DE102019116174B4 - Energy storage device and method for energy storage - Google Patents

Abstract

Energy storage device, comprising - a thermal storage device (12) for storing thermal energy, - a kinetic storage device (14) for storing kinetic energy, wherein the thermal storage device (12) has at least one latent heat storage element (16) for storing the thermal energy, and wherein the kinetic storage device (14) has at least one movable flywheel element (20), and the at least one flywheel element (20) is at least partially formed by the at least one latent heat storage element (16), wherein the at least one latent heat storage element (16) serves as a flywheel element (20) for storing the kinetic energy and is set in motion and/or rotation for storing the kinetic energy, and at least one rotation element (22; 176; 190; 202) with a rotation element shaft (24; 106; 124; 178; 192) which is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the at least one latent heat storage element (16). and- a coupling device (30) for coupling thermal and kinetic energy into the energy storage device and for coupling thermal and kinetic energy out of the energy storage device,wherein the coupling device (30) is assigned an electrical heating device (158) for coupling heat into the at least one latent heat storage element (16), wherein the electrical heating device (158) is attached to the at least one latent heat storage element (16) and/or to the at least one rotation element (22; 176; 190; 202) is arranged, and wherein the coupling device (30) is assigned a shaft heat exchange element (66; 120) for coupling out heat from the at least one latent heat storage element, wherein the shaft heat exchange element (66; 120) is arranged on the rotary element shaft (24; 106; 124; 178; 192) and/or is integrated into the rotary element shaft (24; 106; 124; 178; 192).

Description

The invention relates to an energy storage device.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for energy storage.

From the CN 108 092 457 A An energy storage device is known by means of which electrical energy and kinetic energy can be stored, wherein lithium batteries serve to store the kinetic energy as the flywheel of a flywheel.

From the CN105 990 949 A An energy storage device with an integrated battery flywheel is known.

From the DE 2 757 336 A1 is an engine for an electric vehicle with battery operation.

From the EN 10 2013 209 837 A1 A recuperation arrangement for energy recovery and energy storage in a motor vehicle is known.

From the EN 10 2013 202 512 B4 A method for controlling recuperation power of a recuperative drive of a motor vehicle is known.

In the article “Energy storage – status and perspectives”, TAB working report No. 123, 2008, published on October 22, 2008, various technical options for energy storage are presented.

The invention is based on the object of providing an energy storage device as mentioned above, which has a compact design and in which energy can be stored with an increased energy density.

This object is achieved in the energy storage device with the features according to claim 1.

The at least one latent heat storage element serves as a flywheel element for storing the kinetic energy and/or as a flywheel element for the kinetic storage device.

For example, the at least one latent heat storage element is part of the at least one flywheel element.

The solution according to the invention uses the at least one latent heat storage element both for storing thermal energy and for storing kinetic energy. This results in a dual use of the at least one latent heat storage element for storing kinetic and thermal energy.

This allows energy to be stored with a particularly high energy density using the energy storage device according to the invention. This also results in a compact design of the energy storage device with an increased storage capacity.

The at least one latent heat storage element is to be understood in particular as a storage element which stores a large part of the thermal energy supplied to it in the form of latent heat, such as in the form of heat for a phase change from solid to liquid or from liquid to gaseous.

In particular, the at least one latent heat storage element has a phase change medium and in particular a metallic phase change medium. The at least one latent heat storage element comprises, for example, a phase change material (PCM) and in particular a metallic phase change material.

In particular, the at least one flywheel element is arranged to be rotatable. This allows kinetic energy and in particular rotational energy to be stored by means of the at least one flywheel element.

The kinetic storage device has at least one rotating element with a rotating element shaft, which is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the at least one latent heat storage element. Kinetic energy can thus be stored according to the principle of a flywheel, with the at least one latent heat storage element forming a flywheel mass of the flywheel for storing the kinetic energy.

For example, the at least one rotation element consists at least partially of a phase change medium and in particular of a metallic phase change medium.

In particular, the at least one flywheel element is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the rotating element shaft.

In particular, a plurality of latent heat storage elements are connected to the rotary element shaft in a rotationally fixed manner. The latent heat storage elements are arranged, for example, rotationally symmetrically with respect to the rotary element shaft.

In particular, the at least one rotation element is rotatably mounted relative to a housing of the energy storage device.

It can be advantageous if the at least one rotary element is arranged in an interior space of a housing of the energy storage device, and in particular if the rotary element shaft is rotatably mounted on the housing by means of at least one magnetic bearing and/or by means of at least one ball bearing. For example, a negative pressure area can be formed in the housing. This makes it possible to reduce ventilation losses when the at least one rotary element rotates.

By means of the at least one magnetic bearing and/or the at least one ball bearing, the at least one rotation element is rotatably mounted, for example, relative to the housing of the energy storage device.

In particular, it can be provided that the rotary element shaft is coupled to a motor shaft for accelerating and/or decelerating the at least one rotary element by means of a magnetic coupling element, and in particular that the magnetic coupling element is or comprises a magnetic reluctance coupling. The motor shaft is, for example, part of an electric motor device. In particular, the motor shaft can be coupled to the rotary element shaft by means of the magnetic coupling element if the rotary element shaft with the at least one rotary element is arranged in a negative pressure region and the motor shaft is arranged outside the negative pressure region.

The magnetic coupling element and in particular the magnetic reluctance coupling serves to couple the motor shaft to the rotating element shaft.

The magnetic coupling element is based, for example, on magnetic fields generated by permanent magnets. This results in a contactless coupling of the motor shaft to the rotating element shaft.

For coupling the motor shaft to the rotary element shaft, the magnetic reluctance coupling comprises, for example, a hollow cylindrical stator with one or more magnets arranged on the circumference of the stator and a first rotor which is rotatably mounted within the stator. The first rotor is rotationally fixed to the motor shaft and has a plurality of ferromagnetic sections arranged on its circumference. The magnetic reluctance coupling further comprises a second rotor which is rotationally fixed to the first rotor and is rotationally fixed to the rotary element shaft. The second rotor has a plurality of ferromagnetic sections arranged on its circumference.

A magnetic reluctance clutch is known, for example, from WO 2013/143766 A2 (filing date: February 14, 2013). In this context, express and complete reference is made to this publication.

For example, the at least one magnetic coupling element comprises a sealing element for fluid-tight sealing of an interior space of a housing of the energy storage device, in which the at least one rotation element is arranged.

In particular, the motor shaft is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the rotary element shaft by means of the magnetic coupling element.

It can be advantageous if the rotary element shaft is integrally connected to a motor shaft for accelerating and/or decelerating the at least one rotary element. In this case, in particular, no magnetic coupling element is present and/or in particular no magnetic coupling element is required.

The coupling device is assigned an electrical heating device for coupling heat into the at least one latent heat storage element, wherein the electrical heating device is arranged on the at least one latent heat storage element and/or on the at least one rotation element. Electrical energy can thus be converted into thermal energy and the thermal energy can be stored by means of the at least one latent heat storage element. Furthermore, a mass of the electrical heating device can be used as a flywheel for storing kinetic energy by means of the at least one rotation element.

In particular, the electric heating device is arranged in a radially outer region of the at least one rotary element.

In particular, the electrical heating device is connected in one piece to the at least one rotation element. The electrical heating device is, for example, integrated into the at least one rotation element.

For example, the electric heating device is rotationally symmetrical with respect to the Rota tion element shaft and/or arranged in a ring around the rotation element shaft.

In particular, the electric heating device is arranged on the at least one rotation element further outward in the radial direction than the at least one flywheel element and/or the at least one latent heat storage element.

For example, the electric heating device surrounds and/or encloses the at least one flywheel element and/or the at least one latent heat storage element.

Surrounding and/or enclosing is to be understood in particular as surrounding and/or enclosing in two of three spatial directions, wherein the two spatial directions lie in a plane which is oriented transversely and in particular perpendicular to a longitudinal central axis and/or to the rotary element shaft of the at least one rotary element.

The electric heating device comprises in particular a plurality of heating elements, which are designed, for example, as heating cartridges. The heating elements are designed, for example, in a cylindrical shape.

In particular, the heating elements surround and/or enclose the at least one flywheel element and/or the at least one latent heat storage element. The heating cartridges are arranged, for example, rotationally symmetrically with respect to the rotating element shaft.

