DE102016122126B4 - Press and press process - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to create a very compact yet highly effective press, it is proposed according to the invention to design the press, which has a transverse press ram (3) and a longitudinal press ram (4), in such a way that neither the transverse press drive (13) nor the Longitudinal press drive (14) are located on the rear side of the respective press ram facing away from the press surface and in particular below the press mold (2) in the length range required anyway for press form (2) and extended piston rod (4a) of the longitudinal press ram (4).

Description

field of use

The invention relates to the pressing of elastic and / or plastic products, such as food, preferably a meat strand.

Technical background

The focus is not so much on compacting the product, but rather on shaping the mostly strand-shaped product to a predetermined cross-section, which should also be present in the end regions of the strand. On the contrary, excessive compression of the product is not desirable, since these products are mostly natural products, the internal structure of which would be destroyed by excessive compression.

A meat strand, for example, should have a constant cross section that is predetermined over the entire length, because slices are then to be cut from it, which should have a predetermined weight.

Since weight-accurate slices can only be created by controlling the thickness, but the cross-section of the meat strand is known, the meat strands must have a predetermined cross-section when sliced and always the same over the entire length of the meat strand.

In this context, combined press / cutting machines are already known which press the meat strand in one machine and in one work step and, in the pressed state, feed it to a cutting unit positioned immediately after the press mold. Such a combined machine naturally requires a much more complex structure than single machines for pressing on one hand and cutting open on the other.

• - entweder sehr große Mengen an Fleischsträngen aufgeschnitten werden sollen und/oder
• - wenn für das Verformen - abhängig vom Produkt, beispielsweise der Fleischsorte - eine nicht unerhebliche Haltezeit vor allem beim Quer-Verpressen benötigt wird, damit das Produkt und der daraus hergestellte Pressling zumindest über eine gewisse Zeit seinen Querschnitt behält und nach Entfernen des Druckes nicht sofort wieder rückverformt.

There are use cases where

• - either very large quantities of meat strands are to be cut open and / or
• - If - depending on the product, for example the type of meat - a not inconsiderable holding time is required for the shaping, especially during cross-pressing, so that the product and the compact made from it retain their cross-section at least for a certain time and not immediately after the pressure has been removed reshaped again.

In such cases, it may make sense to carry out the pressing, that is to say preforming, of the meat strand on the one hand and the cutting into slices on the other hand in two separate work processes and in particular separate machines.

In this case a separate press is required.

Such a separate press, which improves both in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction, is from the US 2565245 A known

Presentation of the invention

Technical task

It is therefore the object of the invention to provide such a generic press which is capable of applying high pressures and yet has a simple structure and is very narrow at least in one direction of extension in order to save space close to a cutting machine for slicing of the meat strand or another processing machine.

Solution of the task

This object is solved by the features of claims 1 and 17. Advantageous further developments result from the subclaims.

• Zum einen ist der Antrieb des Längs-Pressstempels, in der Regel ebenfalls ein Arbeitszylinder, analog ebenfalls nicht fluchtend auf der von der Pressfläche des Längs-Pressstempels abgewandten Rückseite angeordnet, sondern parallel zur Kolbenstange des Längs-Pressstempels und damit seitlich versetzt, vorzugsweise unterhalb, zur Pressform und in deren Längenbereich.

This object is achieved in a generic press for pressing elastic and / or plastic products, which is pressed both in the longitudinal direction and in a first transverse direction and has the components required for this, by making the following improvements:

• On the one hand, the drive of the longitudinal press ram, usually likewise a working cylinder, is likewise not arranged in alignment on the back facing away from the pressing surface of the longitudinal press ram, but parallel to the piston rod of the longitudinal press ram and thus laterally offset, preferably below, to the mold and in its length range.

This significantly reduces the size compared to a classic arrangement of the actuating longitudinal press drive, usually a threaded spindle, which is aligned with the feed direction of the longitudinal press ram.

Specifically, the drive for the longitudinal press ram is located in the length range between the loading face of the press mold and the rear end of the piston rod of the longitudinal ram, when it is withdrawn to the point where it is just inside the mold, especially the rear end of the mold.

Another possible measure - which can also be combined with the former - is that the cross-pressing die can rest against or be attached to a yoke projecting laterally, that is to say in a second transverse direction, over the press mold, or also functionally combined and in particular with such a yoke can be integrally formed together with this.

This makes it possible not to drive this cross-press ram by a drive - usually a threaded spindle - which is arranged on the back facing away from the pressing surface of the cross-press ram, which is the size and in particular in the case of an upwardly open recess Height of the machine is greatly increased, but to be arranged on the side next to the press mold at approximately its height by a working cylinder acting on each side of the yoke and thus on both sides of the press mold, which together with the yoke form a portal, and as a result the size of the press remains small .

