DE102019104339A1 - Release system for a safety gear, elevator system and method for operating an elevator system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a release system (200) for a safety gear (230) which is attached to a counterweight (125), which is connected to a car via a suspension element that is guided by a drive pulley coupled to a drive, and which is guided in a shaft, or to the car (120) can be attached, wherein a standing clamping means (241) that can be clamped in the shaft, an actuating device (210), by means of which a force can be exerted on the clamping means (241) in the longitudinal direction of the clamping means if necessary, and a coupling device (220) , by means of which the clamping device (241) and the safety device (230) can be coupled in such a way that the safety device (230) can be triggered when the force is exerted on the clamping device (241), as well as an elevator system with such a trigger system (200) and a method for operating an elevator system.

Description

The present invention relates to a release system for a safety gear in an elevator installation, such an elevator installation and a method for operating an elevator installation.

State of the art

In addition to elevators or elevator systems with a car that is moved in one shaft, there are also elevators with two cars that are moved one above the other in the same shaft. This is particularly advantageous in high-rise buildings, as the available space can be better used. Such elevator systems are sold by the applicant under the brand TWIN.

When operating such an elevator system, care must then be taken that the two elevator cars do not come too close to one another and, in particular, do not touch one another. Particularly in critical situations in which, for example, both cars are moved in the same direction, but the car in front suddenly stops, emergency braking or an emergency stop may be necessary in order to prevent the two cars from colliding. A safety monitoring to prevent such a collision is, for example, from the EP 1 562 848 B1 known.

In such elevators, in addition to a service brake for the drive, in particular in the event that the braking effect of this service brake should not be sufficient, a safety device is usually provided on each of the two cars, by means of which a rapid descent or a crash of the car can be prevented. In addition, a braking device can be provided on the elevator car for the lower elevator car, by means of which an upward movement can be stopped quickly and safely. Such a braking device on the car is triggered by a cable brake, in the form of such a cable brake is for example from the EP 1 646 575 B1 known.

Instead of a braking device for the elevator car, it is also possible - at least for conventional elevator systems with only one elevator car in the shaft - to provide an interception device on the counterweight of the elevator car. However, especially in the case of elevator systems with two cars in the shaft and the arrangement of two counterweights next to one another, which is usually necessary as a result, the use of a mechanical speed limiter with a revolving rope is usually not possible. The electrical release of the safety gear on the car is also not possible due to the lack of a hanging cable.

Against this background, the task arises of a simple and / or efficient and / or safe solution for realizing a release of the braking device on the counterweight for braking in the upward direction for a car of an elevator system, in particular the lower car of an elevator system with two cars in one shaft to provide.

Disclosure of the invention

According to the invention, a release system for a safety gear, an elevator system and a method for operating an elevator system with the features of the independent patent claims are proposed. Advantageous configurations are the subject of the subclaims and the description below.

A release system according to the invention can be used for a safety gear, which can be attached to a counterweight connected to a car via a suspension element that is guided by a drive pulley coupled to a drive and guided in a shaft - or possibly also to the car. The suspension element can in particular be a tension suspension element such as a rope or a belt. Several ropes or belts are also conceivable. The safety device is in particular designed such that it can be brought into engagement with a guide rail or the like along which the counterweight is moved.

The release device has a standing tensioning device that can be tensioned in the shaft, in particular a rope, an actuating device by means of which a force can be exerted on the tensioning device in the longitudinal direction of the tensioning device, and a coupling device, by means of which the tensioning device and the safety gear can be coupled in such a way, that the safety gear can be triggered when the force is exerted on the rope.

As already mentioned at the beginning, circulating ropes are used for common speed limiters with which safety devices can be triggered, which are located in the shaft of an elevator system between the upper and lower end (usually the shaft head and shaft pit), i.e. between the areas in which the safety device is if it is arranged on the counterweight (or also on the car), can move, stretched between rollers.

In contrast to this, only one tensioning means or rope is used in the proposed release device, which can be tensioned in particular between the upper and lower end in the shaft, which means that significantly less free space is required in the shaft. The coupling device, by means of which a force can be exerted on the clamping means can therefore be arranged, for example, at the upper end or in the machine room, whereby it can also be triggered electrically in a particularly simple manner, since no electrical connection to the counterweight is necessary. At the upper end, the clamping means can be attached, for example, by means of the coupling device, which will be described in more detail later. At the lower end, the tensioning means can be fastened to the floor, for example, or it can be tensioned by a tensioning mass which is optionally also fastened to the floor. If necessary, a ratchet device or a freewheel can be provided here in order to prevent the tensioning means or rope from moving upwards on the tensioning mass and to absorb rope expansion.