For example, holding elements for receiving the heating cartridges are arranged in the radially outer region of the at least one rotary element. The heating elements in particular have a shape corresponding to the heating cartridges. In particular, the holding elements are oriented at least approximately parallel to the rotary element shaft and/or to a longitudinal center axis of the at least one rotary element.

For example, an electrical connection to the electrical heating device is established by means of a sliding contact arranged on the rotary element shaft and/or by means of electromagnetic induction.

It can be advantageous if a plurality of latent heat storage elements are connected to the rotary element shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, if at least one cooling channel and at least one heat exchange element for extracting heat from the latent heat storage elements are assigned to the coupling device, if the at least one cooling channel is arranged on the at least one rotary element between adjacent latent heat storage elements, and if the at least one heat exchange element is arranged at a distance from a radially outer end of the at least one cooling channel. The latent heat storage elements can thus be thermally discharged by passing a gas through the at least one cooling channel. The gas absorbs the thermal energy from the latent heat storage elements and releases it to the at least one heat exchange element.

The at least one rotation element is arranged with the latent heat storage elements, for example, within a gas atmosphere with a gas that has a lower density than air. For example, the at least one rotation element with the latent heat storage elements is arranged in a hydrogen atmosphere and/or in a helium atmosphere.

Hydrogen gas and/or helium gas can then, for example, flow through the at least one cooling channel. This allows the hydrogen gas and/or the helium gas to be used to transport heat from the latent heat storage elements to the at least one heat exchange element.

The at least one heat exchange element is arranged in particular in an interior space of a housing of the energy storage device and/or arranged opposite the radially outer end of the at least one cooling channel.

For example, the at least one heat exchange element serves as a mechanical protection element for the energy storage device, for example in the event of breakage of the at least one rotating element during operation.

Through the at least one heat exchange element, in particular a working fluid for extracting heat from an interior of a housing of the energy storage device, in which the at least one rotation element with the latent heat storage elements is arranged, can be carried out.

In particular, the at least one cooling channel is oriented transversely and in particular perpendicularly to the rotary element shaft and/or to a longitudinal center axis of the at least one rotary element.

The at least one cooling channel is arranged in particular in a stationary and/or rotationally fixed manner with respect to the rotary element shaft.

In particular, it can be provided that the at least one heat exchange element is arranged on a wall element of a housing of the energy storage device and/or is arranged stationary with respect to a wall element of a housing of the energy storage device, and in particular that the at least one heat exchange element is arranged on an inner side of the wall element opposite the radially outer end of the at least one cooling channel.

The wall element of the housing is, for example, a lateral wall element of the housing, which delimits an interior of the housing and in particular delimits the interior in a plane which is oriented transversely and in particular perpendicularly to the rotary element shaft and/or to a longitudinal center axis of the at least one rotary element. In particular, the at least one rotary element and the at least one heat exchange element are arranged in the interior.

The inner side of the wall element is in particular facing the interior of the housing and/or arranged in the interior of the housing.

It can be advantageous if the at least one cooling channel opens at the radially outer end into a gap region between the at least one rotation element and a wall element of the housing of the energy storage device. The wall element is, for example, a lateral wall element of the housing. This allows, for example, heated gas to be coupled out of an interior of the housing by means of the at least one heat exchange element. In particular, heated gas can be collected in the gap region.

For example, at least one heat exchange element is arranged in the gap region.

For example, the at least one cooling channel extends from a radially inner end to the radially outer end.

It can be advantageous if a distribution channel for supplying fluid to the at least one cooling channel is arranged at a radially inner end of the at least one cooling channel, and in particular if the distribution channel is oriented at least approximately parallel to the rotary element shaft and/or to a longitudinal center axis of the at least one rotary element. By means of the distribution channel, for example, gas can be supplied to a plurality of cooling channels spaced apart from one another.

The radially inner end of the at least one cooling channel is located, for example, in the radial direction at the level of a radially inner end of the latent heat storage elements.

In particular, a working fluid that can absorb heat can be passed through the at least one heat exchange element. In order to extract the heat from the working fluid, a condenser device is assigned to the at least one heat exchange element.

The capacitor device is arranged in particular outside the housing of the energy storage device.

The coupling device is assigned a shaft heat exchange element for extracting heat from the at least one latent heat storage element, wherein the shaft heat exchange element is arranged on the rotary element shaft and/or is integrated into the rotary element shaft. This allows the energy storage device to be designed compactly. The shaft heat exchange element is in thermal contact with the at least one latent heat storage element.

In particular, a working fluid for extracting heat from the at least one latent heat storage element can be passed through the wave heat exchange element. In particular, the working fluid is or comprises at least one of the following: water, methanol, ethanol.

It can be advantageous if the rotary element shaft is designed as a hollow shaft and if the shaft heat exchange element is arranged in a shaft interior of the rotary element shaft. This allows the at least one rotary element and/or the rotary element shaft to be designed compactly. The shaft heat exchange element can therefore be easily integrated into the rotary element shaft.

In particular, it can be provided that the wave heat exchange element has a riser section for working fluid and an evaporator section that follows the riser section in relation to a flow direction of the working fluid, and in particular that at least a partial area of the riser section is arranged within at least a partial area of the evaporator section. In the riser section, for example, liquid working fluid is transported upwards against the direction of gravity. The transport takes place in particular by means of a condensate pump. This makes it easy to adjust the amount of fluid transported.

The working fluid is conveyed from the riser section into the evaporator section. In the evaporator section, the working fluid is conveyed downwards along the direction of gravity. In particular, a phase change takes place in the evaporator section.

Vaporous working fluid can then, for example, enter a condenser section. There, a phase change occurs. Thermal energy can thus be absorbed by means of the working fluid from the at least one latent heat storage element and the absorbed thermal energy can be coupled out via the condenser section.

The arrangement of at least one partial area of the flow section within at least one partial area of the evaporator section results in a compact structure of the wave heat exchange element with little space requirement.

In particular, the working fluid is supplied and discharged via one side of the rotating element shaft.

Alternatively, it is also possible for the working fluid to be supplied and discharged via opposite sides of the rotary element shaft. For example, the working fluid is supplied from above (relative to the direction of gravity) and the working fluid is discharged downwards.

It can be advantageous if the rotary element shaft and/or a shaft heat exchange element arranged on the rotary element shaft is penetrated and/or guided through at least one wall element of a housing of the energy storage device. The rotary element shaft and/or the shaft heat exchange element are thereby guided in particular from an interior of the housing to the outside. This allows, for example, heat to be coupled out by means of the shaft heat exchange element and/or by means of the rotary element shaft from an interior of the housing, which is delimited by the at least one wall element.

The at least one wall element is in particular an upper and/or a lower wall element of the housing (relative to the direction of gravity).

A decoupling of working fluid from the shaft heat exchange element takes place, for example, by means of a steam extraction device, which is arranged, for example, on a lower housing element of the housing of the energy storage device.

In particular, it can be provided that a mass proportion of a mass of a phase change medium of the at least one latent heat storage element in a mass of the at least one rotation element is at least 50% and in particular at least 70% and in particular at least 80% and in particular at least 90%. The phase change medium thus forms a large mass proportion of a flywheel mass of the at least one rotation element for storing kinetic energy. This allows energy to be stored with an increased energy density.

The mass of the at least one rotary element is understood to be a mass of the rotary element shaft plus a sum of a respective mass of all elements which are rotationally fixedly connected to the rotary element shaft and/or are rotatable by means of the rotary element shaft.

By means of the mass of the at least one rotation element, kinetic energy is stored by rotation of the at least one rotation element.

It can be advantageous if a coil device and at least one susceptor element are assigned to the coupling device, wherein the at least one susceptor element is thermally connected to the at least one latent heat storage element. By means of the coil device, energy can be transferred to the at least one susceptor element by means of electromagnetic induction. This allows energy to be coupled into the at least one susceptor element without contact. By heating the at least one susceptor element, heat can be coupled into the at least one latent heat storage element.

In particular, the coil device is arranged on a housing element of a housing of the energy storage device and/or stationary with respect to a housing element of the energy storage device.

The at least one susceptor element is arranged, for example, to be movable and/or rotatable relative to the coil device. In particular, the at least one susceptor element is arranged on the at least one rotation element and/or integrated into the at least one rotation element.

The coil device is, for example, attached to a susceptor element opposite wall element of the housing of the energy storage device.

In particular, the at least one susceptor element is arranged on the at least one flywheel element and/or on the at least one latent heat storage element.