The top view of the cross-pressing die is narrower than the recess of the mold, which is approximately U-shaped in cross-section - i.e. a base and two lateral flanks that run parallel to one another - so that it fits tightly into this recess. In this context, “product-tight” should be understood to mean that the gap between the side surfaces of the cross-pressing die and the flanks of the recess is too small to squeeze parts of the product through, but it is quite large enough for air to be trapped in the press mold or to let liquid emerge from the mold during pressing.

The same applies to the distance between the side surfaces of the longitudinal press ram and the surrounding inner surfaces of the mold during pressing and / or for the distance between the stop plate and the end face of the press mold in the closed state of the stop plate, which will be explained later.

With this press, as a rule - even in the retracted position - neither the transverse press ram and certainly not the longitudinal press ram completely protrudes from the U-shaped recess of the trough-shaped press mold, so that the press chamber is therefore always circumferentially closed around the longitudinal direction and at the rear end, the press end, is always closed by the longitudinal press stamp.

For this reason, both the loading and the unloading of the press is preferably carried out only through the front, front-side opening of the press space, the loading end face, that is to say from the loading end of the press mold. Alternatively, the loading could also take place through the exposed top of the trough-shaped press mold.

This is also possible in a simple manner in the form of a first solution, in that, before the front opening of the pressing chamber, either a conveyor which can be switched both as a loading conveyor and an unloading conveyor, that is to say in its transport direction, has a surface approximately at the level of the bottom of the U-shaped conveyor Recess is arranged in front of the mold.

A second solution consists in arranging a feed conveyor and a removal conveyor separately from one another in front of the loading end of the mold, which, however, preferably do not both reach the loading end of the mold.

In particular, the two conveyors, when viewed from above, are arranged in alignment with one another at a distance from the U-shaped, trough-shaped recess, of which the former is preferably located above the height level of the bottom and the latter below the height level of the bottom of the trough-shaped recess in the press mold.

In the gap that is created, a switching slide or a switching conveyor is arranged in front of the mold-side end of the trough-shaped recess in such a way that its top side - in a first variant only - on which a product can be transported, the gap between the loading-side end of the bottom of the mold and optionally closes the top of one of the two conveyors. For this purpose, the switching chute or the switching conveyor can preferably be pivoted about a pivot axis.

When the feed conveyor and the removal conveyor are arranged at a distance from one another, in this first variant this pivot axis runs in the first transverse direction and is preferably arranged close to or at the end of the switching slide or the switching conveyor on the mold side, so that its other end can be crossed back and forth between the feeding conveyor and the removal conveyor .

In a second variant, the switching chute or the switching conveyor comprises two switching chutes or switching conveyors arranged one above the other, on which a product can be transported.

In this second variant, this pivot axis likewise runs in the first transverse direction and is preferably arranged close to or at the end of the switching chute or the switching conveyor that is remote from the mold. This allows the front The end of the upper side, i.e. the transport surface, either the upper or lower switching slide or the switching conveyor, must be brought into alignment with the loading-side end of the bottom of the mold.

The cross die and the die preferably extend in the longitudinal direction over the same length, but at least the longitudinal extent of the cross die is at least 70%, better at least 80%, better at least 90%, the same as that of the die, and / or the mold is preferably arranged with its open longitudinal side pointing upwards, although this is not absolutely necessary for the implementation of the invention.

The direction of movement of the cross punch, which can move more or less far into the groove-shaped recess of the press mold, is referred to as the first transverse direction and the direction of movement of the longitudinal press punch as the longitudinal direction. In the present case, the third spatial direction, which is perpendicular to the first two directions, is referred to as the second transverse direction.

The one or preferably the plurality of transverse drives for the transverse press ram, namely present at each projecting end of each yoke, are also located within the length range of the press mold.

The yoke, which is fastened transversely to, preferably above, the transverse press ram, is designed as a portal, the freely ending legs of which extend along different sides of the press mold.

In particular, threaded spindles are suitable as a transverse press drive, of which, for example, a threaded sleeve is attached to the yoke or the free-end leg of the portal, into which a threaded rod can be screwed, which in turn preferably has a pinion at its free end.

The pinions of all threaded rods can be started synchronously by a common central gearwheel, which is then preferably located below the press mold and in its length range, and the gearwheel can be driven with only a single electric motor.

Ideally, the cross press ram is inserted into the press mold during the longitudinal pressing in such a position that the remaining cross section is just slightly larger than the cross section of the longitudinal press ram.

Since this is not always possible very precisely, the longitudinal press ram can preferably be resized in the first transverse direction, the transverse pressing direction, e.g. formed in two parts with two interlocking parts, which are spring-biased in the direction of moving apart, so that the free cross-section of the press chamber is always sufficiently completely filled by the longitudinal press ram.

The longitudinal press ram is preferably releasably attached to the piston rod, since on the one hand it is a wearing part, and on the other hand, different cross-sections of the press space are to be made possible under different circumstances by retracting the transverse press ram to different degrees.

