DE102016115845A1 - Method for producing a cladding for a building - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a cladding and a method for producing a cladding for at least a portion of a structure comprising the steps of: detecting the dimensions of the portion of the building to be clad, digital storage of the dimensions and determining the installation dimensions of the cladding. In order to provide a method for producing a lining for a building and a corresponding cladding, with which the assembly of the cladding is simplified, it is provided that made on the basis of the determined installation dimensions of the cladding with composable to the cladding largely dimensionally accurate components factory and at least two components mutually corresponding locking profiles for adhesive-free connection of the two components are arranged.

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing a cladding for a building according to the preamble of claim 1 and a corresponding cladding according to the preamble of claim 11.

Claddings for a building, hereinafter also called building cladding, are known, inter alia, as wall coverings, ceiling panels or staircase coverings. They are used, for example, for a decorative enhancement of the respective structure.

The individual components of a building cladding are usually factory-made with universal dimensions. The adaptation of the components to the exact installation dimensions is carried out at the installation site, taking into account the installation dimensions to be determined during installation. During assembly, the adapted components are connected to each other and each with the building.

Both the adaptation of the individual components to the installation dimensions and the production of the connection of the individual components with each other and with the building is time-consuming and requires a special qualification of the installer to avoid later occurring damage and safety risks. A high qualification is all the more necessary the more complicated the structure is formed. In particular, cladding for stairs are mounted almost exclusively by suitably trained and specialized professionals.

The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method for producing a covering for a building and a corresponding panel, with which the assembly of the panel is simplified.

The invention solves the problem by a method having the features of claim 1 and with a cladding for a building with the features of claim 11.

Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims. In this case, all the features described in principle or in any combination are fundamentally the subject of the invention, regardless of their summary in the claims or their dependency.

The inventive method for producing a cladding for a building, comprising the steps of: detecting the dimensions of the cladding portion of a building, digital storage of the dimensions and determination of the installation dimensions of the cladding, factory-making a cladding kit with composable components to the cladding, wherein the components Based on the determined installation dimensions are made to measure and have at least two components mutually corresponding locking profiles for adhesive-free connection of the two components.

The preparation of dimensionally suitable components advantageously allows a particularly simple assembly of the individual components of the trim kit to the panel. In combination with the likewise particularly easy-to-install corresponding locking profiles on the components, a structural cladding is provided by the inventive method, which can be mounted by a fitter without special qualifications.

By tailor-made it is understood that on-site, that is to say at the installation site and during installation, at most sections are adapted to components on which no corresponding locking profiles are arranged. In other words, the sections of a component on which corresponding locking profiles are arranged are no longer adapted on-site by the customer when made to measure. Thus, for example, in a tailor-made preparation of a trim kit for stairs a tread trim component and a Setzstufenverkleidungsbauteil made in their width (depth of the tread or height of the riser) accurately and, for example, provided on at least one longitudinal side with a locking profile, during one or both Longitudinal components have an excess and be shortened accordingly during assembly at the construction site at the ends.

The detection preferably takes place in detail, that is to say that the dimensions of the section of the building to be covered are accurately measured down to 1 mm, preferably up to 0.5 mm, and particularly preferably to 0.1 mm. For the purposes of the invention, corresponding dimensions, inclinations, unevennesses or, for example, arcuate progressions of individual sections of surfaces and edges of the structure may also be detected for the dimensions.

Under a section, individual areas of the building, such as, for example, stairs and / or risers a staircase or the entire structure can be understood.

The storage of the recorded building dimensions on a digital medium allows the subsequent processing of the data and a particularly simple determination of the installation dimensions of the structural cladding. In this way, the dimensions and shapes of the individual components to be assembled into the structural cladding or of components that can be assembled into one component at the factory can be determined in a particularly simple manner.