The at least one susceptor element is integrated in particular into the at least one flywheel element and/or into the at least one latent heat storage element. For example, the at least one susceptor element is formed at least partially by a metallic phase change medium of the at least one latent heat storage element.

The coil device can be supplied with a current and/or a voltage to generate a magnetic field.

The at least one susceptor element is made of a material which absorbs the electromagnetic field generated by the coil device and converts it into heat.

For example, the at least one susceptor element is made of a material with at least metallic electrical conductivity.

It can be advantageous if the at least one latent heat storage element is coupled to a motor device, wherein the at least one latent heat storage element can be accelerated and/or decelerated by means of the motor device. The at least one latent heat storage element can be set in motion and/or rotation by means of the motor device in order to supply kinetic energy. The at least one latent heat storage element can be braked by means of the motor device in order to release kinetic energy.

Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the at least one latent heat storage element is coupled to a transmission device by means of which the at least one latent heat storage element can be accelerated and/or decelerated.

The motor device to which the at least one latent heat storage element is coupled is in particular an electric motor device.

The motor device is arranged, for example, outside a housing of the heat transfer device.

Alternatively, the motor device is arranged in the housing. The motor device is, for example, integrated into a rotating element of the energy storage device.

In particular, it can be provided that the thermal storage device and the kinetic storage device are arranged within an interior space of a housing of the energy storage device, and in particular that a negative pressure region is formed in the interior space and/or that a gas atmosphere with a gas that has a lower density than air is formed in the interior space. The negative pressure region is, for example, a vacuum. The gas atmosphere is, for example, a hydrogen atmosphere and/or a helium atmosphere.

By arranging the kinetic storage device and the thermal storage device within the interior of the housing of the energy storage device, it is possible to recuperate kinetic losses (e.g. due to air friction losses or friction losses due to the bearing of the kinetic storage device) in the form of heat. The thermal energy resulting from the kinetic losses then remains stored in the interior of the housing.

The negative pressure range is an area within which the pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure. In the negative pressure range formed in the interior of the housing, the pressure is lower than outside the housing.

By means of the negative pressure region, air friction losses of the kinetic storage device and in particular of a rotation element of the kinetic storage device can be reduced.

In particular, the energy storage device is assigned at least one vacuum pump for generating a negative pressure region within an interior space of a housing of the energy storage device. The vacuum pump is, for example, fluidically connected to the interior space of the housing.

The negative pressure range that can be formed in the interior of the housing is, for example, a high vacuum or an ultra-high vacuum.

In particular, a pressure within the negative pressure range is not more than 10 ^-3 mbar and in particular not more than 10 ^-7 mbar.

Alternatively or additionally, it may be provided that the energy storage device min at least one pump for generating an overpressure area within an interior of a housing of the energy storage device is assigned. The pump is, for example, fluidically connected to the interior of the housing.

In particular, a pressure within the overpressure range is at least 1 bar and in particular at least 6 bar and/or in particular at most 30 bar.

The overpressure area allows a kinetic self-discharge of the kinetic storage device. The high pressure within the overpressure area causes the stored kinetic energy to be converted into thermal energy by frictional forces. This allows the kinetic energy stored in the energy storage device to be specifically converted into thermal energy, which is then stored in the interior of the housing of the energy storage device.

In particular, it can be provided that an overpressure region is formed in the interior of the housing of the energy storage device, and that a gas atmosphere with a gas that has a lower density than air is formed in the interior. The gas atmosphere is, for example, a hydrogen atmosphere and/or a helium atmosphere.

Hydrogen gas and/or helium gas have good thermal conductivity and can therefore be used, for example, to extract thermal energy from the at least one latent heat storage element. For this purpose, for example, at least one heat exchange element is provided, which is arranged in the interior of the housing (see above).

In particular, the interior is sealed fluid-tight by means of a sealing element. The at least one sealing element is or comprises, for example, a magnetic fluid seal.

According to the invention, a method for energy storage with the features according to claim 16 is provided.

The method according to the invention has in particular one or more features and/or advantages of the energy storage device according to the invention.

In particular, the method according to the invention can be carried out by means of the energy storage device according to the invention and/or the method according to the invention is carried out by means of the energy storage device according to the invention.

To store the kinetic energy, at least one latent heat storage element is set in motion and/or rotation.

It may be advantageous if the thermal storage device and the kinetic storage device are arranged within a negative pressure region and/or in a gas atmosphere with a gas which has a lower density than air.

Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the thermal storage device and the kinetic storage device are arranged within an overpressure region and/or in a gas atmosphere with a gas which has a lower density than air.

The gas atmosphere is, for example, a hydrogen atmosphere and/or a helium atmosphere.

By arranging the thermal storage device and the kinetic storage device within the overpressure area, a kinetic self-discharge can be realized, in which a targeted conversion of kinetic energy stored in the kinetic storage device into thermal energy takes place.

In particular, it can be provided that kinetic energy is coupled out of the kinetic storage device by arranging the kinetic storage device and the thermal storage device within an overpressure region.

In particular, thermal energy is coupled into the at least one latent heat storage element by means of electromagnetic induction.

In particular, thermal energy is extracted from the at least one latent heat storage element by the at least one latent heat storage element releasing heat to a gas flow and in particular by the gas flow releasing the absorbed heat to a heat exchange element. The heat can then be extracted from the thermal storage device, for example, by means of the heat exchange element.

Unless otherwise stated, the term “at least approximately” means that a value and/or a distance and/or a Angle deviates by no more than 10% from the specified value and/or distance and/or angle.

• 1 eine schematische Schnittansicht eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Energiespeichervorrichtung;
• 2 eine schematische Schnittansicht eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Energiespeichervorrichtung;
• 3 eine Detailansicht des Teilbereichs A gemäß 2;
• 4 eine schematische Schnittansicht eines dritten Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Energiespeichervorrichtung;
• 5 eine perspektivische Teilschnittdarstellung des Ausführungsbeispiels der Energiespeichervorrichtung gemäß 4;
• 6 eine Detailansicht des Teilbereichs B gemäß 5;
• 7 ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Rotationselements für die Energiespeichervorrichtung;
• 8 ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel eines Rotationselements; und
• 9 ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Rotationselements.

The following description of preferred embodiments serves to explain the invention in more detail in conjunction with the drawings. They show:

• 1 a schematic sectional view of a first embodiment of an energy storage device according to the invention;
• 2 a schematic sectional view of a second embodiment of an energy storage device according to the invention;
• 3 a detailed view of section A according to 2 ;
• 4 a schematic sectional view of a third embodiment of an energy storage device according to the invention;
• 5 a perspective partial sectional view of the embodiment of the energy storage device according to 4 ;
• 6 a detailed view of section B according to 5 ;
• 7 a first embodiment of a rotation element for the energy storage device;
• 8th a second embodiment of a rotation element; and
• 9 a third embodiment of a rotation element.

Identical or functionally equivalent elements are designated by the same reference numerals in all figures.

An embodiment of an energy storage device according to the invention is shown in 1 and designated therein with 10. The energy storage device 10 comprises a thermal storage device 12 for storing thermal energy and a kinetic storage device 14 for storing kinetic energy.

The thermal storage device 12 has a plurality of latent heat storage elements 16. The latent heat storage elements 16 each comprise, for example, a phase change medium 18 and in particular a metallic phase change medium 18.

The phase change medium 18 is or comprises, for example, water and/or paraffin and/or a metallic phase change material. The metallic phase change material is, for example, an aluminum-silicon alloy.

The kinetic storage device 14 has a plurality of movable flywheel elements 20 for storing the kinetic energy. The flywheel elements 20 are in the 1 shown example part of a rotation element 22.

The rotation element 22 comprises a rotation element shaft 24, to which the flywheel elements 20 are connected in a rotationally fixed manner.

The rotation element 22 is positioned in an interior space 26 of a housing 28 of the energy storage device 10.

To store kinetic energy, the flywheel elements 12 are set in rotation by means of the rotary shaft 24. The rotary element 22 and the flywheel elements 20 perform a rotary movement and thereby store kinetic energy and in particular rotational energy.

In the embodiment shown, the latent heat storage elements 16 are connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the rotary element shaft 24. The latent heat storage elements 16 at least partially form the flywheel elements 20 of the rotary element 22 and/or the latent heat storage elements 16 are each part of the flywheel elements 20.