The longitudinal press ram is either force-controlled or position-controlled. In the latter case, a position sensor is provided on the longitudinal press unit, either on the piston rod or on the longitudinal press ram, and the position of the longitudinal press ram is reported to the control.

A force-controlled longitudinal press ram has a force sensor or pressure sensor that measures the force or pressure with which the longitudinal press ram presses against the product. This can be, for example, a sensor that measures the current consumption of the longitudinal ram e.g. via a threaded drive motor, or this can be a pressure sensor in the case of a longitudinal press drive in the form of a working cylinder, which measures the pressure inside the working cylinder.

In any case, the length of the piston rod preferably corresponds at least to the length of the press mold, in particular less the length of the longitudinal press ram measured in the longitudinal direction.

As already explained above based on the specific drive of the cross press ram via threaded spindles, all existing yokes can generally be acted upon by a single QuerPress drive via crossbeams or portals, which greatly reduces the effort required for different components and thus the complexity of the press.

Preferably, the press mold and / or the transverse press ram and / or the longitudinal press ram have a vent opening which can open or close a connection between the press room and the surroundings, and with the help of which the press room can be vented by which at the beginning of the Pressing to allow any air still present in the press room to escape if the gap between the press rams and the surrounding one Press form in forgotten condition is not sufficient for this.

When pressing in the longitudinal direction, the longitudinal press ram presses the product in the longitudinal direction against a stop plate that closes the front, load-side end face of the press space, which preferably along guides, either from its own drive or from one of the other existing drives by means of a corresponding coupling, between an open position and a closed position can be moved back and forth. In the open position, the stop plate completely clears the end face of the pressing chamber, including the maximum possible cross section when the cross-pressing die is retracted to the maximum extent, in which it is just a short distance inside the pressing mold.

In the closed position, the stop plate lying directly in front of the end face, as close as possible to the press mold, completely closes the cross section of the press chamber.

In this way, dimensions of the press can be achieved that are very compact.

Viewed in the longitudinal direction, the transverse drive and / or the longitudinal drive can lie within the width range of the press mold and / or can extend at most in this transverse direction only over a width of at most 70 cm, better at most 60 cm, better at most 50 cm, better at most 45 cm .

At least the transverse drive and / or also the longitudinal drive are preferably located at a level below the press mold.

The longitudinal drive can thus comprise a threaded spindle, in particular a ball screw spindle, or a working cylinder, the direction of movement of which preferably runs in the longitudinal direction below the press mold and a longitudinally movable slide which can be moved along a longitudinal guide, on the one hand with the working cylinder and on the other hand with the Piston rod is connected.

The carriage can be L-shaped in particular in the side view, and the free end of the transverse leg of this L-shape can be connected to the free rear end of the piston rod.

The cross-sectional contour of the trough-shaped recess in the press mold can have a base which - preferably with rounded corners - runs approximately at a right angle to the side flanks, but in a preferred embodiment the base is inclined, so that it is with one Flank encloses an acute intermediate angle and with the other an obtuse intermediate angle. In this way, trapezoidal products can be better pressed in cross section.

1. a) Einführen des Produktes in Längsrichtung in die offene Lade-Stirnseite der Pressform,
2. b) Verfahren der Anschlagplatte in Querrichtung dicht vor der Lade-Stirnseite der Form in die Schließstellung, in der sie den freien Querschnitt des Pressraumes stirnseitig verschließt,
3. c) Vorwärts-Fahren des Quer-Pressstempels in der Pressform in Richtung des Bodens des Pressraumes bis zu einem festgelegten minimalen Querabstand,
4. d) Verharren des Quer-Pressstempels über eine vorgegebene Haltezeit,
5. e) gegebenenfalls Zurückfahren des Quer-Presstempels in Querrichtung bis zu einem Soll-Querabstand,
6. f) Vorwärts-Fahren des Längs-Pressstempels in Längsrichtung von der Press-Stirnseite in Richtung Lade-Stirnseite der Pressform und dabei Verpressen des Produktes,
7. g) Verfahren der Anschlagplatte in Querrichtung in die Offenstellung,
8. h) Ausschieben des zu einem Pressling verpressten Produktes aus der Lade-Stirnseite durch weiteres Vorwärts-Fahren des Längs-Pressstempels.

With regard to the pressing process, this task is solved by the following process steps:

1. a) inserting the product in the longitudinal direction into the open loading face of the press mold,
2. b) moving the stop plate in the transverse direction just before the loading face of the mold into the closed position, in which it closes the free cross section of the pressing space on the face,
3. c) driving the cross-punch in the press mold in the direction of the bottom of the press space up to a predetermined minimum cross-distance,
4. d) the cross ram remains for a predetermined holding time,
5. e) if necessary, retracting the transverse press ram in the transverse direction up to a desired transverse distance,
6. f) driving the longitudinal press ram forward in the longitudinal direction from the press end face in the direction of the loading end face of the press mold and thereby pressing the product,
7. g) moving the stop plate in the transverse direction into the open position,
8. h) pushing the product pressed into a compact out of the loading face by moving the longitudinal ram further forward.