The detection can for example be done manually, the time required for this and the error rate are particularly high. The data collected in this way must be entered into the storage medium in order to process it digitally. The transfer of the data into the storage medium can represent an additional source of error. Therefore, detection is particularly preferably carried out by means of a scanner, for example a laser scanner, which records the dimensions, shapes, etc. of the structural section in detail and forwards them to a digital storage medium.

Installation dimensions are understood to mean the dimensions and shapes of the panel to be installed. The installation dimensions may differ from the room dimensions. For example, shadow joints, expansion joints, balancing bodies, spaces for fastening devices such as corresponding suspension devices or studs and / or for connecting means, such as foams, screws, nails, claws or the like. taken into account in the determination of the installation dimensions and planned with.

Under mutually corresponding locking profiles are arranged on the components profilings understood that are interlockable and adhesive-lockable with each other. Corresponding locking profiles ensure a secure connection between several components. The locking profiles can be arranged at the edges of the components and / or in the region of the surfaces of the components.

The corresponding locking profiles are used as locking profiles, i. for mutual locking, formed. In this case, the profiles are designed, in particular, as rotary profiles and / or pivoting profiles (in the following also pivot-swivel profiles), as interlocking locking profiles or as vertical latching profiles.

A vertical latching profile is understood to mean a latching profile in which the two profiles of the components to be connected can be brought into one another in a direction pointing perpendicularly to the top, in accordance with, for example, a push-button profile. Also, vertical locking profiles are understood to mean locking profiles in which the two profiles to be joined (scissor-like) can be folded into one another by a direction pointing 90 ° to the longitudinal axis of the profiles (which can be brought into one another). Both rotary-swivel profiles as well as vertical locking profiles, two components can be arranged so that the components in the locked state in a plane (angle α = 180 °) or such that the surface planes of the two interlocked structure at an angle α ≠ 180 ° or α ≠ 360 °, for example. At an angle of substantially 90 °, are aligned with each other.

Under a rotary-pivot profile locking profiles can be understood in which the locking operation of the corresponding locking profiles to be joined together comprises a rotational and / or pivoting movement about a longitudinal axis extending in the profile direction.

The locking profiles may have a separate locking body. The separate locking body is a non-formed from the body separate component that engages in the profiles of the locking profile, locked in this and the building adhesive-free interconnects (locked together). The separate components can, for example, consist of plastic.

The arrangement of the locking profiles is preferably such that respectively on two opposite sides of a building, for example. On two transverse sides and / or two longitudinal sides, corresponding locking profiles are arranged. Depending on the design of the panel, for example, in a flat panel vertical locking profiles on two transverse sides (eg., The shorter sides of a component) and / or rotary-pivot profiles or nestable locking profiles on two long sides (eg., The longer sides of a component ) of the components are arranged.

In the formation of an angular cladding of two components is advantageously at least a first profiling of a locking profile on a longitudinal side of a first component (ie in the direction of the surface plane) and a corresponding thereto second profiling of the locking profile in the region of a surface of a second component (ie in the direction extending transversely to the surface plane).

While the components form the kit that can be assembled into the panel, the individual components can be made from one or more components. That is, in the manufacture of the components, a component can be reshaped or several components can be reshaped and insoluble (non-destructive) are connected together to form a component. Accordingly, components may be used in the manufacture of the kit which have prior to making the trim kit corresponding locking profiles. That is, at least partially prefabricated components / components can be used for factory production of the trim kit. For example, even components that are already custom-made can be used unchanged as a component.

For the purposes of the invention, however, under the structure eg. Walls, ceilings and stairs but no floors understood. In particular, the structural body may be a staircase, so that, as a structural cladding, it is particularly preferable to produce a cladding for a staircase (staircase cladding). A stair case includes, for example, a cladding of the treads. Alternatively or additionally, a staircase covering may comprise a covering of the risers and / or the stringers. In the case of a complete stair covering, for example, the railing and / or rubbing strips, trim strips, etc. may also be included in the staircase covering. For the purposes of the invention under the panel for a building no floor covering to understand. In addition, it should be noted that tread and / or step podium cladding, although arranged horizontally, in the context of the invention are not floors or parts of a floor.