By means of the coupling device, the force acting on the clamping device can be transmitted to the safety device, so that the safety device is triggered. For a possible embodiment of such a coupling device, reference is made to the remarks below.

Overall, in this way, a release system for a safety gear that can be attached to a counterweight is provided, which is particularly simple and space-saving and does not require any electrical connection to the safety gear itself or to the counterweight.

As already mentioned, it is preferred if the actuating device can be triggered electrically. For this purpose, the actuating device has in particular an electromagnet, by means of which the actuating device can be triggered. By means of an electromagnet, a counterpart can be held by electromagnetic force when the current is applied. By simply interrupting the current, for example by opening a switch, the coupling device - and thus the safety gear - can be triggered. In this context, the electromagnet is also referred to as a release magnet.

The actuating device preferably has a spring element and / or a lever arm, by means of which the force can be exerted on the clamping means directly or indirectly. For example, a spring element, for example a compression spring, can be used to exert a force on a lever arm to which the clamping means is also attached. By means of the aforementioned electromagnet, the lever arm can be held in an initial position, for example against the force of the spring element. When triggered, the force of the spring element can be released, as a result of which a force is exerted on the clamping means via the lever arm, and with which the safety device is triggered.

Furthermore, it is also preferred if a reset device is provided for the actuation device, in particular with a linear drive, by means of which the actuation device can be brought from an actuation position into a release position after being triggered. In this way, the actuating device can be brought back into the starting position particularly easily after a possible triggering. For this purpose, the resetting device can in particular also be designed such that it can be operated remotely. Such a reset device can in particular also (or only) be provided for the safety gear.

It is particularly preferred if the coupling device has an actuating element which, when the force is exerted on the clamping means, leads to the triggering or actuation of the safety gear. In particular, the coupling device for this purpose can have a guide system comprising the actuating element and guide elements, in which the clamping means is guided, the actuating element being movable relative to the guide elements and, in particular, being set up to be moved when the force is exerted on the clamping means. Both the guide elements and the actuating element can be designed as rollers along which the tensioning means or rope is moved. By means of a lateral offset and a suitable arrangement to one another, it can be achieved that the additional force exerted by the coupling device on the clamping means in the longitudinal direction is converted into a force with at least one component perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the clamping means.

If the actuating element is held in a regular state or a starting position by a spring element or the like against the force acting from the existing tension of the clamping means, then - with suitable dimensioning of such a spring element - it can be achieved that the additional force moves the actuating element. This actuating element can actuate or trigger the safety gear, for example by means of a suitable connecting mechanism. For a more detailed description of the coupling device, reference is also made at this point to the description of the figures.

The safety gear itself has safety wedges, for example, which can be brought between a guide rail for the counterweight and a counterpart. For example, brake pads that are pressed against the guide rail are also conceivable. Depending on the specific design of the safety gear, the coupling device can be designed to convert a movement of the actuating element into an actuation or triggering of the safety gear.

The invention also relates to an elevator system with at least one car that can be moved in a shaft, a counterweight that is connected to the car via a suspension element that is guided via a drive pulley coupled to a drive and that is guided in the shaft, a safety gear arranged on the counterweight and a release system according to the invention. It is particularly preferred if - as already mentioned - the actuating device is arranged in a machine room that includes the drive.

With regard to further advantages and refinements as well as a more detailed description of the elevator system, reference should also be made at this point to the above statements on the release system, which apply accordingly here.

Furthermore, it is particularly preferred if the elevator system has a further car, which is arranged above the car in the shaft and can be moved. This is where the advantages of the invention come into their own, since - as mentioned at the beginning - it has so far been difficult to provide safety devices on the counterweight precisely in such an elevator system due to the space requirements. It goes without saying that in the same way a safety gear can also be provided on a counterweight of the further car and triggered if necessary.