This results in a process sequence with very short reloading times and thus high efficiency.

This can be further increased by, before step g), that is to say before the stop plate is moved into the open position, the longitudinal press die is moved a short distance back from its pressed position in order to remove the pressure from the stop plate, so that the pressure can be shifted the drive power required can be kept low.

The longitudinal press ram is moved forward during the longitudinal pressing process, either up to a fixed longitudinal position, but this is only possible with very uniform products.

As a rule, the longitudinal press ram is moved forward during longitudinal pressing until a predetermined force or pressure on the product is reached. It remains in this press position - regardless of whether the Longitudinal press ram is position-controlled or force-controlled - over a certain holding time in position, which is determined depending on the product to be pressed, since some product types require a relatively long holding time in order not to allow the reshaping to take place after releasing the pressing force, or only to do so very slowly .

When the pressed compact made from the product is pushed out of the loading end of the press room, the discharge conveyor is started in good time beforehand or a combined feed / discharge conveyor in the discharge direction is started, which means that the energy consumption of a constantly running Is avoided.

If there is a height-adjustable, i.e. upwards or downwards, slide chute in front of the loading face of the press room - which can also be a switching conveyor belt - this can be used when loading with the free end upwards and when unloading pivoted with its free end down.

In a further improved embodiment, the product to be pressed is measured before its introduction, that is to say before step a), with regard to its maximum cross section transversely to the longitudinal direction of the generally elongated product, and with a cross section which is too large for the previous retracted position of the cross press ram the cross ram is retracted further from its normal loading position, but preferably it still remains at least partially in the first cross direction within the mold.

Embodiments

• 1a, b: die Presse betrachtet in Längsrichtung mit einer ersten Querschnittsform der Pressform, teilweise in Schnittdarstellung,
• 1c: einen horizontalen Teilschnitt durch die Presse,
• 2a - e: die Presse mit einet ersten Variante eines Ladesystem in der Seitenansicht auf die Längsrichtung in verschiedenen Funktionsstellungen,
• 3a, b: die Presse mit einer zweiten Variante eines Ladesystem in der Seitenansicht in verschiedenen Funktionsstellungen,
• 4: betrachtet in Längsrichtung eine zweite Querschnittsform der Pressform,

Embodiments according to the invention are described in more detail below by way of example. Show it:

• 1a, b : the press viewed in the longitudinal direction with a first cross-sectional shape of the press mold, partly in a sectional view,
• 1c : a partial horizontal section through the press,
• 2a - e: the press with a first variant of a loading system in a side view on the longitudinal direction in various functional positions,
• 3a, b : the press with a second variant of a loading system in a side view in different functional positions,
• 4th : viewed in the longitudinal direction a second cross-sectional shape of the mold,

A product P, as shown in the figures, is pressed by means of the press, the press mold 2nd one open at the top, lengthways 10th running channel with a U-shaped internal cross-section, the channel-shaped recess 9 , is the over the course direction, ie in the longitudinal direction 10th , does not change.

In the open interior of the mold 2nd protrudes - like that 2a to e can be recognized, about the same length - cross press stamp 3rd into it, which is formed in the form of strips and viewed in the longitudinal direction that for 1a, b has a width which is exactly in the inner free space of the U-profile, that is to say the channel-shaped press mold 2nd , fits into it and can be moved up and down in it, which means that the free cross-section of this press room 21 in this first transverse direction 11.1 can change.

In 1a is the cross press stamp 3rd shown in its raised loading position, in which its lower end is just inside the U-shaped recess 9 in the mold 2nd located.

In 1a, b it can be seen that the the floor 21a of the press room 21 facing bottom, the press side 3a , of the cross press stamp 3rd in its cross-section on the longitudinal outer edges each has an approximately triangular projection with a concave rounding and also the inner corners of the cross-section of the press mold 2nd are rounded, creating the press room 21 in this first cross-sectional shape has a rectangular cross-sectional shape with rounded corners,

The cross-sectional shape of the press room 21 but can also be shaped differently, particularly diamond-shaped, trapezoidal or pear-shaped.

• Die Kolbenstange 4a trägt die an ihrem vorderen Ende den Längs-Pressstempel 4, welcher gemäß der 2a - e sich von der rechten offenen Stirnseite, der Press-Seite, her eingeschoben bereits im Pressraum 21 befindet - und diesen auch nie verlässt - aber mittels der Kolbenstange 4a in Richtung linkes Ende, das Belade-Ende der Pressform 2 vorgeschoben werden kann.