Under the building cladding are thus generally understood surface coverings, which are arranged on, in front of or on a surface of a building, for example a corresponding fastening device on or in front of the surface. Floor coverings are not part of the invention. The surface covering may be floating on, in front of or on the surface or the fastening device floating (in one or more spatial directions movable) or immovably connected to the surface / fastening device.

A cladding consists of at least two components, which together form the cladding. The individual components can be formed integrally or composed of at least two components. In the case of a panel consisting of more than two components, according to the invention at least two of the components are connected to one another by means of the locking profiles. Other components can also be connected via locking profiles and / or eg. By other means of connection such as screws, nails, claws, fittings, etc. Also, components without connection, for example. Butt can be arranged together.

The cladding can dress the entire structure or even sections of the building. Thus, for example, a panel made in accordance with the invention for a staircase may comprise only the tread trim and / or the riser cladding of a staircase. A stair string paneling, a stair railing paneling, a stair landing cover and / or associated moldings and rubbing strips, the panel according to the invention can be provided in addition or also according to the invention as further kits.

For the building cladding fundamentally different materials can be used. For example, structures such as stairs or walls can be clad with stone, marble or similar materials. Also, plastic panels made of, for example, PVC, linoleum, polystyrene or WPC are known. However, wood and / or wood-based materials are particularly preferably used when making the components. The individual components can thus comprise wood and / or wood-based materials.

Both wood and wood-based materials can also be provided with a surface coating. The surface coating can be designed as a decorative coating, for example in the form of a decorative film, a decorative vinyl coating, a linoleum covering, a veneer coating, a cork coating, as a lacquer coating or the like. Alternatively or additionally, a protective layer, such as a synthetic resin-impregnated overlay, a protective lacquer or a surface oiling, can be applied to the wood, the wood-based material or the decorative layer. Finally, the components may also have a structural layer. For example, it is possible to form the components with a surface structure, for example a surface structure (synchronous pore) adapted to a (color) decoration of the component.

Prefabricated panels are particularly preferred for making the components used, which have at least laterally and / or longitudinally arranged mutually corresponding locking profiles. Panels may preferably comprise wood and / or wood-based materials.

By prefabricated panels are, for example, components for covering a floor, a wall or a ceiling understood. Panels have at their edges already corresponding profiles for connecting the panels to each other. These can be the mutually corresponding locking profiles. The panels can be designed as solid wood parquet or as a multi-layer parquet. Multilayer parquet has at least one carrier layer, to which a solid wood element is applied. Also, the panels may be formed as laminates comprising a wood-based panel, for example. A fiber or chipboard, a decorative layer and optionally include an associated protective layer. The surface coating of the wood-based panel can be carried out by means of a decorative paper and an overlay coating or a paint coating of color decoration and / or protective layer.

The use of prefabricated panels a particularly high and cost-effective variety of decor of the panel is achieved. Also, for example, the decor of a staircase and / or wall paneling on the decor of a floor covering can be particularly easily adjusted.

In order to facilitate the assembly of the panel further, it is provided according to a development of the invention that the components are made at least partially accurate fit. Under precise fit is understood that the individual components to the building cladding composable components during assembly no adjustment of dimensions or shape, but the individual components can be assembled without on-site Maß- and / or shaping work.

As already mentioned, a complete cladding of a building can consist of several cladding kits. Thus, for example, in a staircase trim preferably the treads or treads and risers are made accurately, while the components of a second kit for dressing the stair stringers and / or the banister for example. Only made to measure. Accordingly, in the case of a wall or ceiling cladding, the building elements forming the cladding surface can comprise a first kit with precisely manufactured components, while a second kit comprises the wall / ceiling strips belonging to the cladding, which, however, are only made to measure.

