DE102015006859B4 - Motor vehicle with special protective glazing - Google Patents

Abstract

Motor vehicle with special protective glazing (10), which has a layered structure of at least two glass elements (12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22), at least one first glass element (12) being located in an edge region (24) of the special protective glazing (10) extends further than at least one second glass element (14), at least one ballistic element (28) being arranged in a recess (26) formed thereby in the special protective glazing (10), characterized in that the recess (26) is in an installed position of the special protective glazing (10) in a closed state in the vehicle vertical direction upwards at most to an upper edge (36) of a parapet and / or a lower edge of a window opening in a body of the motor vehicle, the lower edge of the window opening ending at a sealing lip of a window shaft of the motor vehicle, wherein the second glass element (14) between the first glass element (12) and a third glass element ent (16), which also extends further into the edge area (24) of the special protective glazing (10) than the second glass element (12), and the ballistic element (28) is arranged in the way between the first glass element (12) and the third glass element (14) formed recess (26) is arranged.

Description

The invention relates to a motor vehicle with special protective glazing according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
The DE 102 44 368 A1 describes an armored glass pane for armored vehicles. The bulletproof glass pane comprises a plurality of glass panes arranged in layers, at least one outer, first glass pane, one second glass pane closest to the first glass pane and one third glass pane closest to the second glass pane being provided. The first glass pane protrudes over the second and third glass panes at the edge of the bulletproof glass pane and the third glass pane protrudes beyond the second glass pane at the edge of the bulletproof glass pane. As a result, a recess is formed between the first and the third glass pane, into which an edge reinforcement covering at least part of the inner flat side of the first glass pane projects.

The DE 100 43 793 A1 relates to an armored pane with a plurality of glass panes layered one on top of the other, a profile element having two profile sections standing perpendicular to one another being arranged at least along a section of the pane edge.

The DE 198 58 082 A1 relates to an armored glass pane with a plurality of layered glass panes and composite layers, at least one composite layer being arranged between two adjacent glass panes in order to connect the two glass panes. The bulletproof glass pane has a step which is formed at the edge of the bulletproof glass pane and has a projection for attaching the bulletproof glass pane in a frame or door frame, wherein a reinforcement or a metal reinforcement is provided in the region of the projection, which covers at least the inner surface of the projection. A recess is formed on the end face in the area of the gradation, into which the reinforcement or the metal reinforcement extends.

The DE 198 03 435 C1 describes a safety glass structure for safety motor vehicles. An armored pane is provided, which can comprise, for example, at least two composite panes made of safety glass. In this case, a strip of bulletproof material can be arranged between an outer pane and a pane packet and / or between at least two panes of a pane packet and / or on the inside of the pane facing the passenger compartment, which strip extends to or overlaps bulletproof mats of the motor vehicle.

The DE 199 18 526 A1 relates to a safety glass pane with an overhang on the edge, which has a reduced thickness compared to a central part of the pane and which is provided with a steel layer. An end face of the disk has a groove in which the steel support engages directly next to the edge-side projection.

The DE 43 35 336 A1 relates to an armored glass pane with a laminated glass pane made up of several individual panes and with a supplementary profile arranged at least in an upper region. The supplementary profile is a U-profile, which overlaps and encompasses the respective end faces of the individual panes of the laminated glass pane and which is made of armored steel.

The WO 2012/095 098 A1 relates to a bulletproof glass pane, in particular for use in a motor vehicle, with a ballistic block which has a plurality of panes of glass, ceramic or plastic which are connected to one another in layers in a composite, at least one bullet-resistant strip being provided, which in particular has a substantially rectangular cross section and covers the ballistic block of the bulletproof glass edge.

In order to protect motor vehicles and their occupants from attacks, in particular with firearms, they can be armored. Such armor usually also includes special protective glazing. Special protective glazing with a layered structure consisting of at least two glass elements is known. Such special protective glazing is also referred to as laminated protective glass. The use of several layers of glass elements makes special protective glazing easier and cheaper to manufacture than a single pane of glass with equivalent armor properties. In addition, special protective glazing with several layers can be particularly light. In this case, respective foils can be arranged between the individual glass elements, for example to prevent glass fragments from flaking off into an interior of the motor vehicle when a projectile hits the special protective glazing.