The length of the press in the longitudinal direction 10th is reduced according to the invention:

• The piston rod 4a carries the longitudinal press stamp at its front end 4th which according to the 2a - e is inserted from the right open end, the press side, already in the press room 21 located - and never leaves - but by means of the piston rod 4a towards the left end, the loading end of the mold 2nd can be advanced.

A longitudinal drive 14 , be it the threaded spindle shown here or another drive, is located below the mold 2nd , wherein the movable end of the longitudinal drive, for example a threaded spindle 14 , via a cross connector 22 with the rear end of the piston rod 4a of the longitudinal press ram 4th connected while that other end of the lead screw 14 stationary with the base frame 1 connected is.

The cross connector 22 could in turn improve longitudinal stabilization along 10th be guided and be designed in this side view in particular L-shaped, then one leg in the longitudinal direction 10th runs, the other in the transverse direction for connection to the piston rod 4a of the longitudinal press ram 4th .

In this way it is in the longitudinal direction 10th Length required for the press is hardly more than twice the length of the press mold 2nd , in particular not more than an additional 20%, better not more than an additional 10%, twice the length of the mold 2nd .

For pressing the cross-die against the product P, so that its cross-section matches the inner cross-section of the press chamber 21 The cross press ram can, in particular additionally, adapt as completely as possible 3rd not, as usual, from one of the rear facing upwards 3b from the protruding drive such as a threaded spindle, but instead lies on the back 3b of the cross press ram 3rd a yoke 6 on which is in the 1a, b visible second transverse direction 11.2 to the longitudinal direction 10th extends during the first transverse direction 11.1 the direction of movement of the cross ram 3rd is.

The yoke 6 has such a length that it is laterally over the outer edge of the die 2nd protrudes and there each of the upper ends on a height-adjustable, on the base frame 1 Attached vertical strut is attached, causing the yoke 6 to a portal.

In this case, the length-adjustable vertical struts each consist of a threaded sleeve 19 ' that are at the bottom of the yoke 6 left and right of the mold 2nd are attached and a threaded rod rotatable therein 19th .

The threaded rod 19th carries a non-rotatable with the threaded rod in the lower area 19th connected pinion 18th , the pinion 18th of the two in 1a, b left and right of the mold 2nd threaded rods extending downward 19th from a common gear 16 be driven, preferably in a plane parallel to the ground 21a of the press room 21 lies to one in the first transverse direction 11.1 extending axis of rotation 16 ' is rotatable. This will remove the two sprockets 18th , especially the pinions 18th all threaded rods 19th the press, driven synchronously. This central gear 16 is rotated under the control of a motor M by means of a controller 20 , creating a transverse drive 13 is realized.

Like the side view of the 2nd shows, are spaced in the longitudinal direction above the cross-punch 3rd in this case two yokes to each other 6 on the top of the cross punch 3rd both with lateral vertical trusses to a portal 6 are completed, just above the base frame shown here as a plate 1 again the pinions and the central gear can be recognized, in which case the central gear can drive all four pinions belonging to the two portals at once.

Since there is now above the cross press ram 3rd only the comparatively flat traverse 6 of the portal, the height of the press does not go significantly above the top of the press room 2nd and / or cross press stamp 3rd - depending on the position of the function.

Because the longitudinal press stamp 4th the press end 2 B of the press room 21 in the mold 2nd keeps the press room closed 21 between cross press stamp 3rd and mold 2nd only from the other, the accessible loading face 2a , i.e. from the loading end, loading and unloading.

On this loading front 2a can the free cross section of the press room 21 through a stop plate 5 completely closed or completely released, for this purpose preferably in one of the transverse directions to the longitudinal direction 10th movable or parallel to the longitudinal direction 10th extending pivot axis is pivotable.

For loading and unloading as in the 2a - e shown in different functional positions one above the other a feed conveyor 8a and a conveyor 8b be present, of which the former is above and the latter below the level of the ground 21a the recess 21 in the mold 2nd located and both at a distance from the mold 2nd end up.

This gap in the longitudinal direction is bridged by a swivel conveyor 12th or a swivel slide 12th that are at or just below the loading end of the floor 21a the groove-shaped recess 21 in the mold 2nd is pivotally mounted about a pivot axis extending in the horizontal transverse direction 12 ' , so that the loading end of the top of the swivel conveyor 12th about at ground level 21a the recess 21 located.

The swivel conveyor 12th has such a length that it can be pivoted accordingly his from the press 2nd distant end just before one of the two sponsors 8a , b ends.

In the swiveled up position one can on the upper feed conveyor 8a introduced product P to be compressed from the feed conveyor 8a on the raised swivel conveyor 12th are thrown and - as in 2a shown - the product P is along the swivel conveyor 12th or the swivel slide 12th inside the press room 21 transported in - as in 2 B shown - or is pushed in by appropriate tools.

The cross press stamp is located here 3rd in a loading position so far raised that the new product P is in the press mold 2nd can drive in. As a rule, knowing the size of the products to be processed, the operator can manually specify one of several loading positions for the control beforehand.