The safety device or a further safety device is preferably further coupled to the clamping device in such a way that the further safety device or devices is triggered when its speed relative to the clamping device exceeds a limit value. A conventional trigger mechanism for the safety gear can then be used, for example with a friction wheel, in order to provide a further safety level. The same rope can also be used here. In comparison to the release by means of the aforementioned release device, however, only speed-dependent release is usually possible here.

The elevator system advantageously also has a control device which is set up to detect a distance and / or a relative speed between the two cars and, if the distance or the relative speed falls below or exceeds an associated limit value, to actuate the actuation device. It should be noted here that if the distance falls below the limit value, it must be exceeded in the case of the relative speed.

A particularly effective and safe use of the proposed release device is thus possible. The control device used here can be, for example, a separate safety control device, or else a control device that is usually used anyway for the entire elevator system.

The invention also relates to a method for operating an elevator system with a car, for which a counterweight is provided which is connected to the car via a suspension element that is guided by a drive pulley coupled to a drive and is guided in a shaft. If necessary, a movement of the counterweight is braked by applying a force to a stationary tensioning device, in particular a rope, tensioned in the shaft in the longitudinal direction of the tensioning device by means of an actuating device, whereby a safety device attached to the counterweight is triggered by means of a coupling device .

The coupling device is preferably triggered only when the lower car moves upwards. This can be done, for example, using a suitable control device in which the direction of movement of the elevator car is known or recorded. A further car is advantageously also moved in the shaft above the (first and then lower) car. A distance and / or a relative speed between the two cars is then preferably also detected, and the coupling device is triggered if the distance or the relative speed falls below or exceeds an associated limit value. It should be noted here that if the distance falls below the limit value, it must be exceeded in the case of the relative speed.

With regard to further refinements and the advantages of the method according to the invention, in order to avoid repetitions, reference is made to the above statements on the release system and the elevator installation, which apply accordingly here.

Further advantages and configurations of the invention emerge from the description and the accompanying drawing.

It goes without saying that the features mentioned above and those yet to be explained below can be used not only in the respectively specified combination, but also in other combinations or alone, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

The invention is shown schematically in the drawing using an exemplary embodiment and is described below with reference to the drawing.

Figure list

• 1 shows schematically an elevator installation according to the invention in a preferred embodiment.
• 2 shows schematically a release system according to the invention in a preferred embodiment.
• 3 shows schematically part of the release system from 2 in more detail.
• 4th shows schematically part of the release system from 2 in more detail.

In 1 is a schematic of an elevator installation according to the invention 100 shown in a preferred embodiment. The elevator system 100 has a shaft 110 in which there are two cars one above the other, a lower car 120 and an upper car 121 . Both cars can be in the shaft 110 can be moved independently of each other. This can be done, for example, via a control device which is only indicated schematically here 190 take place, which for example also in the indicated engine room 160 at the top of the shaft 110 can be arranged.

This is for the lower car 120 a drive 161 with a traction sheave 162 in the engine room 160 intended. The drive is exemplarily on or on a floor 164 of the engine room 160 arranges. About the traction sheave 162 (and possibly also a deflection pulley, as shown) is a support means or tension support means designed here as a rope 111 out, by means of which the car 120 with an associated counterweight 125 connected is. That’s the car 120 and the counterweight 125 Movable up and down in opposite directions in the shaft.

For the upper car 121 is accordingly a counterweight 126 intended. The car 121 and the counterweight 126 can as well as the car 120 and the counterweight 125 be connected via a suspension element which is guided on a drive via a drive pulley. In the illustration shown, however, this is not shown for the sake of clarity.

The two counterweights 125 and 126 are in the shaft 110 arranged side by side, ie the vertical projections of the two counterweights on a floor of the shaft 110 lie next to each other. In particular, the two counterweights are also on or close to a wall of the shaft 110 arranged to ensure proper operation of the elevator system.

Furthermore is on the lower car 120 a safety gear 140 arranged to prevent the car from falling down in the shaft in an emergency 110 to prevent. Correspondingly is on the upper car 121 a safety gear 141 arranged.

In the elevator system shown here with two in the shaft 110 If the cars are on top of each other, it must be ensured that a collision between the two cars is reliably prevented. For a downward movement of the upper car, for example, the aforementioned safety device 141 is used, a further device is to be provided for the lower car to brake an - undesired - upward movement, for example if it comes too close to the upper car.