The special protective glazing of a motor vehicle can represent a weak point in the armor. The maximum thickness of the special protective glazing can be limited by a limited installation space, for example in a door shaft of the motor vehicle. In addition, glass is particularly heavy as a material and can therefore also limit the thickness of the special protective glazing. The thickness of the special protective glazing is proportional to its resistance against an attack, especially a shelling.

Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide a motor vehicle with special protective glazing which is particularly bulletproof.

This object is achieved according to the invention by a motor vehicle with special protective glazing with the features of patent claim 1. Advantageous refinements with expedient developments of the invention are specified in the respective subclaims.

The invention relates to a motor vehicle with special protective glazing, with a layered structure of at least two glass elements. In addition, it is provided that at least one first glass element extends further in an edge region of the special protective glazing than at least one second glass element, at least one ballistic element being arranged in a recess formed thereby in the special protective glazing. The ballistic element can withstand an attack, in particular a bombardment, better than a glass element. This makes the special protective glazing particularly bulletproof and has particularly good armor properties.

It has been shown that the special protective glazing in the edge area is exposed to the highest loads from a bombardment. In its edge area, the special protective glazing must be able to support the forces acting on it on a body of the motor vehicle as a result of the bombardment. Usually an essentially horizontal bombardment of the motor vehicle and thus the special protective glazing is to be expected in the event of an attack. The greater the angle of the shelling to the special protective glazing, the greater the forces acting on it. This means that the special protective glazing is exposed to the highest loads at a shooting angle of 90 degrees. Due to a window curvature, the special protective glazing can have an angle with respect to the bombardment in its edge area which is particularly close or equal to 90 °. Thus, the special protective glazing is subjected to the highest stress. This is precisely why the arrangement of the ballistic element in the edge area is particularly useful.

In a layered structure, the ballistic element thus replaces at least one of the glass elements in a partial area of the special protective glazing. The ballistic element can be designed as an extension of the second glass element. The ballistic element can be arranged essentially parallel to a main direction of extent of the first glass element. The ballistic element can also be made of an opaque material, since it limits the view through the special protective glazing only slightly or not at all in the edge region of the special protective glazing.

The special protective glazing can be used for all windows of the motor vehicle. It is suitable for both front and rear windows. The special protective glazing is also suitable for respective side windows which can be opened at least partially by a special protective glazing method.

According to the invention, the recess extends in an installed position of the special protective glazing, in a closed state of the special protective glazing, in the vehicle vertical direction upwards at most up to an upper edge of a door parapet and / or a lower edge of a window opening in a body of the motor vehicle, the lower edge the window opening ends on a sealing lip of a window shaft of the motor vehicle. The lower edge of the window opening ends on a sealing lip of a window shaft of the motor vehicle. Window panes of a motor vehicle are usually curved from bottom to top in the vehicle vertical direction. This means that in a lower area the special protective glazing has the greatest angle of impact in its installation position compared to a shelling. Accordingly, it is particularly advantageous to arrange the ballistic element here, since the special protective glazing also has to withstand the greatest loads from a shot. In addition, the ballistic element is arranged in an area which is not visible to the respective occupants of the motor vehicle and also to potential attackers. This means that the armor is particularly well camouflaged. In addition, the ballistic element arranged there can then easily be made of an opaque material without restricting a field of vision through the window opening.

Furthermore, it is provided according to the invention that the second glass element is arranged between the first glass element and a third glass element, which also extends further into the edge region of the special protective glazing than the second glass element, and the ballistic element in that way between the first glass element and the third Glass element formed recess is arranged. The ballistic element is thus covered by a cover glass on the outside when the special protective glazing is installed. The ballistic element is thus protected from the respective environmental influences. In addition, the ballistic element cannot be easily recognized from the outside. It is usually desirable that the armor of a motor vehicle is not immediately recognizable. This serves the purpose of being armored Motor vehicle is particularly difficult for a potential attacker to identify, making a targeted attack particularly difficult.

The fact that the ballistic element is arranged between the first glass element and the third glass element also results in a uniform glass surface on both sides of the special protective glazing. This uniform surface creates a particularly high-quality overall impression. In addition, the special protective glazing can have a flush surface over its entire main extent. The special protective glazing can thus be moved up and down particularly well in a window shaft of a vehicle door in order to be able to close and / or open a window. In contrast, when the second glass element transitions to the ballistic element, there may be an edge which can potentially hinder an adjustment of the special protective glazing.