The cross-pressing ram is in the loading position 3rd with its lowermost part, preferably just in the recess 21 , but could also be completely upwards out of the recess 21 have fallen out, leaving the press room 21 has a maximum large cross section. The longitudinal press stamp 4th is in the maximum retracted position to the right, in which it is preferably just partially inside the mold 2nd finds.

Once this is done, move according to 2c the stop plate 5 in the closed position - in this case moved by its own working cylinder - and thereby closes the loading end 2a of the press room 21 , so that the longitudinal press stamp 4th - after taking up the pressing position of the cross press ram 3rd - in the press room 21 product P located in the longitudinal direction 10th against the stop plate 5 pressed and this in 2d shown press position is held over the predetermined holding time.

Then the longitudinal press stamp 4th withdrawn somewhat to the product P the stop plate 5 to relieve, and also the cross-press stamp 3rd slightly raised so that after releasing the loading end of the press room 21 by the stop plate 5 has moved into the open position, the longitudinal press ram 4th the product P from the press room 21 push it out and onto the swivel conveyor which is swiveled downwards into the discharge position 12th can push out - as in 2e shown -, from which the product now pressed to a compact P 'on the conveyor 8b arrives and can be transported away from it.

In the 3a, b is shown a solution in which the switching conveyor 12th consisting of two stacking switching conveyors 12a , b exists, which are preferably firmly connected to each other at their mutual distance, and together about a pivot axis 12 ' are pivotable, which are also in the second transverse direction 11.2 runs, but at the distal end of the switching conveyor 12th is located, in this case coinciding with the axis of the deflection pinion there for the lower switching conveyor 12b , which is in the form of an endless, rotating conveyor belt.

About this pivot axis 12 ' can the entire switching conveyor 12th be pivoted so that either the top of the top 12a or the top of the bottom 12b Switch conveyor with the floor 21 a of the press room 21 roughly aligned and closely adjacent to this ends.

The conveyor 8b is in the longitudinal direction 10th closely adjacent and with its top aligned with the top, the transport surface, the lower switching conveyor 12b or a little below. Due to the arrangement of the swivel axis 12 ' in the deflecting pinion of this lower switching conveyor, which faces away from the shape 12th , b this is the case in both switch positions.

The feeder 8a is above the conveyor 8b arranged at such a height or above and in the longitudinal direction 10th closely adjacent to the top of the upper shift conveyor 12a when it is in the pivoted down position, the loading position is in the top of the upper shift conveyor 12a about with the bottom 21a of the press room 21 flees.

As the 3a, b show, this solution will almost always be switch conveyor 12a , b , act, because to use shift slides in their place, a very large mutual distance between them is necessary and a very large swivel angle between the two switch positions.

• Dabei liegt der Boden 2.3 der Innen-Kontur der rinnenförmigen Pressform 2 schräg zu den beiden parallel zueinander verlaufenden Flanken 2.1 und 2.2, und nimmt somit zu der einen Flanke 2.1 einen stumpfen Zwischenwinkel und zu der anderen Flanke 2.2 ein spitzen Zwischenwinkel ein, die jedoch beide abgerundet sind.

4th shows a cross-sectional shape of the die that differs from the previous figures 2nd and thus also the press room 21 :

• The floor is there 2.3 the inner contour of the trough-shaped mold 2nd diagonally to the two parallel flanks 2.1 and 2.2 , and thus increases to the one flank 2.1 an obtuse intermediate angle and to the other flank 2.2 an acute intermediate angle, but both are rounded.

Because the press area 3a of the cross press ram 3rd approximately at right angles to the direction of the flanks 2.1 and 2.2 runs, and if it is inclined, then preferably at most as strong as the ground 2.3 a better cross section of the press room 21 , which is roughly pear-shaped or trapezoidal, which allows more gentle pressing for corresponding product cross-sections.

Reference list

1

frame

2nd

Mold

2a

Loading end, loading end

2 B

Press end face, press end

3rd

Cross press stamp

3a

Press page

3b

back

4th

Longitudinal press stamp

4a

Piston rod

5

Stop plate

6

Yoke, portal

6a

traverse

7

Transverse distance

8a

To-sponsor

8b

From conveyor

8a + b

In / out conveyor

9

Recess

10th

Longitudinal direction

11.1

first transverse direction

11.2

second transverse direction

12, 12a, b

Switching chute, switching conveyor

12 '

Swivel axis

13

Cross press drive, cross motor

14

Longitudinal press drive, threaded spindle

15

sensor

16

gear

16 '

Axis of rotation

17th

Target transverse distance

18th

pinion

19th

Threaded rod

19 '

Threaded sleeve

20

control

21

Press room

21a

ground

22

Cross connector, slide

P

Product, meat strand

P '

Pellet

Claims (21)

