmplatte und einem stumpfen Messer aufgeteilt,
• 2.3 die Klemmplatte und das stumpfe Messer werden bevorzugt nebeneinander in einer Reinigungsstation gereinigt,
• 2.4 die Klemmplatte und das stumpfe Messer werden bevorzugt nebeneinander in einem Übergabebereich zwischen dem zweiten und dritten Teilbereich positioniert,
• 2.5 das stumpfe Messer wird durch ein scharfes Messer ausgetauscht,
• 2.6 das scharfe Messer wird mit der Klemmplatte in die Station überführt und dort zu einem scharfen Messerpaket montiert, 2.7 das scharfe Messerpaket wird an den Übergabebereich zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Teilbereich übergeben.

The object of the invention is achieved for the second independent sub-area with the following method steps:

• 2.1 a blunt set of knives 4 is removed from a transfer area between the first and the second partial area, preferably a store, and transferred to a station for dismantling,
• 2.2 the blunt knife package is dismantled in the station and divided into a clamping plate and a blunt knife,
• 2.3 the clamping plate and the blunt knife are preferably cleaned next to each other in a cleaning station,
• 2.4 the clamping plate and the blunt knife are preferably positioned next to each other in a transfer area between the second and third partial area,
• 2.5 the blunt knife is replaced by a sharp knife,
• 2.6 the sharp knife is transferred to the station with the clamping plate and assembled there into a sharp knife pack, 2.7 the sharp knife pack is transferred to the transfer area between the first and second sub-areas.

• 3.1 das stumpfe Messer wird durch einen ersten Greifer an einem Doppelgreifer mittels eines Industrieroboters am Übergabebereich zwischen dem zweiten und dem dritten Teilbereich aufgenommen, 3.2 der Industrieroboter führt einen Positionswechsel der Greifer des Doppelgreifers durch,
• 3.3 ein scharfes Messer am zweiten Greifer wird durch den Industrieroboter in dem Übergabebereich positioniert,
• 3.4 das stumpfe Messer wird am Übergabebereich oder am Greifer in einer Messstation zur Ermittlung des individuellen Abschleifmaß vermessen, bevorzugt von zwei Seiten,
• 3.5 ein scharfes Messer wird aus einer Schleifvorrichtung durch den freien Greifer des Doppelgreifers am Industrieroboter entnommen und das stumpfe Messer am Greifer wird an die Schleifvorrichtung übergeben

The object of the invention is achieved for the third independent sub-area with the following method steps:

• 3.1 the blunt knife is picked up by a first gripper on a double gripper by means of an industrial robot in the transfer area between the second and the third partial area, 3.2 the industrial robot changes the position of the gripper of the double gripper,
• 3.3 a sharp knife on the second gripper is positioned in the transfer area by the industrial robot,
• 3.4 the blunt knife is measured in the transfer area or on the gripper in a measuring station to determine the individual grinding dimension, preferably from two sides,
• 3.5 a sharp knife is taken from a grinding device by the free gripper of the double gripper on the industrial robot and the blunt knife on the gripper is transferred to the grinding device

Alternatively or cumulatively, all blunt knife packs are removed in the first partial area, if necessary at least one knife pack is measured as a measurement reference, and then sharp knife packs are mounted until the knife ring is complete. For continuous processing, it can be advantageous if all knife packs are removed and the sharp knife packs are used again after the last one has been removed. This would make it possible, for example, to clean the knife pack carrier once on the circumference, preferably in a cleaning station which is arranged on the circumference of the knife ring at a distance from the other devices and thus does not directly soil them. A reference measurement is preferably carried out on at least one knife pack in order to determine the knife protrusion for the new knife packs. This reference measurement can be carried out additionally or only with a reference meter.

Alternatively or cumulatively, in the first sub-area, a cleaning device cleans all of the free or shortly before installation of the sharp blade pack the corresponding blade pack carrier.

Alternatively or cumulatively, all, specific or a predetermined wear plate is measured in the first sub-area by a measuring station before assembly of a sharp knife pack with regard to its wear or its thickness, preferably with the help of a zero knife to be introduced.

Alternatively or cumulatively, in the first sub-area and/or in the second sub-area, the sharp blade pack is set with regard to the blade protrusion, in particular with regard to the measurement results of the associated wear plate.

Alternatively or cumulatively, blunt knife packs will be removed in the first sub-area until the first sharp knife pack from the second sub-area is (again) available. Then the knife packs are alternately changed until only the free knife pack carriers are occupied, whereupon the armament per se would be completed.

Alternatively or cumulatively, in the first sub-area when inserting or positioning the knife pack on the knife ring, measure the position of the knife ring and/or the knife pack carrier in the bogie using a measuring station. This can be necessary in order to detect wear on the rings of the knife ring, for example whether the necessary roundness is still given or whether other essential damage or out-of-roundness can be detected. It can also be used to detect whether the knife protrusions are to be set differently on the circumference, usually in certain areas.

Alternatively or cumulatively, a knife ring in the bogie is measured in the first sub-area by means of a measuring station in terms of its dimensions, its positioning and/or parts or their position in the knife ring, in particular the wear plate, the thickness of the wear plate, the knife pack carrier, a zero knife to be introduced and/or or the knives or knife packs are measured.

Alternatively or cumulatively, with a preferred dynamic storage of the sharpened knife packs in the transfer area, their installation location in the knife ring is selected based on their set knife protrusion, in particular with regard to the thickness or geometry of the associated wear plate to form a cutting gap.

Alternatively or cumulatively, the grippers on the industrial robot of the first sub-area will grip the knife pack on the clamping plate and/or the grippers on the industrial robot of the second sub-area will grip the knives on their contour, with the knife packs preferably being held essentially parallel to the surface side on projections of the clamping plate and/or the knives are held essentially perpendicular to the surface side of the gripper.

Alternatively or cumulatively, the three sub-areas continue to work with different cycle times during operation and/or during maintenance and/or at least one sub-area is idle.

Alternatively or cumulatively, the clamping plates in the second sub-area are checked for wear and, if necessary, exchanged for new clamping plates.

Alternatively or cumulatively, the knives and/or the knife packs are stored and kept available in common or separate stores, statically, dynamically or with a paternoster. Paternosters offer the advantage that the transfer or removal location essentially always remains the same. The same then also applies to loading the paternoster. With static storage, the same knives or knife packs are stored everywhere. With dynamic storage, goods are stored and retrieved at different points

Alternatively or cumulatively, information about the type and/or condition of the knife ring is read from a programmable memory on the knife ring before the set-up process and stored there after the set-up process

Alternatively or cumulatively, the corresponding data is transmitted to or from the control of the knife ring flaker or an operatively connected large-scale industrial system control, whereby this data is used in particular to adapt the screwing device, the cleaning device, the rotating device, the supports and/or the double gripper to the incoming knife ring or with it exchange suitable alternatives.

Alternatively or cumulatively, the knife packs or the clamping plates and the knives are held by the grippers in the vicinity of the center of gravity and the knife packs or the clamping plates and the knives in a bearing on the outside, ie on the narrow sides. Removal by a robotic arm is easier when it makes internal contact.