The latent heat storage element 16 thus has the function of a flywheel element 20 and/or the latent heat storage element 16 serves as a flywheel element 20.

The latent heat storage element 16 comprises the phase change medium 18. This phase change medium 18 has a mass M1.

The rotation element 22 has a mass M2, wherein the mass M2 is to be understood in particular as a total mass of all rotatable components of the rotation element 22.

In particular, it can be provided that a mass fraction of the mass M1 of the phase change medium 18 in the mass M2 of the rotation element 22 is at least 50% and in particular at least 70% and in particular at least 80% and in particular at least 90%.

The energy storage device 10 comprises a coupling device 30, by means of which thermal and/or kinetic energy can be coupled into the energy storage device 10 and/or decoupled from the energy storage device 10 The coupling device 30 is described in detail below.

In the embodiment according to 1 the rotary element 22 is movably and/or rotatably mounted on the housing 28 by means of the rotary element shaft 24.

The housing 28 and/or the rotary element 22 are, for example, at least approximately rotationally symmetrical with respect to a longitudinal central axis 32. The longitudinal central axis 32 lies, for example, in the rotary element shaft 24.

The longitudinal center axis 32 corresponds, for example, to a rotation axis of a rotational movement of the latent heat storage elements 16 and/or the flywheel elements 20 and/or the rotary element shaft 24.

In an operating state of the energy storage device 10, when properly positioned, the rotary element shaft 24 and/or the longitudinal center axis 32 are oriented at least approximately parallel to the direction of gravity g.

The housing 28 has a first wall element 34 and a second wall element 36 spaced apart from the first wall element 34 parallel to the longitudinal center axis 32. For example, the first wall element 34 (with respect to the direction of gravity g) is a base element of the housing 28 and/or the second wall element 36 is a cover element of the housing 28.

The housing 28 further comprises a lateral wall element 38, which is arranged between the first wall element 34 and the second wall element 36.

The housing 28 is, for example, at least approximately cylindrical in shape.

The first wall element 34, the second wall element 36 and the lateral wall element 38 delimit and/or surround the interior space 26 of the housing 28.

For example, the first wall element 34 and the second wall element 36 delimit the interior space 26 in a direction parallel to the longitudinal center axis 32.

The lateral wall element 38 delimits the interior space 26, for example, in two of three spatial directions, which lie in a plane oriented transversely and in particular perpendicularly to the longitudinal center axis 32. For example, the lateral wall element 38 delimits the interior space 26 in a radial direction 40, which lies in a plane oriented transversely and in particular perpendicularly to the longitudinal center axis 32.

A first opening element 42 is formed on the first wall element 34 and a second opening element 44 is formed on the second wall element 36.

The first opening element 42 and the second opening element 44 are, for example, at least approximately parallel and/or rotationally symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal center axis 32.

The rotary element shaft 24 extends from the interior 26 through the first opening element 42 to the outside.

For example, the rotary element shaft 24 is guided through and/or penetrated by the first wall element 34.

The rotary element shaft 24 extends at least partially through the second opening element 44 formed on the second wall element 36.

The rotary element shaft 24 is mounted so as to be movable and/or rotatable relative to the housing 28 by means of a plurality of magnetic bearings 46. For example, a first magnetic bearing 46a is arranged on the first opening element 42 and/or a second magnetic bearing 46b is arranged on the second opening element 44.

In the embodiment according to 1 In an operating state of the energy storage device 10, a negative pressure region and in particular a vacuum is formed in the interior space 26. In this negative pressure region, the pressure is reduced compared to the atmospheric pressure.

An electric vacuum pump 48 is provided to create the negative pressure area within the interior space 26.

Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that a pump is assigned to the interior, by means of which an overpressure area can be formed in the interior 26. In the overpressure area, the pressure is higher than the atmospheric pressure.

The housing 28 is in particular sealed fluid-tight and/or gas-tight. For the fluid-tight and/or gas-tight sealing of the housing 28, for example, a magnetic fluid seal 50 is provided in front of seen which in the 1 shown example is arranged on the first housing element 42.

By means of the magnetic fluid seal, the rotary element shaft 24 is guided through the first opening element 42 in a gas-tight and/or fluid-tight manner.

To couple kinetic energy in the form of rotational energy, an electric motor device 52 is provided, which is assigned to the coupling device 30. The electric motor device 52 has a motor shaft 54, which is coupled in particular in a rotationally fixed manner to the rotary element shaft 24.

The electric motor device comprises a drive mode and a generator mode. In the drive mode, the rotary element 22 is accelerated by means of the electric motor device 52, whereby electrical energy is converted into kinetic energy. In this way, energy is coupled into the energy storage device 10. In the generator mode, the rotary element 22 is decelerated and/or braked by means of the electric motor device 52, so that the kinetic energy of the rotary element 22 is converted into electrical energy by means of the electric motor device 52. Energy is thereby coupled out of the energy storage device 10.

The electric motor device is arranged, for example, on the second wall element 36 of the housing 28. For example, the electric motor device 52 is arranged on a side 56 of the second wall element 36 facing away from the interior 26.

In the embodiment according to 1 the motor shaft 54 is coupled to the rotary element shaft 24 by means of a magnetic coupling 58. The magnetic coupling 58 is arranged, for example, on the second wall element 36 and/or on the second opening element 44.

In particular, the magnetic coupling 58 comprises a magnetic fluid seal 50, so that the interior space 26 is sealed gas-tight and/or fluid-tight by means of the magnetic coupling 58.

The magnetic clutch 58 is, for example, a magnetic reluctance clutch.

For example, the coupling device 30 is assigned a power supply device 60 which is electrically connected to the electric motor device 52. By means of the power supply device 60, electrical energy can be coupled into the electric motor device 52 or electrical energy provided by the electric motor device can be coupled out.

In the 1 In the example shown, an electrical coil device 62 is assigned to the coupling device 30. The electrical coil device 62 is arranged, for example, on the lateral wall element 38 of the housing 28.

The electrical coil device 62 is electrically connected to the energy supply device 60. The energy supply device 60 can be used to supply the electrical coil device with an electrical current and/or an electrical voltage. Electromagnetic waves can thus be generated by means of the electrical coil device 62.

The coupling device 30 is further assigned one or more susceptor elements 64, which are thermally effectively connected to the latent heat storage elements 16.

The susceptor elements 64 are arranged, for example, on the rotation element 22 and/or on the latent heat storage elements 16. In particular, the susceptor elements 64 are connected to the rotation element 22 in a rotationally fixed manner.

The susceptor element 64 is or comprises an electrically conductive material and in particular a material of at least metallic electrical conductivity.

In order to couple heat into the latent heat storage elements 16, the susceptor element 64 is exposed to electromagnetic waves which are generated by means of the coil device 62. The susceptor element 64 absorbs the electromagnetic waves, whereby the susceptor element 64 is heated. Thermal energy can thus be coupled into the latent heat storage elements 16 without contact by means of the coil device 62 and the susceptor elements 64.

To extract heat from the latent heat storage elements 16, a shaft heat exchange element 66 is assigned to the coupling device. The shaft heat exchange element 66 is arranged on the rotary element shaft 24 and/or integrated into the rotary element shaft 24.

A working fluid can flow through the wave heat exchange element 66. The working fluid is in particular a phase change medium which can change its phase (e.g. liquid-vapor). Examples of such working fluids are water, methanol and ethanol.

To integrate the shaft heat exchange element 66 into the rotary element shaft 24, the rotary element shaft 24 is designed, for example, as a hollow shaft. The rotary element shaft 24 has, for example, a shaft interior 68 in which the shaft heat exchange element 66 is at least partially arranged.

The wave heat exchange element 66 has in the 1 In the example shown, the system has a riser section 70 for the working fluid and an evaporator section 72 following the riser section with respect to a flow direction of the working fluid.

For example, the riser section 70 and the evaporator section 72 are arranged at least approximately parallel to one another. For example, the riser section 70 and/or the evaporator section 72 run at least approximately parallel to the longitudinal center axis 32.

The riser section 70 and the evaporator section 72 are fluidically separated from one another. For example, a transition 76 is arranged in an upper end region 74 of the riser section 70 and the evaporator section 72, at which the working fluid can flow from the riser section 70 into the evaporator section 72.

In particular, at least a portion of the riser section 70 runs within at least a portion of the evaporator section 72. In the embodiment according to 1 the riser section 70 runs within the evaporator section 72.