For this purpose, as mentioned, a monitoring of the distance and / or the relative speed of the two cars to one another can also be monitored, for example using the control device 190 and, if necessary, suitable sensors or the like.

For the lower car 120 a safety gear 230 on the associated counterweight 125 arranged. One of the speed of the counterweight 125 Independent triggering of this safety gear is, however, not possible with conventional means or only with considerable structural effort.

As mentioned, there is no hanging cable for such a counterweight that enables the safety gear to be triggered electrically. Known mechanical speed limiters require a revolving rope which, due to the arrangement of the two counterweights next to one another, as a rule cannot be used due to the limited free space. Likewise, as mentioned, only a speed-dependent triggering can generally take place.

There is now a release system for this safety gear 230 provided that a coupling device 220 on the counterweight 125 and an actuator 210 having that in the engine room 160 is arranged. For a more detailed description of this, reference is made to the following figures.

In 2 is a schematic of a release system according to the invention 200 shown in a preferred embodiment, for example with the in 1 shown elevator system or there existing safety gear on the counterweight can be used.

Here again, as in 1 indicated the actuator 210 in the engine room or on its floor 164 and the coupling device 220 together with the safety gear 230 on the counterweight 125 is arranged, shown.

There is also a tensioning means designed as a rope 241 shown between the actuator 210 and a tie rod 240 which can be arranged near the bottom or at the bottom of the shaft (for example in the shaft pit). The rope 241 can be tensioned with it. For this purpose, the tie mass 240 be fastened in particular by means of a ratchet device or a freewheel so that a movement of the rope upwards is not possible. However, it is also conceivable that the rope 241 is otherwise attached to the bottom of the shaft.

The rope continues to run 241 through the coupling device 220 through which the safety gear 230 can be triggered through. For a more detailed description see 3 referenced.

In 3 is schematically part of the release system 2 shown in more detail, in two views. A non-triggered position or an initial position of the triggering system is shown on the left, and a triggered position or an actuation position is shown on the right.

In the actuator 210 is the rope 241 attached to a lever arm that rotates around a pivot point 212 is rotatably mounted. By means of a spring element designed as a compression spring 213 becomes a force on the lever arm 211 exercised upwards. Here is an electromagnet 214 provided, the lever arm in the energized state 211 against the spring force of the spring element 213 as shown in the left figure.

In the coupling device 220 is now a guide system comprising two guide elements designed as guide rollers 223 and 224 as well as an actuating element designed as a roller 221 intended. The rope 241 is between the guide elements 223 and 224 deflected and over the actuator 221 guided. Through the tight rope 241 a force, here denoted by F _N , acts on the actuating element 221 exercised.

On the actuating element 221 is also another spring element designed as a tension spring 222 attached, by means of which a force, denoted here by F _F , against the force caused by the rope, on the actuating element 221 is exercised. The actuating element is in the normal state or in normal operation 221 in the position shown. This can be done by properly adjusting the tension of the rope 241 and the spring element 222 can be achieved, ie F _F > = F _N then applies.

The case on the right is now shown in which the release system 200 or the actuating device 210 and thus the interception device (this is also on 4th referenced) is triggered. By the electromagnet 214 Is switched currentless - for example by actively interrupting the power supply - the spring element 213 the lever arm 211 and with it the rope attached to it 241 Pull up or exert a force, here designated F _Z , on it. The solenoid is controlled or energized here, for example, by means of the control device mentioned.

This leads to being through the rope 241 an additional corresponding force F ' _z on the actuating element 221 is exerted so that the resulting force F _N + F ' _Z exerted by the rope exceeds the force F _{F of} the spring element (normal operation), ie F _N + F' _Z > F _F then applies. This is the actuator 221 moves until an equilibrium of forces has arisen, which triggers or actuates the safety gear 230 he follows.

In 4th is schematically part of the release system 2 shown in more detail. In particular here are the coupling devices 210 , as in 3 shown, and the safety gear 230 , shown here only schematically and as an example.

In the example shown, the safety gear has a lever arm system 232 on what they attach to the actuator 221 is connected. By moving the actuating element 221 in the event of a trip the trip system to the left as it relates to 3 was explained, so can by means of the lever arm system 221 a brake or safety wedge 231 between a guide rail and a counterpart pressed - or pulled - as indicated by the arrow.