To install a panel on a staircase, the individual components of the panel, in particular in a staircase with treads and risers, one after the other, for example, mounted from bottom to top on the existing site stairs and attached to this. For this purpose, the Setzstufenverkleidung or the tread panel forming components can be interconnected. A particularly effective simplification of the assembly of the cladding is achieved according to a development of the invention by the locking profiles in the region of a tread disguising component and / or in the region of a riser clad component are arranged. The locking profiles allow a particularly fast assembly, since time-consuming adhesive or screw connections between the individual components can be omitted. In addition, the locking profiles ensure a high accuracy of fit of the components to the building.

A special facilitation for the assembly is achieved according to a development of the invention in that the factory a miter joint, in particular a folded miter joint, is formed between two components of a component. The already factory-trained miter connection allows the production of a particularly high-quality trim corner or trim edge. Thus, the miter joint, for example, to form a stair tread edge between a component, which a tread with clad, and a component, which are covered with a riser, made with.

According to a development of the invention, it is additionally provided that after the acquisition of the digital storage and the determination of the installation dimensions, a virtual trim kit corresponding to the installation dimensions is created. The virtual trim kit can be visually, for example, on a picture display device (TV / monitor, etc.), displayed for preview. In other words, on the basis of the determined dimensions of the room, for example, a computer-generated virtual trim kit is created, which is arranged on a likewise virtual structure corresponding to the building.

A further improvement of the optical design of the trim kit is achieved according to a development of the invention by the steps: Digital capture and storage of a variety of components suitable for the manufacture of components with a decorative surface, creating a virtual trim kit based on the calculated installation dimensions with virtual components from a selection the digitally present components, optical optimization of the trim kit by replacing individual arranged in the virtual trim kit virtual components against other stored optically preferred components, producing the virtual components corresponding components from the virtual components corresponding components.

To simplify the assembly can also be generated after the manufacture of the components for each component, a position indicator and applied to the respective component, which identifies the exact position of the respective component in the trim kit.

Further, the invention is achieved by a cladding for building, comprising a trim kit with components that can be assembled to the cladding, with at least two components, the have mutually corresponding locking profiles for adhesive-free connection of the components.

The components are in particular flat, for example. Plate-shaped, formed with a comparison with the length and width of the component low height (thickness). The assemblable to the panel components are preferably factory made at least dimensionally accurate.

The innovative panel simplifies the installation of the panel on a building considerably. As a result, the assembly of the panel can also be performed by a layman.

Particularly preferably, the cladding is formed at an angle for at least a portion of a building and has at least two structures which are adhesively bonded to each other by means of a corresponding locking profile and at an angle α ≠ 180 ° and α ≠ 360 ° aligned with each other, wherein a first profiling of Locking profile on a side edge of a first component and extending in the direction of a structural plane of the first component and a second profiling of the locking profile on the second structure, extending in the direction transverse to the structural plane of the second component, are arranged.

The building element level is understood to mean a plane spanning the length and width of the structure. The inventive arrangement and alignment of the profiles allows a glue-free angled connection of two structures. The angle α ≠ 180 ° and α ≠ 360 °. In particular, the structures are largely arranged at right angles to each other.

Although some aspects have been described in the context of a method, it will be understood that these aspects also constitute a description of the corresponding apparatus such that the features described in connection with or as a method step also describe a corresponding block or detail or feature of a device represent appropriate device. Analogously, aspects described in connection with the device also represent a description of a corresponding method step or a feature of a method step.

Furthermore, the invention will be described in more detail with reference to exemplary embodiments. Show it:

1 schematically a perspective view of a section of a trained as a staircase trim kit with a miter connection between a tread and a Setzstufenverkleidung;

2 schematically a perspective view of a section of a trained as a staircase trim kit with a multiple miter connection in the region of an overhang of a tread trim.

3 schematically in a cross section a section of an embodiment of a staircase trim with corresponding locking profiles between a riser cladding and tread panels.