In an advantageous embodiment, it is provided that the ballistic element comprises a steel material, a ceramic material, a plastic material, in particular Kevlar, and / or a fiber composite material. A steel material is particularly resistant to fire. A ceramic material is also particularly resistant to fire and can also be particularly light. A plastic material can be particularly cost-effective and shatter particularly little when fired at, so that respective occupants of the motor vehicle cannot be endangered by splintering parts. Kevlar in particular is a material that is particularly resistant to fire and can particularly well prevent penetration of a projectile through the special protective glazing, even if the target is hit multiple times. A fiber composite material can also be particularly bulletproof, particularly resistant to fragmentation and also particularly light. The fiber composite material can have, for example, a ceramic or a plastic as the carrier material. All the materials mentioned have in common that they can have a smaller thickness and / or a lower weight compared to a glass element with the same bullet resistance. With the same thickness and / or the same weight, the ballistic element has greater bullet security than a corresponding glass element.

In a further advantageous embodiment, it is provided that the ballistic element is connected in at least one of its edge regions to at least one adjacent glass element, in particular by means of an adhesive. As a result, the special protective glazing can also withstand shelling in a transition area between the ballistic element and adjacent glass elements particularly well. By connecting the elastic element only in its edge area to adjacent glass elements, the ballistic element can freely swing and / or deform in its central area. As a result, the ballistic element can absorb the energy from a bombardment particularly well. The vibration of the ballistic element and possibly its deformation can prevent penetration of the ballistic element and thus the special protective glazing by a projectile particularly well.

In a further advantageous embodiment, it is provided that the ballistic element is connected with its side surfaces facing the first and / or the third glass element in the edge region to the first glass element and / or the third glass element. As described above, this initially results in the advantages with regard to the bullet resistance of the special protective glazing. In addition, in contrast to a flat connection, it is possible in this way to apply a film to the respective side surfaces of the first and / or the third glass element facing the ballistic element. If, on the other hand, the ballistic element is connected differently to the first glass element and / or the third glass element, in particular over a large area over the entire facing side surfaces, this can cause delamination of the respective foils. Because of the different thermal expansion of the ballistic element and the glass elements, this connection could pull off the respective foils from the glass elements.

In a further advantageous embodiment, it is provided that a gap is provided between the ballistic element and at least one adjacent glass element. This gap can allow the ballistic element to oscillate and / or deform as described above, without damaging adjacent glass elements. The gap can thus increase the bullet resistance of the special protective glazing. In addition, the gap can serve as an expansion joint in order to compensate for different thermal expansions of the ballistic element and the adjacent glass elements. A gap width should not be smaller than a diameter of a projectile, for example 1 mm or less.

In a further advantageous embodiment, it is provided that a damping element, in particular a foam element, a molded foam or a soft potting compound, is provided in the gap between the ballistic element and at least one adjacent glass element. This damping element can dampen the vibration of the ballistic element particularly well when a projectile is impacted and thus also the bullet resistance of the Particularly increase special protective glazing. In addition, the damping element can particularly reduce respective vibrations and thus noise development in the special protective glazing when the motor vehicle is traveling. A foam element is a damping element that can be produced particularly cost-effectively. A molded foam and a potting compound is a damping element that is particularly easy to attach.

In a further advantageous embodiment, it is provided that the ballistic element is laminated, in particular by painting the first glass element and / or the third glass element in the edge region of the special protective glazing. As already described, the armor of a motor vehicle and thus also the special protective glazing should not be readily recognizable to an attacker. The special protective glazing is particularly difficult to recognize due to the lamination of the ballistic element. The painting of the first and / or the third glass element represents a particularly cost-effective and easy-to-manufacture lamination. Even regular glazing of motor vehicles is usually painted black in its edge area, for example, in order to conceal an attachment to the motor vehicle there. For this very reason, such a coating is suitable for camouflaging the ballistic element and thus the armor for special protective glazing.

In a further advantageous embodiment, it is provided that a common sealing element is at least partially arranged all around on the narrow sides of the glass elements and the ballistic element, which are on the outside of the special protective glazing. For example, the special protective glazing can be glued all around on its narrow outer edges. As a result, the various layers of the special protective glazing can be closed here, so that, for example, no water can enter between the individual layers of the special protective glazing and can thus damage them. The sealing element can also comprise a film, for example.

The only FIG. Shows in a schematic sectional view in regions a special protective glazing of a motor vehicle according to the invention.