• 18.1 eine Schraubvorrichtung nimmt Kontakt mit den das Messerpaket am Messerring fixierenden Schrauben oder Muttern auf,
• 18.2 die Schraubvorrichtung löst die Schrauben oder Muttern, welche in der Schraubvorrichtung gehalten werden,
• 18.3 das stumpfe Messerpaket wird durch einen ersten Greifer an einem Doppelgreifer mittels eines Industrieroboters aus dem Messerring entnommen,
• 18.4 der Industrieroboter führt einen Positionswechsel der Greifer des Doppelgreifers durch,
• 18.5 ein scharfes Messerpaket am zweiten Greifer wird durch den Industrieroboter in den Messerring positioniert,
• 18.6 das scharfe Messerpaket wird mittels der Schraubvorrichtung am Messerring festgeschraubt,
• 18.7 der Messerring wird um eine vorgegebene Teilumdrehung gedreht und die Verfahrensschritte 18.1 bis 18.7 werden durchgeführt bis alle stumpfen Messerpakete durch scharfe Messerpakete ersetzt sind,

wobei im Zeitraum der Verfahrensschritte 18.6, 18.7, 18.1 und/oder 18.2 der Industrieroboter das stumpfe Messerpaket an einen Übergabebereich als Schnittstelle, bevorzugt ein Lager, übergibt, ein scharfes Messerpaket aus dem Übergabebereich entnimmt und anschließend das nächste stumpfe Messerpaket im Messerring mit dem freien Greifer greift.For the third independent sub-area, the task for a procedure can be carried out in connection with a quick change with the following procedure steps:

• 18.1 a screwing device makes contact with the screws or nuts fixing the knife pack to the knife ring,
• 18.2 the screwing device loosens the screws or nuts which are held in the screwing device,
• 18.3 the blunt set of knives is removed from the knife ring by a first gripper on a double gripper using an industrial robot,
• 18.4 the industrial robot carries out a position change of the grippers of the double gripper,
• 18.5 a sharp set of knives on the second gripper is positioned in the knife ring by the industrial robot,
• 18.6 the sharp knife package is screwed to the knife ring using the screw device,
• 18.7 the knife ring is rotated by a predetermined partial revolution and the method steps 18.1 to 18.7 are carried out until all blunt knife packs are replaced by sharp knife packs,

wherein in the period of method steps 18.6, 18.7, 18.1 and/or 18.2 the industrial robot transfers the blunt set of knives to a transfer area as an interface, preferably a warehouse, removes a sharp set of knives from the transfer area and then removes the next blunt set of knives in the knife ring with the free gripper grabs.

• wobei in dem ersten Teilbereich der Vorrichtung ein Industrieroboter zur Entnahme von Messerpaketen bestehend aus einer Klemmplatte und einem stumpfen Messer aus einem Messerring und zur Einbringung von anderen Messerpaketen mit einem scharfen Messer in den Messerring angeordnet ist, und/oder
• wobei in einem zweiten Teilbereich der Vorrichtung eine Station zur Demontage von Messerpaketen zu einem stumpfen Messer und einer Klemmplatte und eine Station zur Montage von scharfen Messern mit einer Klemmplatte zu einem Messerpaket angeordnet ist und/oder wobei in einem dritten Teilbereich der Vorrichtung eine Schleifvorrichtung für die stumpfen Messer angeordnet ist,

A generic device for equipping a knife ring of a knife ring flaker for comminuting materials has a first, second and/or third sub-area for handling knife packs and/or knives;

• an industrial robot for removing knife packs consisting of a clamping plate and a blunt knife from a knife ring and for introducing other knife packs with a sharp knife into the knife ring is arranged in the first partial area of the device, and/or
• a station for dismantling knife packs to form a blunt knife and a clamping plate and a station for assembling sharp knives with a clamping plate to form a knife pack is arranged in a second sub-area of the device and/or wherein a grinding device for the blunt knife is arranged,

The invention for the device is achieved in that at least one transfer area, preferably a storage area, for knife packs is arranged as the interface between the first and the second partial area and/or a transfer area for the knives is arranged as the interface between the second and the third partial area.

Alternatively or cumulatively, an industrial robot, preferably with a double gripper for the simultaneous transport of two knives, is arranged for handling the knives in the third sub-area.

Alternatively or cumulatively, grippers are arranged on the industrial robot of the first sub-area for picking up the knife pack on the clamping plate and/or on the industrial robot of the second sub-area grippers for picking up the knives via their contour, with the grippers preferably being suitable for the knife packs essentially parallel to the surface side on projections to hold the clamping plate and/or the knives essentially perpendicular to the surface side on the gripper.

Alternatively or cumulatively, a controller is arranged which is suitable for implementing the method or operating the device, in which the three sub-areas (continue to) work with different cycle times and/or during maintenance and/or a standstill of at least one sub-area.

Alternatively or cumulatively, a rotating frame is arranged in the first partial area for rotating the knife ring.

Alternatively or cumulatively, a measuring station for measuring the knife packs, the knife ring, the knife pack carrier and/or the wear plates is arranged in the first partial area.

Alternatively or cumulatively, a measuring station for the clamping plates is arranged in the second partial area and, if necessary, an exchange device for clamping plates.

Alternatively or cumulatively, a screw device, a cleaning device, a rotary device, a support and/or a double gripper of the industrial robot are arranged on the rotary device for the knife ring in the first partial area, which can preferably be adapted for different geometries of a knife ring or can be exchanged with correspondingly adapted parts.

Alternatively or cumulatively, common or separate static, dynamic bearings or paternoster bearings are arranged for the knives and/or the knife packs.

Alternatively or cumulatively, a control device for setting, selecting and/or assembling the sharpened knife packs is arranged at predetermined locations in the knife ring.

Alternatively or cumulatively, means for receiving or transmitting information about the state of the knife ring from a programmable memory on the knife ring, from the control of a knife ring chipper or an operatively connected large-scale industrial plant control are arranged.

Alternatively or cumulatively, the measuring station for measuring the blunt knives is arranged in the area of action of the industrial robot and/or in the second area in operative connection with the transport device in the third area. It is advantageous if a camera is arranged in the measuring station for the measurement.

Alternatively or cumulatively, a storage capacity for sharp knife packs for one, preferably two or more, most preferably for different knife rings is arranged in the first partial area.

Alternatively or cumulatively, a turning station for storing knives is arranged in the third sub-area of the device, preferably in connection with the measuring station for the knives.

According to the invention, grinding or sharpening means two different ways of reconditioning and sharpening a blunt or worn knife. Sharpening devices provide for the restoration of the knife with rotating abrasives and an indefinite edge, sharpening or equivalent sharpening devices perform this service using milling cutters or similar tools with a defined edge. Grinding or sharpening is equated in this context according to the invention. In this case, for large-scale industrial use in the present invention, sharpening for a large number of running meters of cutting edge is preferred to milling.

According to the invention, a grinding or sharpening robot is not only a device with a high degree of automation, which removes the knives from the cutting tool and inserts them again and sharpens them, but also the possibility of using an automated CNC milling machine as a grinding device, in which the blunt knives automatically inserted and the sharpened knives are automatically removed.