The shaft heat exchange element 66 and in particular the evaporator section 72 of the shaft heat exchange element 66 are in thermal contact with the latent heat storage elements 16. The thermal contact is established, for example, via the rotary element shaft 24. It can be provided that, in order to improve the thermal contact between the shaft heat exchange element 66 and the latent heat storage elements 16, a heat conducting structure (shown) is provided, which is arranged, for example, on the rotary element shaft 24 and/or between the shaft heat exchange element 66 and the latent heat storage elements 16.

The rotary element shaft 24 has a first end 78 and a second end 80 spaced apart from the first end 78 in a direction parallel to the longitudinal center axis 32. The first end 78 is a lower end of the rotary element shaft 24, in particular with respect to the direction of gravity g, and the second end 80 is an upper end of the rotary element shaft 24, in particular with respect to the direction of gravity g.

The first end 78 is arranged, for example, in a region of the first wall element 34 and/or the first opening element 42. The second end 80 is arranged, for example, in a region of the second wall element 36 and/or the second opening element 44. For example, the second end 80 is arranged on the magnetic coupling 58.

The transition 76 is arranged in a region of the second end 80 and/or faces the second end 80.

In the 1 In the example shown, it is provided that a supply and discharge of the working fluid to/from the shaft heat exchange element 66 takes place via a side 82 of the housing 28 and/or the rotary element shaft 24. The side 82 is in particular opposite the side 56 and/or is in particular arranged outside the interior 26 of the housing 28.

The sides 56 and/or 82 are each outer sides of the housing 28. The side 82 is, for example, also a side of the rotary element shaft 24, which is arranged at the first end 78.

For supplying in particular condensed working fluid to the riser section 70 of the shaft heat exchange element 66, a condensate pump 84 is provided, by means of which the working fluid can be coupled into the riser section 70, for example at the second end 78.

To decouple in particular gaseous working fluid from the evaporator section 72 of the wave heat exchange element 76, a steam extraction device 86 is provided, which is arranged for example on the side 82 and/or on the first end 78. By means of the steam extraction device 86, in particular gaseous working fluid can be decoupled from the evaporator section 72, for example at the first end 78.

In order to extract thermal energy from the, for example, gaseous working fluid, a condenser device 88 is provided which has a condenser flow 90 and a condenser return 92.

The shaft heat exchange element 66 is associated with a condenser section 94 which runs through the condenser device 88. This condenser section 94 is connected to the steam extraction device 86 and fluidly connected to the condensate pump 84.

This creates a closed circuit for the working fluid, which is passed through the shaft heat exchange element.

The condensate pump 84 is connected upstream of the riser section 70 with respect to the flow direction of the working fluid and is arranged in particular between the condenser section 94 and the riser section 70. The evaporator section 72 follows the riser section 70 and is arranged between the riser section 70 and the condenser section 94.

To extract thermal energy from the latent heat storage elements 16, for example, condensed working fluid is first coupled into the riser section 70 via the condensate pump 84. The condensed working fluid then flows into the evaporator section 72, where it absorbs thermal energy from the latent heat storage elements 16 and in particular changes into the gaseous state. Gaseous working fluid is extracted via the steam extraction device 86 and passed through the condenser section 94 through the condenser device 88. In the condenser device 88, thermal energy is extracted from the gaseous working fluid and released, for example, to the condenser return 92.

In a variant of the 1 In the embodiment shown, a generator device 96 is arranged between the steam extraction device 86 and/or the evaporator section 72 and the condenser device 88 and/or the condenser section 94, based on a flow direction of the working fluid. By means of the generator device 96, energy can be extracted from the working fluid, in particular the gaseous working fluid, and converted into electrical energy.

The generator device 96 comprises, for example, a steam expander 98, which extracts energy from the working fluid, in particular the gaseous one, and converts it into mechanical energy. This mechanical energy can be converted into electrical energy, for example, using a generator element 100 of the generator device 96.

The electrical energy generated by the generator element 100 can be used, for example, as auxiliary energy for the vacuum pump 48 and/or the condensate pump 84 and/or the magnetic bearings 46. The electrical energy can also be used, for example, for external applications, such as for driving a vehicle.

The energy supply device 60 has, for example, several connections 101, by means of which electrical energy can be coupled into and out of the energy storage device 10. Electrical energy coupled in via the energy supply device 60 is converted into thermal and kinetic energy, for example, by means of the coupling device 30 and stored in the energy storage device 10. This stored energy can, for example, be converted back into electrical energy by means of the coupling device 30 and removed via the energy supply device 60.

Another embodiment of an energy storage device, which in 2 shown and designated there with 102, is basically designed in the same way as the energy storage device 10 described above. The same reference numerals are used below for technically similar elements and the above description applies accordingly. The energy storage device 102 essentially has a different bearing of the rotary element shaft 24 compared to the energy storage device 10 and a modified circuit of the working fluid guided through the rotary element shaft 24.

In the 2 In the example shown, the rotary element shaft 24 of the rotary element 22 is rotatably mounted on the housing 28 by means of several ball bearings 104 (see also 3 ). The ball bearings 104 are arranged, for example, on the first wall element 34 and/or the first opening element 42 and/or the second wall element 36 and/or the second opening element 44.

In the 2 In the example shown, the electric motor device 52 is arranged on the side 56 of the housing 28. The motor shaft 54 is integrally connected to the rotary element shaft 24. In particular, no magnetic coupling 58 is provided.

The rotary element shaft 24 and the motor shaft 54 integrally connected to the rotary element shaft 24 form a rotary element shaft 106, which is a common shaft of the electric motor device 52 and the rotary element 22. The rotary element shaft 106 can be driven by means of the electric motor device 52. This allows the rotary element 22 to be set in rotation with the latent heat storage elements 16 and/or the flywheel elements 20.

The rotary element shaft 106 extends between a first end 108 and a second end 110. The first end 108 is arranged in a region of the side 82 of the housing 28 and/or the steam extraction device 86. The second end 110 is arranged in a region of a side 112 of a motor housing 114 of the electric motor device 52, wherein the side 112 is spaced from the side 56 of the housing 28 parallel to the longitudinal center axis 32. The motor housing 114 extends, for example, between the side 56 of the housing 28 and the second end 110 of the rotary element shaft 106.

The rotating element shaft 106 extends through the motor housing 114 and through the housing 28 of the energy storage device 102.

At the second end 110 of the rotary element shaft 106, a coupling device 116 for working fluid is arranged.

The rotary element shaft 106 is designed as a hollow shaft. A shaft heat exchange element 120 is arranged in an interior space 118 of the rotary element shaft 106. The working fluid can flow through the shaft heat exchange element 120.

By means of the condensate pump 84, for example, condensed working fluid is coupled into the shaft heat exchange element 120 by means of the coupling device 116. The working fluid flows through the motor housing 114 and through the interior 26 of the housing 28.

For example, the working fluid flows from top to bottom relative to the direction of gravity g.

The wave heat exchange element 120 is in thermal connection with the latent heat storage elements 16. For example, the working fluid guided through the interior 26 absorbs heat from the latent heat storage elements 16 and changes into the gaseous state.

Gaseous working fluid is then extracted from the rotary element shaft 106 and/or from the shaft heat exchange element 120 by means of the vapor extraction device 86 and transferred to the condenser section 94.

In the condenser section 94, the gaseous working fluid passes through the condenser 88 and is then fed back to the condensate pump 84 as a particularly condensed working fluid.

In the embodiment according to 2 Working fluid is thus supplied to the shaft heat exchange element 120 via the second end 110 and/or via a second side of the rotary element shaft 106, and the working fluid is discharged from the shaft heat exchange element 120 via the first end 108 and/or via a first side of the rotary element shaft 106. The second end 110 lies above the first end 108 with respect to the direction of gravity g.

Another embodiment of an energy storage device which is disclosed in the 4 and 5 and designated there with 122, essentially has, in comparison to the embodiments described above, an alternative possibility for coupling out thermal energy stored in the latent heat storage elements 16. The energy storage device 122 is otherwise basically designed in the same way as the energy storage device 10 described above.

The energy storage device 122 includes the electric motor device 52, which has the motor shaft 54. The motor shaft 54 is coupled to a rotary element shaft 124 of the rotary element 22 via the magnetic coupling 58.

The magnetic coupling 58 is in the embodiment according to 4 on the side 56 and/or in an area of the side 56 of the housing 28.