It goes without saying that other types of safety gear, for example with safety wedges of a different type of connection or brake linings or the like, can also be used. These only have to be attached to the coupling device 210 be connected in such a way that they can be triggered or actuated by the movement of the actuating element 221 is made possible.

Overall, a space-saving option is thus provided by means of which For example, a safety gear can be triggered on a counterweight from the machine room and thus also in particular electrically.

It goes without saying that the triggering of the safety gear or the triggering system used for this purpose, as described in relation to the lower car and its counterweight, could also be used with a safety gear on the counterweight of the upper car, for example to prevent this upper car from colliding with a shaft ceiling prevent. Correspondingly, this can also be used in an elevator system with only one car with a counterweight.

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• EP 1562848 B1 [0003]
• EP 1646575 B1 [0004]

Claims (13)

Release system (200) for a safety device (230), which is connected to a car (120) via a support means (111) which is guided via a drive pulley (162) coupled to a drive (161) and in a shaft ( 110) guided counterweight (125) or can be attached to the car (120), characterized by a standing tensioning means (241) that can be tensioned in the shaft (110), an actuating device (210), by means of which a force (Fz) in The longitudinal direction of the clamping device can be exerted on the clamping device (241), and a coupling device (220) by means of which the clamping device (241) and the safety device (230) can be coupled in such a way that the safety device (230) when the force (Fz) is applied the rope (241) can be triggered. Release system (200) Claim 1 wherein the actuating device (210) can be triggered electrically, and in particular has an electromagnet (214) by means of which the actuating device (210) can be triggered. Release system (200) Claim 1 or 2 , wherein the actuating device (210) has a spring element (213) and / or a lever arm (211), by means of which the force (F _Z ) can be exerted on the clamping means (241) directly or indirectly. Release system (200) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the coupling device (220) has an actuating element (221) which, when the force (Fz) is exerted on the clamping means (241), actuates or releases the safety gear (230). Release system (200) Claim 4 , wherein the coupling device (220) has a guide system comprising the actuating element (221) and guide elements (223, 224) in which the tensioning means (241) is guided, the actuating element (221) being movable relative to the guide elements (223, 224) is, and is set up in particular to be moved when the force (Fz) is exerted on the clamping means (241). Elevator system (100) with at least one car (120) movable in a shaft (110), one with the car (120) via a suspension element (111) which is guided via a traction sheave (162) coupled to a drive (161), connected counterweight (125) guided in the shaft (110), a safety device (230) arranged on the counterweight (125) or the car (120) and a release system (200) according to one of the preceding claims. Elevator system (100) Claim 6 , wherein the actuating device (210) is arranged in a machine room (160) comprising the drive (162). Elevator system (100) Claim 6 or 7th , wherein the safety device (230) or a further safety device is further coupled to the tensioning means (241) in such a way that the (230) or the further safety device is triggered when its speed relative to the rope (241) exceeds a limit value. Elevator system (100) according to one of the Claims 6 to 8th , with a further car (121) which is arranged and movable in the shaft (110) above the car (120). Elevator system (100) Claim 9 , furthermore with a control device (190) which is set up to detect a distance and / or a relative speed between the two cars (120, 121), and if the distance or the relative speed falls below or exceeds an associated limit value, to operate the actuator (210). A method for operating an elevator system (100) with a car (120), for which one is connected and connected to the car (120) via a suspension element (111) which is guided via a traction sheave (162) coupled to a drive (161) A counterweight (125) guided in a shaft (110) is provided, characterized in that, if necessary, a movement of the counterweight (125) or the car (120) is braked by applying a force (Fz) by means of an actuating device (210) Standing tensioning means (241) tensioned in the shaft (110) is exerted in the longitudinal direction of the tensioning means, whereby a safety device (230) attached to the counterweight (125) or the car (120) is triggered by means of a coupling device (20). Procedure according to Claim 11 , in which the actuating device (220) is only triggered when the car (120) moves upwards. Procedure according to Claim 11 or 12 , in which a further car (121) is moved in the shaft (110) above the car (120), and in which a distance and / or a relative speed between the two cars (120, 121) is detected, and in which, if the distance or the relative speed falls below or exceeds an associated limit value, the actuating device (210) is triggered.

Images