A knife ring, cf. also the prior art mentioned, consists as a rule of two support rings which are axially spaced apart from one another and which define the width of the knife ring due to their spacing. In between, the knives or knife packs are arranged coaxially on knife pack carriers so that they can be exchanged, with the knife edge being aligned inwards. In addition to the knife edges, wear plates are arranged on the inside on the circumference, which define the knife protrusion and thus the cutting depth through their flat guide surface compared to the knives, and therefore the chip thickness. Wear also occurs on the wear plates, which must be checked regularly and reground if necessary, especially in the case of one-sided wear across the width. The need for replacement should also be regularly checked and considered, or it should be possible to implement it in terms of control and automation with a separate sub-device (in the first sub-area).

• - der hochgenaue Einbau (auf Zehntel) der Messerpakete in den Messerring, insbesondere auf eine Bezugslinie, bevorzugt gegenüber den Verschleißplatten respektive deren Dicke und/oder
• - der möglichst schnelle Wechsel der Messerpakete, ggfs. mit einer Einschränkung hinsichtlich der Genauigkeit.

Within the scope of the invention, a distinction is made between basic method objectives:

• - The high-precision installation (to tenths) of the knife packs in the knife ring, in particular on a reference line, preferred over the wear plates or their thickness and / or
• - the quickest possible change of the blade packs, possibly with a limitation in terms of accuracy.

The optimal process objective would be achieved if the process is optimized to such an extent that it also enables a high-precision adjustment of the knives or the knife packs in relation to the wear plates with a quick change.

One or more knife ring cleaning devices may be provided. Either the knife ring is cleaned after it has been used in a chipper before or for the removal of the knives or knife packs, so that the manipulation devices (industrial robots, grippers, screwdrivers) can easily contact the individual parts. For high-precision installation of the knife packs on the knife pack carriers, a cleaning device, possibly with a drying device, can be provided after removal of one or all knife packs, which cleans the fixed knife pack carriers before installing a knife pack. Cleaning means the use of pneumatic, hydraulic, mechanical cleaning agents, as well as, if necessary, drying and lubricating parts of the knife ring

The interfaces between the sub-areas can be simple transfer areas or storage (static/dynamic) that take over the necessary machine elements or keep them available for a longer or shorter period of time so that they can get from one sub-area to the other. These interfaces may be physically assigned to a sub-area, but are accessible from both sides of a sub-area for the exchange of machine elements, in this case knives or knife packs.

It can certainly be provided that parts of the automation from the adjacent areas in the transfer area do not put down the knives or knife packs but transfer them directly in order to optimize the cycle times.

For example, it may be possible between the first and second sub-area for the industrial robot from the first sub-area to transfer the blunt knife pack directly to the station for dismantling the knife pack and/or to take it over from the station for assembling the knife pack. On the other hand, it can also be advantageous if the station for dismantling takes over the blade package directly from a transfer area, carries out the dismantling and passes on the blade and the clamping plate. If the assembly station for the clamping package is a device that coincides with the disassembly station, the assembly can station transfers the clamping package directly to the industrial robot or has it picked up by it.

The knife packs or the clamping plates of the knife packs usually have PINS or projections on which a gripper of the industrial robot can engage in a positive and/or non-positive manner for transport. The knives themselves usually have a slot or a groove for variable adjustment of the knife protrusion in relation to the clamping plate. The gripper of the second industrial robot can thus engage a contour, in particular a groove on the knife, in a positive or non-positive manner.

Clamping plates, wear plates and knives usually have four narrow sides, possibly bevelled, and two flat sides.

Measuring stations for the knife ring and/or for determining the position of the knife ring and/or for measuring the wear plates or their thickness can be arranged. To measure the thickness of the wear plates, a zero gauge can be used on each, on one or at a specified distance between the knives (every 3rd, 4th, 5th, ...), with which the current degree of wear or the thickness of the associated wear plate can be measured. The degree of wear or the remaining thickness of the wear plate results in the necessary (to be adjusted) knife protrusion in relation to the clamping plate, which in turn is attached to a fixed position (preferably at the location of the previous or batchwise measurement) on the knife pack carrier in the knife ring.

The wear plate lasts disproportionately long compared to the sharpness of the knife, so that it rarely needs to be replaced. The measuring device can also be suitable for measuring a knife ring or individual parts thereof during a continuous or intermittent 360° rotation and storing the corresponding values and transmitting them to the controller so that the necessary knife packages with the necessary knife projections are either set ad hoc and installed directly or for be made available in good time for installation according to the exchange cycle. For example, a knife ring can be completely freed from the knife packs, optionally the knife pack carriers can be cleaned and then, according to the measurement, the knife pack adjusted accordingly for each knife pack carrier and its associated wear plate can be placed and fixed on the knife pack carrier.

In addition to the advantages of the invention in terms of highly precise installation and/or rapid replacement of the knife packs, it is also advantageous that the decoupling of the three sub-areas by arranged interfaces means that the replacement on the knife ring can be carried out independently of the assembly/disassembly of the knife packs and the independent sharpening process can.

• Nach einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel des ersten Teilbereichs:
  • Alle Messerpakete werden entfernt. Ggfs. werden vereinzelte, alle oder ein Messerpaket vorläufig belassen und als Messreferenz benutzt bzw. ausgemessen. Anschließend werden alle Messerpakete geschärft wieder verbaut.

In summary, there are different procedural methods that can be considered and implemented completely independently of one another, as to how the knife packs could be removed and installed in the first sub-area:

• According to a first exemplary embodiment of the first sub-area:
  • All knife packs are removed. possibly isolated, all or one knife pack are temporarily left and used as a measurement reference or measured. Then all blade sets are sharpened and installed again.

In between, all of the knife pack carriers can then be cleaned and/or the wearing plates can be measured, preferably with the help of a zero knife to be introduced.

The fresh knife packs can be set uniformly with regard to the knife protrusion or, in relation to the measurement results, can be tailored to the associated wear plate for one or specific positions in the knife ring. A control device must be used to ensure that the correct blade packs are set, provided and installed.

• Für eine höhere Geschwindigkeit des Systems mag es sinnvoll sein direkt nach dem Ausbau des Messerpakets ein frisches Messerpaket, bevorzugt direkt für diesen Ort ausgemessen und/oder eingestellt, einzusetzen. Hierbei werden die optionalen Zwischenschritte Reinigung oder Ausmessen der Dicke der zugehörigen Verschleißplatte direkt zwischen der Entnahme oder der Einbringung des Messerpaktes durchgeführt oder weggelassen, wenn nicht zwingend nötig.
• Die Einstellung des Messerpaketes bzw. des Messervorstandes gegenüber der Klemmplatten kann dabei im ersten oder zweiten Teilbereich erfolgen.

In a further exemplary embodiment of the first sub-area:

• For a higher speed of the system, it may make sense to use a fresh knife pack, preferably measured and/or adjusted directly for this location, immediately after removing the knife pack. Here, the optional intermediate steps of cleaning or measuring the thickness of the associated wear plate are carried out directly between the removal or insertion of the knife package or omitted if not absolutely necessary.
• The setting of the blade pack or the blade protrusion in relation to the clamping plates can take place in the first or second partial area.