The rotary element 22 is rotatably mounted on the housing 28 by means of the rotary element shaft 124. For example, the rotary element shaft 124 is rotatably mounted relative to the housing 28 by means of the magnetic bearing 46.

For example, a magnetic bearing 46 is arranged on the first wall element 34 and on the second wall element 36. The first magnetic bearing 46a is arranged, for example, on the first wall element 34.

The second magnetic bearing 46b is arranged, for example, on the second wall element 36 and/or on the second opening element 44.

The first wall element 34 of the housing 28 has, for example, a recess 126 in which the rotary element shaft 124 is rotatably mounted, for example by means of the first magnetic bearing 46a. The first magnetic bearing 46a is arranged, for example, on and/or in the recess 126.

In particular, the first wall element 34 does not have a first opening element 42.

The indentation 126 is formed on an inner side 128 of the first wall element 34 facing the interior 26 of the housing 28.

A first end 130 of the rotary element shaft 124 is arranged in the recess 126. The first end 130 is positioned in particular in the interior 26 of the housing 28.

A second end 132 of the rotary element shaft 124 is arranged on the magnetic coupling 58 and/or in a region of the second wall element 36 of the housing 28.

In particular, the second end 132 is positioned outside the interior space 26.

The rotary element shaft 124 is guided out of the interior space 26 through the second opening element 44 on the second wall element 36.

The latent heat storage elements 16 and/or the flywheel elements 20 are connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the rotary element shaft 124.

In particular, a structure 134 for thermally decoupling the latent heat storage elements 16 and/or the flywheel elements 20 from the rotating element shaft 124 is arranged between the rotating element shaft 124 and the latent heat storage elements 16 and/or the flywheel elements 20.

The flywheel elements 20 and/or the latent heat storage elements 16 are connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the rotary element shaft 124, for example by means of the structure 134.

To accommodate the latent heat storage elements 16 and/or the flywheel elements 20, a holding area 136 is provided, which is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the rotary element shaft 124, for example by means of the structure 134 ( 5 ). The holding area 136 has a plurality of holding elements 138 on and/or in which the latent heat storage elements 16 are arranged. Adjacent holding elements 138 are separated from one another, for example, by a wall element 140.

In the 4 and 5 In the embodiment shown, a plurality of cooling channels 142 and a plurality of heat exchange elements 144 are assigned to the coupling device 30 for coupling out thermal energy stored in the latent heat storage elements 16.

The cooling channels 142 are each arranged between adjacent latent heat storage elements 16 ( 5 and 6 ). The cooling channels 142 are arranged and/or formed, for example, on the wall element 140 arranged between adjacent latent heat storage elements 16. The cooling channels 142 are, for example, integrated into the wall element 140.

The cooling channels 142 are in particular oriented at least approximately parallel to the radial direction 40. For example, the cooling channels 142 run transversely and in particular perpendicularly to the longitudinal center axis 32 and/or the cooling channels 142 each lie at least approximately in a plane which is oriented transversely and in particular perpendicularly to the longitudinal center axis 32.

For example, a plurality of cooling channels are arranged on the wall element 140, which are each spaced apart from one another in a direction parallel to the longitudinal center axis 32.

The cooling channel 142 has a radially inner end 146 and a radially outer end 148.

At the radially inner end 146, the cooling channel 142 opens into a distribution channel 150, which is oriented in particular at least approximately parallel to the longitudinal center axis 32. Cooling fluid can be supplied to the cooling channels 142 by means of the distribution channel 150.

The distribution channel 150 and/or the radially inner end 146 of the cooling channel 142 are, for example, at least approximately at the same height as a radially inner end 152 of the latent heat storage element 16 with respect to the radial direction 40.

The distribution channel 150 extends, for example, from a first end 154 to a second end 156. The first end 154 faces the first wall element 34 and the second end 156 faces the second wall element 36.

In the 4 and 5 In the embodiment shown, the coupling device 30 is assigned an electrical heating device 158, by means of which thermal energy can be supplied to the latent heat storage elements 16. The electrical heating device 158 is designed, for example, in the shape of a ring and/or a hollow cylinder.

The electric heating device 158 is in particular rotationally fixed to the rotary element shaft 124 For example, the electrical heating device 158 is arranged on the rotation element 22 and/or on the latent heat storage elements 16 and/or on the holding region 136. The electrical heating device 158 is in particular connected in one piece to the rotation element 22.

In the embodiment shown, the electrical heating device 158 is arranged at a radially outer end 160 of the latent heat storage elements 16 and/or the holding elements 138.

The latent heat storage elements 16 and/or the holding elements 138 are arranged, for example, between the structure 134 and the electrical heating device 158.

The electrical heating device 158 is in thermally effective connection with the latent heat storage elements 16.

In particular, the electric heating device 158 is integrally connected to the rotary element 22. For example, the electric heating device forms a radially outermost element of the rotary element 22.

The radially outer end 148 of the cooling channel 142 is located, for example, with respect to the radial direction 40, at least approximately at the same height as a radially outer side 162 of the rotary element 22 and/or the electric heating device 158. The radially outer side 162 faces in particular the lateral wall element 38 of the housing 28.

The electrical heating device 158 has a plurality of heating elements 164, which are, for example, cylindrical in shape. The heating elements 164 are, for example, each arranged in holding elements 166 of the electrical heating device 158, which have a shape corresponding to the heating elements 164.

The holding element 166 is designed, for example, as a cylindrical recess in which the heating element 164 is arranged. For example, the heating element 164 is designed as a cylindrical heating cartridge.

The heating elements 164 extend, for example, at least approximately parallel to the longitudinal center axis 32.

Heating elements 164 and/or holding elements 166 that are different from one another are spaced apart from one another, for example, in a circumferential direction 168 of the rotary element 22. The circumferential direction 168 is oriented transversely and in particular perpendicularly to the radial direction 40.

The heating elements 164 of the electrical heating device 158 are supplied with electrical energy, for example, by means of the rotary element shaft 124. For this purpose, the heating elements 164 are electrically connected to the rotary element shaft 124, for example, by means of a sliding contact (not shown). The rotary element shaft 124 is then electrically connected to the energy supply device 60, for example.

A gap region 170 is formed between the rotation element 22 and the lateral wall element 38. The gap region 170 is arranged, for example, between the radially outer side 162 and an inner side 172 of the lateral wall element 38. For example, the gap region is an annular gap and/or is cylindrical.

The inner side 172 faces the interior space 26 and/or the radially outer side 162.

The radially outer ends 148 of the cooling channels 142 open into the gap region 170.

The heat exchange element 144 is arranged in particular opposite the radially outer ends 148 of the cooling channels 142. For example, the heat exchange element 144 is positioned between the inner side 172 and the radially outer side 162.

The heat exchange element 144 basically has the same functionality as the shaft heat exchange element 66 or the shaft heat exchange element 120.

A working fluid that can absorb thermal energy can flow through the heat exchange element 144. The heat exchange element 144 is, for example, fluidically connected to the condenser device 88, by means of which thermal energy can be extracted from the working fluid.

It can be provided that a valve device 174 is provided for controlling and/or regulating a supply of working fluid to the heat exchange element 144.

In the 4 and 5 In the embodiment shown, the interior space 26 is sealed in a fluid-tight manner.

In particular, a gas atmosphere is formed in the interior 26. For example, in A hydrogen atmosphere and/or a helium atmosphere is formed in the interior.

For example, hydrogen gas and/or helium gas serves as cooling gas for the latent heat storage elements 16. Heat can thus be extracted from the latent heat storage elements 16 by means of the cooling gas via the heat exchange element 144.

An embodiment of a rotation element for use as a rotation element in one of the energy storage devices described above is described in 7 shown schematically and designated there with 176. The rotation element 176 comprises a rotation element shaft 178, which is rotatably mounted, for example, by means of the magnetic bearings 46.

The rotary element shaft 178 is coupled to the motor shaft 54 of the electric motor device 52 by means of the magnetic coupling 58.

The shaft heat exchange element 66 is arranged on the rotary element shaft 178.

Working fluid can be coupled into and out of the shaft heat exchange element 66 via one side 180 of the rotary element shaft 178.

The latent heat storage elements 16 and/or the flywheel elements 20 are connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the rotating element shaft 178.