4 schematically in a cross section a section of another embodiment of a staircase trim with corresponding locking profiles between a riser cladding and tread panels.

5 schematically in cross section an alternative embodiment for a riser cladding.

1 shows four assembled components 1a - 1c . 2 a disguise 3 for a step (not shown here). The components 1a - 1c . 2 form a panel kit. All components 1a - 1c . 2 are made to fit and were thus factory-assembled, ie, manufactured in terms of their height, length and width based on the previously determined installation dimensions. That the staircase edge 9 comprehensive first component 1a consists of two components 4 . 5 using a folded miter joint 6 glued together. The components 4 . 5 thus form a 90 ° corner angle.

At the respective longitudinal sides of the first component 1a and the second component 1b are here as rotary-swivel profiles trained, mutually corresponding locking profiles 12 arranged. On the third component 1c and the fourth component 2 was only on one longitudinal side, a corresponding locking profile 12 formed, each tuned to connect to the first component 1a , or the second component 1b ,

In the assembled state forms the first component 5 of the first component 1a and the fourth component 2 a riser cladding 7 out. The connection between the first component 5 and the fourth component 2 is about the longitudinally arranged corresponding locking profiles 12 educated.

The second component 4 of the first component 1a is also on a trained as a rotary-swivel profile corresponding locking profile 12 with the second component 1b connected. The second component 1b is in turn on the designed as a rotary-swivel profiles corresponding locking profiles 12 with the third component 1c connected. The first component 4 , the second component 1b and the third component 1c together form the tread cladding 8th out.

2 also shows a disguise 3 from a trim kit with a step tread 8th and a riser cladding 7 , This is the riser cladding 7 forming fourth component 2 formed integrally and abuts butt against the underside of the first component 1a the tread cladding 8th , Alternatively, the fourth component 2 also via a locking profile 12 with the tread cladding 8th be connected, for example, according to the execution of 3 - 5 , In addition, the riser cladding 7 can also be formed of several components that are connected by means of corresponding locking profiles.

The first component 1a has a tread overhang 10 on. The first component 1a is made of three components 4 . 5 . 11 educated. This was the first component 4 by means of a 45 ° connection with the second component 5 and the second component 5 also by means of a 45 ° connection 9 with the third component 11 connected.

The first component 4 is according to the tread paneling 8th out 1 with the second component 1b and the second component 1b with the third component 1c via corresponding locking profiles 12 connected. Together they form the tread cladding 8th out.

The components 1a - 1c . 2 Both embodiments are made of prefabricated panels, here a multi-layer parquet with a base layer of wood (alternatively wood material) and a real wood surface (not shown here) as a topcoat.

For making the panel 3 out 1 and 2 The dimensions of the existing staircase were first recorded at the installation site and digitally stored. Subsequently, the installation dimensions of the cladding were determined from the recorded dimensions. Thereafter, prefabricated panels (multilayer parquet) were removed with arranged on the transverse and longitudinal sides corresponding locking profiles from a warehouse. From the panels were based on the determined installation dimensions, the components 1a - 1c . 2 made using the existing locking profiles and no new locking profiles were formed.

3 shows three custom-made components 1a . 1b . 1c a mounted trim kit for a step. The first and third components 1a . 1c are as a step tread 8th , the second component 1b is as a riser cladding 7 educated. Between the first and the second component 1a . 1b is a corresponding locking profile 12 arranged, which is the two components 1a . 1b adhesive-free at an angle of α = 90 ° with each other.

The corresponding locking profiles 12 have a first groove-like profiling 12a on that at a bottom 13 of the first component 1a ie in a surface of the component 1a is arranged and transversely (perpendicular) to the component plane A (shown by dashed line) of the first component 1a extends. Next have the locking profiles 12 one, for the first profiling 12a corresponding, spring-like second profiling 12b on, on the side edge of the second component 1b is arranged and in the direction of the component plane B of the second component 1b extends.