• In einer dritten Variante können solange stumpfe Messerpakete ausgebaut werden, bis das erste Messerpaket mit einem frisch geschärften Messer wieder in den ersten Teilbereich gelangt, wobei anschließend wechselweise gewechselt wird, bis am Ende nur noch die bislang freien Messerpaketträger besetzt werden müssen. Theoretisch könnte das nach 3 bis 8 ausgebauten Messerpaketen umgesetzt werden. Solange könnte es dauern bis das erste Messerpaket respektive das zugehörige Messer die Teilbereiche zwei und drei durchlaufen hat und geschärft zurückkehrt. Die Ausmessung, Reinigung und Einstellung kann entsprechend vorrauschauend oder direkt nach Bedarf ausgeführt werden, dies wird durch das Lastenheft, beinhaltend Genauigkeit und Schnelligkeit für die Rüstung des Messerringes, bedingt.

In a third embodiment of the first sub-area:

• In a third variant, blunt blade packs can be removed until the first blade pack is replaced with a fresh Sharpened knife returns to the first sub-area, which is then alternately changed until at the end only the previously free knife pack carriers have to be occupied. Theoretically, this could be implemented after 3 to 8 blade packages have been removed. That's how long it could take for the first set of knives or the associated knife to pass through sections two and three and return sharpened. The measurement, cleaning and adjustment can be carried out accordingly in advance or directly as required, this is conditioned by the specifications, including accuracy and speed for the set-up of the knife ring.

Measuring with a zero gauge has the advantage of a faster measurement and/or an accurate and simple recording of the thickness of the wear plate along its length. If it is recognized along the associated cutting edge of the zero knife that, for example, the wear plate opposite the cutting edge of the zero knife is worn on one side, the associated knife can also be fixed on one side or crookedly in the clamping plate, so that a cutting gap is uniform over the length of the cutting edge again arises.

A zero knife is understood to be a knife or a set of knives that corresponds to a new, unused knife. With a simple scan, the (residual) thickness of the wear plate can be recorded directly or indirectly, depending on the measuring method. The zero knife is thus preferably inserted into the knife ring by the industrial robot and the thickness of the wear plate is then (directly or indirectly) measured, which together with the zero knife forms the cutting gap. Alternatively, the existing cutting gap can be measured directly or indirectly. In relation to the zero blade, which is arranged in a predetermined position in relation to the blade assembly holder, preferably the position in the original state, a cutting gap is thus produced. If the measured or determined cutting gap deviates from a specified cutting gap, the knife protrusion in the clamping pack must be adjusted accordingly so that the clamping pack has the necessary or specified cutting gap after assembly with the cutting edge of the knife and the associated wear plate.

In the first sub-area in particular, it can be useful and advantageous in terms of your own invention to use a triple or quadruple gripper on the industrial robot instead of a double gripper.

For example, measuring devices or the zero knife can be permanently installed on the first industrial robot and brought into engagement with the knife ring accordingly, in particular in order to optimize the measuring cycle for the individual adjustment of the knife packs.

The double gripper is designed in such a way that during a rotation of 180° it holds the zero knife or knife pack on a first gripper and picks up or releases a knife pack with the other gripper. A triple or quadruple gripper is not to be understood in such a way that a gripper is arranged every 90° along the axis of rotation , so that preferably still only a 180 ° is necessary to change the gripper or a folding movement is exercised.

In this context, it can also be provided that an adjusting device for the blade protrusion is provided in the blade assembly in the first partial area. This can particularly preferably be arranged, for example, on or near the rotary frame and, for example, while the zero knife is placed in the knife ring for measurement, the adjustment of the knife protrusion can be carried out on another gripper of the triple or multiple gripper in accordance with the measurement that has been carried out. Of course, the industrial robot can also swivel to this setting device after the measurement, preferably it has already positioned a sharp knife pack on one of the grippers during the measurement.

Further advantageous measures and configurations of the subject matter of the invention emerge from the dependent claims and the following description with the drawings.

The following descriptions are not to be regarded as individual solutions, but also contain general information and solutions to tasks. Individual sentences are to be seen as individual characteristics.

In particular, different exemplary embodiments are to be regarded as separate ways and means of implementing the invention.

• 1 eine schematische Ansicht auf eine Vorrichtung zur automatisierten Wartung bzw. die Schärfung der Messer aus einem Messerring eines Messerringzerspaners,
• 2 eine Seitenansicht auf einen Universaltransportwagen für Messerringe und einem darin gelagerten Messerring,
• 3 eine schematische Seitenansicht eines Teiles des ersten Moduls zur Entnahme von Messerpaketen aus einem Messerring mit zugehörigen Vorrichtungen für die taktweise Rotation, die Reinigung, einen Teil eines Industrieroboters und Automatik-Schraubers,
• 4 eine schematische Ansicht des Doppelgreifers für die Messerpakete oder die Messer von zwei Seiten und
• 5 eine schematische Ansicht eines in einem Messerring verbauten Messerpakets mit einem Messer, welches mit einer zugehörigen beabstandeten Verschleißplatte einen Schneidspalt bilden.

Show it:

• 1 a schematic view of a device for automated maintenance or the sharpening of the knives from a knife ring of a knife ring flaker,
• 2 a side view of a universal transport carriage for knife rings and a knife ring stored therein,
• 3 a schematic side view of part of the first module for removing knife packs from a knife ring with associated devices for cyclic rotation, cleaning, part of an industrial robot and automatic screwdriver,
• 4 a schematic view of the double gripper for the knife packs or knives from two sides and
• 5 a schematic view of a knife assembly installed in a knife ring with a knife which forms a cutting gap with an associated spaced-apart wear plate.

1 shows a schematic view from above of a device 14 for the automated maintenance or replacement of the knives 2, 3 or their sharpening for a knife ring 1 of a knife ring flaker (not shown). The device 14 is divided into three different sections 37, 38, 39, which can work effectively independently of one another.

In the first subregion 37 , an industrial robot 10 removes knife packs 4 consisting of a clamping plate 6 and a blunt knife 2 from a knife ring 1 and inserts other knife packs 5 with a sharp knife 2 into the knife ring 1 .

In a second partial area 38, the blade packs 4 are dismantled to form a blunt blade 2 and a clamping plate 6, and sharp blades 3 are mounted with a clamping plate 6 to form a blade pack 5.

In the third partial area 39, the blunt knives 2 are optionally measured and sharpened to become sharp knives 3.

Interfaces are arranged between the three sub-areas 37, 38, 39, which serve as transfer points and, if necessary, buffer storage, so that the sub-areas 37, 38, 39 can carry out their activities independently of one another in cycles. It is thus advantageously possible to clock some sub-areas 37, 38, 39 faster than others.

Accordingly, a rotating frame 11 for a knife ring 1 is arranged in the first partial area 37 . This bogie 11 is loaded with knife rings 1 by a universal carriage 27 or the knife rings 1 are transported away again after they have been set up, ie after installation of sharpened knives, cf. 2 . The goal here can be an automated warehouse or the direct production of shredded materials, i.e. a knife ring flaker. The universal carriage 27 has supports 28 which are preferably suitable for receiving and fixing geometrically different knife rings 1 .