An insulation structure 182 for thermally decoupling the latent heat storage elements 16 from the rotating element shaft 178 is arranged between the latent heat storage elements 16 and/or the flywheel elements 20 and the rotating element shaft 178.

Furthermore, a heat exchange element 184 is provided, which is arranged, for example, on the latent heat storage elements 16 and/or the flywheel elements 20. For example, the heat exchange element 184 is arranged further radially outward than the latent heat storage elements 16 and/or the flywheel elements 20 and/or the heat exchange element 184 forms a radially outermost element of the rotation element 176. For example, the latent heat storage elements 16 and/or the flywheel elements 20 are arranged between the insulation structure 182 and the heat exchange element 184.

The heat exchange element 184 is thermally effectively connected to the wave heat exchange element 66, in particular via a heat conduction structure 186. As a result, heat can be extracted from the latent heat storage elements 16, for example by means of the heat conduction structure 186 and the heat exchange element 184 via the wave heat exchange element 66.

It can be provided that a support structure 188 is arranged on the heat exchange element 184 for mechanically supporting and/or stabilizing the rotation element 176. For example, the support structure forms a radially outermost element of the rotation element 176.

It can be provided that the support structure 188 is integrated into the heat exchange element 184 and/or is connected in one piece to the heat exchange element 184. For example, the heat exchange element 184 forms the support structure 188 at least partially.

The rotary element shaft 178 is in particular at least approximately cylindrical in shape.

In particular, the insulation structure 182 and/or the heat exchange element 184 and/or the support structure 188 are each annular and/or cylindrical.

The latent heat storage elements 16 and/or the flywheel elements 20 are arranged in particular in a ring shape and/or a cylinder shape.

This in 8th The embodiment of a rotary element 190 shown has a different rotary element shaft 192 compared to the rotary element 176. Otherwise, the rotary element 190 is designed in the same way as the rotary element 176.

The rotary element shaft 192 is rotatably supported by means of the ball bearings 104 and extends through the motor housing 114 of the electric motor device 52 (cf. the embodiment of the energy storage device 102 described above).

The shaft heat exchange element 120 is arranged on the rotary element shaft 192. The shaft heat exchange element 120 is thermally effectively connected to the heat exchange element 184 via the heat conducting structure 186.

In the embodiment according to 8th Working fluid is coupled into the shaft heat exchange element 120 via a first side 194 of the rotary element shaft 192 and working fluid is coupled out of the shaft heat exchange element 120 via a second side 196 of the rotary element shaft 192.

The first side 194 is arranged, for example, at a first end 198 of the rotary element shaft 192 and the second side 196 is arranged, for example, at a second end 200 of the rotary element shaft 192 opposite the first end 198.

In the 9 In the embodiment of a rotary element shaft 202 shown, unlike the previous embodiments, the electric motor device 52 is integrated into the rotary element.

The electric motor device 52 has a stator element 204, which is arranged, for example, in a middle and/or central region 206 of the rotary element 202.

A rotor element 208 of the electric motor device 52 is arranged at a distance from the stator element 204 in the radial direction 40. The rotor element 208 is arranged to be rotatable relative to the stator element 204.

The rotor element 208 is in particular ring-shaped and/or cylindrical. In particular, the rotor element 208 surrounds and/or encloses the stator element 204 in a plane which is oriented transversely and in particular perpendicularly to the longitudinal center axis 32. The longitudinal center axis 32 is, for example, an axis of rotation of the rotor element 208.

The insulation structure 182 and/or the latent heat storage elements 16 and/or the flywheel elements 20 and/or the heat exchange element 184 and/or the support structure 188 are connected to the rotor element 208 in a rotationally fixed manner.

The heat exchange element 184 is thermally effectively connected to a rotary feedthrough element 210 by means of the heat conduction structure 186. Heat can be coupled to/from the heat exchange element 184 via the rotary feedthrough element 210.

The rotary feedthrough element 210 is in particular arranged in a rotationally fixed manner with respect to the stator element 204.

The rotary feedthrough element 210 allows fluids to have a sealed transition between a body arranged in a rotationally fixed manner to the stator element 204 and the rotating heat exchange element 210.

• Zur Speicherung von Energie in der Energiespeichervorrichtung 10 wird beispielsweise elektrische Energie in die Energieversorgungseinrichtung 60 eingekoppelt.

The energy storage device according to the invention functions as follows:

• To store energy in the energy storage device 10, for example, electrical energy is coupled into the energy supply device 60.

The electrical energy is at least partially converted into kinetic energy by means of the electric motor device 52. For this purpose, the rotation element 22 with the latent heat storage elements is set in a rotary motion so that rotational energy is stored.

The supplied energy is further converted at least partially into thermal energy by means of the electrical coil device 62 and the susceptor element 64. For this purpose, the coil device 62 is subjected to a current and/or a voltage, whereby electromagnetic waves are generated which are absorbed by the susceptor element 64. The susceptor element 64 is thereby heated and releases its heat to the latent heat storage elements 16 for storage.

In this way, the energy storage device 10 is charged with energy. The energy is stored in the energy storage device 10 as thermal and/or kinetic energy.

By forming a negative pressure region and in particular a vacuum in the interior space 26, friction losses which occur during the rotation of the rotary element 22 are reduced.

The housing 28, which seals the interior 26 thermally and/or fluidically, particularly reduces thermal energy losses.

To decouple the energy stored in the energy device 10, the electric motor device 52 is switched to generator mode, for example. This slows down the rotating element 22 and converts the stored kinetic energy into electrical energy. This electrical energy can be decoupled from the energy storage device 10, for example, via the energy supply device 60.

The extraction of thermal energy from the energy storage device 10 takes place by means of the wave heat exchange element 66 and the condenser device 88. Cold working fluid is conveyed into the wave heat exchange element 66 by means of the condensate pump 84 and then passes via the riser section 70 into the evaporator section 72, where it absorbs thermal energy from the latent heat storage elements 16 and in particular changes into a gaseous state. Heated working fluid is led through the condenser section 94 and there releases transfers its thermal energy to the condenser device 88.

For example, cold fluid is supplied to the condenser device 88 via the condenser flow 90, which absorbs thermal energy in the condenser device 88 and is thereby heated. The heated fluid is then coupled out of the condenser device 88 via the condenser return 92.

In this way, thermal energy stored in the latent heat storage elements 16 can be released.

The extracted thermal energy can be converted into electrical energy, for example, by carrying out a steam power process by means of the generator device 96.

The energy storage device 102 basically has the same functionality as the energy storage device 10.

In the energy storage device 122, thermal energy is coupled into the energy storage device by means of the electrical heating device 158. For this purpose, the heating elements 164 are subjected to an electrical current and/or an electrical voltage so that they are heated. The heat generated in this way is transferred to the latent heat storage elements 16 and stored in them.

The removal of thermal energy from the energy storage device 122 takes place by means of the cooling channels 142 and the heat exchange element 144.

In the energy storage device 122, for example, a gas atmosphere is formed in the interior 26. When the rotating element 22 rotates, the gas in the interior 26 flows into the cooling channels 142 via the distribution channel 150. Due to the rotation of the rotating element 22, a gas flow occurs radially outward, so that the gas leaves the cooling channels 142 at their radially outer ends 148 and hits the heat exchange element 144.

As the gas flows through the cooling channels 142, the gas absorbs thermal energy from the latent heat storage elements 16, whereby the latent heat storage elements 16 are cooled and the gas is heated.

The heated gas hits the heat exchange element 144. The thermal energy absorbed by the gas is then coupled out of the interior space 26 by means of the heat exchange element 144.

For this purpose, the heat exchange element 144 is flowed through with a working fluid which absorbs heat from the gas. Thermal energy is thereby extracted from the gas in the interior. The absorbed thermal energy of the working fluid can then be decoupled, for example, by means of the condenser device 88, as described above for the case of the wave heat exchange element 66.

It can be provided that an electrical generator device is assigned to the capacitor device 88 for converting the coupled-out thermal energy into electrical energy.