Press for an elastic and / or plastic product (P), in particular a meat strand (P), with - a frame (1), - a press mold (2) with an open long side in the form of a groove-shaped in the longitudinal direction (10) formed therein running, in cross-section approximately U-shaped recess (9), - in the longitudinal direction (10) extending cross-press ram (3) which fits into the recess (9) of the mold (2) and which in a first transverse direction (11.1 ) can be moved in the longitudinal direction (10) at least within the recess (9) relative to the press mold (2), - a longitudinal press ram (4) which can be moved in the longitudinal direction (10) and which goes from the press end face (2b) into the press chamber ( 21) fits between the mold (2) and the recess (9), - a stop plate (5) which can be moved in the first transverse direction (11.1) and which can be moved in a controlled manner between a closed position and an open position, and on the loading end face (2a), is arranged - a controller (20) that the movement controls all movable components of the press, characterized in that - the drive (14) for the longitudinal press ram (4) is arranged in a transverse direction at a distance from the longitudinal press ram (4) or its piston rod (4a), - in a longitudinal area , which overlaps with the longitudinal region of the mold (2). Press after Claim 1 , characterized in that - the transverse press ram (3) lies product-tight in the recess (9) of the press mold (2), - the longitudinal press ram (4) fits tightly between the press mold (2) and the recess (9) , - in particular if the cross-press ram (3) is at a predetermined nominal cross-distance to the bottom of the U-shaped recess (9) of the press mold (2), - the stop plate (5) on the loading face (2a) product - fits tightly, Press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive (14) for the longitudinal press ram (4) in the first transverse direction (11.1) is arranged at a distance from the longitudinal press ram (4) or its piston rod (4a). Press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the transverse press ram (3) with its rear side (3b) facing away from its pressing surface (3a) protrudes laterally in at least one side in a second transverse direction (11.2) beyond the pressing mold (2) Yoke (6) abuts and - the transverse press ram (3) is attached to the yoke (6) or is formed in one piece with this yoke (6), Press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the longitudinal extent of the transverse press ram (3) is at least 70%, better at least 80%, better at least 90% the same as that of the press mold (2). and / or - the drive (14) for the longitudinal press ram (4) in the length range from the loading face (2a) of the press mold (2) to the rear end of the piston rod (4a) in its retracted position so that the longitudinal ram (4) is just inside the mold (2), is arranged, in particular in the length region of the mold (2). Press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the pressing mold (2) is arranged with its open longitudinal side pointing upwards, and / or - the transverse drive (13) for the transverse pressing die (3) is spaced apart in the first transverse direction (11.1) to the press mold (2) in the longitudinal region from the loading face (2a) of the press mold (2) to the rear end of the piston rod (4a) in its retracted position so that the longitudinal press punch (4) is just inside the press mold (2) is located, is arranged or is arranged in the length region of the press mold (2), in particular in the length region of the press mold (2). Press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the yoke (6) is designed as a portal, the free-ended legs of which extend along different sides of the press mold (2), and / or - several, spaced apart in the longitudinal direction (10), in particular two yokes (6), in particular portals (6), are present in the length region of the cross-pressing die (3). Press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - either in front of the loading end face (2a) of the press mold (2), a separate feed conveyor (8a) and discharge conveyor (8b) each run at a distance from one another and can be driven in a controlled manner, and a switching conveyor (12 ) or a switching slide (12) between the loading face (2a) of the press mold (2) on the one hand and feed conveyor (8a) and discharge conveyor (8b) on the other. - The switching conveyor (12) or the switching slide (12) can be shifted between two switching positions, in particular can be pivoted about a pivot axis (12 '), which preferably runs in the second transverse direction (11.2), or in front of the loading end face (2a ) of the press mold (2) a combined feed / discharge conveyor (8ab) is arranged, the support surface of which runs at a height level approximately at the bottom of the press chamber (21) in the longitudinal direction (10) and can be driven in a controlled manner. Press after Claim 8 , characterized in that either - the, in particular only one, upper side of the switching conveyor (12) or the switching chute (12) is arranged at the mold-side end approximately at the level of the bottom of the U-shaped recess (9) of the press mold (2) and - is arranged at a short distance from the pressing chamber (21), - the swivel axis (12 ') is arranged at the mold-side end of the switch chute (12) or the switch conveyor (12) and - the end of the switch chute (12) or the switch conveyor (12) facing away from the mold ends in one switching position closely adjacent to the feed conveyor (8a) and in the other switching position closely adjacent to the discharge conveyor (8b), or - the switching conveyor (12) or the switching slide (12) has two switching conveyors (12a, b) or switching slides arranged at a distance from one another (12a, b), of which at the end facing away from the shape in one switching position one ends close to the feed conveyor (8a) and in the other switching position the other ends close to the discharge conveyor (8b), - di e pivot axis (12 ') is arranged on the end of the switching chute (12) or the switching conveyor (12) facing away from the shape, so that - in the one switching position, the top of the one switching conveyor (12) on the end of the switching chute (12) or the switching conveyor (12) 12a) or the switching slide (12a) and in