The universal car 27 follows 1 or 3 into a free area of the bogie 11 and the knife ring 1 are lifted off the universal carriage 27 by supports 16 on the bogie 11 and rotatably mounted in the bogie 11 . A rotary device 15 is arranged on the bogie 11 for intermittent or continuous drive. Alternatively, a crane or forklift can be used instead of a universal trolley.

In an independent exemplary embodiment of the device, a revolving head 18 is arranged coaxially and on both sides of the knife ring 1, which, after determining the type of knife ring 1, provides the corresponding supports 16 for the engagement. If necessary, means for lifting the supports 16 or the turret turret 16 in order to take over the knife ring 1 from the universal carriage 27 are not shown.

Only the same knife rings 1 can be provided. Alternatively, the bogie 11 or the device 14 is specified as to which type of knife ring 1 is to be processed, and the device 14 or the corresponding partial areas 37, 38, 39 will adapt accordingly. This is necessary in particular because different knife rings 1 may have a different number of knives on the circumference, so the angle of rotation of the rotary device 15 must also be adjusted accordingly. Other devices on the rotary frame 11 may also have to be adjusted accordingly, for example a cleaning device 13, the screwing device 12 for the knife packs 4, 5 or the selection of the supports 16. For different widths of the knife rings 1, adjusting drives or corresponding devices can be provided which adapt or are interchangeable as with the supports. For example, the cleaning device can also be arranged so that it can be adjusted linearly and coaxially to the knife ring 1 in order to be able to cover different widths of the knife ring 1 .

At least one measuring station 17 is arranged on the circumference of the knife ring, in particular for measuring the position of the knife ring 1 on the support before or during the exchange of the knife packs 4, 5. Knife rings can deform due to their own weight or are regularly subject to small differences in production. So that when a sharp blade pack 5 or blade 3 is introduced, the positioning is carried out according to the specifications or needs, for example depending on the thickness of the wear plates 40, ver Different areas of the knife ring, preferably the wear plate 40, are measured, very preferably compared to a zero knife or the current knife pack. The measuring station can also be suitable for measuring a knife ring temporarily stored on the transport carriage via a linear drive, so that the corresponding parameters can be set on the bogie or generally in the three areas as feedback. For example, the knife width can be different, the circumference, the number of knives on the circumference, etc.

At least one cleaning device 13 is provided for cleaning parts of the knife ring 1 . In a first embodiment, a type of basic cleaning can be carried out on the knife ring 1, in which the blunt knife packs 4 are guided past the cleaning device 13 and at least the rear sides (outer circumference) are screwed with the nuts or screw heads that hold the knife pack 4 on the knife ring 1 or on a Fasten knife pack carrier 42, are cleaned. During a special cleaning, the knife pack carriers 42 themselves are cleaned by a cleaning device 13 after the knife packs 4 have been removed, before the knife packs 5 are inserted.

The cleaning can be carried out once continuously along the 360° or is carried out intermittently.

In 5 is a schematic view of a blade assembly 4, 5 installed in a blade ring 1 with a spaced-apart wear plate 40 associated with it on the right-hand side, which forms the cutting gap 41 together with the blade 2, 3. A wood chip or the material to be reduced is pressed against the wearing plate 40 by centrifugal forces or an air flow, then enters the cutting gap 41 and is cut there by the blade 2, 3, which is fixed by the clamping plate 6 and attached as a blade assembly 4, 5 is screwed to the knife pack carrier 42. The clamping plate 6 has a bevel in the direction of the cutting edge of the knife 2, 3, so that the material to be cut can pass by without being blocked as much as possible.

In the following, various different and independent possibilities in terms of process engineering are discussed.

In a first possibility, it can be useful from a cleaning point of view to remove all blade packs 4 and to clean all blade pack carriers 42 once in a run.

For a higher speed according to a second possibility of the system, however, it may make sense to use the fresh knife packet 5 directly after removing the knife packet 4, then cleaning is preferably carried out in an intermediate step.

In a third variant, blade packs 4 can be removed until the first blade pack 5 with a freshly sharpened blade 3 “returns” to the partial area 37, with a subsequent changeover. Theoretically, this could be implemented after 3 to 8 knife packs 4 have been removed, that is how long it could take for the first knife pack or the associated knife to have passed through the partial areas 38 and 39 and returned sharpened.

• Ein automatisierte Schraubvorrichtung 12 wird nach dem Stillstand des Messerringes an die Schrauben oder die Muttern verfahren und wird diese lösen. Dabei werden die gelösten Schrauben oder die Muttern an der Schraubvorrichtung 12 gehalten. Ein freier Greifer 8, 9 des Industrieroboters 10 hat in der Regel bereits Kontakt mit dem Messerpaket 4 mit einem stumpfen Messer 2 aufgenommen und wird nachdem die Schraubvorrichtung 12 ihre Tätigkeit beendet hat das Messerpaket 4 aus dem Messerring 1 entnehmen.

A preferred variant, a quick change, is discussed below, which could proceed as follows:

• After the knife ring has come to a standstill, an automated screwing device 12 is moved to the screws or nuts and loosens them. The loosened screws or nuts are held on the screwing device 12 . A free gripper 8, 9 of the industrial robot 10 has usually already made contact with the knife pack 4 with a blunt knife 2 and will remove the knife pack 4 from the knife ring 1 after the screwing device 12 has finished its work.

A double gripper 7, which has two grippers 8, 9, is preferably located on the industrial robot 10. While the blunt set of knives 4 has been picked up by the free gripper 8 , a sharp set of knives 5 should already be present on the other gripper 9 . The double gripper 7 will preferably carry out a position change 19 along an axis of rotation and position the sharp knife pack 5 in the knife ring 1 after it has now come close to the screwing device 12, cf. 4 . Then the screwing device 12 tightens the screws or nuts on the new knife pack 5, disengages it and the rotating device 15 can cycle to the next knife pack 4 with a blunt knife 2.

During this, the industrial robot 10 can transfer the blunt set of knives 4 to a store 20 and pick up one on the gripper 8 or 9 from the same store or another store 21 for sharp sets of knives 5 . During this time, the rotational movement of the knife ring 1 should be completed and the screwing device 12 had the necessary time to gently engage with the screws or nuts and loosen them accordingly. To improve the cycle time it can also be provided that the screwing device 12 fixes the blade assembly 4 or 5 during takes over the screwing process until the gripper 8 or 9 of the industrial robot 10 is on site. If the knife ring 1 is completely equipped with fresh knife packs 5 , it can be transported away by the universal carriage 27 . During the set-up time of the turning device 11, the device can be operated independently in the second and third partial area 38, 39.