List of reference symbols

M1

Mass of the phase change medium

M2

Mass of the rotating element

G

Gravitational direction

10

Energy storage device

12

Thermal storage device

14

Kinetic storage device

16

Latent heat storage element

18

Phase change medium

20

Flywheel element

22

Rotation element

24

Rotating element shaft

26

inner space

28

Housing

30

Coupling device

32

Longitudinal center axis

34

First wall element

36

Second wall element

38

Side wall element

40

Radial direction

42

First opening element

44

Second opening element

46

Magnetic bearings

46a

First magnetic bearing

46b

Second magnetic bearing

48

Vacuum pump

50

Magnetic fluid seal

52

Electric motor device

54

Motor shaft

56

Page

58

Magnetic clutch

60

Energy supply facility

62

Electrical coil device

64

Susceptor element

66

Wave heat exchange element

68

Wave interior

70

Riser section

72

Evaporator section

74

Upper end area

76

crossing

78

First end

80

Second End

82

Page

84

Condensate pump

86

Steam extraction device

88

Capacitor device

90

Condenser flow

92

Condenser return

94

Capacitor section

96

Generator facility

98

Steam expander

100

Generator element

101

exclusion

102

Energy storage device

104

ball-bearing

106

Rotating element shaft

108

First end

110

Second End

112

Page

114

Engine housing

116

Coupling device

118

Wave interior

120

Wave heat exchange element

122

Energy storage device

124

Rotating element shaft

126

indentation

128

inside

130

First end

132

Second End

134

structure

136

Holding area

138

Holding element

140

Wall element

142

Cooling channel

144

Heat exchange element

146

Radial inner end

148

Radial outer end

150

Distribution channel

152

Radial inner end

154

First end

156

Second End

158

Electric heating device

160

Radial outer end

162

Radial outer side

164

Heating element

166

Holding element

168

Circumferential direction

170

Gap area

172

inside

174

Valve device

176

Rotation element

178

Rotating element shaft

180

Page

182

Insulation structure

184

Heat exchange element

186

Thermal conduction structure

188

Support structure

190

Rotation element

192

Rotating element shaft

194

First page

196

Second page

198

First end

200

Second End

202

Rotation element

204

Stator element

206

Middle range

208

Rotor element

210

Rotary union element

Claims (16)

Energy storage device, comprising - a thermal storage device (12) for storing thermal energy, - a kinetic storage device (14) for storing kinetic energy, wherein the thermal storage device (12) has at least one latent heat storage element (16) for storing the thermal energy, and where the kinetic storage device (14) has at least one movable flywheel element (20), and the at least one flywheel element (20) is at least partially formed by the at least one latent heat storage element (16), where the at least one latent heat storage element (16) serves as a flywheel element (20) for storing the kinetic energy and is set in motion and/or rotation for storing the kinetic energy, and has at least one rotation element (22; 176; 190; 202) with a rotation element shaft (24; 106; 124; 178; 192) which is connected to the at least one latent heat storage element (16) is connected in a rotationally fixed manner, and - a coupling device (30) for coupling thermal and kinetic energy into the energy storage device and for coupling thermal and kinetic energy out of the energy storage device, wherein the coupling device (30) is assigned an electrical heating device (158) for coupling heat into the at least one latent heat storage element (16), wherein the electrical heating device (158) is attached to the at least one latent heat storage element (16) and/or to the at least one rotation element (22; 176; 190; 202) is arranged, and wherein the coupling device (30) is assigned a shaft heat exchange element (66; 120) for coupling out heat from the at least one latent heat storage element, wherein the shaft heat exchange element (66; 120) is arranged on the rotary element shaft (24; 106; 124; 178; 192) and/or is integrated into the rotary element shaft (24; 106; 124; 178; 192). Energy storage device according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the at least one rotation element (22; 176; 190; 202) is arranged in an interior space (26) of a housing (28) of the energy storage device, and characterized in that the rotation element shaft (24; 106; 124; 178; 192) is rotatably mounted on the housing by means of at least one magnetic bearing (46) and/or by means of at least one ball bearing (104). Energy storage device according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the rotary element shaft (24; 106; 124; 178; 192) is coupled by means of a magnetic coupling element (58) to a motor shaft (54) for accelerating and/or decelerating the at least one rotary element (22; 176; 190; 202). Energy storage device according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the rotary element shaft (24; 106; 124; 178; 192) is integrally connected to a motor shaft (54) for accelerating and/or decelerating the at least one rotary element (22; 176; 190; 202). Energy storage device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of latent heat storage elements (16) are connected to the rotary element shaft (24; 106; 124; 178; 192) in a rotationally fixed manner, that at least one cooling channel (142) and at least one heat exchange element (144) for coupling heat out of the latent heat storage elements (16) are assigned to the coupling device (30), that the at least one cooling channel (142) is arranged on the at least one rotary element (22; 176; 190; 202) between adjacent latent heat storage elements (16), and that the at least one heat exchange element (144) is arranged at a distance from a radially outer end (148) of the at least one cooling channel (142). Energy storage device according to Claim 5 , characterized in that the at least one heat exchange element (144) is arranged on a wall element (34; 36; 38) of a housing (28) of the energy storage device and/or is arranged stationary with respect to a wall element (34; 36; 38) of a housing (28) of the energy storage device. Energy storage device according to Claim 5 or 6 , characterized in that the at least one cooling channel (142) opens at the radially outer end (148) into a gap region (170) between the at least one rotation element (22; 176; 190; 202) and a wall element (34; 36; 38) of a housing (28) of the energy storage device. Energy storage device according to one of the Claims 5 until 7 , characterized in that a distribution channel (150) for supplying fluid to the at least one cooling channel (142) is arranged at a radially inner end (146) of the at least one cooling channel (142). Energy storage device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized net that the rotary element shaft (24; 106; 124; 178; 192) is designed as a hollow shaft, and that the shaft heat exchange element (66; 120) is arranged in a shaft interior (68; 118) of the rotary element shaft (24; 106; 124; 178; 192). Energy storage device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wave heat exchange element (66; 120) has a riser section (70) for working fluid and an evaporator section (72) following the riser section (70) with respect to a flow direction of the working fluid. Energy storage device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotary element shaft (24; 106; 124; 178; 192) and/or a shaft heat exchange element (66; 120) arranged on the rotary element shaft (24; 106; 124; 178; 192) is penetrated and/or passed through at least one wall element (34; 36; 38) of a housing (38) of the energy storage device. Energy storage device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a mass fraction of a mass (M1) of a phase change medium (18) of the at least one latent heat storage element (16) to a mass (M2) of the at least one rotation element (22; 176; 190; 202) is at least 50% and in particular at least 70% and in particular at least 80% and in particular at least 90%. Energy storage device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a coil device (62) and at least one susceptor element (64) are assigned to the coupling device (30), wherein the at least one susceptor element (64) is thermally effectively connected to the at least one latent heat storage element (16). Energy storage device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one latent heat storage element (16) is coupled to a motor device (54), wherein the at least one latent heat storage element (16) can be accelerated and/or decelerated by means of the motor device (54). Energy storage device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermal storage device (12) and the kinetic storage device (14) are arranged within an interior space (26) of a housing (28) of the energy storage device, and characterized in that a negative pressure region is formed in the interior space (26) and/or that a gas atmosphere with a gas which has a lower density than air is formed in the interior space (26). Method for storing energy, in which thermal energy is stored by means of a thermal storage device (12), wherein the thermal storage device (12) has at least one latent heat storage element (16) for storing the thermal energy, in which kinetic energy is stored by means of a kinetic storage device (14), wherein the kinetic storage device (14) has at least one movable flywheel element (20) for storing the kinetic energy, wherein the at least one flywheel element (20) is at least partially formed by the at least one latent heat storage element (16) and wherein the at least one latent heat storage element (16) serves as a flywheel element (20) for storing the kinetic energy, in order to store the kinetic energy the at least one latent heat storage element (16) is set in motion and/or rotation and wherein the kinetic storage device (14) has at least one rotation element (22; 176; 190; 202) with a rotary element shaft (24; 106; 124; 178; 192) which is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the at least one latent heat storage element (16) and in which the thermal and kinetic energy is coupled into the energy storage device and/or decoupled from the energy storage device by means of a coupling device (30), wherein the coupling device (30) is assigned an electrical heating device (158) for coupling heat into the at least one latent heat storage element (16), wherein the electrical heating device (158) is arranged on the at least one latent heat storage element (16) and/or on the at least one rotary element (22; 176; 190; 202), and wherein the coupling device (30) is assigned a shaft heat exchange element (66; 120) for decoupled heat from the at least one latent heat storage element, wherein the shaft heat exchange element (66; 120) is arranged on the rotary element shaft (24; 106; 124; 178; 192) and/or is integrated into the rotary element shaft (24; 106; 124; 178; 192). * * *

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