In a schematic sectional view, the figure shows areas of special protective glazing 10 a motor vehicle. The section shown includes the lower area of the special protective glazing 10 at the level of a door parapet. The special protective glazing 10 has a layered structure with a first glass element 12 , a second glass element 14 , a third glass element 16 , a fourth glass element 18 , a fifth glass element 20 and a sixth glass element 22 on. The glass elements 12 to 22 are in the direction of view through the special protective glazing 10 arranged one behind the other. The glass elements 12 to 22 are arranged essentially parallel to one another along their main direction of extension.

The first glass element 12 extends in an edge area 24 the special protective glazing 10 further than the second glass element 14 , being in one of them in the special protective glazing 10 formed recess 26 a ballistic element 28 is arranged. The glass element 14 is compared to the other glass elements 12 . 16 . 18 . 20 . 22 cut back.

The second glass element 14 is therefore in the vehicle vertical direction, which is indicated by the arrow 30 is shorter at the bottom than the other glass elements 12 . 16 . 18 . 20 . 22 , In the thereby in the special protective glazing 10 formed recess 26 is the ballistic element 28 as an extension of the second glass element 14 arranged.

The ballistic element 28 extends in the vehicle vertical direction essentially only up to one through a sealing element 32 limited top edge 36 a window shaft 38 , This is the special protective glazing 10 or the ballistic element 28 not easily recognizable, since it is covered by components of the door or a body of the motor vehicle.

The special protective glazing 10 is in the closed state in the example shown in the figure. That is, a lifting rail 40 is in its uppermost position, and the special protective glazing 10 and thus a window opening of the motor vehicle is closed. The lifting rail 40 carries the special protective glazing 10 and with it all glass elements 12 to 22 and the ballistic element 28 ,

Furthermore, the first glass element 12 and the sixth glass element 22 in the edge area 24 and possibly in the vehicle vertical direction at least up to the height of an upper edge of the ballistic element 28 be painted. For example, with a black paint, the ballistic element 28 are particularly well camouflaged, since this type of painting is also often intended for regular window panes.

By positioning the ballistic element 28 in the window shaft 38 behind the door parapet with the special protective glazing closed 10 is this not arranged in an area through which the special protective glazing 10 to be looked through. Accordingly, it can ballistic element 28 be made of an opaque material. In the example shown is the ballistic element 28 for example designed as a steel insert. A steel insert is particularly resistant to fire. The steel insert can be lighter than a corresponding glass element with the same bullet security. Alternatively, the ballistic element 28 also include a ceramic material, a plastic material, in particular Kevlar, and / or a fiber composite material.

The glazing in the motor vehicle, in particular the side windows, is curved. This is also shown in the figure, which is the special protective glazing 10 a side door of the motor vehicle. As a result, the installation angle of the pane, measured in relation to the horizontal, increases steadily from an upper edge - a connection to the roof - downwards - to the door sill. The highest requirements for special protective glazing 10 are in the range of an impact angle of a projectile, which is as close as possible to a 90 ° angle. With a horizontal bombardment, a projectile hits in the area of a door parapet and thus in the edge area 24 probably with an angle on the special protective glazing 10 which is closest to a 90 ° firing angle. For example, bullets hit the edge 24 with the horizontal bombardment with an angle of 72 to 78 degrees on the special protective glazing 10 , That is why special protective glazing is used for a conventional construction 10 in the edge area 24 thicker glass elements necessary. This leads to a higher weight of the special protective glazing 10 , In addition, the thickness of the special protective glazing 10 through the width of the window shaft 38 limited. Through the ballistic element 28 the ballistic properties of the special protective glazing 10 at the edge 24 , in the area of the parapet on the side windows, especially reinforced. This is the special protective glazing 10 particularly bulletproof. Alternatively, the special protective glazing can also be used for the same fire protection 10 compared to a conventional construction in the edge area 24 be thinner and / or lighter.

The ballistic properties of the ballistic element designed as a steel insert 28 reinforcement, it does not become flat with the first glass element 12 and the third glass element 16 bonded. Instead, the ballistic element 28 by means of foam strips, molded foam or also by a soft casting compound in the cut back of the second glass element 14 fixed. That is, in the gap 42 between the ballistic element 28 and the second glass element 14 a damping element is arranged, by means of which the ballistic element 28 is held there by appropriate gluing. The damping element prevents vibration and thus noise from the ballistic element 28 while the motor vehicle is traveling.