Another preferred variant, a highly accurate and precise installation of the blade packs, is discussed below; this could proceed as follows: After removing all, individual or just one blunt blade assembly 4, the thickness of the wearing plate 40 is measured, preferably from within the blade ring 1, by means of the measuring station 17. In this case, a number of measuring points are preferably carried out along the cutting gap 41 . The thickness can be measured and calculated directly or indirectly using other reference lines on the knife ring 1 . In a preferred embodiment, however, a zero knife, most preferably with a standardized setting, for example an unused knife, optionally with auxiliary markings for the measuring station 17, is introduced into the knife ring 1 at a specific position. The thickness of the wear plate 40 or the cutting gap 43 can thus be measured directly or indirectly. Based on the measurement results, the sharp knife 3 is set accordingly in the second partial area 38 or in the first partial area 37 during assembly or in the knife pack 5 and inserted in the knife ring 1 by the industrial robot 10 instead of the zero knife and by the screwing device there on the knife ring 1 or the knife pack carrier 42 screwed tight. Depending on the specifications, however, it is not necessary to measure every thickness of the wear plate for the associated knife 3, but a measurement can also be taken empirically for every 3, 5, 7 knife pack carrier or wear plate 40.

However, the special feature of the high level of accuracy is that the knife projection or the knife packet 5 is set individually for each knife packet carrier 42 or wear plate 40 .

• Im zweiten Teilbereich 38 werden die Messerpakete 4 aus dem Übergabebereich 44, bevorzugt einem Lager 20 während dem Bestücken des Messerringes 1 durch den Industrieroboter oder während der Rüstzeit mit einem weiteren Messerring 1 entnommen. Hierzu kann eine Verschiebevorrichtung oder ein Linearschieber 26 vorgesehen sein. Dieser verbringt das Messerpaket 4 auf eine Transportvorrichtung 22, welche das Messerpaket 4 an eine Station 23 zur Demontage des Messerpakets übergibt.

An exemplary embodiment is described below for the second partial area 38:

• In the second sub-area 38, the knife packs 4 are removed from the transfer area 44, preferably a store 20, while the knife ring 1 is being loaded by the industrial robot or during the set-up time with another knife ring 1. A displacement device or a linear slide 26 can be provided for this purpose. This spends the knife pack 4 on a transport device 22, which transfers the knife pack 4 to a station 23 for dismantling the knife pack.

This can also be done in such a way that the station 23 takes over the knife pack 4 from the transfer area 44 for dismantling or dismantles it immediately when the shifting work and the assembly/dismantling are carried out in a station 23 . In the station 23, the clamping plate 6 is detached from the blunt knife 2 by means of suitable means, for example a screw device (not shown) and placed side by side, preferably in the longitudinal direction parallel to the transport direction 22. Subsequently, the separated clamping plate 6 and the blunt blade 2 are moved through the cleaning station 24, which carries out a cleaning process, for example by means of rotating brushes. Finally, the cleaned parts reach the transfer area 25 as an interface to sub-area 39. If sub-area 39 is not in operation, sub-area 38 can alternatively have its own storage facility, to which the parts are transferred for temporary buffering. Two different bearings are particularly preferred. This is symbolized by comparatively thin lines analogous to the camps 35, 36 from subarea 39. Alternatively, it can also be forwarded directly to the camp there. Corresponding sharp knives 3 are output from these stores, which are transported again on the way back in the partial area 38 along the transport device 22 in the direction of the store 21 for the sharp knife packs 5 . During the return run, for example, the sharp knives 3 and the clamping plate 6 are oiled, but at least mounted or married again in the station 23 for the assembly of the sharp knives 3 with the clamping plate 6 to form a knife pack 5 . At the height of the bearing 21, a linear slide 29 is again provided, which moves the knife pack 5 from the transport device 22 into the transfer area 44, or the bearing 21.

Incidentally, the bearings 20, 21, 35, 36 can be static or dynamic, but are preferably designed as paternoster bearings. Dynamic stores have the advantage that they can preferably store different knife packs with regard to the knife protrusion or the width and the control device controls the store and/or the industrial robot 10 to remove the correct knife pack as required.

• In diesem Teilbereich 39, ebenfalls eigenständig betreibbar in der Vorrichtung 14 angeordnet, ist ein Industrieroboter 30 für den Transport der Messer 2, 3 angeordnet. Dabei ist in einem eigenen und besonderen Ausführungsbeispiel für eine hohe Taktfrequenz wieder ein Doppelgreifer 7 vorgesehen, der zwei Greifer 8 und 9, geeignet zur Aufnahme der Messer 2, 3, aufweist.

Finally, an exemplary embodiment is described for the third subarea 39:

• An industrial robot 30 for transporting the knives 2, 3 is arranged in this partial area 39, also arranged in the device 14 so that it can be operated independently. It is in a separate and special embodiment for a high clock frequency again a double gripper 7 is provided, which has two grippers 8 and 9, suitable for receiving the knives 2, 3.

In the transfer area, similar to sub-area 1, the industrial robot 30 is already holding a sharp knife 3 on the gripper 8, 9 when picking up a blunt knife 2. After picking up, the double gripper 7 only has to change position 31 , preferably a rotation, in order to deposit the sharp knife 3 in the transfer area 25 , the interface between the two partial areas 38 and 39 .

Furthermore, bearings 35, 36 can be equipped with the knives 2, 3 by the industrial robot 30 or they can be removed from there. Typically for minor parts replacement or buffering when the adjacent area 38 is not receptive.

In the course of treating the knives 2, 3, the industrial robot 30 will present the blunt knife 2 to a measuring station 32, which will preferably subject the knife 2 to a cut edge measurement or a camera examination. The corresponding measured value is used to determine the maximum amount of material removed from the knife 2 before it is transferred to the grinding device 34 for grinding or sharpening by the industrial robot 30 .

It is preferably provided here that a sharp knife 3 is removed from the grinding device 34 by the double gripper 7 and then or at the same time a blunt knife 2 is transferred to the grinding device 34 . Thus, the usual sequence of rotations in the partial area 39 for the industrial robot would always be counterclockwise, with preferably no rotary movement being carried out without a knife on the double gripper 7 .

A measurement with a camera in the measurement station 32 has the advantage of a fast type of measurement. Either two cameras are arranged or a turning station 33 can be provided, where the gripper 8, 9 briefly puts down the knife 2 in order to change grip. For the sake of clarity, the turning area 33 is shown at a distance from the measuring station 32; it is preferably within reach of or in front of the measuring station 32. This is necessary if the knife is to be sharpened.

When sharpening the knife, for example with an industrial cutter, it is sufficient to measure the knife from one side only. The measurement can also be carried out in the milling device or during input by the industrial robot.

Provision can also be made for the knife 2 to use the turning station 33 as a static resting place for more precise measurement of the industrial robot, in order to avoid the influence of vibrations caused by the drive or mass oscillations of the industrial robot 30 . With today's high-quality designs for industrial robots, however, this can simply hold the knife in the measuring area of the measuring device or in the camera.

In a further separate exemplary embodiment, it is highly preferable for the double gripper 7 and the associated interfaces 25, 44 between the corresponding partial areas 39, 38, 37 to be suitable for taking over the knives 2, 3 or the knife packs 4, 5 at the same time or almost at the same time or to give up in order to further improve the cycle time. The change in position 19, 31 can also only be a slight displacement or angular alignment of the double gripper, for example if the distance between the grippers 8, 9 on the double gripper corresponds exactly or essentially to the distance between the corresponding sharp or blunt parts.

In the first partial area 37 in particular, it can be useful to use a triple or quadruple gripper. For example, measuring devices or the zero knife can be permanently installed on the first industrial robot 10 and correspondingly brought into engagement with the knife ring.