the other switching position the top of the other switching conveyor (12b) or the switching slide (12b) approximately at the level of the bottom of the U-shaped recess (9) of the mold (2) and closely adjacent to it ends. Press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the press comprises a sensor (15), in particular a pressure sensor or a force sensor, which measures the force or the pressure with which the longitudinal press ram (4) presses against the product (100 ) and reports this value to the control (20) and / or the longitudinal press ram (4) is detachably and replaceably attached to a piston rod (4a). Press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the piston rod (4a) plus the longitudinal press ram (4), measured in the longitudinal direction (10), corresponds at least to the length of the press mold (2), - in particular the piston rod (4a) plus the longitudinal press ram (4) have a length such that the front end face of the longitudinal press ram (4) can reach the loading end face (2a) of the press mold (2). Press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - a single transverse press drive (13) drives all existing yokes (6) or crossbars or portals (6) together, - in particular via a gear transmission with a gear (16), the axis of rotation thereof (16 ') runs in a transverse direction, and with its circumferential toothing, mesh a plurality of sprockets (18) distributed over the circumference with their circumferential toothings, which are non-rotatably connected to a threaded rod (19) which engages with a threaded sleeve (19') stand, which form the freely ending legs of the portals (6). Press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the press mold (2) and / or the transverse press punch (3) and / or the longitudinal press punch (4) and / or the stop plate (5) has a vent opening for venting the press room (21). Press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the longitudinal press ram (4) is designed to be resizable in the first transverse direction (11.1), in particular is telescopic or in particular is formed from two rake-like parts which can be moved into one another in the first transverse direction (11.1). Press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the longitudinal drive (14) comprises a threaded spindle (14), the direction of movement of which extends in the longitudinal direction (10), and a slide (22) movable in the longitudinal direction (10), which in particular along a longitudinal guide, can be moved in the longitudinal direction (10), and - in particular the slide (22) is L-shaped in side view, and that the free end of the transverse leg of this L-shape is connected to the free rear end of the piston rod (4a) is. Press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the transverse drive (13) and / or the longitudinal drive (14) viewed in the longitudinal direction lie in the width range of the press mold (2) measured in the second transverse direction (11.2) and / or - the transverse drive (13) and / or the longitudinal drive (14) considered in the longitudinal direction maximally in the second transverse direction (11.2) over a width of 70 cm, better 60 cm, better 50 cm, better 45 cm , extend and / or - the transverse drive (13) and / or the longitudinal drive (14) are at a height below the press mold (2). Pressing process for the longitudinal and transverse pressing of an elastic and / or plastic product, in particular a strand of meat, with a press according to one of the preceding claims, with the following steps: a) introducing a product (P) in the longitudinal direction (10) into the open loading end face (2a) of the press mold (2), b) Moving the stop plate (5) in a transverse direction (11), preferably product-tight, in front of the loading end face (2a) of the mold (2) into the closed position, in which it closes the free cross section of the pressing chamber (21) on the end face , c) driving the cross-punch (3) in the mold (2) in a first transverse direction (11.1) in the direction of the bottom of the pressing space (21) up to a defined minimum transverse distance (7) between the bottom and the pressing surface ( 3a) of the cross press ram (3), d) the cross ram (3) remains for a predetermined holding time, e) if necessary, retracting the transverse press ram (3) in the first transverse direction (11.1) up to a desired transverse distance (17), f) driving the longitudinal press ram (4) in the longitudinal direction (10) from the press end face (2b) towards the loading end face (2a) of the press mold (2) and thereby pressing the product (P), g) moving the stop plate (5) in the transverse direction (11) into the open position, h) pushing the product (P) pressed into a compact (P ') out of the loading end face (2a) by moving the longitudinal press plunger (4) further forward. Pressing process after Claim 17 , characterized in that the longitudinal pressing die (4) is moved a short distance back from its pressing position before step g). Pressing method according to one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that the longitudinal press ram (4) is moved forward either to a fixed longitudinal position or until the pressure or the applied force from the longitudinal press ram (4) has reached a predetermined limit value, i.e. either position controlled or force controlled. and or a discharge conveyor (8b) arranged in front of the loading end face (2a) is put into operation during the pushing out of the compact (P '). Pressing method according to one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that between the loading and unloading a switching chute (12) or switching conveyor (12) arranged in front of the loading end face (2a) and preferably extending in the longitudinal direction (10) into its loading position or in their unloading position is pivoted. Pressing method according to one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that before the introduction of the product (P) in step a), the cross-section of the product (P) is measured and, if the cross-section is too large, it is either discarded or the cross-punch (3) compared to the normal one Loading position is further reduced, but at least partially remains in the mold (2) in the first transverse direction (11.1).

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