The ballistic element 28 is in its edge areas on the respective end faces with at least one of the adjacent glass elements 12 . 14 . 16 bonded. This fixes the ballistic element 28 particularly secure in its position. At the same time, it allows the ballistic element to swing and / or deform 28 in its middle area. This swinging and / or deforming during a shot particularly increases the energy required to penetrate the ballistic element 28 , This is the special protective glazing 10 particularly bulletproof. For this purpose it is between the ballistic element 28 and the first glass element 12 and the third glass element 16 one gap each 44 intended.

The first glass element 12 is designed as a cover glass and provides a flush surface for special protective glazing 10 ready. So there are glass elements behind 14 to 22 and also the ballistic element 28 protected from environmental influences. Furthermore, the first glass element 12 so easy when opening the special protective glazing 10 on the sealing element 32 slide along. On the inside of the special protective glazing 10 is behind the sixth glass element 22 a film element 46 arranged. This slide element 46 prevents glass splinters from entering the interior of the motor vehicle if the special protective glazing is bombarded 10 , At the same time, this film element forms 46 also a flush surface for sliding along the special protective glazing 10 on an inside sealing element when opening the special protective glazing 10 ,

The special protective glazing is on its underside 10 through another film element 48 sealed. This slide element 48 prevents the ingress of moisture between the individual layers of the special protective glazing 10 , Alternatively, the glass elements 12 to 22 and the ballistic element 28 on their lower edges also directly with the lifting rail 40 be glued.

Because of the special protective glazing 10 is particularly bulletproof and / or particularly light, can be with this special protective glazing 10 equipped motor vehicle should also be particularly bulletproof and / or particularly light. In particular, with a limited space available in the window shaft 38 a particularly bulletproof special protective glazing 10 in the lower, particularly vulnerable edge area 24 be created near the door sill. The special protective glazing 10 can also be used with a non-adjustable rear or front window. Also a reinforcement in the side or upper edge areas of the special protective glazing 10 can be useful. The ballistic element limits 28 Depending on the size, the view through the special protective glazing is not or only very slightly 10 on. In addition, the additional armor is through the ballistic element 28 not easily recognizable from the outside by a potential attacker. This makes it possible to use special protective glazing 10 also used in motor vehicles in which the armor should not be easily recognizable.

Claims (10)

Motor vehicle with special protective glazing (10) which has a layered structure of at least two glass elements (12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22), at least one first glass element (12) being located in an edge region (24) of the special protective glazing (10 ) extends further than at least one second glass element (14), at least one ballistic element (28) being arranged in a recess (26) formed thereby in the special protective glazing (10), characterized in that the recess (26) is in an installed position the special protective glazing (10) in a closed state in the vehicle vertical direction extends at most up to an upper edge (36) of a parapet and / or a lower edge of a window opening in a body of the motor vehicle, the lower edge of the window opening ending at a sealing lip of a window shaft of the motor vehicle , wherein the second glass element (14) between the first glass element (12) and a third glass element (16), which also extends further into the edge region (24) of the special protective glazing (10) than the second glass element (12), and the ballistic element (28) is arranged in the way between the first glass element (12) and the third glass element (14) formed recess (26) is arranged. Motor vehicle after Claim 1 , characterized in that the ballistic element (28) comprises a steel material, a ceramic material, a plastic material and / or a fiber composite material. Motor vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ballistic element (28) is connected to at least one adjacent glass element (12, 14, 16, 18) in at least one of its edge regions. Motor vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ballistic element (28) with its side surfaces facing the first glass element (12) and / or the third glass element (16) in the edge region with the first glass element (12) and / or the third glass element (16) is connected. Motor vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a gap is provided between the ballistic element (28) and at least one adjacent glass element (12, 14, 16, 18). Motor vehicle after Claim 5 , characterized in that a damping element is provided in the gap between the ballistic element (28) and at least one adjacent glass element (12, 14, 16, 18). Motor vehicle after Claim 6 , characterized in that the damping element is a foam element, a molded foam or a soft sealing compound. Motor vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ballistic element (28) is laminated. Motor vehicle after Claim 8 , characterized in that the ballistic element (28) is laminated by painting the first glass element (12) and / or the third glass element (16) in the edge region (24) of the special protective glazing (10). Motor vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least partially a common sealing element (48) runs all around on the narrow sides of the glass elements (12, 14, 16, 18) and the ballistic element (28) which are on the outside of the special protective glazing (10) ) is arranged.

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