Reference List

1

knife ring

2

knife blunt

3

knife sharp

4

Blade package blunt

5

Knife pack sharp

6

clamp plate

7

double gripper

8th

gripper 1

9

gripper 2

10

Industrial robot for 37

11

bogie for 1

12

screw device

13

cleaning device for 4

14

contraption

15

rotating device

16

Support for 1 in 11

17

Measuring station for 1 in 11

18

Turret turret for 16

19

change of position

20

camp for 4

21

camp for 5

22

transport device

23

Station for disassembly/assembly

24

Cleaning station for 2/6

25

Transfer area (38/39)

26

Linear slide for 4

27

Universal trolley for 1

28

Support for 1 in 27

29

Linear slide for 5

30

Industrial robot for 39

31

change of position

32

Measuring station for 2

33

turning place

34

grinding device

35

camp for 2

36

camp for 3

37

Section 1

38

Section 2

39

Section 3

40

wear plate

41

cutting gap

42

knife pack carrier

43

Surface side 2/3

44

Transfer area (37/38)

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• DE 19907415 B4 [0003]
• DE 102015005642 A1 [0003]
• DE 19718681 A1 [0004]
• DE 19900924 A1 [0004]
• DE 19901887 A1 [0004]
• DE 102015003520 B4 [0004]
• DE 10117480 A1 [0006]

Claims (31)