For locking the two components 1a . 1b is on the second component 1b a separate locking body 15 arranged, by means of a spring element 17 resilient in a first recess 16 is stored. In the illustrated locked state, the separate locking body protrudes 15 in one on the first component 1a arranged second recess 14 the first profiling 12a and prevents detachment of the components 1a . 1b from each other. The separate locking body 15 Alternatively, it can also be resilient in the first component 1a be arranged.

Between the second component 1a and the third component 1c are mirrored, but in the following identically formed corresponding locking profiles 12 arranged.

4 shows an alternative embodiment of a trim kit. In this are the two spring-like profiles 12b at the two side edges of the second component 1b formed both longitudinal axis and transverse axis mirrored to each other. The respective groove-like first profiles 12a are adjusted accordingly in the first component 1a and in the third component 1c educated. In addition, the separate locking body 15 resilient in one of the recess 16 in the first component 1a and resilient in a first recess 16 in the third component 1c stored and protrude in the illustrated locked state each in a second recess 14 in the second component 1b ,

5 shows two further alternative embodiments I, II for components 18 a riser cladding 7 , The components 18 have at each side edge a spring-like first profiling 12a with a second recess 14 for engaging a locking body 15 on. At the opposite side edge of the component 18 is an extra long spring 19 formed, which in a groove (not shown here) can be introduced. The groove can be arranged on a component which, for example, forms a tread-step covering. The groove can according to the first profiling 12a without first recess 16 be educated. The formation of a long spring, which is movably mounted in a groove, is particularly advantageous in components with solid wood but also in components with wood materials to prevent the formation of gaps between the components due to the shrinkage and swelling movements of the wood.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1a

 first component

1b

 second component

1c

 third component

2

 fourth component

3

 paneling

4

 module

5

 module

6

 miter

7

 Risers lining

8th

Tread panel

9

 Stair nosing

10

 Tread overhang

11

 module

12

 locking profile

12a

 first profiling

12b

 second profiling

13

 bottom

14

 second recess

15

 locking body

16

 first recess

17

 spring element

18

 component

19

 feather

A

 Component level first and third component

B

 Component level second component

Claims (12)

A method for producing a cladding for at least a portion of a structure comprising the steps of Detecting the dimensions of the section of the building to be covered, - digital storage of the dimensions and determination of the installation dimensions of the cladding, - Factory-making a trim kit with composable to the panel components, the components are formed on the basis of the determined installation dimensions to size and have at least two components mutually corresponding locking profiles for adhesive-free connection of the two components. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a panel for a staircase is made. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that are used for making the components of wood and / or wood materials. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that prefabricated panels are used for making the components. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the components are made at the factory fit. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the locking profiles are arranged on a a step and / or a riser of a staircase-facing component. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the factory a miter connection between two components of a component is formed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the miter joint is formed in the region of an outer edge of the cladding, in particular a front edge of a staircase trim. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that after the digital detection and the determination of the installation dimensions, a virtual trim kit adapted to the installation dimensions is created and optically displayed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the steps: Digital detection and storage of a plurality of components suitable for producing components of a decorative surface, - Creating a virtual cladding kit based on the determined installation dimensions with virtual components from a selection of digitally available components, - Optical optimization of the trim kit by replacing individual arranged in the virtual trim kit virtual components against other stored components, producing the virtual components corresponding components from the virtual components corresponding components. Cladding for cladding a building comprising a cladding assembly with components to be assembled to the cladding, wherein the cladding assembly comprises at least two components having mutually corresponding locking profiles for adhesive-free connection of the components. Cladding according to claim 11, characterized in that a first profiling of the locking profiles on a first component, in particular on a side edge of the first component, and extending in the direction of a structural plane of the first component is arranged and arranged a second profiling of the locking profile on a second structure is and extends in the direction transverse to the structural plane of the second component.

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