Method for equipping a knife ring of a knife ring flaker for comminuting materials, wherein in a first partial area (37) of the method, an industrial robot (10) cuts knife packs (4) consisting of a clamping plate (6) and a blunt knife (2) from a knife ring ( 1) is removed and knife packs (5) are inserted into the knife ring (1) with a sharp knife (2), with knife packs (4) being formed into a blunt knife (2) and a clamping plate (6 ) dismantled and sharp knives (3) are assembled with a clamping plate (6) to form a knife pack (5) and the blunt knives (2) are sharpened to sharp knives (3) in a third sub-area (39) of the method, characterized by the following process steps in the first section (37): - a screwing device (12) solves the attachment of the blunt blade assembly (4), - the blunt blade assembly (4) by an industrial robot (10) from the measuring erring (1) removed, - the industrial robot (10) transfers the blunt set of knives (4) to a transfer area (44) between the first and second partial area (37, 38), - the industrial robot (10) takes a sharp set of knives (5) and positions it on the knife ring (1), - the sharp set of knives (5) is fastened to the knife ring (1) using the screw device (12). Method for equipping a knife ring of a knife ring flaker for comminuting materials, wherein in a first partial area (37) of the method, an industrial robot (10) cuts knife packs (4) consisting of a clamping plate (6) and a blunt knife (2) from a knife ring ( 1) is removed and other knife packs (5) are inserted into the knife ring (1) with a sharp knife (2), with knife packs (4) becoming a blunt knife (2) and a clamping plate ( 6) dismantled and sharp knives (3) are assembled with a clamping plate (6) to form a set of knives (5) and the blunt knives (2) are sharpened into sharp knives (3) in a third sub-area (39) of the method through the following process steps in the second section (38): 2.1 a blunt set of knives (4) is transferred from a transfer area (44) between the first and the second section (37, 38), preferably a bearing (5, 6), removed and transferred to a station (23) for disassembly, 2.2 the blunt set of knives (4) is dismantled in the station (23) and divided into a clamping plate (6) and a blunt knife (2), 2.3 the clamping plate (6) and the blunt knife (2) are preferably cleaned next to each other in a cleaning station (24), 2.4 the clamping plate (6) and the blunt knife (2) are preferably cleaned next to each other in a transfer area (25) between the second and third sub-areas (38, 39 ) positioned, 2.5 the blunt knife (2) is exchanged for a sharp knife (3), 2.6 the sharp knife (3) is transferred with the clamping plate (6) to the station (23) and there to a sharp knife pack (5) mounted, 2.7 the sharp blade assembly (5) is transferred to the transfer area (25) between the first and second sub-area (37, 38). Method for equipping a knife ring of a knife ring flaker for comminuting materials, wherein in a first partial area (37) of the method, an industrial robot (10) cuts knife packs (4) consisting of a clamping plate (6) and a blunt knife (2) from a knife ring ( 1) is removed and other knife packs (5) are inserted into the knife ring (1) with a sharp knife (2), with knife packs (4) becoming a blunt knife (2) and a clamping plate ( 6) disassembled and sharp knives (3) are assembled with a clamping plate (6) to form a knife pack (5) and the blunt knives (2) are sharpened to sharp knives (3) in a third sub-area (39) of the method, thereby characterized in that in the third part (39) of the process, the following process steps are implemented: 3.1 the blunt knife (2) by a first gripper (8, 9) on a double gripper (7) by means of an Indu industrial robot (30) in the transfer area (25) between the second and the third partial area (38, 39), 3.2 the industrial robot (30) changes the position (19) of the grippers (8, 9) of the double gripper (7), 3.3 a sharp knife (3) on the second gripper (8, 9) is positioned in the transfer area (25) by the industrial robot (30), 3.4 the blunt knife (2) is positioned on the transfer area (25) or on the gripper (8, 9) measured in a measuring station (32) to determine the individual degree of abrasion, preferably from two sides, 3.5 a sharp knife (3) is removed from a grinding device (34) by the free gripper (8, 9) of the Double gripper (7) removed from the industrial robot and the blunt knife (2) on the gripper (8, 9) is transferred to the grinding device (34). Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the first partial area (37) all blunt blade assemblies (4) are removed, if necessary at least one blade assembly (4) is measured as a measurement reference, and then until the blade ring (1 ) sharp knife packs (5) are mounted. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the first partial area (37) a cleaning device (13) cleans all free or shortly before installation of the sharp knife pack (5) the corresponding knife pack carrier (42). Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the first sub-area (37) a measuring station (17) measures all, specific or a predetermined wear plate (37) with regard to their wear or their thickness before assembly of a sharp knife pack (5). preferably with the help of a zero meter to be brought in. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the first sub-area (37) and/or in the second sub-area (38) the sharp knife pack (5) is adjusted with regard to the knife protrusion, in particular with regard to the measurement results of the associated wear plate ( 42). Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that blunt knife packs (4) are removed in the first partial area (37) until the first sharp knife pack (5) from the second partial area (38) is available and then the knife packs (4, 5) are alternately changed until only the free knife pack carriers (42) are occupied. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the first partial area (37) when inserting or positioning the knife pack (5) on the knife ring (1), the position of the knife ring (1) and/or the knife pack carrier (42) in the rotary frame (11) is measured by a measuring station (17). Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the first partial area (37) a knife ring (1) in the bogie (11) by means of a measuring station (17) in terms of its dimensions, its positioning and/or parts or their position in the Knife ring (1) is measured, in particular the wear plate (40), the thickness of the wear plate (40), the knife pack carrier (42), a zero knife to be inserted and/or the knives (2, 3) or the knife packs (4, 5) be measured. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the case of preferably dynamic storage of the sharpened blade packs (5) in the transfer area, their installation location in the blade ring (1) is selected on the basis of their set blade protrusion, in particular with regard to the thickness or geometry of the associated Wear plate (40) to form a cutting gap (41). Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grippers (8, 9) on the industrial robot (10) of the first partial area (37) grip the blade assembly (4, 5) on the clamping plate and/or the grippers (8, 9) on the industrial robot (30) of the second sub-area (39), grip the knives (2, 3) by their contour, with the knife packs (4, 5) preferably being held essentially parallel to the surface side on projections of the clamping plate (6) and/or the Knives (2, 3) are held essentially perpendicularly to the surface side on the gripper (8, 9). Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that during operation the three sub-areas (37, 38, 39) with different cycle times and/or during maintenance and/or a standstill of at least one sub-area (37, 38, 39) keep working. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the clamping plates (6) in the second partial area (38) are checked for wear and, if necessary, exchanged for new clamping plates (6). Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the knife (2, 3) and / or the knife packages (4, 5) in common or separate bearings (20, 21, 35, 36) statically, dynamically or with a Paternoster are stored and kept available. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that information about the type and/or condition of the knife ring (1) is read from a programmable memory on the knife ring (1) before the set-up process and stored there after the set-up process and/or the corresponding Data are transmitted to or from the control of the knife ring flakers or an operatively connected large-scale industrial plant control, these In particular, the screwing device (12), the cleaning device (13), the rotating device (15), the support (16) and/or the double gripper (7) are to be adapted to the incoming knife ring (1) or exchanged with suitable alternatives. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the knife packs (4, 5) or the clamping plates (6) and the knives (2, 3) by the grippers (8, 9) in the vicinity of the center of gravity and the knife packs (4, 5) or the clamping plates (6) and the knives (2, 3) are held in a bearing (20, 21, 35, 36) on the outside, i.e. on the narrow sides. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the following method steps are carried out in the first partial area (37) of the method: 18.1 a screwing device (12) makes contact with the screws fixing the blade assembly (4) on the blade ring (1) or nuts, 18.2 the screwing device (12) loosens the screws or nuts which are held in the screwing device, 18.3 the blunt set of knives (4) is gripped by a first gripper (8, 9) on a double gripper (7) by means of an industrial robot (10 ) removed from the knife ring (1), 18.4 the industrial robot (10) changes the position (19) of the grippers (8, 9) of the double gripper (7), 18.5 a sharp set of knives (5) on the second gripper (8, 9) is positioned in the knife ring (10) by the industrial robot (10), 18.6 the sharp knife pack (5) is screwed to the knife ring (1) using the screw device (12), 18.7 the knife ring (1) is rotated by e rotated a predetermined partial revolution and method steps 18.1 to 18.7 are carried out until all blunt blade assemblies (4) are replaced by sharp blade assemblies (5), with the industrial robot (10) removing the blunt blade assembly in the period of method steps 18.6, 18.7, 18.1 and/or 18.2 (4) transfers to a transfer area as an interface (44), preferably a warehouse (4, 5), removes a sharp knife pack (5) from the transfer area (44) and then the next blunt knife pack (4) in the knife ring (1) with the free gripper (8, 9) engages. Device for equipping a knife ring of a knife ring flaker for comminuting materials, with a first, second and/or third partial area (37, 38, 39) for handling knife packs (4, 5) and/or knives (2, 3), wherein in the first section (37) of the device (14) an industrial robot (10) for removing knife packs (4) consisting of a clamping plate (6) and a blunt knife (2) from a knife ring (1) and for introducing other knife packs ( 5) is arranged with a sharp knife (2) in the knife ring (1), and/or wherein a station (23) for disassembling knife packs (4) into a blunt knife is located in a second partial area (38) of the device (14). (2) and a clamping plate (6) and a station (23) for assembling sharp knives (3) with a clamping plate (6) to form a knife pack (5) and/or in a third sub-area (39) of the device (14) a grinding device (34) for the blunt knives (2) ang is arranged, characterized in that at least one transfer area (44), preferably a store (20, 21), for knife packs (4, 5) and/or as an interface between a transfer area (25) for the knives (2, 3) is arranged in the second and the third partial area (38, 39). Device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that for handling the knives (2, 3) in the third partial area (39), an industrial robot (30), preferably with a double gripper (7) for the simultaneous transport of two knives (2, 3), is arranged. Device according to one or more of the preceding device claims, characterized in that on the industrial robot (10) of the first partial area (37) there are grippers (8, 9) for receiving the blade pack (4, 5) on the clamping plate (6) and/or on the industrial robot (30) of the second partial area (39) grippers (8, 9) for receiving the knives (2, 3) are arranged over their contour, with the grippers (8, 9) preferably being suitable essentially for the knife packs (4, 5). to be held parallel to the surface side on projections of the clamping plate (6) and/or the knives (2, 3) essentially perpendicular to the surface side on the gripper (8, 9). Device according to one or more of the preceding device claims, characterized in that a control is arranged, which is suitable for implementing the method or operation of the device, in which the three sub-areas (37, 38, 39) with different cycle times and / or during maintenance and/or a standstill of at least one sub-area (37, 38, 39). Device according to one or more of the preceding device claims, characterized in that in the first partial area (37) a rotating frame (11) is arranged to rotate the knife ring (1) and/or that a measuring station (17) for measuring the knife packs (5), the knife ring (1), the knife pack carrier (42) and/or or the wear plates (40) is arranged. Device according to one or more of the preceding device claims, characterized in that a measuring station for the clamping plates (6) is arranged in the second partial area (38) and, if necessary, an exchange device for clamping plates (6). Device according to one or more of the preceding device claims, characterized in that in the first partial area (37) on the rotary device (11) for the knife ring (1) a screw device (12), a cleaning device (13), a rotary device (15), a Bearing (16) and/or a double gripper (7) of the industrial robot (10) is arranged, which can preferably be adapted for different geometries of a knife ring (1) or can be exchanged with correspondingly adapted parts. Device according to one or more of the preceding device claims, characterized in that common or separate static, dynamic bearings (20, 21, 35, 36) or paternoster bearings are arranged for the knives (2, 3) and/or the knife packs (4, 5). are. Device according to one or more of the preceding device claims, characterized in that a control device for setting, selecting and/or assembling the sharpened knife packs (5) is arranged at predetermined locations in the knife ring (1). Device according to one or more of the preceding device claims, characterized in that means for receiving or transmitting information about the state of the knife ring (1) from a programmable memory on the knife ring (1), from the control of a knife ring flaker or an operatively connected large-scale industrial plant control are arranged . Device according to one or more of the preceding device claims, characterized in that in the third sub-area (39) the measuring station (32) for measuring the blunt knives (2) in the effective range of the industrial robot (30) and/or in the second sub-area (39) is operatively connected is arranged with the transport device (22) and a camera is preferably arranged for the measurement in the measuring station (32). Device according to one or more of the preceding device claims, characterized in that a storage capacity for sharp knife packs (5) for one, preferably two or more, most preferably for different knife rings (1) is arranged in the first partial area (37). Device according to one or more of the preceding device claims, characterized in that in the third partial area (39) of the device there is a turning area (33) for storing knives (2, 3), preferably in connection with the measuring station (32) for the knives (2nd ), is arranged.

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